Canberra city map pdf

Continue Canberra Location Map Full Size Large detailed tourist map of Canberra 10513x7377 / 22.8 MB Go to map Canberra tourist map 2465x3750 / 2.97 MB Jump to map Canberra sightseeing map 3556x2480 / 2.07 MB Jump to map Canberra street map 2556x2480 / 2.07 MB Jump to map Canberra Street map 2556x2480 / 2.07 MB Jump to map Canberra Street map 2556x2480 / 2.07 MB Jump to map Canberra Street Map 2 1050x1450 / 825 Kb Go to map the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) tourist map 2840x2098 / 2.51 MB Go to map map of Canberra's surroundings 2326x3064 / 2.47 MB Go to the map about Canberra: Facts: State: Australian Capital Territory (ACT). Population: 385,000 euros. The actual size of the Canberra map is 3556 X 2480 pixels, the file size (in bytes) is 1111803. You can open this downloadable and printed map of Canberra by clicking on a map of yourself or this link: Open the map. The actual size of the Canberra map is 2465 X 3750 pixels, the file size (in bytes) is 1699183. You can open, download and print this detailed map of Canberra by clicking on a map of yourself or by clicking here: Open the map. The actual size of the Canberra map is 2326 X 3064 pixels, the file size (in bytes) is 1412517. You can open this downloadable and printed map of Canberra by clicking on a map of yourself or this link: Open the map. The actual size of the Canberra map is 3556 X 2480 pixels, the file size (in bytes) is 922915. You can open, download and print this detailed map of Canberra by clicking on a map of yourself or by clicking here: Open the map. Canberra - Chapter 1 2 3 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Capital of Australia This article is about the australian capital. For other purposes see the City in the Australian capital TerritoryCanraAustralian Capital TerritoryCanberra, from top left to the lower right-hand town is seen from Mount Ainslie, the land of the axis with the image of the Old Parliament Building and the new Parliament Building, Australian War Memorial, National Carillon, National Gallery of Australia and National Library of Australia at Lake Burley GriffinCity map CanberraCanberraCoordinates35'17'35S 149'07'37E/ 35.29306's 149.12694'E/-35.29306; 149.12694Coordinates: 35'17'35S 149'07'37E / 35.29306'S 149.12694'E / -35.29306; 149.12694Population426 704 (2019) (8th place) - Density503,932/km2 (1,305.18/sq.m)Set 12 March 1913Elevation578 m (1,896 ft) 4.2 km2 (314.4 sq.m.) 958 km (595 miles) E Adelaide SSW Brisbane 3087 km (1,918 miles) ESE Perth (8) Territory electorate (s) Brindabella Ginninderraj Kurong Murrumbidgee YerrabiFederal Division (s) Canberra Fenner Bean (from July 2018 ˈkænbərə.) Founded after from the colonies of Australia as the seat of government to the new nation, it is Australia's largest inner city and the eighth largest city as a whole. The city is located in the northern part of the Australian Capital Territory; 280 km southwest of Sydney and 660 km northeast of Melbourne. On January 1, 1901, the Federation of Colonies of Australia was reached. Section 125 of Australia's new constitution stipulates that land located in NSW and at least 100 miles (160 km) from Sydney will be granted to the new federal government. After discussing and exploring different areas in NSW, the 1908 Government Place Act was passed in 1908, setting up the capital in the Yass Canberra area. The land was handed over to the Commonwealth of New South Wales in 1911, creating the Australian Capital Territory, two years before the founding of the capital and officially named Canberra in 1913. This is unusual among Australian cities, being a fully planned city outside of any state, like Washington, D.C., the United States or Brasilia in Brazil. After an international competition to design the city, the project of American architects Walter Burley Griffin and Marion Mahoney Griffin was selected and construction began in 1913. The Griffins' plan featured geometric motifs such as circles, hexagons and triangles, and focused on axes aligned with significant topographical landmarks in the Australian Capital Territory. The design of the city was influenced by the movement of the garden city, which includes significant areas of natural vegetation. As the seat of the Australian government, Canberra is home to many important federal government institutions, national monuments and museums. This includes the Parliament building, the official residence of the monarch's representative, the Governor-General, the High Court and numerous government departments and institutions. It is also home to many social and cultural institutions of national importance, such as the Australian War Memorial, the Australian National University, the Royal Australian Mint, the Australian Institute of Sport, the National Gallery, the National Museum and the National Library. The city is also home to many important Australian Defence Force institutions, including the Royal Military College of Dantrun and the Australian Defence Force Academy. It is also home to most foreign embassies in Australia, as well as the regional headquarters of many international organizations, non-profit groups, lobby groups and professional associations. Canberra has no local council or city government like other Australian cities. The Legislative Assembly of the Australian Capital Territory serves as the City Council and the Government for the rest of the Australian capital The vast majority of the territory's population lives in Canberra, although the city is therefore the focus of the ACT government. However, the federal government retains power over the territory and can repeal local laws. It still retains control of the area, known as the Parliamentary Triangle, through the National Administration of Capital Education. As of June 2019, Canberra's population was 426,704, up 1.5 per cent in the previous 12 months. With a high proportion of public servants in the city, the Commonwealth Government contributes the largest percentage of the Territory's gross merchandise product and is the largest employer in Canberra, although it is not the majority employer. Compared to national averages, the unemployment rate is lower and the average income is higher; higher education levels are higher, while the population is younger. The etymology of the Word of Canberra is said to come from the word Camber or Canberry, which is said to mean a meeting place in Ngunnawal, one of the Indigenous languages spoken by Aboriginal Australians prior to the arrival of European settlers, although there is no clear evidence to support this. The alternative definition has been claimed by numerous local commentators over the years, including Ngunnawal elder Don Bell, who said Canberra or Nganbra means female breasts and is the indigenous name of the two mountains, the Black Mountain and the Ainslie Mountains, which lie almost opposite each other. In the 1860s, the owner of the newspaper, John Gale, called the name nganbra or nganbira meaning the cavity between the female breasts and referring to the sullivans creek between Mount Ainslie and Black Mountain. A map of the 1830s region by Major Mitchell will indeed mark the view of Sullivan Creek between these two mountains as Nganbra. Nganbra or Nganbira could easily have been anglicised under the name Canberry as the terrain soon became known to European settlers. R. H. Cambage, in his 1919 book Notes on the Native Flora of New South Wales, Part X, noted that Joshua John Moore, the first settler in the region, named the area of Canberra in 1823, saying that there seems to be no doubt that the original was a native name, but its significance is unknown. Plans for the survey of the area from 1837 refer to the area as Canberry Plain. In 1920, some elderly residents of the area claimed that the name was derived from Australian cranberries, which grew in abundance in the area, not to mention that the local name of the plant was canberry. Although people pronounce /ˈkænbərə/ or /kænˈbɛrə/, the original pronunciation to its official name in 1913 was /ˈkænbrə/. Story Home article: The Story of Canberra See also: The Story of the Australian Capital The area in which Canberra will eventually be built was seasonally populated by Indigenous Australians. Anthropologist Norman Tyndale suggested that the main group occupying the region were the Ngunavaals, while Ngarigo lived just south of the ACT, Vanandian in the east, Valgulu also in the south, Gandangara in the north and Virajuri in the north-west. Archaeological evidence of settlements in the region includes inhabited rock shelters, rock carvings and engravings, burial sites, camps and quarries, as well as stone tools and machinery. Artifacts suggest that early human activity occurred at some point in the area 21,000 years ago. The European study of St John's Anglican Church, the oldest surviving public building in the city centre, consecrated in 1845 by Blandells Cottage, built around 1860, is one of the few remaining buildings built by Canberra's first white settlers. European exploration and settlement began in the Canberra area as early as the 1820s. The white settlement in the area probably dates back to 1823, when the estate was built on the Acton Peninsula, hired by Joshua John Moore. He formally applied to buy the site on December 16, 1826, and named the property Canberry. On April 30, 1827, Moore was told by letter that he could keep ownership of 1,000 acres (405 hectares) in Canberry. St John the Baptist Anglican Church, in the suburb of Reed, was consecrated in 1845 and is now the oldest surviving public building in the city. St. John's Cemetery contains the earliest graves in the area. It was described as a sanctuary in the city, remaining a small English village church, even as the capital grew around it. Canberra's first school, St John's School (now a museum), was located next to the church and opened in 1845. It was built to teach the children of local settlers, including Blundell's children, who lived in the nearby Blandella Cottage. European populations in the Canberra area continued to grow slowly throughout the 19th century. Among them was the Campbell family of Duntroon; Their imposing stone house is now an officer's mess at the Royal Military College, Dantrun. The Campbells sponsored the settlement with other farming families to work on their land, such as Southwells of Weetangera. Other famous early settlers were the interconnected Murray and Gibbs families, who owned the Yarralumla estate, which is now the official residence of the Governor-General of Australia, from the 1830s to 1881. Linked to the Yarralumla estate and Government House is adjacent to Yarraumla Woolshed. As a European indigenous populations have declined mainly because of diseases such as smallpox and measles. Creation of the capital of the country Opening the Parliament building in May 1927. In the late 19th century, during the debate over the federation, the area began to change from a rural area in NSW to the nation's capital. After a long debate about whether Sydney or Melbourne should be the national capital, a compromise was reached: a new capital would be built in NSW until it was at least 100 miles (160 km) from Sydney, with Melbourne to be the temporary seat of government, while a new capital was built. The survey was conducted at several sites in NSW involving Bombal, South Monaro, Orange, Yass, Albury, Tamworth, Armidale, Tumut and Dalgety. Dalgety was selected by the Federal Parliament and it passed the Government Seats Law 1904 confirming Dalgety as the seat of the nation's capital. However, the NSW Government refused to cede the required territory because they did not accept the site. In 1906, the NSW Government finally agreed to cede enough land on the condition that it was located in the Yass-Canberra region, as the site was closer to Sydney. The paper's owner, John Gale, distributed a pamphlet called Dalgety or Canberra: Which? promoting Canberra to each member of seven commonwealth and federal parliaments. By many reports, it was crucial in choosing Canberra as a site in 1908 as a result of a survey done by government surveyer Charles Scrivner. In 1911, the NSW government suspended the county for the federal government, and the Federal Capital Territory was established. On April 30, 1911, the Ministry of the Interior launched an international design competition, which was announced on January 31, 1912. The competition was boycotted by the Royal Institute of British Architects, the Institute of Civil Engineers and their affiliates across the British Empire because Home Secretary King O'Malley insisted that the final decision was up to him, not an expert in urban planning. A total of 137 valid applications were received. O'Malley appointed a three-member council to advise him, but they could not reach unanimity. On May 24, 1911, O'Malley came down to the majority of board members with the design of Walter Burley Griffin and Marion Mahoney Griffin of Chicago, Illinois, USA, having been declared the winner. The second was Eliel Saarinen from Finland, the third was Alfred Agash from Brazil, but living in Paris, France. O'Malley then appointed a six-member board to advise him on implementing the winning design. On November 25, 1912, the board announced that it could not fully support Griffin's plan and offered an alternative development. This plan included the best features of the three design locations, as well as the fourth design by H. Caswell, R.C.G. Coulter and