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Chick List, Plant Tissue Cultures Studes And International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation Vol. 4(8), pp. 304-315, 1 June, 2012 Available online http://www.academicjournals.org/IJBC DOI: 10.5897/IJBC12.011 ISSN 2141-243X ©2012 Academic Journals Review Check-list and conservation strategies of the genus Ceropegia in India K. Sri Rama Murthy1*, R. Kondamudi1, M. Chandrasekhara Reddy1 , S. Karuppusamy2 and T. Pullaiah3 1School of Conservation Biology and Plant Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Montessori Mahila Kalasala, Vijayawada-520 010, Andhra Pradesh, India. 2Department of Botany, The Madura College, Madurai - 625 011, Tamil Nadu, India. 3Department of Biotechnology and Botany, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur - 515 003, Andhra Pradesh, India. Accepted 2 March, 2012 In India the genus Ceropegia is represented by 55 species including four varieties, of which nearly 43 species are facing threats. This genus comprises of medicinal and ornamental species. In this review, we tried to compile the current status of the genus with regard to its distribution, economic importance, propagation methods, conservation through reproduction, micro-propagation and reasons for threat. In the present check-list, the status of the taxa, habit, phenology, Indian and world distribution have been summarized. The importance of the conservational strategies and their success in conserving these valuable taxa is discussed. Key words: Ceropegia, current status, plant tissue culture, reproductive biology, conservation strategies. INTRODUCTION The genus Ceropegia L. is the largest genus of the tribe Sachin et al (2006) found the new variety of Ceropegia Ceropegiaeae with more than 200 species distributed oculata var. satpudensis from the Satpuda hill ranges of only in tropical and sub tropical regions of the Old World, Maharashtra, India. Nautiyal et al. (2009) rediscovered ranging from the Spanish Canary Islands in the west, two endangered or possibly extinct species (Ceropegia through Central, Southern, and Northern Africa, lucida and Ceropegia hookeri) after a gap of 133 years Madagascar, Arabia, India, South Asia to Northern from Sikkim Himalaya. Another new species Ceropegia Australia in the East (Good, 1952; Anonymous, 1992; bhatii was discovered by Yadav and Shendaga (2010) Bruyns, 2003). The maximum diversity of Ceropegia from Karnataka, India. In our check list, the number of occurs in South Africa followed by Kenya and species increased to 55 taxa including four varieties Madagascar. Its species diversity eastwards diminishes (Table 1), of which 38 species occur in Western Ghats in Arabia where only 10 species were recorded and only (Yadav and Mayur, 2008). Many species of the genus one species in Pakistan. The species of Ceropegia as a Ceropegia have now been added to the list of Indian whole are under threat, owing to either destructive endangered plants (BSI, 2002). These species are collection or habitat degradation. They are not only placed under the categories of rare, endangered, genetically depleted but also are scarcely available. vulnerable, extinct, and threatened plants (Nayar and Ansari (1984) revised the Indian Ceropegia and reported Sastry, 1987; Goyal and Bhadauria, 2006; Madhav 44 species, of which 28 are said to be endemic to India. Gadgil, 2004). In China there are 17 species with two Yadav and Mayur (2008) added 5 novelties to the list. species overlapping with India (Li et al., 1995). In India there seems to be two major distributions of this genus, the Himalayan region and peninsular region. The Himalayan species do not possess tubers and are non- *Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]. succulent and herbaceous (Bruyns, 1997). Murthy et al. 305 Table 1. Check-list of Indian Ceropegias. Distribution S/N Species Status Habit Flowering/Fruiting India World 1 Ceropegia anantii Yadav et al. Endemic Herb July-Oct. Sindhudurg (Maharashtra state) India 2 Ceropegia andamanica Shreekumar et al. Endemic Herb Dec. Andaman and Nicobar Islands India Meghalaya, Rare, endemic and Herbaceous Bangladesh, 3 Ceropegia angustifolia Wight July-Sept. Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, threatened twiners India, Nepal West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh Nasik 4 Ceroepgia anjanerica Malpure et al. Endemic Perennial erect herb July-Sept. India (Maharashtra state) 5 Ceropegia arnottiana Wight Rare, endemic Tuberous twiners Sept. Goa, Karnataka, Meghalaya India Endangered, Aug.-Oct. Karnataka, Goa, Maharashtra 6 Ceropegia attenuata Hook.f. Tall tuberous herbs India endemic (Raigadh, Pune), Rajasthan Endangered, Twiners with glabrous Karnataka (South Canara), 7 Ceropegia barnesii Bruce & Chatterjee May-June India endemic stem Tamil Nadu (Nilgiri hills) Endangered, Kerala (Trivandrum, Oinmudi; 8 Ceropegia beddomei Hook.f. Hairy twiner Nov. India endemic Idukki), Peermade Critically endangered, 9 Ceropegia bhatii Yadav & Shendage Twiners Aug.