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Vascular Plant Diversity of Nesamony Memorial Christian College Campus, Marthandam, Tamilnadu, India

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Vascular Plant Diversity of Nesamony Memorial Christian College Campus, Marthandam, Tamilnadu, India Bioscience Discovery, 8(3): 438-454, July - 2017 © RUT Printer and Publisher Print & Online, Open Access, Research Journal Available on http://jbsd.in ISSN: 2229-3469 (Print); ISSN: 2231-024X (Online) Research Article Vascular Plant Diversity of Nesamony Memorial Christian College Campus, Marthandam, Tamilnadu, India S. Sukumaran and S. Jeeva* Department of Botany and Research centre, Nesamony Memorial Christian College, Marthandam, Kanyakumari District,Tamilnadu Department of Botany and Research centre*, Scott Christian College (Autonomous) Nagercoil Kanyakumari District,Tamilnadu *[email protected] Article Info Abstract Received: 07-02-2017, The present study was carried out to document the vascular plant diversity of Revised: 19-04-2017, Nesamony Memorial Christian College campus (NMCC), Marthandam, Accepted: 18-05-2017 Tamilnadu, India. Thecampus harbors 533 plant species belonging to 369 genera and 108 families. Among the plant species, 238 are wild/naturalized, 295 are Keywords: cultivated/ornamental plants. The most diverse families in the campus include Nesamony Memorial Euphorbiaceae (34 species), Fabaceae (29 species), Rubiaceae (26 species), Christian College campus, Acanthaceae and Poaceae(25 species each), Asteraceae (21 species), Plant diversity, Tamilnadu Apocynaceae (19 species), Caesalpinaceae (18 species), Araceae and Malvaceae (16 species each), Amaranthaceae and Verbenaceae (13 species each), Moraceae (12 species), Convolvulaceae (11 species), Mimosaceae, Bignoniaceae and Solanaceae (12 species each), Agavaceae and Cucurbitaceae, (9 species each), Lamiaceae (8 species), Arecaceae, Asclepiadaceae, Capparidaceae, Commenlinaceae, Liliaceae and Nyctaginaceae (7 species each), Myrtaceae (6 species), Amaryllidaceae, Annonaceae, Combretaceae, Menispermaceae, Rutaceae, Scrophulariaceae and Oleaceae (5 species each), whereas 45 families were monospecific.Documentation of plant biodiversity of the colleges is also an essential factor that promotes to evaluate the total biodiversity wealth of any particular place such as town, city, district etc. INTRODUCTION the urban environments is important to determine Urban green space that includes streets existing resources and to set targets for future lined with trees, parks and ‘green’ colleges and improvements (Miller, 1996). Marthandam, a fast- schools plays a vital role in the conservation of the growing urban space in the southernmost district of local environment (Chow and Roth, 2006). Trees of peninsular India, still harbors some patches of the concretized urban environment render food to tropical dry evergreen forests. It is necessary to birds and other city-dwelling animals (Fernandez- document the floristic wealth and also to identify Zuricic, 2000). They act as noise filters, air purifiers those plant species that are in urgent need of and pollutant traps and sequester carbon conservation, as Marthandam city is highly (McPhersonet al., 1997; Beckett et al., 2000). disturbed by habitat alteration. Moreover, before Green spaces with lots of trees need to be created in implementing any conservation strategy it is of cities as they act as ‘lungs’ in an otherwise concrete utmost necessity to understand the existing jungle. Documentation of existing green spaces of vegetation profile and to select the appropriate http://jbsd.in 438 ISSN: 2229-3469 (Print) S. Sukumaran and S. Jeeva species for urban greening. With this background, rainfall and favourable agro-climatic conditions are the present study was intended to assess the responsible for the high species diversity in the untapped floral resources and prepare a floral campus. inventory of NMCC campus, Marthandam, Floristic Survey Tamilnadu, India. The task of inventorying the plant diversity of NMCC campus was undertaken systematically MATERIALS AND METHODS and intensively from July 2012 to April 2013, to Study Area cover most species in flowering and fruiting stages The floristic survey was carried out in about and also to cover various seasons. The flora ~32 acres of NMCC, established in the year 1964, includes all plants growing wild in the natural/semi- and one of the famous institutions of Higher natural environmental in the campus and also learning in Kanyakumari Diocese of the Church of ornamental plants cultivated in the department South India. gardens, and those introduced in the botanical Climate and Soil garden of the Department of Botany. Plant species The climate of Kanyakumari district is were identified using regional floras (Gamble, warm and humid. Rainfall varies from 103 cm to 1921-1935; Mathew, 1991; Nair and Henry,1983; 310 cm, and elevation from sea level to 1829 m