KE N TA RC H A E O LO G I C A LS O C I E T Y

newnewIssue number 61ss ll ee tt tt ee Summerrr 2004 Inside ANCIENT BURIALS 2-3 St Margaret’s Bay Stone Road Library notes 4-5 AT ST MARGARET’S Cod Brass, Allen he Archaeolog- part of the plot. In 1920 this associated with the original bar- Grove,Train Stops & ical Trust has just completed barrow was partially levelled to row. Excavations in May and June Sittingbourne LHRG excavations, ahead of new make way for a new tennis court 2004 showed that other remains 6-7 building work, on land at in the garden of Sir Johnston still survived. Lectures, Courses, Bay Hill, St Margaret’s-at- Fo r b e s - Robertson, a famous No traces of the prehistoric bar- Conferences & Events Cliffe. The site lies on the actor of the day. During the row mound remained but almost 8-9 summit of a chalk ridge, construction of the tennis court, the complete eastern half of the overlooking the English Channel, the workmen discovered six barrow’s enclosing ring-ditch was Notice Board near Dover. Very particular interest extended inhumation burials, located. This is estimated to have 10-11 attached to the site from the outset fairly certainly of Anglo-Saxon been about 22 metres in diameter. ‘Ideas & Ideals’ because a substantial Bronze Age date, together with an earlier Articles on the Net round barrow had once occupied crouched burial, most probably continued on page 2 ALSF 12-13 New Books St Barnabas’ 14-15 Letters to the Editor LHIGrants Maidstone Roman Villa 16 KASShow

General view of the site looking towards the sea.

Summer 2004 www.kentarchaeology.org.uk 1 continued from page 1

Trenches cut through the ring-ditch showed it to be between 1.05 and 1.70 metres wide and up to 1.15 metres deep. Although the lower COASTAL levels of the ditch were almost totally devoid of EXCAVATIONS finds, the brown loam KENT COASTAL filling in the top of the ditch produced a EXCAVATIONS significant quantity of KENT COASTAL prehistoric struck flint, together with some pre- EXCAVATIONS historic pottery, animal KENT COASTAL bone and marine shell. EXCAVATIONS At total of eight A n g l o - S a xon graves KENT COASTAL (Graves 1-8) was EXCAVATIONS revealed outside the bar- row ditch. These all con- KENT COASTAL tained extended inhuma- EXCAVATIONS tions, aligned west-east. gullies, suggesting that they had A view of the ring-ditch, clearly visible. Characteristic Anglo-Saxon iron once themselves been covered KENT COASTAL knives were recovered from four of with small barrows. The skull of a ring-ditch or lay just outside it. EXCAVATIONS them but there were few other probable female contained within They had all been placed in a grave goods. The distribution of Grave 6 showed evidence of an crouched or contracted position - KENT COASTAL the Anglo-Saxon graves appears unusual medical condition. three were lying on their right EXCAVATIONS fairly even and consists of three The discovery of no less than sides and two others were prone. KENT COASTAL rows of widely spaced graves, gen- six contracted inhumations None contained any datable grave erally set about 5 metres apart. (Graves 9-14), apparently all of goods. EXCAVATIONS None had been disturbed in the prehistoric date, represented an Trust members are now KENT COASTAL recent past and it seems clear that unexpected find and clearly undertaking a close study of the these are not to be counted implies that the barrow site had evidence recorded and a detailed EXCAVATIONS amongst those graves identified in acted as a focus for Bronze Age report will be produced in due KENT COASTAL 1920. Graves 6 and 7 on the east- (and perhaps Iron Age) activity. course. ern side of the Bronze Age monu- All these graves had either been Keith Parfitt EXCAVATIONS ment were enclosed by small ring- cut into the filling of the barrow Canterbury Archaeological Trust KENT COASTAL EXCAVATIONS KENT COASTAL grain may have been processed at EXCAVATIONS the site ready for milling. KENT COASTAL STONE ROAD, BROADSTAIRS Detailed analysis of the build- ing and finds are at an early stage EXCAVATIONS he Trust for Thanet industrial process that was carried and there is more to discover from KENT COASTAL Archaeology has discovered out within the building. A frag- the records and artefacts about the and excavated a small ment of a large millstone, possibly history of the building. EXCAVATIONS cellared Roman building from a mechanical mill, and sever- Archaeological sites dating KENT COASTAL near Stone Road, North al fragments from hand querns from the Bronze and Iron Ages Foreland, Broadstairs. were found and it appears that have been excavated recently in EXCAVATIONS This is an the North Foreland area KENT COASTAL area where finds and the discovery of a of Roman material Roman building nearby EXCAVATIONS have been made in adds another layer to our KENT COASTAL the past, but few understanding of this EXCAVATIONS sites of the period area and Thanet’s past. have been excavated Although the building has KEEXCAVATIONS by modern methods. now been reburied it will The building lies be preserved for future on the northern generations to investigate slope of a valley and further. is constructed on a deep layer of hill- Ges Moody wash containing Deputy Director Iron Age and Early Trust for Thanet Archaeology Roman finds. A group of clay hearths found in the chalk floor of the building The Roman building under are evidence of an excavation. summer 2004 2 FROM THE LIBRARY OF THE LATE LI B R A RY NOTES JOHN BUTCHER Library Volunteers have completed work on We are most grateful to Mrs. Mary Butcher for some 200 of the Hussey files of genealogical infor- donating to the KAS library the following books and mation on Kentish families, and each file now has pamphlets from the library of her late husband, Mr. John a list of contents, to assist the researcher. A start Butcher, a valued member of KAS for many years and a LIBRARY is being made on the Hussey files on Kentish loca- volunteer in the KAS library, assisting in the indexing of NOTES tions with particular reference to families associ- Visual Records. ated with the location. We hope that work on LIBRARY these files will be completed before the end of the Shell book of Cottages. (Richard Ford.) NOTES year, and appropriate reference to them will then be posted on kentarchaeology.ac website. Addition to A Thousand years of the