W. Scott-Griffiths of Sydney, the rights to which he acquired. It was this composite plan that was approved by Parliament and formally approved by O'Malley on January 10, 1913. In 1913, Griffin was appointed director of federal capital for design and construction. On February 23, King O'Malley rode the first peg in the construction of the future capital. In 1912, the government proposed to the public proposals for the name of the future city. Almost 750 names were proposed. At noon on 12 March 1913, Lady Denman, wife of Governor-General Lord Denman, announced that the city would be called Canberra at a ceremony on Kurrajong Hill, which has since become the Capital Hill and the seat of the current Parliament Building. Canberra Day is a public holiday celebrated in the ACT on the second Monday in March to celebrate the founding of Canberra. After the ceremony, bureaucratic disputes hampered Griffin's work; A royal commission in 1916 ruled that his powers had been usurped by some officials and his original plan had been reinstated. Griffin's relationship with the Australian authorities was strained, and the lack of funding meant that by the time he was sacked in 1920, little had been done. By this time, Griffin had revised his plan, oversaw excavation work on the main avenues, and founded the Glenloch Cork plantation. Development throughout the 20th century canberra Government House, the official residence of the Governor-General of Australia. Two of Canberra's most famous landmarks, The Houses of Parliament and the Old House of Parliament (in the foreground). Commonwealth Place runs near the lake and includes an international flag display. The questacon on the right. The Commonwealth Government acquired the pastoral property of Yarralumla in 1913 to provide an official residence to the Governor-General of Australia in the new capital. Reconstruction began in 1925 to expand and modernize the property. In 1927, the hotel was officially named Government House. On May 9 of the same year, the Commonwealth Parliament moved to Canberra with the opening of the Provisional Parliament. A few days earlier, Prime Minister Stanley Bruce had officially settled in the Lodge. The planned development of the city slowed considerably during the Depression of the 1930s and during World War II. Some projects planned at the time, including Roman Catholic and Anglican cathedrals, were never completed. From 1920 to 1957, three bodies - the successive Federal Capital Advisory Committee, the Federal Capital Commission and the National Committee for Capital Planning and Development. continued to plan for further expansion of Canberra in Griffin's absence. However, they were only advisory decisions and development decisions were taken without consultation, which was an increase in inefficiency. The biggest event in Canberra in the pre-World War II period was the 24th ANZAC meeting in January 1939. The Canberra Times described it as a signal event ... in the history of this world's youngest capital. One dwelling in the city was not enough to accommodate 1,250 delegates, and a tent camp had to be set up on the banks of the Molonglo River. One of the prominent speakers was Herbert Wells, who during the week was a guest of Governor-General Lord Gowrie. The event coincided with the heat in south-east Australia, during which temperatures in Canberra reached 108.5 degrees Fahrenheit (42.5 Celsius) on January 11. On Friday, January 13, wildfires on Black Friday killed 71 people in Victoria and Wells, accompanied by the Governor-General during his tour of areas threatened by fires. Immediately after the war, Canberra was criticised for resembling a village, and its unorganised collection of buildings was considered ugly. Canberra was often derisively described as several suburbs in search of the city. Prime Minister Sir Robert Menzies saw the state of the national capital as a disgrace. Over time, his attitude has changed from contempt to contempt to defending its development. He sacked two ministers accused of developing the city for poor performance. Menzies remained in power for more than a decade, and during this time the development of the capital quickly accelerated. Over every five-year period from 1955 to 1975, the population grew by more than 50 per cent. Several government departments, along with government officials, were transferred to Canberra from Melbourne after the war. Government housing projects have been implemented to accommodate the city's growing population. The National Capital Development Commission (NCDC) formed in 1957 with executive authority and ended four decades of controversy over the shape and design of Lake Burley Griffin - the central element of Griffin's design - and construction was completed in 1964 after four years of work. The completion of the lake has finally laid a platform for the development of the Griffin Parliamentary Triangle. Since the initial construction of the lake on its shores were built various buildings of national importance. The newly built Australian National University has been expanded and sculptures as well as monuments have been built. A new National Library was built within the Parliamentary Triangle, followed by the High Court and the National Gallery. The suburbs in Central Canberra (often referred to as North Canberra and South Canberra) were further developed in the 1950s and The Woden Valley and Belconnen began in the mid- and late 1960s, respectively. Many of the new suburbs have been named after Australian politicians such as Barton, Deakin, Reed, Braddon, Curtin, Chifley and Parks. Canberra civic view from Mount Ainslie with Lake Burley Griffin and Mount Stromlo in the background. On 9 May 1988, as part of Australia's bicentennial celebrations, a large and permanent Parliament House was opened on Capitol Hill. The Commonwealth Parliament moved there from the Provisional Parliament Building, now known as the Old Parliament. In December 1988, the Commonwealth Parliament granted the Australian Capital Territory full self-government. After the first elections on 4 March 1989, on 11 May 1989, the 17-member Legislative Assembly sat in the temporary offices along the 1st Avenue of the Constitution, Civic. Permanent premises were opened on the London Circuit Trail in 1994. The Australian Labor Party has formed the first ACT government, led by Chief Minister Rosemary Follett, who made history as Australia's first female head of government. Parts of Canberra were engulfed by wildfires on 18 January 2003, which killed four people, injured 435 and destroyed more than 500 homes, as well as the main research telescopes of the Mount Stromlo Observatory at the Australian National University. During 2013, several events marked the 100th anniversary of the name of Canberra. On March 11, 2014, the last day of the centenary, The Canberra Century Column was unveiled in City Hill. Other works included The Skywhale, a balloon designed by sculptor Patricia Piccinini, and StellrScope by visual media artist Eleanor Gates-Stewart. The Canberra region's geography, seen from Space Canberra, covers an area of 814.2 square kilometres (314.4 sq ft) and is located near the Brindabella Range, about 150 kilometres (93 miles) off Australia's east coast. It has a height of about 580 meters (1,900 feet) of AHD; The highest point is Mount Majura at an altitude of 888 m (2,913 feet). Other low mountains include Mount Taylor 855 m (2,805 ft), Mount Ainslie 843 m (2,766 ft), Mugga Mugga Mountain 812 m (2,664 ft) and Black Mountain 812 m (2664 ft) and Black Mountain 812 m (2664 feet). The native forest in the Canberra area was almost entirely eucalyptus and provided a resource for fuel and household purposes. By the early 1960s, logging had depleted eucalyptus, and concerns about water quality had led to the closed forests. Interest in forestry began in 1915 with the testing of a number of species, including Pinus radiata on the slopes of Mount Stromlo. Since then, plantations have been expanded to reduce erosion in the Cotter catchment, and forests are also popular recreational areas. Canberra's location ACT. Canberra's main areas are shown in yellow: Canberra Central (marked as North Canberra and South Canberra), Woden Valley, Belconnen, Weston Creek, Tuggeranong, and Gungahlin. Canberra's urban surroundings are located on the Ginninderra Plain, Molonglo Plain, Limestone Plain and Tuggeranong Plain (Isabella Plain). The Molonglo River, which flows through the Molonglo Plain, was dammed to form the national capital's famous feature, Lake Burley Griffin. Molonglo then flows into Murrumbidgee, north-west of Canberra, which in turn flows north-west towards the town of Yass in NSW. The River Kwinbayan connects the Molonglo River to oak Estate within the ACT. Two of these creeks, Ginninderra and Tuggeranong, were also lit up to form The Ginninderra and Tuggeranong lakes. Until recently, the Molonglo River had a history of sometimes catastrophic flooding; The area was a beream to the filling of Lake Burley Griffin. The climate according to the Coepen-Geiger classification, Canberra has an oceanic climate (Cfb). In January, the warmest month, the average high is about 28 degrees Celsius (82 degrees Fahrenheit); however, in July, the coldest month, the average maximum drops to about 11 degrees Celsius (52 degrees Fahrenheit). Frost is common in the winter months. Snow is rare in the CBD (central business district), but surrounding areas receive annual snowfall during the winter, and often snow-capped mountains can be seen from the CBD. The last significant snowfall in the city center was in 1968. The highest recorded maximum temperature on January 4, 2020 was 44.0 degrees Celsius (111.2 degrees Fahrenheit). The 2011 winter was the warmest winter in Canberra's history, about 2 degrees Celsius (4 degrees Fahrenheit) above average. Canberra is affected by global warming, as evidenced by the long-standing upward trend in temperature. Canberra's longest-recorded minimum temperature on the morning of July 11, 1971 was 10.0 degrees Celsius. Light snow falls only once or twice a year, and usually it is not widespread and quickly dissipates. Canberra is protected from the west by the Brindabellas, who create a small shadow of rain in Canberra's valleys. Canberra gets 100.4 clear days a year. Annual rainfall is the third lowest among the capitals (after Adelaide and Hobart) and spreads fairly evenly during the seasons, with late spring bringing the most rainfall. Thunderstorms occur mainly between October and April, due to the influence of summer and mountains. The area is not very windy and the wind is strongest from August to November. Canberra is less humid than nearby coastal areas. The haze has become with The Australian summer 2019/2020. As of January 1, 2020, Canberra had the worst air quality in any major city in the world, with AKI 7700 (US 949). [126] Climate data for Canberra Airport, ACT (1981-2010 normals, extremes 1939-present) Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Record high °C (°F) 44.0(111.2) 42.7(108.9) 37.5(99.5) 32.6(90.7) 24.5(76.1) 20.1(68.2) 19.7(67.5) 24.0(75.2) 30.2(86.4) 32.7(90.9) 39.9(103.8) 41.6(106.9) 44.0(111.2) Average high °C (°F) 28.7(83.7) 27.7(81.9) 24.8(76.6) 20.5(68.9) 16.3(61.3) 12.5(54.5) 11.8(53.2) 13.5(56.3) 16.6(61.9) 19.9(67.8) 23.3(73.9) 26.3(79.3) 20.2(68.4) Daily mean °C (°F) 21.2(70.2) 20.7(69.3) 17.9(64.2) 13.8(56.8) 10.0(50.0) 6.9(44.4) 6.0(42.8) 7.4(45.3) 10.2(50.4) 13.2(55.8) 16.4(61.5) 19.1(66.4) 13.6(56.5) Average low °C (°F) 13.7(56.7) 13.6(56.5) 10.9(51.6) 7.1(44.8) 3.7(38.7) 1.3(34.3) 0.2(32.4) 1.3(34.3) 3.8(38.8) 6.4(43.5) 9.5(49.1) 11.9(53.4) 7.0(44.6) Record low °C (°F) 1.6(34.9) 2.8(37.0) −1.1(30.0) −3.7(25.3) −7.5(18.5) −8.5(16.7) −10.0(14.0) −8.5(16.7) −6.8(19.8) −3.4(25.9) −1.8(28.8) 0.3(32.5) −10.0(14.0) Average precipitation mm (inches) 58.5(2.30) 56.4(2.22) 50.7(2.00) 46.0(1.81) 44.4(1.75) 40.4(1.59) 41.4(1.63) 46.2(1.82) 52.0(2.05) 62.4(2.46) 64.4(2.54) 53.2(2.09) 615.2(24.22) Average precipitation days 7.3 6.7 6.9 7.3 8.4 9.8 10.5 11.1 10.2 10.4 9.8 7.7 106.1 Mean monthly sunshine hours 294.5 254.3 251.1 219.0 186.0 156.0 179.8 217.0 231.0 266.6 267.0 291.4 2,813.7 Source 1: Climate averages for Canberra Airport Comparison (1939–2010); Average data for 1981-2010 (123)127 Source 2: Climate averages for Canberra Airport for later extremes (128) Urban Structure Home article: Canberra Suburbs Inner Canberra demonstrates some aspects of the Griffin plan, particularly the parliamentary triangle. The Waden Valley, a view from Canberra's Red Hill is a planned city and the inner city was originally designed by Walter Burley Griffin, a major 20th century American architect. In the central part of the city, near Lake Burley Griffin, the main roads follow the wheel-spokes rather than the grid. Griffin's proposal had an abundance of geometric patterns, including concentric hexagonal and octagonal streets emanating from several radii. However, the outer areas of the city, built later, are not lined with geometrically. Lake Burley Griffin was specially designed to be connected to Canberra's various topographical attractions. The lakes extend from east to west and divide the city into two parts; The land's axis perpendicular to the central pool extends from Capital Hill to the new Parliament Building on the mound on the south side-north-northeast through the central pool to the north shores along Anzac Parade in Australia Memorial. It was designed in such a way that, looking