-Nov. Davanagere Karnataka India endemic 10 Ceropegia bulbosa Roxb. var. lushi Hook.f. Common Tuberous twiners July-Oct. Throughout the India. India, Pakistan Yemen, India, Punjab, West, Peninsula, Uttar Pakistan, 11 Ceropegia bulbosa var. bulbosa Roxb. Common Tuberous twiners July-Sept. Pradesh, throughout India. Ethiopia, Somalia Ceropegia candelabrum L. var. biflora (L.) Andhra pradesh, Karnataka, 12 Rare Glabrous twiners Aug.-Dec. India, Pakistan Ansari Kerala, Orissa, Tamilnadu 306 Int. J. Biodvers. Conserv. Table 1. Contd. Aug.-Nov. Andhra pradesh, Assam, Gujarat, Karnataka, 13 Ceropegia candelabrum L. var. candelabrum Rare Tuberous twiners India, Srilanka Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, Tamilnadu 14 Ceropegia ciliata Wight Endemic Tuberous twiners Aug.-Sep. Tamil Nadu, Kerala India India, 15 Ceropegia decaisneana Wight Ornamental Climbing herbs Oct.-Dec. Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka Sri Lanka Glabrous twiners India, 16 Ceropegia elegans Wall.var. elegans Occasional June-Dec. Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu with fascicled roots Sri Lanka Twiners with 17 Ceropegia ensifolia Bedd. Endemic Aug.-Sept. Kerala, Tamil Nadu India subglobose tubers 18 Ceropegia evansii Mc Cann Endemic Twining herb July-Sept. Maharashtra (Khandala, Pune) India Threatend, Goa, Daman & Diu 19 Ceropegia fantastica Sedgwick Twining herb July-Oct. India endangered Karnataka (Sulgeri, North Karnataka) Karnataka, Kerala 20 Ceropegia fimbriifera Bedd. Endangered Twining herb July-Aug. India (Travancore hills) Tamil Nadu Coarse tuberous 21 Ceropegia hirsuta Wight & Arn. Endemic July-Nov. Throughout India except Himalayan region India, Thailand twiners 22 Ceropegia hookeri C.B. Clarke ex Hook.f. Endangered Twining herb June-July Sikkim India, Nepal Endemic, Twiners with Maharashtra (Varadha Ghat; Kolhapur, 23 Ceropegia huberi Ansari Aug.-Sep. India endangered subglobose tuber Satara, Susake island; Ambar ghats) 24 Ceropegia intermedia Wight var. wightii Endemic Glabrous twiners Aug.-Jan. Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka India Erect, dwarf, 25 Ceropegia jainii Ansari & Kulk Endemic Aug.-Sep. Sahyadri range- Maharashtra India tubersous herb. Succulent climbing Andhra Pradesh, Sikkim, Maharasthra, India, 26 Ceropegia juncea Roxb. Occasional July-Nov. tuberous herb Kerala, Kakrnataka, Tamil Nadu Sri Lanka Murthy et al. 307 Table 1. Contd. 27 Ceropegia kochinensis Prain Threatend Twiners Oct.-Nov. Sikkim, Bangladesh and Burma India, Myanmar Twiners with China, Bhutan, 28 Ceropegia hookeri Clarke ex. Hook.f. var. hookeri Threatened Dec.-Feb. Sikkim tuberous rhizomes India, Nepal, Tibet Endangered, Tall erect tubers Maharashtra 29 Ceropegia lawii Hook. Aug.-Oct. India endemic herbs (Konkan Harishchandragad) Himachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Twiners with India, Nepal, China, 30 Ceropegia longifolia Wall. Occasional Aug.-Sep. Mizoram, Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh, fascicled roots Bangladesh, Burma West Bengal, Arunachal Pradesh India, China, 31 Ceropegia longifolia Wall. var. sinensis Huber Rare Twiners July-Aug. Meghalaya, Assam, Sikkim Bangladesh India, Bangladesh, Meghalaya, Uttar Pradesh, West Burma, China, 32 Ceropegia lucida Wall. Endangered Twiners June-Aug. Bengal Hongkong, Malaysia, Thailand Rare / Tall erect tubrous 33 Ceropegia maccannii Ansari endangered, July-Oct. Maharashtra India herb endemic Skikim, Meghalaya, Himachal India, Nepal, 34 Ceropegia macrantha Wight Occasional Twiners June-Aug. Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, West Bhutan, Pakistan Bengal, Madhya Pradesh, Kashmir, Endangered / Glabrous twiners India, 35 Ceropegia maculata Bedd. June-Feb. Kerala, Tamil Nadu, extinct (?) with fibrous roots Sri Lanka Endangered, Tall, erect 36 Ceropegia mahabalei Hem. & Ans. Aug.-Oct. Pune, Thane Maharashtra India endemic tuberous herb Slender tuberous Maharashtra – 37 Ceropegia media (Huber) M.Y.Ansari Endemic Aug.-Oct. India herbs Pune, Satara, Ratnagiri 38 Ceropegia metziana Miq. Rare, Endemic Twiners Sept.-Dec. Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu India 308 Int. J. Biodvers. Conserv. Table 1. Contd. 39 Ceropegia mohanramii Yadav Endemic Tuberous erect herb July-Nov. Sindhudurg (Maharashtra state) India Maharashtra (Panchgani Ghats, Satara 40 Ceropegia noorjahaniae Ansari Rare, endemic Erect tuberous herbs July-Oct. India district) Maharashtra (Pune; Ratnagiri, Raigad), 41 Ceropegia oculata Hook. var. oculata Rare, endemic Slender tuberous herbs July-Oct. India Kerala, Tamilnadu 42 Ceropegia oculata var. satpudensis Endangered Twinig herb Aug.-Nov. Maharashtra (Satpura hill ranges ) India Gujarat ( Pavagadh) Maharashtra 43 Ceropegia odorata Nimmo ex Hook.f. Endemic Slender tubrous twiners Aug.-Sept. India (Melghat) Rajasthan (Mt Abu) 44 Ceropegia omissa Huber Endemic Glabrous twiners Sept.
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