English Parish. (Anthea Jones). LIBRARY the website of the index of the Gordon Ward files Maidstone Official Charter Brochure. NOTES on Kentish locations proceeds and has reached LIBRARY letter L. The use of the website facility for the pub- Archbishops Palace Heritage Centre Maidstone. lication of articles on Kent history and archaeolo- NOTES gy is increasing, and in future the site is to be used Village Records. (John West). LIBRARY by the KAS Publications Committee for the publi- cation, where appropriate, of articles and books The Parish Chest. (W.E.Tate). NOTES sponsored by the Committee. The website itself is LIBRARY about to undergo a make-over, partly in order to Tracing the History of Villages. (Trevor Yorke). be able to manage and accommodate with greater NOTES The Voices of Morebath. (Eamon Duffy). ease its increasing use. LIBRARY Field Work in Local History. (W.G.Hoskins). For the History and Archaeology Show on NOTES June 5, the Library housed displays by KA S Life in Kent at the turn of the Century. (Michael LIBRARY Committees on their work —— Pu b l i c a t i o n s , Winstanley). NOTES Education, Field Works, Place Names and Library Committees. The Library Committee, a selection Geology of the Country Round Maidstone. (HMSO). LIBRARY of rare books on Kent, and journals from other NOTES regional and national history and archaeology The Wealden District. (HMSO Regional Geography). LIBRARY societies were exhibited, together with a montage Rural Rides. (William Cobbett). of visual images of Kentish buildings and loca- NOTES tions from our extensive collection. The displays The Making Of Charles Dickens. (Christopher Hibbert). were well appreciated by the visitors, and the LIBRARY Publications stall in particular was well favoured Maidstone and Chatham Tramways. (R.J.Harley). NOTES in its sale of KAS publications. The Churchyard Handbook. LIBRARY NOTES Iron Industry of the Weald. (Henry Cleare and David NEW ACQUISITIONS Crossland). LIBRARY NOTES APRIL-JUNE 2004 Hops and Hop Picking. (Richard Filmer). LIBRARY The Encircling Hop. History of Hops and Brewing. (Margaret Lawrence). NOTES Baden Württemberg; Materiel Hefte fur LIBRARY Archaeologie No. 65 (2004). Yalding Manor Record 1334-6. Bygone Kent. Vol.25 Nos. 4, 5, and 6. NOTES Yalding. Orpington Field Club Annual Report 2003. LIBRARY Greater London Archaeology Quarterly Re v i e w Marden. A Wealden Village. NOTES March 2004. LIBRARY Bulletin Archaeologique Liegoise CXI 2000 (2002). History of Chart Sutton. NOTES Zuidoost Vlaanderen Bijdragen VIII (2002). History of Bearsted and Thurnham. Place Names of Shropshire P.4. LIBRARY Northamptonshire Archaeology Vol. 30 (2002). History of the Mote Cricket Club. NOTES ; History at the Horsebridge. (Geoffrey Carshalton. From Medieval Manor to London Suburb. LIBRARY Pike) (T. Osborn). Video; The Beauty of the East Kent Countryside and NOTES its Churches. (Brian Maxted ). Mid Victorian Tonbridge. (C.W.Chalklin). Bonner Jahrbuch Band 200 (2003) Records of Buckinghamshire Vol. 24 (2004) Maidstone to Ashford Railway. 1870-1884. Bede Clerks Roll Vol. 39 , 1 and 2. Richborough and . (E.H. 1987). Derbyshire Archaeological Journal Vol. 124 (2004). Story of Wye Crown. Maidstone Guide. 5th Edition. Archaeometry Vol.46 P.2. Maidstone Grammar School. History of the Church of St. Michael and All Saints, Throwley. (John Owen.). Boxley. Story of an English Parish. Summer 2004 3 THE COD BRASS: 15th CENTURY RECYCLING IN THE COD BRASS: 15TH CENTURY A ROCHESTER CHURCH RECYCLING IN A ROCHESTER Congratulations to Mr his (spiritual} enemy. May eternal life the brass :- CHURCH Alan Moss from Rochester, the be the reward of all his holy works. “ was to represent Thomas Cod in winner of the Churches The enigmatic reference to his processional vestments, which consist - THE COD Committee Competition. His having repaired the belfry when in ed of (1) Cassock, (2) Surplice, (3) BRASS: 15TH winning entry appears below. a very bad state or ‘in the worst Almuce (a hood of fur, worn by digni - times’ leaves us uncertain as to taries from which came the college CENTURY what he really did. The reference hood), and (4) Cope. The engraver RECYCLING IN he subject of this short to ‘the worst time’ may have made a mistake and instead of the essay is not puzzling, nor referred to the state of the nation, almuce or hood of fur, engraved the A ROCHESTER particularly bizarre (to use rather than the condition of the Amice, which is one of the Eucharistic CHURCH the words of the invitation) belfry itself. Whatever is meant, vestments. So the engraver merely THE COD but it is, we like to think, evidence suggests that the tower turned it over and engraved the dress somewhat unusual and its was completely rebuilt. The tower correctly on the back.” BRASS: 15TH survival somewhat remarka b l e . is, in fact, the only part of the One can only imagine the fuss CENTURY For reasons which will emerge, it medieval church which survived which must have erupted when, could be described as an example the rebuilding, in the classical having no doubt paid a princely RECYCLING IN of 15th century recycling. style, between 1823 and 1840. sum for it, those who commis- A ROCHESTER In addition to its ancient It was during the later stages sioned the brass then found it to Cathedral, this year celebrating its of the rebuilding that the brass - contain a fundamental error in its CHURCH 14th centenary, the City and which had lain in the middle aisle representation of their beloved THE COD Liberty of Rochester once had four - was disturbed. It was first the priest. One may also suppose that parish churches of ancient foun- object of a clumsy attempt to take an argument probably ensued as BRASS: 15TH dation: St Clement, St Nicholas a cast in lead. This resulted in to who was responsible and who CENTURY (Rochester), St Nicholas (Strood) the head being torn away from should bear the cost of rectifying RECYCLING IN and St Margaret. Of these, St the body, which remained in situ. it: the engraver or he who Clement has long gone, its last The detached head was taken into instructed the engraver. There A ROCHESTER vestiges disappearing under 19th the care of the then incumbent, being no money for a wholly new CHURCH century railway works and St the Rev’d Mr Drage. On close brass, a compromise was reached, Nicholas (Rochester) now serves inspection it