from Capital Hill, the War Memorial stood right at the foot of Mount Ainslie. At the south-western end of the land axis was The Peak of Bimberi, the highest mountain in the ACT, about 52km (32 miles) southwest of Canberra. The straight edge of the circular segment, forming the central basin of Lake Burley Griffin, was perpendicular to the land axis and marked the axis of water, and it stretched northwest towards the Black Mountain. The line parallel to the water axis, on the north side of the city, was marked by a municipal axis. The municipal axis has become the location of Constitution Avenue, which connects City Hill to the Civic Center and both the Market Center and the Defense Precinct on Russell Hill. Commonwealth Avenue and Kings Avenue were to operate from the south side of Capital Hill to City Hill and market center to the north respectively, and they formed the western and eastern edges of the central basin. The area, surrounded by three avenues, was known as the Parliamentary Triangle and became the centerpiece of Griffin's work. The Black Mountain, with the Telstra Tower in the right and the National Arboretum in the foreground of the Griffins, appropriated the spiritual values of Mount Ainslie, Black Mountain and Red Hill and originally planned to cover each of them with flowers. Thus, each hill will be covered with a single, basic color, which represents its spiritual value. This part of their plan was never implemented, as World War I slowed construction and planning disputes led to Griffin's dismissal by Prime Minister Billy Hughes after the end of the war. Canberra's urban areas are organized into a hierarchy of districts, urban centres, group centres, local suburbs, and other industrial areas and villages. There are seven residential areas, each divided into small suburbs, and most of which have a downtown area that is at the heart of commercial and social activities. The areas were populated in the following chronological order: Canberra Central, mostly settled in the 1920s and 1930s, With expansion to the 1960s, 25 suburbs of Woden Valley, first settled in 1964, in 12 suburbs of Belconnen, first settled in 1966, in 27 suburbs (2 not yet developed) Weston Creek, settled in 1969, 8 suburbs of Tuggeranong, settled in 1974 , 140 18 suburbs of Gungahlin, settled in the early 1990s, 18 suburbs (3 not yet developed) Molonglo Valley, development began in 2010, 13 suburbs planned. Canberra's central district is largely based on Walter Burley Griffin's projects. In 1967, the Then National Capital Development Commission adopted Plan Y, which outlined the future of urban development in Canberra around a number of central shopping and commercial areas known as urban centres associated with freeways, of which roughly resembled the shape of the letter Y, with Tuggeranong-based Y and Belconnen and Gungahlin located at the ends of the Y arms. Constantly calling for the liberalization of development restrictions. Many Canberra suburbs are named after former prime ministers, famous Australians, first settlers or use Aboriginal words for their name. Street names usually follow a specific theme; for example, Duffy Street is named after Australian dams and reservoirs, Dunlop Street is named after Australian inventions, inventors and artists, and Page Street is named after biologists and naturalists. Most diplomatic missions are located in the suburbs of Yarralumla, Deakin and O'Malley. There are three light-industrial areas: the suburbs of Fyshwick, Mitchell and Hume. The Canberra Panorama and Lake Burley Griffin is set against the backdrop of far new south Wales, taken from Telstra Tower 12345678910111111415161718192021Points of Interest Looking South from Mount Ainslie1War Memorial2Anzac Parade3 ParliamentOld Parliament House Building10Brindabella Ranges11Lovett Tower12Ben Chifley Building13Lake Burley Griffin14Limstone Avenue15Fairbairn Avenue16Parkes Way17R G Casey Construction18John Gorton Building19King Edward Terrace20Presbyterian Church of St Andrew21St St St St. John's Anglican Church of Sustainability and Environment Floriade is held in Commonwealth Park every spring. It is the largest flower festival in the southern hemisphere, using and encouraging environmental practices, including the use of green energy. In 2005, the Canberra average was responsible for 13.7 tons of greenhouse gases. In 2012, the ACT government passed a law to target greenhouse gas emissions by 40 per cent from 1990 levels by 2020, by 80 per cent by 2050 without net emissions by 2060. In 2013, the government announced a target for 90 per cent of the electricity consumed in the ACT to be supplied from renewable sources by 2020, and in 2016 set an ambitious target of 100 per cent by 2020. In 1996, Canberra became the first city in the world to set a goal of not wasting waste, proposing an ambitious 2010 goal to complete. The strategy was aimed at creating a waste-free society by 2010 with the joint efforts of industry, government and society. By early 2010, it had become apparent that, although landfill, the original goal of the ACT initiative for 2010 for a completely zero landfill will be delayed or revised to suit reality. Plastic bags made of plastic plastic polymer less than 35 microns thick have been banned from retail in the ACT since November 2011. The ban was introduced by the ACT government in a bid to make Canberra more resilient. Of all waste produced in the ACT, 75 per cent is recycled. Average household food waste in the ACT remains above the Australian average, costing an average of $641 per household per year. The annual Floriade Festival in Canberra shows off large flowers every spring at Commonwealth Park. The organizers of the event have a strong environmental perspective, promoting and using green energy, green food, sustainable paper, water conservation and conservation. The event also does not smoke. Government and Politics ACT Legislative Assembly and statue of Ethos (Tom Bass, 1961) Territory Government See also: Australian Capital Territory Legislative Assembly and Electoral Systems of Australian States and Territories There is no local council or city government for the city of Canberra. The Australian Capital Territory Legislative Assembly serves as the City Council and the Territory Government for the rest of the Australian Capital Territory. However, the vast majority of the territory's population lives in Canberra, and so the city is the focus of the ACT government. The assembly consists of 25 members elected from five districts using proportional representation. Five districts of Brindabella, Ginninderra, Kurrajong, Murrumbidgee and Yerrabi, each electing five members each. The Chief Minister is elected by members of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) and selects colleagues as ministers with him or with her in the executive branch, informally known as the Cabinet. While labor dominated the ACT at the federal level, the Liberals were able to gain some support in the ACT Legislative Assembly and were in government for six-and-a-half years from 1995 to 2001. Labour regained control of the Assembly in 2001. In the 2004 election, Chief Minister John Stanhope and the Labor Party won nine of the 17 seats, allowing them to form the first majority government in the ACT. Since 2008, the ACT has been governed by a coalition of Labor and the Greens. As the 2019 update, Andrew Barr of the Australian Labor Party was the Chief Minister. The Australian Federal Government retains some influence over the ACT government. In the administrative field, this is most often due to the actions of the National Capital Authority, which is responsible for planning and development in areas of Canberra that are believed to be or which are central to the Griffin plan for the city, such as the Parliamentary Triangle, Lake Burley Griffin, major approaches and procession roads, areas where the Commonwealth retains ownership of land or undeveloped hills and ridge lines (which are part of the Canberra Natural Park). The National Government also retains a level of control over the Territory Assembly under the provisions of the Australian Capital Territory (Self-Government) Act 1988. This federal law defines the legislative power of the ACT Assembly. The ACT Federal Representation received its first federal parliamentary representation in 1949 when it won a seat in the House of Representatives, the Australian Capital Territory Division. However, a member of the ACT could only vote on issues directly affecting the territory. In 1974, the ACT was allocated two seats in the Senate, and a seat in the House of Representatives was divided into two seats. The third was established in 1996 but was abolished in 1998 due to changes in regional demographic distribution. In the 2019 election, the third place was re-introduced as the Bean Division. Both seats in the House of Representatives were mostly held by Labour and, as a rule, by a comfortable margin. The Labor Party polled at least seven percentage points more than the Liberal Party in every federal election since 1990, and their average lead has since been 15 percentage points. The ALP and the Liberal Party have always held one seat each in the Senate. Highlights: Australian Capital Territory Magistrates Court, Australian Capital Territory Supreme Court and ACT Policing See also: Crime in the Australian Capital Territory International Police (AFP) provides all police services in the territory in the same way as state police forces, in accordance with a contractual agreement with the ACT government. The AFP does this through its community policing arm ACT Policing. People who have been charged with offences will appear in the ACT Magistrates Court or, for more serious offences, the ACT Supreme Court. Prior to its closure in 2009, inmates were held at Belconnen Detention Centre in the ACT but were usually held in NSW. The Alexander Maconochie Centre was officially opened on September 11, 2008 by then-Chief Minister John Stanhope. The total cost of construction was $130 million. Canberra has the lowest crime rate of any Australian capital city by 2019. Property-related offences in the ACT were the most common crimes in 2016 entry with intent and theft of vehicles. They affected 2,304 and 966 people and 243 per 100,000 people, respectively). Murders and related crimes - murder, attempted murder and manslaughter, but with the exception of driving resulting in death and conspiracy to murder - affect 1.0 per 100,000 people, lower than the national average of 1.9 per 100,000 people. Sexual violence rates (64.4 per 100,000 people) are also lower than the national average (98.5 per 100,000 people). However, crime statistics for 2017 showed an increase in some types of personal crimes, such as theft, theft and assault. The economy Just under a third of Canberrans employed in the public sector working in public departments such as treasury tourism, housing, retail and food are also major employers Construction is the largest non- service sector, employing just over 5% of the workforce An increasing number of Canberrans are working in the science and technology sector, such as Canberra's Deep Communication Space Complex in February 2020, the unemployment rate in Canberra was 2.9% that is below the national unemployment rate of 5.1%. As a result of low unemployment and significant employment in the public sector and commercial sector, Canberra has the highest average disposable income of all Australian capital cities. Gross weekly wages in Canberra are $1827 compared to the national average of $1658 (November 2019). The median house price in Canberra as of February 2020 was $745,000, lower than Sydney alone among the capital cities with more than 100,000 people overtaking Melbourne and Perth since 2005. The average weekly rent paid by Canberrans is higher than that of all other states and territories. As of January 2014, the median rent for a unit in Canberra was $410 a week, with an average rent of $460, making the city the third-most expensive in the country. Factors contributing to this higher weekly rental market include; higher average weekly incomes, limited land supply, and inflationary provisions in the Act Residential Tenancies Act. Many Australian public service agencies are headquartered in Canberra and Canberra is also home to several Australian Defence Force agencies, most notably the headquarters of the Australian Defence Force and HMAS Harman, which is a naval communications centre that is converted into a three-functional multiplayer warehouse. Other major employment sectors include health (10.54%), professional services (9.77%), education and training (9.64%), retail (7.27%), accommodation and nutrition (6.39%) and (5.80%). Canberra Airport was sold to airport operators but base base for RAAF VIP flights. A growing number of software vendors are based in Canberra to benefit from the concentration of public customers; These include Tower Software and RuleBurst. The consortium of private and public investors plans to establish a billion-dollar data centre to make Canberra the leading hub for such activities in the Asia-Pacific region. In 2019, the Canberra Cyber security innovation hub was established to develop the ACT cybersecurity sector and the related space, defence and education industries. Demographics Home article: Demographics of Canberra Shopping at the weekly Old Bus Depot Markets, Kingston At the 2016 Census, the population of Canberra was 395,790, 207 at least, with 355,596 in the 2011 census 208 and 322,036 at the 2006 census. Canberrans are relatively young, very mobile and well-educated. The average age is 35 years, and only 12.7% of the population is over 65 years old. Between 1996 and 2001, 61.9 per cent of the population either moved to or from Canberra, the second highest mobility rate of all Australian capitals. As of May 2017, 43 per cent of ACT residents (25-64) had a bachelor's degree, well above the national average of 31 per cent. According to statistics compiled by the National Australia Bank and reported by The Canberra Times, Canberrans on average give significantly more money to charity than Australians in other states and territories, both for a dollar and as a percentage of income. Pedigree and Immigration Annual Canberra Candle Festival Nara Country Birthday (2016) , Homeland (N 1) Population of Australia 269,682 England 12,739 Mainland China 11,334 India 10.40 5 New zealand 4722 Philippines 3789 Vietnam 3,340 United States 2775 Sri Lanka 2774 Malaysia 2,431 Korea 2,283 At the 2016 Census, the most frequently nominated ancestors were: N 2 (35%) Australian (34%) Irish (14%) Scottish (11%) Chinese (6%) German (4.7%) Indian (3.9%) Italian (3.5%) Dutch (1.7%) Indigenous peoples (1.6%) Vietnamese (1.3%) Greek (1.3%) Croatian (1.2%) Polish (1.1%) The 2016 census showed 32 per cent of Canberrans were born overseas. Among residents born outside Australia, the most common countries of birth were England, China, India, New zealand and the Philippines. In 2016, 1.6 per cent of the population, or 6,476 people, were identified as Indigenous Australians (indigenous Australians and Torres Strait Islander peoples). (N 5) According to the 2016 Census, 72.7% of people spoke only English at home. Other languages most spoken at home were Mandarin (3.1%), Vietnamese (1.1%), Cantonese (1%), Hindi (0.9%) and Hindi (0.9%). Spanish (0.8%). 