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The Easter the Easter the Easter Volume 9 No.2, 2003 TheThe EasterEasternn GhatsGhats EPTRI - ENVIS Newsletter Endangered Medicinal Plants of Eastern Ghats Contents Foreword ♦Foreword 1 When the theme ‘Endangered Medicinal ♦ Threat to Indigenous Species of Plants of the Eastern Ghats region‘ was Tirumala Hills of Eastern Ghats 2 announced in Vol. 9, No: 1, 2003, it was ♦Threatened Endemic Plants from Eastern Ghats 3 anticipated that we shall receive an ♦Study on Medicinal Plants overwhelming response that may prompt us suggested 7 to devote at least two issues to the topic. ♦Survey of Threatened and Rare Flora However, we are pleased to have received in Eastern Ghats, India 8 six articles which, along with supporting ♦Medicinal Plants Conservation & Sustainable Utilization Project photographs, tabular data and two news (MPCSUP) 8 clippings of interest, compelled us to ♦A Note on some Endangered increase the number of pages of the Medicinal Plants as NTFPs of Newsletter from the regular 12 pages to 16 Eastern Ghats, Andhra Pradesh 11 pages. The photographs on the cover page ♦Reproductive aspects of Medicinally and those included in the article entitled: important and Endangered Tree species, Santalum album and ‘Threatened Endemic Plants from Eastern Pterocarpus santalinus in the Ghats, India‘ are taken from Dr. S. N. k Eastern Ghats 13 Jadhav, IFS., the then Field Project Director ♦Cycas beddomei Dyer : The Pride made available through the Proceedings of species of Eastern Ghats in the CAMP Workshop of Medicinal Plants Andhra Pradesh 15 Conservation Centre, Hyderabad. The request to the researchers, NGOs and stakeholders is repeated to send us papers, details of work and news items relevant to the theme announced for the forthcoming issue of the Newsletter: Bird – Plant Interactions in the Eastern Ghats region. ENVIS Coordinator Photograph shows Dendrobium macrostachium commonly knwon as ‘Radam’ grown in-situ at EPTRI Campus. Readers are...... Second photograph(from top) on cover shows the flowers of this orchid in bloom. WELCOME to contribute articles to our Newsletter. Theme of our next issue is Note The views expressed in the article/s are of the Authors. “Bird - Plant Interactions in Eastern Ghats”. 1 ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION TRAINING & RESEARCH INSTITUTE (EPTRI), HYDERABAD EPTRI - ENVIS Newsletter Vol. 9 No.2, 2003 Threat to Indigenous Species of Tirumala Hills of Eastern Ghats N. Savithramma Department of Botany, S.V. University, Tirupati - 517 502, A.P. ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ The Eastern Ghats are a Tors of geological antiquity with complex soils and reddish brown loams and elevated from isolated mountain ranges lying between Mahanandi and 380 to 930m above the Mean Sea Level (MSL) with an Vaigai rivers. The area is spread over 1750 km traversing the average rainfall of 1190 mm and temperature between 30.4°C length of the coromandel coast between 10° - 20° N latitudes to 41°C. The vegetation extention in Tirumala is around 85 with varied precipitation records under monsoon conditions. sqkm after that upto 500 km surrounding the Tirumala hills Floristically this region is very rich with more than 2000 the vegetation is nil. Tirumala - Cuddapah - Nallamalai hill species known so far of flowering plants which constitute range is eleventh one among 40 hot spots (endemic centres) about 13% of the flora of India. of India. Since geological factors of Cuddapah formation and soil types with red and calcarious shales the vegetation Most of the endemic taxa of Eastern Ghats are palaeoendemics. supports edaphic endemics like valuable red sanders and The distribution pattern of the endemic plants in E. Ghats several narrow endemics like Pimpinella tirupatiensis, Boswellia are quite different from those of Western Ghats. The species ovalifoliolata and Cycas beddomei. The forest of hills is an rich zones are isolated primarily because hill ranges with admixture of very rich deciduous, semi evergreen, evergreen innumerable small plains in between resulting in human and and hydrophytic plants represents about 1500 species tribal habitation. Thus the isolation and restricted belonging to 176 families of higher plants. Among these distribution of endemic plants might have resulted due to vascular plants one Gymnosperm and 5 Angiosperms are multiple factors such as geographical, ecological, edaphic and endemic. These seven endemic plant species are having high the climatic barriers are much more pronounced. Most of economic and medicinal values and distributed at the these are under commercial exploitation of land by building different altitudes. dams, monoculture and forest plantations have had a devastating effect on the vegetation and natural habitats of The amplitude of these plants got enormously depleted in the region. The southern dry deciduous zone