was found to be the original was turned over, a THE COD as the offices of the diocese. St engraved on the reverse side as new engraving executed - correct BRASS: 15TH Nicholas (Strood) and St well as the face. Careful cleaning this time, much to everyone’s Margaret are happily still fully revealed the head of a cleric in a relief. The brass was set in place, CENTURY functioning, both having been r e m a r kably pristine condition the error was covered up and for- RECYCLING IN almost completely rebuilt in the some 400 years after its manufac- gotten, not to see the light of day A ROCHESTER early years of the 19th century. It ture. Permission was given for the again for 400 years. is to St Margaret’s that we look rest of the brass to be removed The Cod brass is happily still in CHURCH for the object of the recycling to and the whole - by now in three the possession of what has since THE COD which I refer. It is in fact a small pieces - was found to be a repre- become the Parish of St Peter with brass, measuring about 16 inches sentation of a priest wearing the St Margaret in Ro c h e s t e r. The BRASS: 15TH by 11 and commemorating the life vestments of his day. The mystery hinged frame in which it was CENTURY and ministry of one Thomas Cod, remained as to why such an placed so that both sides could be Vicar of the said parish between apparently perfect specimen seen, is still in place in St RECYCLING IN 1448 and 1465. The inscription should have lain concealed from Margaret’s Church. But the brass A ROCHESTER which accompanies it translates view for so many centuries. is not there; it has become as follows :- The brass was restored by a Mr extremely fragile, its fragility CHURCH Here lies a victim of death, he who S J Carlos. He replaced certain exacerbated, no doubt, by its 19th was once called the Reverend Thomas parts which had been lost, black- century adventures. To prevent Cod, the beloved and pious Vicar of this ened the lines of the brass and further deterioration it has been Church: for he rendered great service to filled parts of the priest’s apparel removed to a safer place. Let us this Church of Christ, and repaired the with red wax, presumably having hope that in due course further belfry when in a very bad state (or ‘in noted traces of red wax used by repair or stabilisation can be car- the worst times’). This T. C. dies in the the maker. ried out and it may once again year 1465 in the month of November, Writing about the Cod brass in adorn our church. It is curious to on the anniversary of the Martyrdom 1907, the Rev’d Walter E think that, but for a careless mis- of Saturninus [November 29th]. O do Buckland, Vicar of East Malling, take in the 15th century, the Cod Thou, Oh Jesus, have mercy on him, O gave as his opinion that the brass may well have passed com- holy Andrew Bring him trophies from intention of those who ordered pletely into oblivion by now.

Summer 2004 4 TH EH I S T O R I C A LR E S E A R C H GR O U PO FS I T T I N G B O U R N E ittingbourne has a new per annum for a single member levels of research and its mem- RESEARCH local history society, ‘The and £20 for a family. For this, bers will be encouraged to get GROUP, Historical Research Group members will receive a monthly actively involved in the Groups’ HISTORY of Sittingbourne’. The newsletter (the first of which has activities. The Group does not Group was inaugurated just appeared), have access to portray itself purely as a research FUND & following the interest gen- e xclusive courses offered at organization but as a rescue SPECIAL erated by the decision to demol- reduced costs, four lectures and organisation as well, to help pre- ish the Plough public house in eight social evenings per year, serve the town’s heritage. STOPS East Street. It was noticed from family-orientated events, organ- For further information and RESEARCH public reaction that a renewed ised field trips and opportunities details please contact Alan Abbey interest was being taken in the to assist in larger scale research on the Group’s dedicated phone GROUP, town’s heritage. projects. line, 01795 553608. HISTORY Membership fee will be £15 The Group will embrace all John Clancy FUND & SPECIAL STOPS RESEARCH TH EA L L E NG R O V EL O C A LH I S T O RY FUND GROUP, HISTORY he Allen Grove Local book which will be on a 1481 sur- The next grants will be made History Fund has made vey of the Manor of Hadlow. in about June next year. FUND & four grants this year, three Goudhurst and Kilndown Local Application forms for grants can SPECIAL to local societies and one History Society’s grant was to buy be obtained from the Hon. to an individual. materials for storage of docu- General Secretary and the STOPS The individual was Mrs ments in its archive and applications must reach him by RESEARCH Kate Kersey for research for a Shoreham and District Historical 31st March. The trustees are con- GROUP, book on the communities of the Society received its grant for oral sidering commissioning a book villages of Bearsted and history research into the village on the history of local history HISTORY Thurnham. Hadlow Historical in the Second World War. The societies and details of this are in FUND & Society also received a grant for a total awarded was £950. a separate note on page 8. SPECIAL STOPS RESEARCH GROUP, TR A I NS T O P SF O RK A SM E M B E R S HISTORY KAS member Susan Pittman account of the KAS AGM held at Some of the members, and a FUND & recently came across this charm- Eynsford in the Chronicle and large section of the party, ing piece of information. She District Times of 3 August 1909 (I including Lord Northbourne, and SPECIAL writes: think this is the Dartford several members of the STOPS “There was a whole large page Chronicle, but this is not written Council, were two hours late in at the top of the page). The article arriving’. RESEARCH contained some lovely pen and I can’t think that the train GROUP, ink drawings. Towards the end would stop for a group of KAS of the account my attention Members today!” HISTORY was caught by the following: ‘The Susan Pittman FUND & 5.50 express was SPECIAL specially stopped at Eynsford for STOPS the conveyance of the party to M a i d s t o n e , where the annu- al dinner of the Society was held at the Star Hotel in the evening, under the presi- dency of Lord N o r t h b o u r n e .