213 Religion 2016 Census night, about 50.0% of ACT ACT residents themselves as Christians (except for non-stated answers), the most common denominations are Catholics and Anglicans; 36.2% identified themselves as having no religion. The main article Cultural Education: Education at the Australian Capital Territory ANU School of Art (formerly Canberra High School) The two main higher education institutions are the Australian National University (ANU) in Acton and the University of Canberra (UC) in Bruce, with more than 10,500 and 8,000 full-time equivalent students, respectively. Founded in 1946, ANU has always had a strong research focus and is one of the world's leading universities and Australia's best in the Times Higher Education Supplement and Jiao Tong's Shanghai University Rankings. There are two religious campuses in Canberra: Signadu in the northern suburbs of Watson is a campus of the Australian Catholic University; St. Mark's Theological College in Barton is part of Charles Sturt University. The Australian Defence College has two campuses: the Australian Command and Staff College (ACSC) plus the Defence and Strategic Studies Centre (CDSS) in Weston and the Australian Defence Force Academy (ADFA) next to the Royal Military College, Duntroon, located in the northern suburbs of Campbell. ADFA teaches military and postgraduate students and includes the UNSW@ADFA, campus of the University of New South Wales; Dantrun provides training for Australian Army officers. Vocational education at the highest level is also available through the multi-campus Of the Canberra Institute of Technology. On 5 March 2020, the ACT government announced that the CIT campus and the adjacent car park in Reed would be leased to the University of NSW to lease pepper to develop as a university campus. UNSW is expected to invest $1 billion in renovations, which will take about 15 years. About 6,000 students and 2,000 employees will arrive there. CIT Reid campus activities should be moving to the new Woden campus. There were 132 schools in Canberra in 2016; Of these, 87 were under the control of the Government and 45 were private. In 2006, the ACT government announced the closure of up to 39 schools, which will come into force at the end of the school year, and after a series of consultations unveiled its By 2020: Renewal of Our School policy. As a result, some schools were closed between 2006 and 2008, while others were merged; the creation of integrated primary and secondary public schools will continue over the next decade. The new policy has provoked considerable opposition. Most suburbs are planned to include a primary and nearby preschool; they are usually located near outdoor areas where recreational and sporting events Available. Canberra also has the proportion of non-public (private) schoolchildren in Australia, which account for 40.6 per cent of ACT students. Art and Entertainment See also: Music Canberra National Museum of Australia, created in 2001 records Australia's social history and is one of Canberra's more architecturally daring buildings. The Australian War Memorial Canberra is home to many national monuments and institutions such as the Australian War Memorial, the National Gallery of Australia, the National Portrait Gallery, the National Library, the National Archives, the Australian Academy of Sciences, the National Film and Sound Archive and the National Museum. Many Commonwealth government buildings in Canberra are open to the public, including the Houses of Parliament, the High Court and the Royal Australian Mint. Lake Burley Griffin is the site of a memorial to Captain James Cook and the National Carillon. Other attractions include the Telstra Tower, the Australian National Botanic Gardens, the National zoo and Aquarium, the National Dinosaur Museum and the National Science and Technology Centre. A copy of each book published in Australia is required by law by the National Library of Australia. The Canberra Museum and Gallery in the city is a repository of local history and art, home to a permanent collection and visiting exhibitions. Several historic houses are open to the public: The Lanyon and Tuggeranong estates in tuggeranong, Mugga Mugga in Simonston and Blandells Cottage in Parkes - all showing the lifestyle of the first European settlers. Calthorpes House in Red Hill is a well-preserved example of a 1920s home from canberra's earliest days. Strathnairn Homestead is a historic building that also dates back to the 1920s. Canberra has many places for live music and theatre: the Canberra Theatre and Theatre, which hosts many major concerts and productions; And Llewellyn Hall (as part of the ANU School of Music), the world-class concert hall are two of the most notable. Street theatre is a place with fewer basic offerings. Albert Hall was the first performing arts venue in the city, which opened in 1928. It was the original venue for theatre groups such as the Canberra Repertory Society. The annual Skyfire fireworks display over Lake Burley Griffin, held during the Stonefest Enlightenment Festival was a big annual festival, for several years one of the biggest festivals in Canberra. It was shortened and renamed Stone Day in 2012. There are numerous bars and nightclubs that also offer live entertainment, especially concentrated in the Dixon, Kingston and City areas. Most urban centres have public theatre and cinema facilities, and they all have a library. [255] Cultural events include the National Folk Festival, the Royal Canberra Show, the Summernats Automobile Festival, the Enlightenment Festival, the National Multicultural Festival in February and the Celebrate Canberra Festival, which is held for 10 days in March to mark Canberra Day. Canberra-Nara Park, with Kasuga stone lanterns framed by Canberra's gates, maintains relations between sister cities with Nara, Japan and Beijing, China. Canberra has a relationship between the city and friendship with both Dili, East Timor and Hangzhou, China. Cities's relationships encourage communities and groups representing special interests, both locally and abroad, to participate in a wide range of exchange activities. The Canberra Nara Candle Festival, which is held every spring, is a community celebration of relations with the Canberra Sisters City. The festival takes place at Canberra's Nara Park on the shores of Lake Burley Griffin. As the capital of Australia, Canberra is the most important hub for most of Australia's political reporting, and so all major media, including the Australian Broadcasting Corporation, commercial television networks and metropolitan newspapers, support local offices. News organizations are represented in the press gallery, a group of journalists who report on the national parliament. The National Press Club of Australia in Barton regularly broadcasts its lunches, where a well-known guest, usually a politician or other public figure, gives a speech, followed by a question-and-answer session. Canberra has a daily Newspaper, The Canberra Times, founded in 1926. There are also several free weekly publications, including CityNews and Canberra Weekly news magazines, as well as the BMA Magazine entertainment guide. BMA Magazine first published in 1992; The first edition featured coverage of the Nirvana Nevermind tour. There are a number of AM and FM broadcasting stations in Canberra (AM/FM listing). The main commercial operators are the Capital Radio Network (2CA and 2CC) and Austereo/ARN (104.7 and Mix 106.3). There are also several community stations. In addition, the DAB digital radio test operates, simultaneously powering some of the AM/FM stations, as well as providing several digital-only stations (DAB-Trial Listing). Five free-to-air television stations service Canberra: ABC Canberra (ABC) SBS NSW (SBS) Win South NSW - ACT (WIN) - Network Ten branch Prime7 Southern NSW and ACT (CBN) - Seven Network branch of Southern Cross Nine Southern NSW - ACT (CTC) - Nine Network branch Each station broadcasts the main channel and several multi-channel channels. From three major commercial networks: WIN airs half an hour local WIN News every week at 6pm, produced from the newsroom in the city and broadcast from studios in Wollongong. Cross Nine airs regional regional Nine News from Sydney every week at 6pm, showing rejections from Canberra and the ACT. Prime7 airs short local news and weather updates throughout the day, producing and broadcasting from its Canberra studios. Until 1989, Canberra was served only by the ABC, SBS and Capital Television (CTC), which later became The Southern Cross Nine, with Prime Television (now Prime7) and WIN television arriving as part of the government's regional aggregation program this year. Pay-TV services are available from Foxtel (via satellite) and telecommunications company TransACT (via cable). Sports main article: Sport in the Australian Capital Territory Rugby League Match at Canberra Stadium In addition to local sports leagues, Canberra has a number of sports teams that compete in national and international competitions. The most famous teams are the Canberra Raiders and Brumbies, who play rugby league and rugby respectively; both were champions of their leagues. Both teams play their home games at Canberra Stadium, the city's largest stadium and used for group football matches at the 2000 Summer Olympics and rugby at the 2003 Rugby World Cup. The city also has a successful basketball team, the Canberra Capitals, which has won seven of the last eleven national women's basketball titles. Canberra FC represents the city in the W-League, the national women's football league, and was champion in the 2011/12 season. The Canberra Vikings represent the city in the National Rugby Championship and finished second in the 2015 season. There are also teams that participate in national netball, field hockey, hockey, cricket and baseball competitions. Manuka Oval is another major outdoor sporting facility where cricket and Australian football rules are played. The expansion AFL club Greater Western Sydney Giants began a partnership with Canberra in 2012 under which it will play three home games at Manuka Oval each season until at least 2021. Before that, melbourne's AFL Kangaroos played several home games at Manuka Oval until July 2006. After moving the Kangaroos' alternate home spot to Carrara in NSW, Melbourne and the Western Bulldogs have played several home games at Manuka Oval since 2007 against the Sydney Swans. Canberra is also home to the Barassi International Australian Youth Football Tournament. The Prime Minister's XI cricket match is held annually at Manuka Oval. Other important annual sporting events include the Canberra Marathon and the Canberra Half-Ironman Triathlon. The Australian Institute of Sport (AIS) is located in the Canberra suburb of Bruce. AIS is a specialized educational and educational institution providing coaching for elite juniors and athletes in a number of sports. AIS has been operating since 1981 and has made significant strides in the production of elite athletes, both local and international. Most of the members of the Australian team and the medalists of the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney were AIS alumni. Canberra has numerous sports ovals, golf courses, skate parks and swimming pools that are open to the public. Tennis courts include those at the National Sports Club, Lyneham, the former home of the Canberra Women's Tennis Classic. A series of bike lanes in Canberra is available for recreational and sporting purposes. Canberra's natural parks have a wide range of walking paths, equestrian