Henry et al.,1987; 1989). For all documented above sea level. Gneissic rocks are predominant in species the binomial and author citation were this region. The soil is red, varying in the quantity checked thoroughly with IPNI (International Plant of ferruginous element. Names Index). Well-preserved specimens with Campus Biodiversity voucher numbers were deposited in the Herbarium The scenic college campus harbours native of the Department of Botany and Research Centre, tropical vegetation, coconut groves and plantations; Nesamony Memorial Christian College, there are still portions of the campus with native Marthandam, Tamilnadu, India. vegetation of tropical dry evergreen forest, tropical dry evergreen scrub, scrub savannah and thorn RESULTS forests. The campus plant wealth and biodiversity is A total of 533 plant species which include augmented by the plant wealth in the arboretum. 524 angiosperms and 9 Gymnosperms were The arboretum is endowed with some of the rare, enumerated from the NMCC campus. The 533 plant endemic and endangered plants of the Western species (including angiosperms and gymnosperms) Ghats. The medicinal garden has a large number of belonged to 369 genera and 108 families. medicinal plants. The varied topography, moderate Figure 1.Classification of angiosperm taxa of the study area. http://biosciencediscovery.com 439 ISSN: 2231-024X (Online) Bioscience Discovery, 8(3): 438-454, July - 2017 Among the plant species, 238 are wild/naturalized, each), Amaranthaceae and Verbenaceae (13 species 295 are cultivated/ornamental plants. Of the 108 each), Moraceae (12 species), Convolvulaceae (11 families, 102 belonged to angiosperms and 6 were species), Mimosaceae, Bignoniaceae and gymnosperms (Araucariaceae, Casuarinaceae, Solanaceae(12 species each), Agavaceaeand Cupressaceae, Cycadaceae, Pinaceae and Cucurbitaceae, (9 species each), Lamiaceae (8 Zamiaceae). Of these, angiosperm was the most species), Arecaceae, Asclepiadaceae, dominant with 524 taxa belonging to 361 genera Capparidaceae, Commenlinaceae, Liliaceaeand and 102 families. Gymnosperms (9 taxa) were Nyctaginaceae (7 species each), Myrtaceae (6 represented in the study area. Among angiosperms, species), Amaryllidaceae, dicotyledons were represented by Annonaceae,Combretaceae, Menispermaceae, 79 families, 289 genera and 419 species; Rutaceae, Scrophulariaceae andOleaceae(5 species monocotyledons by 23 families, 74 genera and each), whereas 45 families were monospecific. 105 species (Figure 1); Gymnosperms by 6 For all the enumerated wild and naturalized families, 8 genera and 9species. plant species, information such as botanical name, The most diverse families in the campus family and habit are provided. Contribution of include Euphorbiaceae (34 species), Fabaceae (29 herbaceous plants to total diversity is the maximum, species), Rubiaceae (26 species), Poaceae (25 i.e. 204 species (38%), followed by shrubby plants- species),Acanthaceae (24 species), Asteraceae (21 139 species (26%), trees-126species (24%) and species), Apocynaceae (19 species), Caesalpinaceae climbers including creeping plants- 64 species (18 species), Araceae and Malvaceae (16 species (12%)(Figure 2). Figure 2.Habitwise distribution of plant species in NMCC campus. A large number of exotic flora were reported from document global biodiversity in the face of the campus of NMCC which include Acacia unprecedented perturbations, habitat loss and nilotica,Ageratum conyzoides, Annonasquamosa, extinction rates. The present study suggests that the Asparagus racemosus, Bauhinia purpurea, Cassia campus of NMCCis rich in natural vascular flora, occidentalis, Chenopodium album, Clitoriaternatea, though the floristic composition is dominated by Crotolariamedicaginea, Croton sparsiflorus, etc. angiosperms. Recent studies on the flora of The campus ofNesamony Memorial Christian Pondicherry University Campus (Parthasarathy et Collegehas several artificial ponds and pools which al., 2012), Scott Christian College Campus (Brintha support aquatic plants like Nympheaalba, N. et al., 2012; 2015a; 2015b) and Bharathiar stellata, Nelumbo nucifera, Limnophila University Campus (Rajendran et al., 2014) heterophylla, Pistiastratiotes, Eichornia crassipes, suggested that the floristic composition is Hydrilla verticillata, Vallisnaria spiralis and dominated by angiospermic plants. Geographical Monochoria vaginalis. distribution of the plant species reveals that flora of Discussion American origin (exotic species) dominate the Studies of biodiversity have now assumed exotic floristic composition of NMCC campus. greater significance as ecologists try desperately to Other studies also suggest the dominance of the http://jbsd.in 440 ISSN: 2229-3469 (Print) S. Sukumaran and S. Jeeva Table 1. Plant Species Recorded in the Study Area. Sl.No Botanical Name Family Habit Class 1 Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench Malvaceae
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