Summer 2004 5 Le c t u res, Conferences, Courses and Events

KAS EVENTS COURSES

LECTURES, Churches Committee Outing Study for a Certificate in Archaeology! CONFERENCES, Saturday 18 September If you are interested in archaeology deepen your knowl- COURSES AND You are invited to visit the two churches of Barfreston and edge and understanding of the subject through study on . We meet at Barfreston at 1.45 for 2pm. the University of Kent’s well-established Certificate in EVENTS Tour £2 (£1 for students), £1 for tea (at Womenswold). Archaeology. LECTURES, Please return the enclosed booking form by 11 September Courses include an introduction to archaeological method, or phone 01622 871945. prehistoric Britain, Roman Britain and Ancient Egypt. CONFERENCES, There are places available on the Certificate at both the COURSESAND Canterbury Campus and the University Centre at Tonbridge, starting at the end of September 2004. The pro- EVENTS New Perspectives on Four Kent Towns gramme is taught on a part-time basis, one evening a week LECTURES, Saturday 16 October at Charing Barn, beside Charing over two years. parish Church. No formal entry qualifications are necessary; you need CONFERENCES, 10.30am for 11am start. demonstrate only interest, enthusiasm and aptitude. COURSESAND This event replaces the traditional KAS 3 short If you complete the Certificate you can then consider pro- EVENTS excursions. Four expert speakers will contribute: gressing to a Diploma and Degree in Archaeological Keith Parfitt ~ Early Dover Studies should you wish. LECTURES, Sarah Pearson ~ Faversham and Sandwich Why not ask for more information? CONFERENCES, Ken McGoverin ~ The History and Industrial Archaeology Contact the Information and Guidance Unit, the Registry, of Northfleet University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NZ tel: 0800 9753777 COURSES AND Liz Finn ~ An Outline History of Maidstone email: [email protected] EVENTS Cost £5.00 per person. Morning coffee and afternoon tea are included in the price; lunch can be obtained in Charing LECTURES, or a packed lunch eaten in the Barn. Further enquiries to CONFERENCES, the Hon.Excursions Secretary, Joy Saynor, tel: 01959 University of Kent/Sussex Past Training Excavations COURSES AND 522713 or email: [email protected]. Bishopstone, East Sussex 9 August-18 Sept 2004 To book please return the booking form within this Following the appointment of Sussex Archaeological EVENTS Newsletter. Society’s research officer, Dr Gabor Thomas, to a lecture- LECTURES, ship at the University of Kent, the University is collaborat- ing with Sussex Past in order to allow the completion of a CONFERENCES, long-term project at Bishopstone, Sussex, investigating vil- COURSES AND KASChristmas Lunch lage origins, as part of its programme of developing the Saturday 27 November at the Hall of Wye College. University’s involvement in field archaeology. EVENTS Details and booking form in the Autumn issue. The second and final season of the excavation element of LECTURES, the project this summer will target early medieval build- ings and occupation identified in the shadow of an Anglo- CONFERENCES, Saxon church in the very heart of Bishopstone. COURSESAND 5-day training courses run through the period of the exca- OTHER EVENTS FROM AROUND EVENTS vation and cost £180, covering all aspects of archaeological THE COUNTY fieldwork including: geophysics, surveying using To t a l LECTURES, Station, excavation techniques, site planning and context CONFERENCES, recording, standing building recording, finds processing, and environmental sampling. COURSESAND CONFERENCES Places limited to 10 per week. Camping facilities provid- EVENTS ed. Numerous B&Bs in the area. It is also possible to participate as a volunteer. LECTURES, Council for Kentish Archaeology For application forms write to: Alison Lawrence, Barbican CONFERENCES, Celebrating 40 years of Archaeological Discoveries in House, 169 High Street, Lewes BN7 1YE tel: Mon-Thur: Kent on Saturday 6 November, 2-5.30pm 01273 405730; email: [email protected] COURSESAND Canterbury Christ Church University College Email application forms and a 2003 Interim Report can be EVENTS Illustrated talks: accessed at: http://www.sussexpast.co.uk The Discovery of the Roman Religious Town at Springhead Victor The Sussex Archaeological Society is an IFA Registered Smith Organisation. Excavating the Roman Forts at Dover and Reculver Brian Philp Presentation workshops with finds and plans, led by: Orpington & District Archaeological Society, Springhead LECTURES E xcavation Group, Lower Medway Archaeological Research Group, Upchurch Archaeological Re s e a r c h Horton Kirby & South Darenth Local History Society Group, Dover Archaeological Group, Bromley and West 13 September Kent Archaeological Group. The Life of Edward Hasted Shirley Black Tickets £4, available from CKA, 7 Sandy Ridge, Borough 8 November Green TN15 8HP. Cheques payable to CKA. Further infor- A Roman re-enactor Leslie Allman mation available on www. t h e - c ka.fsnet.co.uk, or from Both on Monday at 8pm in the Village Hall, South Darenth. Conference Organiser, Ruth Plummer tel: 0208 7777872 email: [email protected] Summer 2004 6 Farningham & Eynsford Local History Society by ticket only – please send a s.a.e. stating which day is 17 September (Eynsford Hall) required to ODAS, 27 Eynsford Close, Petts Wood BR5 1DP. The Anglo-Saxon Jutes in Kent Andrew Richardson 12 November (Farningham Hall) A Journey along the River Cray Denise Baldwin EVENTS ELSEWHERE Both at 8pm.