and mountain biking routes. Water sports such as sailing, rowing, dragon boating and water skiing are held on Canberra's lakes. The Canberra Rally is an annual motorsport event, and from 2000 to 2002 Canberra hosted the Canberra 400 event for V8 Supercars on the temporary Canberra Street circuit that was located inside the Parliamentary Triangle. A popular form of exercise is for people working nearby or in the Parliamentary Triangle to make the bridge to the bridge walk/run about 5km around Lake Burley Griffin, crossing the Commonwealth Avenue Bridge and Kings Avenue Bridge, using paths next to the lake. The walk takes about 1 hour, making it ideal for a lunchtime excursion. It is also popular on weekends. Such was the popularity during the COVID-19 isolation in 2020 that the ACT government initiated the clockwise rule for pedestrians and runners. Canberra Hospital's health infrastructure has two major public hospitals, approximately 600-bed Canberra Hospital - formerly Woden Valley Hospital in Garran and 174-bed Calvary Public Hospital in Bruce. Both schools. The largest private hospital is the John James Calvary Hospital in Deakin. Calvary Private Hospital in Bruce and the National Capital Private Healthscope Hospital in Garran are also major providers of health services. The Royal Canberra Hospital was located on the Acton Peninsula on Lake Burley Griffin; it was closed in 1991 and was demolished in 1997 as a result of a controversial and fatal explosion to facilitate the construction of the National Museum of Australia. There are 10 aged care facilities in the city. Canberra hospitals are receiving emergency cases from across southern NSW and the ACT Ambulance Service is one of four operational agencies from the ACT Emergency Management Authority. NETS provides a dedicated ambulance service for inter-hospital transport of sick newborns within the ACT and to surrounding NSW. Transport Canberra Airport Terminal Air View Tuggeranong Parkway, the main highway that links Canberra city centre with Tuggeranong ACTION The bodily Scania K360UA Alinga Street Light Railway Station, the city interchange of the Canberra Ford Falcon Taxicab Car is by far the dominant mode of transport in Canberra. The city is paved in such a way that arterial roads connecting populated clusters pass through undeveloped areas of open land or forests, leading to low population density; It also means that idle land is available for the development of future transport corridors, if necessary, without the need to build tunnels or acquire developed residential land. In contrast, other Australian capitals have significantly less green space. Canberra's areas are generally connected by restricted access to dual carriageways, with speed limits typically set at no more than 100km/h (62mph). An example would be Tuggeranong Parkway, which links canberra's CBD and Tuggeranong, and bypasses Weston Creek. In most areas, discrete residential suburbs are limited to major arterial roads, which include only a few residential buildings, to deter non-local traffic from cutting through housing areas. In order to improve road safety, road cameras were first introduced in Canberra by the Kate Carnell government in 1999. Road cameras installed in Canberra include fixed red light and speed cameras, as well as cameras from point to point; together they bring in revenue of about $11 million a year in fines. ACTION, the state bus service, provides public transport throughout the city. Kietie Transit provides bus service between Canberra and nearby NSW via its cross-border express brand (Murrumbateman and Yass) and as the quinbeiteth Transit. On 20 April 2019, the light rail line linking the CBD with the northern Gungahlin region was launched. According to the 2016 census, 7.1% of commuting was related to public transport and 4.5% to work. There are two local taxi companies. Aerial Capital Group enjoyed monopoly status until Cabxpress took over in 2007. In October 2015, the ACT government passed a law regulating ride-sharing, allowing ride-sharing services, including Uber, to operate legally in Canberra. The ACT government was the first jurisdiction in Australia to enact legislation regulating the service. Since then, many other ride-sharing and taxi services have started operating in the ACT, namely Ola, Glide Taxi and GoCatch. Canberra Station is located in the inner southern suburbs of Kingston. Between 1920 and 1922, the railway line crossed the Molonglo River and travelled as far north as the city centre, although the line was closed after flooding was never restored, while plans to build a line in Yass were abandoned. 3 feet 6 in (1,067 mm) mm) the construction railway was built in 1923 between the Yarralumla brickworks and the temporary parliament building; it was later extended to Civic, but the entire line was closed in May 1927. Trains to Melbourne are provided via the NSW TrainLink bus service, which connects to the rail link between Sydney and Melbourne to Yass, about an hour's drive from Canberra. Plans for a high-speed rail link between Melbourne, Canberra and Sydney have not been implemented because various proposals have been deemed economically unviable. Canberra's initial plans included proposals for rail services within the city, but none took place. On April 11, 2013, the Department of Infrastructure and Transportation published a report on the latest proposal, the High Speed Rail Study. A railway linking Canberra to Jervis Bay was also planned but never built. Canberra is about a three-hour drive from Sydney on The Federal Highway 23, which connects to the Hume Highway (National Highway 31) near Goulburn, and a seven-hour drive from Melbourne on the Barton Highway (National Highway 25), which connects the Hume Highway in Yass. It is a two-hour drive from the Monaro Highway (National Highway 23) to the Snow Mountains ski fields and Kosciuszko National Park. Batemans Bay, a popular holiday destination on the NSW coast, is also a two-hour drive from the Royal Highway. Canberra Airport provides direct internal communication with Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Adelaide, the Gold Coast and Perth, with connections to other inner centres. There are also direct flights to small regional cities: Dubbo and Newcastle in NSW. Regular commercial international flights operate to Singapore and Doha. Since September 2013, Canberra Airport has been designated by the Australian Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development as a limited-use international airport. Until 2003, the civil airport shared runways with the RAAF Fairbairn base. In June of the same year, the air force base was decommissioned and since then the airport has been fully under civilian control. Canberra has one of the highest rates of active travel of all major cities in Australia, with 7.1 per cent of commuters walking or cycling to work in 2011. A study by the ACT government at the end of 2010 found Canberrans walk an average of 26 minutes each day. According to The Canberra Times in March 2014, Canberra cyclists are involved in an average of four collisions each week. The newspaper also reported that There were 87,000 cyclists in Canberra, the highest rate of cycling in Australia; and, with a higher bike injuries in 2012 was doubled Mount Majura Solar Farm has a nominal capacity of 2.3 megawatts and was opened on October 6, 2016. ACTEW manages Canberra's water and sewerage infrastructure. ActewAGL is a joint venture between ACTEW and AGL, as well as a canberra retail utility provider, including water, natural gas, electricity, and some telecommunications services through a subsidiary of TransACT. Canberra's water is stored in four reservoirs: the Corinne, Bendora and Cotter dams on the Cotter River and the Gugong Dam on the Kwinbayan River. Although the Googong Dam is located in NSW, it is run by the ACT government. ACTEW owns two Canberra treatment plants located in Fyshwick and on the lower bank of the Molonglo River. The electricity for Canberra mainly comes from the national grid through substations in Holt and Fyshwick (via Kwinbayan). The capacity was first supplied from the Kingston Power Station near the Molonglo River, a thermal power plant built in 1913, but it was finally closed in 1957. The ACT has four solar farms that were opened between 2014 and 2017: Royalla (rated capacity 20 megawatts, 2014), Mount Majura (2.3 MW, 2016), Mugga Lane (13 MW, 2017) and Williamsdale (11 MW, 2017). In addition, numerous homes in Canberra have photovoltaic panels and/or solar hot water systems. In 2015/16, the ACT government's 26.3 megawatt solar systems, supported by the ACT government's feed-in tariff, had a capacity of 26.3 megawatts, producing 34,910 MWh. In the same year, the schemes supported by retailers had a capacity of 25.2 megawatts and exported to the network of 28,815 MWh (electricity consumed at the local level was not registered). There are no wind turbines in Canberra, but some have been built, built or planned in neighbouring SOUTH Wales, such as the capital's 140.7 megawatt wind farm. In 2013, the ACT government announced it was raising the ACT electricity consumption target of renewables to 90 per cent by 2020, raising the target from 210 to 550 megawatts. In February 2015, it was announced that three wind farms in Victoria and southern Australia would supply 200 megawatts of capacity; they are expected to be operational by 2017. Contracts were announced in December 2015 and March 2016 to purchase an additional 200 megawatts of electricity from two wind farms in southern Australia and NSW. In 2014, the ACT government announced that up to 23 megawatts of preferential tariff rights would be granted to establish a facility in or around the ACT to incinerate household and business waste for production by 2020. The ACT has the highest level of home internet access (94 per cent of households in 2014-15). Twin cities and twin cities See also: also: Twin cities and sister cities in Oceania Canberra has three sister cities: Beijing, China, Nara, Japan, Wellington, New ealand, in addition, Canberra has the following cities of friendship: Hangzhou, China: the ACT government signed a Memorandum of Understanding with the HongZhou Municipal Government on October 29, 1998. The agreement was aimed at promoting business opportunities and cultural exchanges between the two cities. Dili, East Timor: The Canberra Deal of Friendship of Dili was signed in 2004 to promote friendship and mutual respect and promote educational, cultural, economic, humanitarian and sporting links between Canberra and Dili. Cm. also the Australian portal 1971 Canberra Floods 2003 Canberra Wildfires List of Planned Cities List of The Tallest Buildings in Canberra Lists Capital Notes - According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics Source, England, Scotland, Mainland China and Special Administrative Areas of Hong Kong and Macau are listed separately - as a percentage of the 373,561 people who put forward their ancestry at the 2016 Census. The Australian Bureau of Statistics said most of those who nominate Australians as their ancestor were part of the Anglo-Celtic group. Of any background. Includes those who identify as Aboriginal Or Torres Strait Islander. Indigenous identity is separate from the question of origin in the Australian Census, and persons identifying themselves as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander can identify any origin. Of any origin. Includes those who identify as Aboriginal Or Torres Strait Islander. Indigenous identity is separate from the question of origin in the Australian Census, and persons identifying themselves as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander can identify any origin. References: b c 3218.0 - Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2018-19. Australian Bureau of Statistics. Received March 28, 2020 Estimated Population, June 30, 2019 GFS / BOM data for CANBERRA AIRPORT. Received on June 16, 2018. b Planning statistics. ACT Planning and Land Management. July 21, 2009. Archive from the original on August 2, 2008. Received on May 13, 2010. The long lap distance between CANBERRA and SYDNEY. Geoscience Australia. March 2004. The long lap distance between CANBERRA and MELBOURNE. Geoscience Australia. March 2004. The long lap distance between CANBERRA and ADELAIDE. Geoscience Australia. March 2004. The long lap distance between CANBERRA and BRISBANE. Geoscience Australia. March 2004. The long range between CANBERRA and PERTH. Geoscience Australia. March 2004. - Australian Electoral Commission (July 2018). Redistribution of the Australian Capital Territory to the Electoral Divisions (PDF). The electoral divisions described in this report report, the report, Friday 13 July 2018 ... However, members of the House of Representatives will not represent or challenge these voting units until ... general election. Macquarie Dictionary (6 ed.). Sydney: Macquarie Dictionary Publishers. 