is lying between the past few years due to increasing demand for wood and Seshachalam hills and Madhura hills. The isolated Tirumala plant drugs by local tribals. Hence in the present hills are part of Seshachalam hill range, which has many communication an attempt has been made to familiarise the interesting edaphic and narrow endemic plants. indigenous plant wealth of Tirumala to scientific community and other organisations as they are conservation dependent Tirumala hills are situated between 79°19' to 79°23' E and data deficient. longitude and 13°37 to 13°43' N latitude in Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh, India. The hills are composed of granite ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ Pterocarpus santalinus Syzygium alternifolium 2 EPTRI - ENVIS Newsletter Vol. 9 No.2, 2003 Pimpinella tirupatiensis Shorea tumbuggaia Boswellia ovalifoliolata Threatened Endemic Plants from Eastern Ghats, India Ch. Sudhakar Reddy, K.N. Reddy*, P.R.C. Prasad and V.S. Raju** Forestry & Ecology Division, National Remote Sensing Agency, Balanagar, Hyderabad-37, *Society for Conservation of Natural Resources and Indigenous Knowledge, Dharmavaram, Anantapur-515 672; **Department of Botany, Kakatiya University, Warangal-506 009 ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ The Eastern Ghats are one of the richest floristic and Distr.: Restricted to Puri and Angul forests of Orissa. phytogeographical regions of India. Eastern Ghats are located Note: After Haines (1919) no recent collections between 76 56 and 86 30 E longitudes and 11 30 and 22 are available at CAL. N latitudes. They extend in a north east-south west strike in the Indian Peninsula covering an area of about 70, 000 sq. 2. Andrographis beddomei Clarke (Acanthaceae) km. with an average width of 200 km in the north and 100 Erect herb. km in the south. They extend over a length of 1750 km Distr.: Endemic to Cuddapah (Guvvalacheruvu) and between the rivers Mahanadi and Vaigai along the East coast. Visakhapatnam (Simhachalam) districts of Andhra Pradesh. On the basis of observation of existing literature and Note: Known from two collections only (S.K. Wagh herbarium collections, a short account of threatened endemic 4406 in 1955 at BLAT; R.V. Reddy 8124 in plants of Eastern Ghats was presented here. 1990 at MH and SKU). The present article focuses on about 33 endemic taxa of 3. Andrographis nallamalayana Ellis (Acanthaceae) Eastern Ghats. Of these 12 taxa are known from type A procumbent herb. collection only and 5 taxa are recollected from type locality Distr.: Endemic to Nallamalais of Kurnool district only, 12 species are included under different IUCN threat ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ of Andhra Pradesh. categories (based on Red Data Books on Indian Plants and Note: Known from Ellis collections only. Conservation Assessment and Management Planning (CAMP) workshop 2001, Andhra Pradesh). Each taxon is 4. Argyreia arakuensis Bal. (Convolvulaceae) briefly discussed. A climbing shrub. Distr.: Endemic to Visakhapatnam district (Araku 1. Aglaia haslettiana Haines (Meliaceae) Valley) of Andhra Pradesh. Evergreen tree. Note: It is not collected since its discovery (i.e. after 1961). 3 EPTRI - ENVIS Newsletter Vol. 9 No.2, 2003 ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ Decalepis hamiltonii Hildegardia populifolia ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ Terminalia pallida Pimpinella tirupatiensis 5. Boswellia ovalifoliolata Bal. & Henry (Burseraceae); 8. Ceropegia spiralis Wight (Asclepiadaceae); Vern: Guggilam. Vern: Nimmati Gadda. Medium sized tree. Slender, erect herb with depressed tuber and grass Distr.: Endemic to Chittoor (Tirumala hills), like leaves. Cuddapah and Kurnool districts of Andhra Distr.: Endemic to Peninsular India. Pradesh. (En) Note: In Red Data Book of Indian Plants it was placed under the Vulnerable category. All Ceropegia 6. Brachystelma glabrum Hook.f. (Asclepiadaceae) species are kept under Plants and the Indian Wildlife Erect glabrous herb. (Protection) Act, Schedule II-Part-B and Negative Distr.: Endemic to Cuddapah hills [Hooker.f. list of Export Policy, 1997-2002. (1883), R.H. Beddome (RHB, s.n. MH)] of Andhra Pradesh. 9. Cleome viscosa var. nagarjunakondensis Sund.-Ragh. Note: It was not collected after Beddome (1881) (Cleomaceae) collection. Probably extinct. Erect herb. Distr.: Endemic to Nagarjunakonda valley (Nalgonda 7. Brachystelma volubile Hook.f. (Asclepiadaceae) district), a type locality. Twining, perennial herb, with an underground tuber. Note: After 1964, there are no recent collections Distr.: Endemic to Cuddapah hills [Hooker.f. (1883) available in any herbaria (known from type R.H. Beddome (RHB, s.n. MH)] of Andhra collection only). Pradesh. 10. Chrysopogon velutinus (Hook.f.) Bor. (Poaceae) Note: It was not collected after Beddome’s
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