Sussex Archaeological Society Conference in association EVENTS with the Centre for Continuing Education, University of LECTURES, Sussex S a xon Sussex: Six Centuries, on Saturday 11 CONFERENCES, National Archaeology Days 2004 This annual event will September COURSES AND be held over the weekend of 17 & 18 July. A full listing of Burial & settlement in the South Saxon kingdom: the 5th to 8th events can be found on the Council for British centuries Sarah Semple EVENTS Archaeology’s website at www.britarch.ac.uk. Grave assemblages in Anglo-Saxon cemeteries: a reconsideration LECTURES, Jane Brenan Saturday 17 July 10.30am-4pm. National Archaeology Darkness into light: construction of Saxon churches in Sussex CONFERENCES, Days event at the ‘Boot Fair’ field, Haine Road, Ramsgate Robert Hutchinson COURSES AND (adjacent to the Lord of the Manor roundabout). Thanet Pattern & process in Anglo-Saxon settlement Judie English EVENTS Archaeological Society invite you to see displays, to try New Light on Later Anglo-Saxon settlement in Sussex: Bishopstone ‘hands-on’ archaeology including the chance to dig, sur- excavations 2002-4 Gabor Thomas LECTURES, veying, metal detecting, finds identification. Landscape & Early Medieval settlement in the western Sussex CONFERENCES, Weald Diana Chatwin Life & Death in Saxon Kent Fishing & trade in Sussex, AD900-1100 Mark Gardiner COURSES AND Sunday 18 July 11am-4.30pm. National Archaeology EVENTS Days event in the Museum of Kent Life, Cobtree, Fee £25 per person inclusive of conference booklet, morn- Maidstone. ing & afternoon tea/coffee. Lunch not included. Booking LECTURES, North Downs Young Archaeologists’ invite you to a family information from Lorna Gartside, Barbican House, 169 CONFERENCES, fun day! All children under 16 go free. Julian Richards High Street, Lewes BN7 1YE tel: 01273 405737 email: (Meet the Ancestors) talking about TV archaeology and [email protected] COURSESAND facial reconstruction, Regia Anglorum Saxon re-enact- or book online at www.sussexpastshop.co.uk EVENTS ment, ‘make&do’ activity stalls and games, artefacts of the LECTURES, period for handling and food for tasting, finds ID and an exhibition of local history and archaeology groups. A day CONFERENCES, out for everyone from 3 to 103. The Sutton Hoo Society Conference 2004 on Saturday COURSESAND 16 October, 9am-5.30pm Anglo-Saxon Landscapes: Real and Imaginary EVENTS The Royal Hospital School, Holbrook near Ipswich LECTURES, Finds Identification Andrew Richardson, Finds Liaison Officer for Kent, will be Chaired by Professor Martin Carver (Uni of York) & Angela CONFERENCES, in attendance to identify and record finds: Care Evans (Brit Mus) COURSES AND Thursday 5 August at Dartford Museum 1-4pm Speakers: EVENTS Wednesday 11 September at Cranbrook Museum (provi- Dr Andrew Rogerson (Norfolk Museums Service) sional, time to be finalised) Prof. Peter Fowler (Prof Emeritus Newcastle Uni) LECTURES, Dr Helena Hamerow (Uni of Oxford) CONFERENCES, Prof David Dumville (Girton Coll, Cambridge) John Newman (Archaeological Services Suffolk County COURSES AND Heritage Open Days at St.Barnabas Church, Council) EVENTS Tunbridge Wells Dr Tom Williamson (Uni of East Anglia) Saturday 11 September from 9am-2pm Price (lunch included), Soc members £17.50, non-mem- LECTURES, Guided tours at 11am & 1pm bers £20.00, students £10.00 CONFERENCES, Sunday 12 September from 2-6pm Contact The Treasurer, Sutton Hoo Society, 2 Meadowside, Guided tours at 3 & 5pm Wickham Market, Woodbridge, Suffolk IP13 0UD COURSES AND Monday 13 September from 10am-4pm EVENTS Guided tour at 11am. LECTURES, Exhibition of maps, photos, drawings of church & parish, plus records of St Barnabas School and Parish records. A Council for British Archaeology South-East in association CONFERENCES, short article on the Church can be found on page 13. with the Centre for Continuing Education, University of COURSESAND Sussex. The Cinque Ports: Archaeology and Heritage on EVENTS Saturday 13 November. Orpington & District Archaeological Society Speakers include: Open Days at the Excavations at Scadbury Moated Keith Parfitt - Dover, Andrew Butcher - Hythe, Gill Draper M a n o r, Chislehurst, Saturday 11 September & & Frank Meddens - New Ro m n e y, Peter Marsden - Sunday 12 September from 2-4.30pm Hastings, David Martin - Winchelsea, Helen Clarke – multi- A self-guided trail around the excavations at this medieval disciplinary projects at Sandwich & Rye. Gustav Milne will moated manor site, showing current work as well as the provide an Introduction & Summing Up. Conference remains of the foundations of the buildings associated with chaired by David Rudling. the Walsingham family. The island is still completely sur- Event also includes the CBA SE AGM. rounded by water. Members of ODAS will be on hand to For further details or application form please send A5 s.a.e. answer any questions. to David Morriss, CCE, Arts E201, University of Sussex, Admission free. Park in St Pauls Wood Hill and take the Falmer, Brighton, E.Sussex BN1 9QQ. public footpath between house numbers 12 & 14. Alternatively, limited car parking is available close to the site continued on page 10 Summer 2004 7 A HISTORY OF ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING LOCAL HISTORY SOCIETIES The AGM seems to attract elected. Prof. David Killingray around 60 members, a distinct and Anita Thompson retired from NOTICE improvement on the occasion a the Council. BOARD With the approach of the few years ago when it had to be Dr Spain, Chairman of Society’s 150th anniversary postponed because not enough the Library & Muniments NOTICE in 2007, the Trustees of the attended to form a quorum! Committee, gave a presentation BOARD Allen Grove Local History Hopefully the policy of holding on the work of the Committee NOTICE Fund are considering com- the meeting in a limited number assisted by the Hon. Librarian, Dr missioning a history of local of central locations, alternately Frank Panton. No doubt some BOARD archaeological, antiquarian in east and west Kent, having a members were surprised by the NOTICE and history Societies in Kent lecture in the afternoon and, scope of its responsibilities which up to 1914. The Trustees will more recently, a presentation by include not only the library but BOARD welcome any views on one of the committees, is prov- also the Society’s archives and NOTICE the merits of this proposal ing popular. paintings, its collection of arti- and how it should be The meeting took place at facts in Maidstone Museum and BOARD approached. Christ Church University the web sites. NOTICE A person or organisation College, Canterbury on the 15th In the afternoon Jill Eddison will be needed to carry out May. Before and after the meet- gave members and guests a fasci- BOARD the research and write the ing members could look at dis- nating illustrated lecture on the NOTICE text. The Trustees are look- plays by local societies and oth- history of Romney Marsh. She BOARD ing for a volunteer or sugges- ers, such as KCC Heritage covered how it emerged from the tions of someone suitable Conservation Group and stalls waters of the English Channel NOTICE who may be able to under- selling books. and its communities developed, BOARD take this. All the Officers were re- as well as other aspects of its his- The Fund will pay the out elected and the elections to the tory and concluded with a NOTICE of pocket expenses involved Council saw