2013. Entry Canberra. ISBN 9781876429898. Map of Canberra. Britannica. Received on 28 February 2020. Wendy Lewis; Simon Balderstone; John Bowan (2006). The events that have shaped Australia. New Holland. page 106. ISBN 978-1-74110-492-9. b c Assembly Role. Legislative Assembly for the ACT. 2010. Archive from the original on May 27, 2010. Received on May 13, 2010. The names of the place. Australian Women's Weekly. National Library of Australia. May 13, 1964. page 61. Archive from the original on March 27, 2011. Received on February 22, 2011. B Frey, Patricia. Discussion about the meaning of Canberra. Canberra History Web. Patricia Frey. Archive from the original on September 27, 2013. Received on August 11, 2013. Hull, Crispin. European settlement and the name of Canberra. Canberra is the national capital of Australia. Crispin Hull. Received on June 7, 2010. Cambage, Richard Hind (1919). Part X, the territory of the federal capital. Notes on the local flora of New South Wales. Linnaeus Society of New South Wales. Received on October 14, 2013. Gillespie, Lyall (1984). Canberra Aborigines. Canberra: The Wizard (Lyall Gillespie). 1-25. ISBN 0-9590255-0-2. Flooding, J.M.; David, B.; Magee, J.; English, B. (1987), Birrigai: Pleistocene site in the southeastern Highlands, Archaeology in Oceania, 22: 9-22 a b Blundells Cottage. National Capital Management. Archive from the original on May 1, 2013. Received on May 13, 2010. Canberra - Capital of Australia, Australian Government, February 4, 2010, archive from the original February 12, 2014 - b Fitzgerald 1987, page 5. a b Gillespie 1991, page 3-8. Gillespie 1991, page 9. Letters. The Sydney Morning Herald. National Library of Australia. January 31, 1934. page 6. Archive from the original dated July 28, 2013. Received on October 8, 2012. a b Sparke 1988, page 116. Gillespie 1991, page 78. Fitzgerald 1987, page 17. Weatherill, David (2007). Church of John the Baptist Cemetery. Heraldry and the Canberra Genealogy Society. Archive from the original on April 3, 2013. Received on May 7, 2010. Wilson, Randall (2012). Sanctuary in the city : St John the Baptist Church of Canberra. St John the Baptist Anglican Church, Canberra. ISBN 9780646574455. A sanctuary in the city. Received on April 11, 2020. Discover our territory. The history of Canberra. Canberra and the District Historical Society. Received on April 22, 2020. Daniel, Nohra (July 3, 2019). A new roof for Canberra's oldest church. City News (Canberra). Received on April 22, 2020. U, Sue. St. John's Church and the School House Museum. Notes for the weekend. Notes on April 22, 2020. Gibney 1988, page 48. Fitzgerald 1987, page 9. Royal Military College, Dantrun (PDF). Australia's housing defence. page 81. Archive from the original (PDF) dated March 18, 2012. Received on May 13, 2010. Gibbney 1988, page 87-95. Government House. Governor-General of Australia. Archive from the original on July 19, 2008. Received on April 23, 2010. a b Canberra is the capital of Australia. Department of Environment, Water, Heritage and Arts. February 4, 2010. Archive from the original on April 10, 2011. Received on April 23, 2010. b c d Fitzgerald 1987, page 92. Gillespie 1991, page 220-230. Davison, Graham; John Hurst; McIntyre, Stuart. (1998). Oxford Companion to Australian History. Oxford University Press. 464-465, 662-663. ISBN 9780195535976. Wigmore 1971, page 24. b Fitzhardig, L. F. (1975). Old Canberra and the search for the capital. Canberra and the District Historical Society. page 27. ISBN 0-909655-02-2. Fitzgerald 1987, page 93. a b c Tom Lawrence, Competition for Canberra Plan, in addition to Australia - 100 Years of The Nation, The Canberra Times, January 1, 2001 - Fitzgerald 1987, p. 100. Gillespie 1991, p. 178. Wigmore 1971, page 160-166. Wigmore 1971, page 63. Gillespie 1991, page 303. The name of the Australian Federal Capital, Australian Screen, National Film and Sound Archive, 1913, archive from the original February 17, 2014 - Fitzgerald 1987, p. 103. Australian Bureau of Statistics 1963. View the naming of the Australian Federal Capital. March 12, 1913. Fitzgerald 1987, page 105. Wigmore 1971, page 70-71. Fitzgerald 1987, page 101. b National Capital Development Commission 1988, page 4. a b Wigmore 1971, page 69-79. a b History ncA. National Capital Management. June 11, 2009. Archive from the original on February 12, 2014. Received on February 26, 2010. Glenloch Cork Oak Plantation. Territorial and municipal services. Archive from the original on July 21, 2008. Received on February 26, 2010. It's government house. The Australian Foundation. Received on May 2, 2020. Government House. Office of the Governor- General's Official Secretary. Received on May 2, 2020. Fitzgerald 1987, page 130. Museum of Australian Democracy at the Old Parliament House (April 12, 2010). Witness to history: the opening of the Provisional Parliament in 1927. Museum of Australian Democracy at the Old Parliament House. Archive from the original on May 13, 2013. Ethel Bruce - Stanley Melbourne Bruce - Prime Ministers of Australia - Prime Ministers of Australia. National Archives of Australia. Archive from the original on February 11, 2014. Received on April 23, 2010. Wigmore 1971, page 101. Wigmore 1971, page 125-128. Gibney 1988, page 116-126. Fitzgerald 1987, page 115. Fitzgerald 1987, page 128. Wigmore 1971, page 113. Stephen Wilkes, Visit Canberra Times, June 29, 2000, page 11 and Sparke 1988, page 6. a b Sparke 1988, page 1-3. Spark 1988, page 7-9. Minty, A.E. (1973). Lake Burley Griffin, Australia. In Ackermann, William C.; Gilbert F. White; Worthington, EB (eds.). Artificial lakes: their problems and environmental impacts. American Geophysical Union. page 804. Spark 1988, page 30. Spark 1988, page 31-32. a b Sparke 1988, page 103-104, 145, 188, 323. Wigmore 1971, page 111-120. Gibney 1988, page 230-242. Spark 1988, page 130-140. Spark 1988, page 170-180. b c National Capital Development Commission 1988, page 18. Spark 1988, page 173-174. a b Fitzgerald 1987, page 138. Gibney 1988, page 250. a b c Sparke 1988, page 180. Universal Publishers 2007, page 6. a b Australian Parliament - 10 years later. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. May 5, 1998. Archive from the original on April 18, 2010. Received on April 23, 2010. Election schedule - 1989 elections. ACT election. Archive from the original on March 28, 2011. Received on April 23, 2010. Newsletters. Legislative Assembly for the ACT. Archive from the original on March 29, 2013. Received on April 23, 2010. b The Role of the Assembly. Legislative Assembly for the ACT. Archive from the original on May 27, 2010. Received on April 23, 2010. a b c d e Past election results. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Received on January 31, 2010. Jerga, Josh (December 3, 2009). NSW boasts the first female leaderboard team. The Sydney Morning Herald. Fairfax Media. Archive from the original on May 15, 2012. Received on January 13, 2010. Dugan, Maria (December 2006). Canberra FireStorm: Investigations and investigations into four deaths and four fires between 8 and 18 January 2003 (PDF). 1. Canberra: ACT Coroner's Court. Archive from the original (PDF) dated May 16, 2009. Received on June 7, 2010. About Canberra's centenary. The centenary of the Canberra division - the ACT Government. Archive from the original on February 18, 2013. Received on February 8, 2013. Sculpture as a balloon - the whale commission. Press release. ACT Chief Minister and Cabinet Office. Received on May 12, 2013. Maher, Louise. StellrScope: swirling art and science. 666 ABC Canberra. Abc. Received on April 3, 2017. b c d e f g Climate canberra region. Bureau of Meteorology. Archive from the original july 12, 2009. Received on May 13, 2010. Lady of luck or happy lady?. The era of queanbeyan. July 19, 2002. Archive from the original on March 3, 2012. Canberra Nature Park: Mount Majura Nature Reserve (PDF). Act of the territory government and municipal services. 2004. Archive from the original (PDF) dated March 26, 2012. Received on May 13, 2010. Canberra Nature Park: Mount Taylor Nature Reserve (PDF). Act of the territory government and municipal services. 2004. Archive from the Original (PDF) dated May 1, 2013. Received 24 2013. Canberra Canberra Park: Mount Ainslie Nature Reserve (PDF). Act of the territory government and municipal services. 2004. Archive from the Original (PDF) dated May 1, 2013. Received on February 24, 2013. Canberra Nature Park: Mugga Mugga Nature Reserve (PDF). Act of the territory government and municipal services. 2004. Archive from the Original (PDF) dated May 1, 2013. Received on February 24, 2013. Canberra Nature Park: Black Mountain Nature Reserve (PDF). Act of the territory government and municipal services. 2004. Archive from the Original (PDF) dated May 1, 2013. Received on February 24, 2013. - b Penguin Books Australia 2000, page 28. MacLeod, Ron (2003). The ACT Rapid Response Investigation into forest fires in January 2003 (PDF). Canberra, ACT. ISBN 0-642-60216-6. Archive (PDF) from the original on May 14, 2013. b c Gibbney 1988, inside the cover. Spark 1988, page 131-132. Spark 1988, page 181-182. Lake Ginninderra. Act of the territory government and municipal services. Archive from the original on June 28, 2013. Received on September 17, 2013. Williams 2006, 260. Spark 1988, page 4-7, 13-14. Scrivener Dam (PDF). National Capital Management. 1-2. Archive from the original (PDF) dated May 1, 2013. Received on June 2, 2009. Climate: Canberra - Climate chart, temperature chart, Climate table. Climate-Data.org received on 5 September 2013. Canberra's warmest winter. abc.net.au August 31, 2011. Received on August 28, 2016. - b Climate statistics for Australian locations: Canberra Airport comparison. Bureau of Meteorology. Received on September 3, 2011. Australia - The climate of our continent. Bureau of Meteorology. Archive from the original on March 17, 2009. Received on May 13, 2010. Climate information for Canberra Aero. Bureau of Meteorology. Archive from the original on June 4, 2012. Received on May 13, 2010. Canberra is stifling at the worst air quality in the world as the city is all but closed. January 3, 2020. Received on January 5, 2020. Climate statistics for Australian locations: Canberra Airport Comparison (1981-2010). Bureau of Meteorology. Received on November 20, 2019. Climate stats for Australian locations: Canberra Airport. Bureau of Meteorology. Received on April 17, 2020. Wigmore 1971, page 60-63. a b Wigmore 1971, p. 67. Universal Publishers 2007, page 10-120. National Capital Development Commission 1988, page 3. b c d e Wigmore 1971, page 64. b c d National Capital Development Commission 1988, p. 17. Wigmore 1971, page 64-67. Timeline of the Recording for William Morris Hughes. National Archives of Australia. Received on May 13, 2010. Universal Publishers 2007, page 10-60. Gibney 1988, page 110-200. About Weston Creek, Canberra. Weston Creek Council. Archive from the original on April 8, 2010. Received on April 23, 2010. Fitzgerald 1987, page 167. - b c d e f Interactive map of Lake Burley Griffin. National Capital Management. Archive from the original on May 22, 2009. Received on June 1, 2009. a b Sparke 1988, page 154-155. How to cut through the thickets of ACT planning. The Canberra Times. March 2, 2005. Archive from the original on November 13, 2011. Received on May 13, 2010. b Trail, Jim (April 9, 2010). It's time to rethink the grand plan for Canberra, says the NCA. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Received on May 13, 2010. Rental grants. ACT Planning and Land Management. Archive from the original september 29, 2009. Received on May 13, 2010. b Site name processes. ACT Planning and Land Management. May 11, 2009. Archive from the original on April 19, 2013. Received on May 10, 2010. Foreign embassies in Australia. Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Archive from the original on March 21, 2015. Received on March 23, 2015. Dorothy Johnston (September 2000). Cyberspace and Canberra crime fiction. Australian Humanitarian Review. Archive from the original on January 7, 2011. Received on May 13, 2010. a b c Environmental Care. www.floriadeaustralia.com archive from the original dated February 26, 2015. Received on March 9, 2015. Sustainability issues in Canberra are the background. Act government. June 13, 2012. Archive from the original on April 26, 2013. Simon Corbell (August 28, 2013). The Minister demonstrates Canberra's success in sustainability (press release). b ACT sets 90% renewable energy target in law (Press Release). Act government. November 4, 2013. Received on February 25, 2014. Kirsten Lawson,29, 2016. The ACT commits a 100 per cent renewable energy target by 2020: Simon Corbell. The Canberra Times. Fairfax Media. Archive from the original on May 28, 2016. The ACT will power 100pc of renewable energy by 2020. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. April 29, 2016. Archive from the original on June 9, 2016. Zero waste (PDF). Residence. September 2001. Archive from the original (PDF) dated November 18, 2011. Lauer, Sandra (May 23, 2007). Reducing commercial waste to landfill in Canberra by improving micro-enterprise waste management (PDF) practices. Act government. Archive from the original (PDF) dated May 19, 2013. Canberra's waste dilemma. CityNews. Canberra. March 2, 2011. Archive from the original on May 5, 2013. Craig Allen (March 1, 2010). No waste. ABC News. Plastic bag ban. Canberra Connect. Act government. November 1, 2011. a b Dyett, Kathleen (November 1, 2011). The act bag ban begins. ABC News. Archive from the original on January 12, 2012. Bean bag sales are booming. ABC News. January 9, 2012. Archive from the original January 12 Year. Nash, Lucy (January 18, 2010). No waste 2010-some waste 2010. 666 ABC Canberra. Archive Archive January 11, 2015. Pryor, Penny (October 30, 2011). Saving money can help save others. The Canberra Times. Fairfax Media. Archive from the original on June 4, 2012. The 2016 election. ACT election. December 9, 2016. a b c Canberra. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. December 29, 2007. Received on January 31, 2010. B Fraser. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. December 29, 2007. Received on January 31, 2010. Turbulent 20yrs self. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. May 11, 2009. Received on January 31, 2010. Green, Anthony. 2016 ACT Election Preview. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Received on December 9, 2016. b Office of National Land. National Capital Management. December 18, 2008. Received on May 13, 2010. Capital Runs Review. National Capital Management. October 23, 2008. Received on May 13, 2010. Asset maintenance and operation. National Capital Management. October 23, 2008. Received on May 13, 2010. The Australian Capital Territory (self-government) Act 1988. - Australian Capital Territory (Self-Government) Act 1988 (Cth) Schedule 4. a b Sparke 1988, page 289. b ACT Representation (House of Representatives) Act 1974 (Cth). National Archives of Australia. Archive from the original on December 16, 2017. Received on January 29, 2010. Senate - A.C.T. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. November 6, 2007. Received on January 31, 2010. Frequently asked questions. Australian Federal Police. November 19, 2009. Archive from the original on January 3, 2010. Received on January 21, 2010. ACT Policing. Australian Federal Police. March 16, 2010. Archive from the original on January 27, 2010. Received on April 23, 2010. History of the Court of Appeal and the Supreme Court. ACT Supreme Court. Archive from the original on May 16, 2016. Received on March 7, 2014. Laverty, Joe (May 21, 2009). Belconnen Detention Facility. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Received on April 23, 2010. Kittel, Nicholas (November 26, 2008). The ACT prison is built to meet human rights obligations. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Archive from the original on May 1, 2013. Received on April 23, 2010. Canberra court list. Family Courts of Australia. Received on May 13, 2010. Court Listing. ACT courts and tribunals. Archive from the original on May 2, 2013. Received on May 13, 2010. Crime. Australian Federal Police. ACT Policing. Received on February 23, 2019. 4510.0 - Registered Crime - Victims, Australia, 2016. Australian Bureau of Statistics. July 6, 2017. Received on December 7, 2017. Australian Bureau of Statistics (June 27, 2017). Australian Capital Territory. 2016 Census FastStats. Received on December 7, 2017. Australian Bureau of Statistics (27 2017). Australia. 2016 Census FastStats. Received on December 7, 2017. CMTED Brief. Act government. Extracted 29 29 2020 - ACT Statistics, 2005. Australian Bureau of Statistics. September 12, 2005. Received on May 13, 2010. a b CMTED Brief. Act government. Received on March 29, 2020. Yanda, Michael (October 29, 2009). House prices surge as rate hike looms. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Received on May 13, 2010. It's official: the real estate market has cooled. Real Estate Institute of Australia. September 9, 2010. Archive from the original on July 19, 2008. Received on June 7, 2010. Census of Population and Housing Australia's profile regional analysis. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 2004. Received on 13 May 2010. Clisby, Meredith (January 16, 2014). The ACT is still an expensive place to live despite falling rental prices. The Canberra Times. Fairfax Media. Archive from the original on March 8, 2014. -- All the land on ACT land is in public land. s68 allows for an annual increase associated with the CPI rental housing index, which is generally significantly higher than the CPI. In 2008, this considers the increase to 10.12% not excessive at first glance. CMTED Brief. Act government. Received on March 29, 2020. b EDA ACT Economic Indicators. EDA Australia. Received on March 29, 2020. HMAS Harman. Royal Australian Navy. 2008. Received on 3 April 2013. Fairbairn: Australian War Memorial. Australian War Memorial. 2010. Received on 23 April 2010. RAAF Fairbairn Museum. RAAF Museum. 2009. Received on 13 May 2010. No 34 Squadron. RAAF Museum. 2009. Received on 13 May 2010. Tracy Sutherland (January 15, 2007). The USFTA is beginning to reap the benefits. The Australian Financial Review. Archive from the original on October 13, 2009. Received on June 17, 2010. Sharma, Mahesh (April 2, 2008). HP bets on tower software. Australian. Received on June 17, 2010. Andrew Collie (October 2, 2007). HP bets on tower software. Australian. Received on June 17, 2010. Canberra Cyber security innovation hub launches. THIS is brief. Received on March 29, 2020. b c d Australian Bureau of Statistics (June 27, 2017). Canberra -- Canberra (Canberra) 2016 Census FastStats. Received on October 29, 2017. Australian Bureau of Statistics (October 31, 2012). Canberra -- Canberra (Canberra) The 2011 Census by FastStats. Received on October 29, 2017. Australian Bureau of Statistics (October 25, 2007). Community Profiles Series: Canberra - Canberra (Canberra Part). Population and Housing Census 2006. Received on October 29, 2017. Australian Demographic Statistics, December 2002. Australian Bureau of Statistics. June 5, 2003. Received on June 7, 2010. 6227.0 - Education and Work, Australia, May 2017. Australian Bureau of Statistics. November 6, 2017. Received on December 8, 2017. Sweet territory leads in the provision. The Canberra Times. Fairfax Media. November 4, 2013. Archive from the original on November 4, 2013. a b c d e e Stats, SSAS; Commonwealth of Australia; ou'Australian Bureau. The peculiarity of the article is ethnic and cultural diversity in Australia (article). www.abs.gov.au. - University of Canberra. Department of Education, Employment and Employment Relations. Archive from the original on December 11, 2011. Received on April 23, 2010. b Australian National University. Department of Education, Employment and Employment Relations. Archive from the original on September 27, 2011. Received on April 23, 2010. Gibney 1988, page 258-262. Academic Ranking of World Universities 2004 (PDF). Institute of Higher Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University. 2004. Archive from the original (PDF) dated November 27, 2007. Received on May 13, 2010. Canberra campus. Australian Catholic University. May 5, 2010. Archive from the original on January 27, 2010. Received on May 13, 2010. Canberra School of Theology. Charles Sturt University. Archive from the original on April 30, 2010. Received on April 23, 2010. Australian Defence College. Australian Defence College. Archive from the original on August 8, 2013. Received on April 23, 2010. Campbell. North Canberra Community Council. Archive from the original on April 23, 2011. Received on April 23, 2010. Program. Australian Defence Force Academy. Archive from the original on August 27, 2013. Received on April 23, 2010. Introduction. Australian Defence Force Academy. April 2, 2009. Archive from the original on November 12, 2009. Received on April 23, 2010. Officer training. Defense jobs. Received on April 23, 2010. Campus maps. Canberra Institute of Technology. February 25, 2010. Archive from the original on August 23, 2010. Received on April 23, 2010. UNSW strikes Premier Land Agreement with the ACT government to build a $1 billion campus in central Canberra, Tom Lowry and Tom Maddox, ABC News Online, 2020-03-05 - 4221.0 - Schools, Australia, 2016. Australian Bureau of Statistics. February 2, 2017. Received on March 4, 2017. Andrew Barr (2007). By 2020: the renewal of our schools is a message from the minister. Act Department of Education and Training. Archive from the original on March 2, 2011. Received on May 13, 2005. Primary school closing date. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. October 29, 2009. Received on May 10, 2010. Tharwa, hall schools should be reopened: committee. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. September 17, 2009. Received on May 13, 2010. The school closure report doesn't go far enough. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. September 18, 2009. Archive from the original on January 31, 2010. Received on May 13, 2010. Universal Publishers 2007, page 1-90. Emma Macdonald (May 8, 2013). Public schools are won by the young, but lose the elderly. Canberra Fairfax Media. Archive from the original original February 28, 2014. Locations and opening hours. National Archives of Australia. Archive from the original on October 6, 2012. Received on April 23, 2010. The radiance of the dome. Australian Academy of Sciences. Received on April 23, 2010. Visit to the High Court. Australian High Court. Archive from the original on October 17, 2009. Received on April 23, 2010. Customers. Parliament of Australia. Archive from the original on February 17, 2012. Received on April 23, 2010. Opening hours. Royal Australian Mint. Archive from the original on May 18, 2013. Received on September 17, 2013. Outdoors and nature. Visit Canberra. Archive from the original on December 31, 2010. Received on April 23, 2010. Copyright Act 1968 (Cth) s 201 - Museum and Gallery of Canberra. Act government. Archive from the original on May 11, 2013. Lannion. ACT Museums and Galleries. Archive from the original on October 30, 2009. Received on May 13, 2010. The Minds of Tuggeranong Manor. The minister's main department. Received on May 13, 2010. Mugga Mugga. ACT Museums and Galleries. Archive from the original on October 30, 2009. Received on May 13, 2010. Calthorpes House. ACT Museums and Galleries. Archive from the original on October 25, 2009. Received on May 13, 2010. Atkinson, Anne; Knight, Linsay; McPhee, Margaret (1996). Dictionary of Performing Arts in Australia: opera, dance, music. Allen and Unwin. 46-47. ISBN 1-86448-005-X. a b Daly, Margot (2003). Rough guide to Australia. Rough guides. page 67. ISBN 1-84353-090-2. Newsletters. National Archives of Australia. Archive from the original on August 9, 2011. Received on September 17, 2013. Jenna Clark (July 9, 2013). Coastal festival axed for 2013. The Canberra Times. Fairfax Media. Archive from the original on August 18, 2013. Fallon, Naomi; Scanlon, Joni (October 11, 2012). The stone rolls on. The Sydney Morning Herald. Fairfax Media. Archive from the original november 5, 2015. - Egging, Kiel (16 September 2012), Stonefest returns as 'Stone Day' - 2012 Lineup Announced, Music Feeds, archive from the original September 19, 2012 - Vaisutis 2009, page 283-285. Universal Publishers 2007, page 10-12. Vaishutis 2009, page 278. b c Canberra International Relations. The minister's main department. The festival celebrates the friendship between Canberra and Nara. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. September 26, 2008. Archive from the original september 29, 2008. Received on April 23, 2010. Canberra Nara Park. Act of the territory government and municipal services. October 9, 1999. Archive from the original on September 17, 2013. Received on September 17, 2013. Speaker's archive. National Press Club of Australia. Archive from the original on April 19, 2010. Received on May 13, 2010. Wigmore 1971, page 87. Jack Waterford (March 3, 2013). The history of the paper jubilee. The Canberra Times. Fairfax Media. Archive original September 17, 2013. The BMA comes at an age. 666 ABC Canberra. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. March 24, 2013. Archive from the original on October 7, 2013. Received on January 30, 2017. Bills Digest No. 132 2001-02: Amendment to Broadcasting Services (Media Ownership) Bill 2002. Parliament of Australia. March 21, 2002. Archive from the original on January 31, 2013. Received on September 25, 2013. Television subscription. Transact. June 11, 2009. Archive from the original on September 28, 2013. Received on September 25, 2013. The Brumbies are crowned Super 12 champions. Irish rugby. May 22, 2004. Archive from the original on October 13, 2007. Received on October 8, 2007. Premier League records. Nrl. Archive from the original on October 29, 2015. Received on November 19, 2015. Canberra Stadium. Australian Institute of Sport. Archive from the original on October 9, 2007. Received on March 9, 2016. Sydney 2000: Football. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 1999. Archive from the original dated August 3, 2007. Received on October 8, 2007. A complete draw at the 2003 Rugby World Cup. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Received on 8 October 2007. The Caps take the WNBL championship. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. February 17, 2007. Received on October 8, 2007. Canberra Fall Roar clinch the W-League title. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. January 31, 2012. Received on February 3, 2012. Hinds, Richard (April 1, 2005). Kangaroos find capital gains taxation. The Sydney Morning Herald. Received on October 8, 2007. Dogs, demons to play in Canberra. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. August 16, 2006. Archive from the original on October 13, 2007. Received on October 9, 2007. Who rules, Aussie Rules!. Afl. February 15, 2007. Archive from the original on March 5, 2007. Received on October 8, 2007. - Growden 2008, page 200-210. Canberra Marathon. Canberra Marathon. Archive from the original on August 7, 2011. Received on October 8, 2007. a b Sparke 1988, page 304. History and success. Australian Institute of Sport. Archive from the original on January 18, 2013. Received on October 8, 2007. Boat on Lake Burley Griffin. National Capital Management. Archive from the original on September 23, 2007. Received on October 9, 2007. Lake Burley Griffin reopens. ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. November 16, 2007. Received on July 26, 2010. Coronavirus restrictions approved exercises in Canberra - except for a walk on the lake, Nicky Burnside, ABC News Online, 2020-04-19 - b Hospital. ACT Health. Archive from the original on March 26, 2011. Received on April 23, 2010. Canberra Hospital. ACT Health. Archive from the original july 16, 2010. Received on April 23, 2010. a b Contact us and a location map. Calvary Health ACT. Archive from the original on March 23, 2010. April 23, 2010. Public hospital. Calvary Calvary's Health ACT. Archive from the original on July 18, 2008. Received on April 23, 2010. Cronin, Fiona (August 12, 2008). The chemistry crisis will hit ACT patients. The Canberra Times. Archive from the original on November 13, 2011. Received on April 23, 2010. Welcome to John James's Calvary Hospital. Calvary John James Hospital. Received on April 23, 2010. 15 years since the tragedy of the explosion in the hospital. The Canberra Times. Fairfax Media. July 13, 2012. Archive from the original july 14, 2012. Received on September 25, 2013. Fiona Reynolds (November 5, 1999). Increased pressure on the ACT Chief Minister. Australian Broadcasting Corporation A.M. Archive from the original november 4, 2012. Received on June 2, 2009. An emergency. Information about the health of the ACT government. Archive from the original on October 11, 2009. Received on April 23, 2010. About us. ACT Emergency Management. Archive from the original on August 22, 2011. Received on April 23, 2010. What is NETS?. Emergency transport for newborns. Archive from the original on December 23, 2007. Received on April 23, 2010. b Canberra Transport System (PDF). Parliament of Australia. Archive from the original (PDF) dated February 7, 2012. Received on April 23, 2010. Penguin Books Australia 2000, p. 23-25. Penguin Books Australia 2000, page 3-6, 32-35, 53-59, 74-77, 90-91, 101-104. Act Road Hierarchy. Act government. August 21, 2012. Received on February 14, 2014. The survey shows speeding on the controversial camera site. The minister's main department. July 17, 2007. Received on April 23, 2010. Speeding. Australian Federal Police. May 20, 2008. Archive from the original on November 12, 2009. Received on April 23, 2010. Universal Publishers 2007, page 57, 67, 77. Universal Publishers 2007, page 1-100. a b Lawson, Kirsten (March 11, 2014). The effect of traffic cameras on speed, put under the microscope. The Canberra Times. Fairfax Media. Archive from the original on March 11, 2014. Corporate. ACTION. Received on February 25, 2014. About us. Cross-border express. Received on June 23, 2017. About us. Kty Transit. Received on June 23, 2017. The taxi company is not interested in losing its monopoly. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. February 3, 2007. Archive from the original on February 18, 2011. Uber is launching in the ACT as Canberra becomes the first city to regulate ride-sharing. Australian Broadcasting Commission. October 31, 2015. Archive from the original November 1, 2015. McIlroy, Tom (October 30, 2015). Uber is going live in Canberra with more than 100 drivers registered. The Canberra Times. Fairfax Media. Archive from the original november 5, 2015. The ACT Chief Minister is launching a regulated Uber in Canberra, calling it a real step forward. Keeper. October 30, 2015. Archive from the original on November 3, 2015. Fully regulated Uber services Canberra. The Australian Financial Review. Fairfax Media. 30 30 2015. Archive from the original dated October 30, 2015. Taxi. Canberra Airport. Received on April 30, 2019. Australian travel booking app GoCatch to start managing Canberra Airport customers. GoCatch. Received on April 30, 2019. a b southern schedule. NSW Traitlink. September 7, 2019. Travel agencies. CountryLink. December 14, 2009. Archive from the original on February 20, 2011. Received on April 23, 2010. Shellshire, Walter M. Railroads. Canberra's engineering heritage. Engineers Australia. Archive from the original on July 23, 2013. Received on June 7, 2010. b c Penguin Books Australia 2000, p. 20. Michael Richardson (July 19, 2000). Sydney to Canberra in 80 minutes on a high-speed train. The New York Times. Archive from the original on May 1, 2013. Received on June 7, 2010. Oz HSR Received?. Australian. October 29, 2002. Archive from the original on March 6, 2012. Received on June 7, 2010. Somer, Belinda (June 14, 2001). The government is considering rail links between the eastern cities. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Received on June 7, 2010. a b MacDonald, B.T. (May 1967). railways in the Australian Capital Territory. Bulletin of the Australian Railway Historical Society: 106-116. AECOM; Booz and Co.; KPMG; Haider; Azil Tasman; Grimshaw Architects (April 2013). High Speed Rail Study Phase 2 Report (PDF). Australian Department of Infrastructure and Transport. Libraries Australia ID 50778307. Archive from the original (PDF) dated June 25, 2013. Gibney 1988, page 58, 60. - b Penguin Books Australia 2000, inside the cover. Departures. Canberra Airport. Archive from the original on September 2, 2012. Received on May 13, 2010. Singapore Airlines announces daily flights - VisitCanberra's official website. Visit Canberra. January 24, 2018. Archive from the original on March 26, 2019. Canberra - Catalan Airlines, Catalan Airlines, archive from the original october 20, 2019 - Designated International Airports in Australia. Australian Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development. February 27, 2013. Archive from the original on May 10, 2013. Richard Hogan (July 2003). Farewell to Fairbairn. Air force. Royal Australian Air Force. 45 (12). Simon Corbell (July 31, 2013). Canberra ranks high in the national report (Press Release). Archive from the original on March 18, 2014. Transport for Canberra: Transport for Sustainable City 2012-31 (PDF), ACT, March 2012, page 38, archive from the original (PDF) January 31, 2014 - Thomson, Phillip (March 19, 2014). Costs are piled up as more cyclists take to public roads and suffer falls. Archive from the original on March 19, 2014. John Tiston (June 25, 2014). Cycling campaign group Pedal Power criticises the ACT government over injuries. The Canberra Times. Fairfax Archive from the original on June 25, 2014. b Mount Majura Solar Farm powers in the ACT. ACT. Choice. October 11, 2016. Received on January 6, 2016. What we're doing. ACTUE. Archive from the original on April 3, 2015. Received on March 22, 2015. Our business. ActewAGL. Archive from the original on January 25, 2014. Received on February 25, 2014. The water network. ActewAGL. Archive from the original on March 28, 2015. Received on March 22, 2015. Fyshwick wastewater treatment plant. ActewAGL. 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Turning waste into energy (press release). Act government. March 7, 2014. Received on March 11, 2014. 8146.0 - Information Technology Use, Australia, 2014-15. Australian Bureau of Statistics. February 18, 2016. Received on January 4, 2017. Canberra is hosting the capital of New York as its sister city. ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. July 7, 2016. Archive from the original from 10 2016. - Hangzhou, China, Act Government Chief Minister and Treasury Office, archived from the original March 9, 2014 - Dili, Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste, ACT ACT government Ministry and Office of Finance, archive from the original of March 9, 2014 Sources Australian Bureau of Statistics (January 25, 1963). Australian Capital Territory, Canberra - national capital: fifty years of development. Year Book Australia. Australian Bureau of Statistics. Archive from the original on June 4, 2011. Lake Burley Griffin, Canberra: Policy Plan. Canberra: National Capital Development Commission. 1988. 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Canberra: Dalton Publishing Company. ISBN 0-909906-06-8. Williams, Dudley (2006). The biology of temporary waters. Oxford: Oxford University Publishing House. ISBN 0-19-852811-6. External Wikiquote links has quotes related to: Canberra Wikimedia Commons has media related to Canberra. Canberra guide from Wikivoyage WikiSatellite view of Canberra on WikiMapia Official Tourism website ACT Government web page Canberra map of the region - all areas of Canberra - Tourism Australia Canberra 100 - Celebrating the 100th anniversary of Canberra Geographical Data related to Canberra on the OpenStreet Map obtained from 2Radio Station in Canberra, Australia This article needs additional quotes to check. Please help improve this article by adding quotes to reliable sources. Non-sources of materials can be challenged and removed. Find sources: 2CA - Newspaper News Book Scientist JSTOR (December 2008) (Find out how and when to remove this message template) Radio station in Canberra, Australian Capital Territory2CACityCanberra, Australian Capital TerritoryBroadcast areaCanberra RA1 (No1)Frequency: 1053 kHzDAB: 8DSloganForever ClassicProgramLanguage (s)EnglishaformingClassic hits, oldiesOwnershipOwnOwnOwnIte Network (Radio Canberra Petit Ltd.) HistoryFirst Air Frequency1050 kHz (1931-1978)Technical information Power5,000 wattTransmitter coordinates35'13'12S 149'8'56E / 35.22000 S 149.14889'E / -35.22000; 149.14889LinksWebcast (2)Websitewww.2ca.au 2CA is a commercial radio station on the AM-band in Canberra, Australia, which in 1978 began broadcasting as Canberra's first radio station at 1050 kHz, changing the frequency to 1053 kHz. 2CA is jointly owned by the Metropolitan Radio Network and Grant Broadcasters. The station format is a classic music hits and is aimed at an audience of over 35. Founded by Albert John (Jack) Ryan, an AIF veteran and former signaller during the First World War, Canberra's first commercial radio station, 2CA, began broadcasting with only a small 50-watt transmitter from the back of Jack's electrical repair shop in the Canberra suburb of Kingston on November 14, 1931. By 1933, the station had increased its transmitter to 500 W and moved to a small studio built on a low hill near Canberra's queanbeyan-Canberra Road (about what is now the intersection of Hindmarsh Drive and Canberra Avenue). Hill quickly became known as Radio Hill. By the late 1930s 2CA studios had been moved from Radio Hill to a new building in Mort Street, Canberra City, next to the Civic Theatre. The power of the transmitter was again increased from 500 watts to 2,000 watts and moved to Gungahlin. In 1975, Canberra's second commercial radio station, 2CC, began broadcasting and soon topped the Canberra ratings review, continuing its dominance over 2CA in the second half of the 1970s and much of the 1980s. In 1986, 2CA aired in stereo-AM with the new Mitchell Transmitter site along with the new 5000 W Nautel transmitter, using the STC valve transmitter as a stand transmitter. In 1988, FM 104 (now Hit 104.7) and Kix 106 (now Mix 106.3) aired as The Australian's first additional FM license (also the first commercial FM license in Australia since 1980). THE FM 104 had an additional 2CA license, and the Kix 106 additional 2CC license. Over the years, 2CA studios have been housed in numerous buildings in the city, including 64 Northbourne Avenue (until the site was re-designed as an office building in 1983), followed by the first floor of the Jolimont building, as well as on Northbourne Avenue. Studio 2CA had to be evacuated on 29 November 1993 when a man crashed his car into the first floor of the Jolimont building and tried to blow up the building. Staff from 2CA had to be rescued from their ground floor studio, smashing a window and going down stairs. In the mid-1990s Austereo, owner of 2CA and 104.7 and ARN, owner of 2CC and Mix 106.3, merged to form a joint venture, owned by both FM stations, selling 2CA and 2CC Capital Radio Network. Both 2CA and 2CC then moved into the building on Hoskins St in Canberra suburbs In 2004, Grant Broadcasters acquired part of the ownership of Radio Canberra Pty Ltd (2CA and 2CC) to form a joint venture with Capital Radio Network. 2CA broadcasts in Canberra and southern NSW, including Yass, Bungendore and Kwinbayan. Signal 5000 Watt AM runs to Braidwood, Kaura, Gundagai, Cooma and Goulburn. In addition to AM, 2CA also broadcasts with Black Mountain Tower in Digital (DAB) and broadcasts its program on its website to www.2ca.com.au and other streaming platforms. In 2019, 2CA and its home station 2CC moved to a modern purpose-built studio on Bellenden St, Crace, in a multi-million dollar broadcasting complex, the Canberra Radio Centre. Inquiries : Gibbney, Herbert James (1988). Canberra, 1913-1953. Canberra: Australian Government Pub. Service. ISBN 0-644-06065-4. - archive on August 29, 2007 at Wayback Machine - Peter Dowling - Department of the Attorney General for Disaster Database Archive 6 July 2011 on Wayback machine - Radioinfo. 2CC and 2CA are moving to new studios. www.radioinfo.com.au. External links The official website is derived from parking canberra city map. google maps canberra city. canberra city bus interchange map. city walk canberra map. transport canberra city interchange map. canberra free city loop bus map. canberra city road map. canberra city hotels map

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