Denis Anstey, Pat description of some of the BOARD in the research and arrange Harlow and Dr Bob Spain re- research undertaken there. publication. The detailed NOTICE arrangements will be negoti- BOARD ated with the person chosen to undertake the work. ANNUAL KAS SUMMER EXCURSION NOTICE Anyone interested in BOARD undertaking the work, or This year’s mid-June excursion to Dorset was attended by 23 NOTICE who wishes to make any members from all parts of Kent. They studied, in Wessex, a range suggestions, is invited to of sites dating from the Iron Age (Maiden and Poundbury Castles) BOARD write to the Hon. Secretary, to the early 20th century (Thomas Hardy’s last home, Max Gate). NOTICE Mr A.I. Moffat at Three Elms, Woodlands Lane, Examples from the intervening centuries included the site of the BOARD Shorne, Gravesend, DA 1 2 brutal murder of an Anglo-Saxon King, one of the best presented NOTICE 3HH or email him at secre- Henrican coastal castles, as well as Corfe (considerably ‘knocked ta r y @ ke n t a r c h a e o l o g y. o r g . u k about’ by Cromwell) and a classic country house, Kingston Lacy. BOARD by the 1st December 2004. Next June we propose to visit Cumbria. NOTICE Joy Saynor BOARD NOTICE ABBEY FARM EXCAVATION BOARD NOTICE BOARD The KAS, in conjunction with the Trust for Thanet Archaeology, will be holding an eighth season of NOTICE excavation at Abbey Farm, near Ramsgate. Settlement here spans from prehistoric times through to the Anglo Saxon period. As most members know, the site is dominated by a large Roman Villa complex. Work will BOARD commence on Sunday August 15 2004 and continue for two weeks. NOTICE The excavation is open to people aged 16 years and above. Participants can attend for the two week period or for one of either weeks. BOARD Registration fee for members of the KAS or the Thanet Archaeological Society is £35 for one week (non NOTICE members £50) or £50 for two weeks (non members £70). For enrolment or further details please contact: BOARD Chris Pout, Sunnydene, Boyden Gate Corner, Marshside, Nr. Canterbury CT3 4EE. Tel: 01227 860207

Summer 2004 You and Your Society 8 KAS COMMITTEE ROUND-UP

serious problem with damp. No such NB. All borrowed equipment must CHURCHES problems are apparent today and a be collected and returned by the recipi- NOTICE COMMITTEE quite fascinating afternoon was ent. Before collection, the recipient must BOARD agree the date of return. rounded off by a steaming cup of tea. NOTICE Visit to Crundale and Godmersham Sue Petrie BOARD Churches on 24 April PUBLICATIONS The winning entry in the NOTICE Almost seventy people assembled Churches Committee Competition COMMITTEE on a gloriously sunny spring afternoon can be read on page 4. BOARD outside St. Mary’s Church, Crundale NOTICE and were greeted by Mr Les Cameron, The Committee last met on Saturday a churchwarden, with a welcome that FIELDWORK 12 June and will next meet on Saturday 9 BOARD matched the warmth of the day. In a O c t o b e r. Consideration is still being NOTICE relaxed and open manner Mr Cameron COMMITTEE given as to how best to celebrate the soon revealed the geography of the 150th anniversary of the Society in 2007. BOARD parish and the antiquity of the site on Over recent years the Society has At the Society’s June History & NOTICE which the church stands, close by a purchased an array of tools and instru- Archaeology Show £217 were realized prehistoric trackway. Our initial reluc- ments for use on excavations and geo- from the sale of 31 past publications. The BOARD tance to quit the warm sunlight and physical surveys. Members and Committee has established a permanent NOTICE enter through the 16th century porch Affiliated Groups may borrow this Information Technology Subcommittee was rewarded by the glimpse of an equipment for their projects, the provi- to continue advising, assisting and acting BOARD extremely fine 15th century incised so being that the Society’s usage will for the Publications Committee. In the NOTICE alabaster tomb that marked the resting normally take precedence. For those future there will be four publishing for- BOARD place of Sir John Sprot. The simplicity who would like to use the equipment, mats: of the 11th century interior, with its or would like more information, please * on the kentarchaeology.ac website NOTICE 13th century additions, had largely contact the custodians listed below. * on CD-ROM BOARD escaped the worst embellishments of For some items of equipment (eg * in paperback the 19th century. In 1895 the Revd. Resistivity Meter), the borrower will * in hardback NOTICE Vickers had renewed the dilapidated need to be supervised by the relevant Archaeologia Cantiana, however, will BOARD interior structure and added a fireplace custodians. continue to be printed in hardback. for himself. Outdoors again we From the Kent History Fund three NOTICE admired the expertly dressed flints For Tools (eg wheelbarrows, spades, grants have been awarded: BOARD that marked the chancel extension shovels, mattocks etc) and the £150 to the Hadlow Historical Society, NOTICE built in 1298 by a local man, Roger de Theodolite regarding its manorial survey; £250 to the Crundale, who had once been stone- Custodian: Shoreham and District Historical Society, BOARD mason to Edward I. Chris Pout regarding oral history and the Second NOTICE A picturesque descent from the Sunnydene, Boyden Gate Corner, World War, and £300 to the Ulcombe chalk ridge soon led members to the Marshside, Nr Canterbury CT3 4EE History Society towards the publication BOARD church of St. Lawrence in tel: 01227 860207 of a history of Ulcombe. NOTICE Godmersham Park, where the Revd. Ian Campbell and our speake r, Mr For Resistivity Meter John Whyman (Chair) BOARD Hugh Schryver, were waiting. The Custodian: NOTICE large, light interior of the church Brian McNaughton belied its ancient origins since it had Eltons, Warehorne Road, Hamstreet, MEMBERSHIP & BOARD been rebuilt by the cathedral monks of Ashford TN26 2JL PUBLICITY NOTICE Canterbury in the 12th century on the tel: 01233 732721 COMMITTEE BOARD site of a much earlier church and Roman bricks were incorporated into For G.P.S. Meter NOTICE its structure. An unusual apsidal (Geographical Positioning System) The Committee is currently review- BOARD chapel on the north side of the church Custodian: ing items which could be used for the dates from this rebuilding, together Ted Connell Society’s publicity material. Previously, NOTICE with two windows on the north wall 110 Manor Forstal, New Ash Green, items such as ties, greetings cards and BOARD and a bas-relief on the south side of Dartford DA3 8JQ tote bags have been sold, all carrying the the chancel which is thought to be tel: 01474 872763 Society’s logo. The Committee would like NOTICE either one end of Becket’s tomb, or email:[email protected] to hear what sort of items members BOARD that of his predecessor, Theobald. In would be interested in. If you have any the early 18th century Jane Austen For Auger Set ideas, comments or experience in dealing NOTICE joined her brother, Edward (who Custodian: with these matters please contact BOARD inherited Godmersham Park), in Ian Jackson Margaret Lawrence, Sunday worship at St. Lawrence. At 128 First Avenue, Gillingham email: [email protected] or that time there were two raised pews ME7 2LQ write to Barnfield, Church Lane, East and a gallery at the west end and a tel: 01634 575000 Peckham TN12 5JJ.

You and Your Society Summer 2004 9 continued from page 7 To book tel: 01273 877888 or email: [email protected] or download an enrolment form from Ouse Valley Project Symposium on Saturday 20 www.sussex.ac.uk/cce/news/ouse. November 10am-5pm Centre for Continuing Education, University of Sussex The launch of a major new interdisciplinary landscape research project studying the Sussex Ouse from sources to Heritage Open Days 10-13 September sea. Hundreds of properties not normally open to the public EVENTS, An outline of the Sussex Ouse Research Project Prof. Peter will open their doors to visitors. Drewett Further information from Heritage Open Days Office at the IDEAS, IDEALS, Changes in rural land management & farming practices in and Civic Trust, 259-269 Old Marylebone Road, London NW1 & ARTICLES around the Ouse Valley and their impact on the downland land - 5RA scape Dr Sue Berry AVAILABLE ON Industrial archaeology of the Ouse Valley John Blackwell & Ron THE WEB Martin EVENTS, Iron Making in the Ouse basin Jeremy Hodgkinson Landmark Trust Open Days Sticky Challenge: cohesive sediment movement & accumulation in It is normally only possible to view Landmark Trust prop- IDEAS, IDEALS, the Ouse estuary Richard Charman erties by paying for the associated holiday. However, prop- & ARTICLES Sussex wetland-rich woodlands – rebuilding a lost habitat type Dr erties open for visiting in the south-east in 2004 are: Tony Whitbread 14 September - Wilmington Priory, East Sussex (morn- AVAILABLE ON From bank to bank: crossing the River Ouse in (pre)history John ing only) THE WEB Bleach 31 October - Sackville House, East Grinstead, West Making the most of memory: the Ouse Valley Oral History Project Sussex (south side of the High Street) EVENTS, Dr Alistair Thomson IDEAS, IDEALS, Further information on www.landmarktrust.co.uk/open- & ARTICLES Fee (includes tea/coffee) £30, student rate £10, day.html. For directions email: bookings@landmark- concession £5. Optional pre-booked lunch £7.50. trust.co.uk or tel: 01628 825925. AVAILABLE ON THE WEB EVENTS, ‘IDEAS and IDEALS’ IDEAS, IDEALS, This was a series of articles describing formative movements and ideas in & ARTICLES the history of the church. AVAILABLE ON THE WEB EVENTS, ANI D E A LS E R I E S IDEAS, IDEALS, ith Dr Yates article in the Each successive wave of new Still visible are the Gothic ver- & ARTICLES last issue of the visions has left its visual embodi- ticality, the screened-off chancel, AVAILABLE ON N e w s l e t t e r, our series, ment. What some saw as the dead the images in stone and glass, the illustrating from Ke n t hand of the over-developed insti- high pulpit of non-conformity, the THE WEB examples the nodal tution has been continually chal- Baptist’s subterranean baptistery, EVENTS, points in the evolution lenged by recurrent streams of the bare Quaker meeting room. of the church, has come to an end. fresh insight. Exciting new move- They are the expressions in stone IDEAS, IDEALS, Four points of emphasis were sug- ments have themselves ossified and wood of ideas once challeng- & ARTICLES gested to each contributor. They into structures, leaving their ing and still powerful. Belief pre- were; imprint in buildings and patterns cedes building, perceptions AVAILABLE ON o the central ideas inspiring of behaviour. All tend to claim become structures. Thus cathe- THE WEB the development inspiration from, and faithfulness dral, church, chapel and mission EVENTS, o the relevance to our current to, the Founder. It is almost as if hall still present us with ideas, situation the truth embodied in the faith is invite us to make decisions – if IDEAS, IDEALS, o prominent persons involved so large that only a few of its only we can interpret what we see. & ARTICLES in Kentish examples facets are apparent to any one o Kentish examples approach. P.A.L. AVAILABLE ON THE WEB EVENTS, IDEAS, IDEALS, Articles available for download & ARTICLES on www.kentarchaeology.ac AVAILABLE ON Great Tottington’s Sarsen Stones Paul Ashbee THE WEB The Papermakers of Snodland Andrew Ashbee The Deal Boatmen; Heroes or Villains? Dr Jacqueline Bower A Traditional Community in Decline; The Deal Boatmen in the Nineteenth Century Dr Jacqueline Bower Cholera and Typhoid Fever in Kent Dr C H Collins Infancy, Polygamy and Parenting within Iron Age Kent Mike Lally The Royal Arsenal Co-operative Society’s Chalk Mine and the Building of the Bostall Estate R F LeGear Finances and Government of Canterbury 1700-1850; An Overview Dr Frank Panton A Possible Roman Tide Mill Dr Robert Spain Summer 2004 10 THE AGGREGATES LEVY

SUSTAINABILITY FUND THE he Aggregates Levy where Wright Consulting repairs to their concrete. Access to AGGREGATES Sustainability Fund (ALSF) Engineers Ltd received just over them will be controlled for health LEVY SUSTAIN- was introduced as a two £90,000 to help save these three and safety reasons, to minimise year pilot scheme in 2002 to scheduled ancient monuments. vandalism and to avoid distur- ABILITY FUND provide funds to help Built for the acoustic detection of bance to resident birds (the site is THE address the environmental enemy aircraft, their reinforced also a national Nature Re s e r v e , AGGREGATES costs of aggregate extraction. concrete parabolic mirrors were Special Landscape Area and SSSI English Heritage, along with redundant by the outbreak of the amongst other designations). This LEVY SUSTAIN- English Nature and the Second World War due to the will be achieved by cutting the ABILITY FUND Countryside Agency, is a major dis- introduction of radar. The first access causeways in two places, tributor of the Fund on behalf of mirror was built in 1928 and was one of the cuts having a lockable THE the Department for Environment, 20 foot tall, followed by a more swing bridge for use in future AGGREGATES Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA). advanced 30 foot mirror with maintenance and repairs and to Amongst the projects funded in listening room and finally a allow organised visits to continue. LEVY SUSTAIN- 2002 were three in the Romney 200 foot acoustic wall by 1930. Phase 2 will see on-site inter- ABILITY FUND Marsh area, where the complex Gravel extraction progressively pretation, signage and footpath interplay between natural encroached upon the structures works, with EC Interreg funds THE processes and human endeavour and left them all but isolated as an secured towards this. AGGREGATES that influences landscape evolu- island within lakes formed by LEVY SUSTAIN- tion are being explored. A total of quarrying. The structural stability Information taken from the around £272,000 was allocated: of two of the devices has been seri- ALSF Annual Report 2002-2003. ABILITY FUND Medieval Adaptation, Settlement ously affected and undercutting by For further details of the ALSF THE and Economy of a Coastal Wetland: the wave action has undermined one Scheme: www.english-heritage.org.uk evidence from around Ly d d b y end of the wall. or contact Archaeology Comm- AGGREGATES University College, London, will The project has two phases, the issions, English Heritage, 23 Savile LEVY SUSTAIN- synthesise the archaeological and ALSF having provided funding for Row, London W1S 2ET. palaeoenvironmental evidence for the first phase which will stabilise ABILITY FUND medieval settlement, land-use and the lake edge around the struc- The ‘Listening Ears’ - the acoustic detection THE modification of the landscape, tures and carry out essential devices at Denge. using the considerable body of AGGREGATES data produced by developer-fund- LEVY SUSTAIN- ed archaeological work that has ABILITY FUND been conducted in the area. The Evolution of the Port of Rye, THE undertaken by the University of AGGREGATES Durham, aims to develop a model for the evolution of Rye over the LEVY SUSTAIN- last 3000 years, showing the shift- ABILITY FUND ing balance between natural and human processes as agents of THE landscape change. AGGREGATES The Evolution and Landscape LEVY SUSTAIN- History of Dungeness Foreland, also by the University of Durham, seeks to ABILITY FUND assess the age and depositional THE history of the gravel beaches. The project has assessed a transect of AGGREGATES boreholes drilled through the grav- LEVY SUSTAIN- el deposits and a dating pro- gramme using OSL (optical stimu- ABILITY FUND lated luminescence) has been undertaken to determine the mini- mum age for deposition of the most recent gravels. Deposits over- lying the gravels are being exam- ined for plant and animal micro- fossils and dating evidence obtained to provide details of how the environments that developed after gravel deposition changed through time. Also funded in Kent was the Listening Devices at Denge p r o j e c t , Summer 2004 11 exploring the implications of the post–1945 construction of nuclear discovery for Bronze Age society, shelters. Revising and developing water transport and cultural con- some of the material published in NE WB O O K S tact in a European context, from the previous Sussex overview of The Dover Bronze Age Boat the shore of Britain, through 1978 – Archaeology in Sussex to AD Edited by Peter Clark. English 1500 – edited by Peter Drewett, it Heritage, 1873592590, £75.00. also increases the scope of this 464 pages, 198 b/w illustrations, earlier volume by including new NEW BOOKS 65 tables. topics: NEW BOOKS Dated to c.1550BC, the Dover The archaeological Boat is one of the most spectacu- implications of coastal change NEW BOOKS lar and important prehistoric Shinewater – important Late NEW BOOKS wooden objects ever found in Bronze Age site on the Europe. This richly illustrated Willingdon Levels NEW BOOKS book tells the dramatic story of its Fishbourne Roman Palace NEW BOOKS discovery and excavation, in addi- Roman Sussex and its pottery supply NEW BOOKS tion to the pioneering work in its conservation, re-assembly and Ecclesiastical sites in East and NEW BOOKS display in Dover Museum. As well West Sussex Castles and port-medieval NEW BOOKS defences NEW BOOKS New Winchelsea – Edward I’s NEW BOOKS planned new town The archaeology of post- NEW BOOKS medieval Sussex NEW BOOKS northern and central Europe, to The demographic information the eastern Mediterranean and offered by churchyards NEW BOOKS beyond. Maritime archaeology and NEW BOOKS Oxbow Books are offering a Sussex wrecks special pre-publication price NEW BOOKS of only £80.00 for both Dover Of interest to a wide range of NEW BOOKS boat books if pre-ordered now! people including professional and amateur archaeologists, historians, NEW BOOKS students, landowners, planning NEW BOOKS The Archaeology of Sussex to and conservation officers and NEW BOOKS AD 2000 Edited by David developers, the book will also Rudling. Published by Heritage interest the general public. NEW BOOKS Marketing & Publication Ltd for Available from bookshops or NEW BOOKS The Centre for Continuing direct from CCE at Essex House, Education, Sussex Institute, The University of Sussex, Falmer, NEW BOOKS University of Sussex, 0-9544456- Brighton, BN1 9QQ. Cheque NEW BOOKS 1-9, £21.00. payable to ‘University of Sussex’ NEW BOOKS as a detailed description of the A new CCE publication provid- for £24.25 (includes £3.25 boat itself, the book explores the ing comprehensive and up-to-date postage). NEW BOOKS method of its construction, its reviews of the archaeology of NEW BOOKS original form, capabilities and per- Sussex both chronologically and Becket’s Murderers Nicholas formance; and its function and thematically, covering all periods Vincent. Published by Friends of NEW BOOKS place in Bronze Age society. It of the human occupation of Canterbury Cathedral & the NEW BOOKS presents new and innovative tech- Sussex from ‘Boxgrove Man’ c. William Urry Memorial Tr u s t niques for the study of ancient 500,000 years ago to the NEW BOOKS timbers and describes an experi- NEW BOOKS ment in building a copy of the NEW BOOKS boat using replicas of Bronze Age tools. NEW BOOKS NEW BOOKS The Dover Bronze Age Boat in C o n t ext: Society and Wa t e r NEW BOOKS Transport in Prehistoric NEW BOOKS Europe Edited by Peter Clark. Oxbow Books, 18421711399, NEW BOOKS £30.00. 152 pages, 134 b/w figs & NEW BOOKS plates. NEW BOOKS A conference held in Dover in 2002 brought together scholars NEW BOOKS from all over Europe to celebrate the 10th anniversary of the discov- ery of the Dover Boat – one of the most important British archaeo- logical finds of the later 20th cen- t u r y. This volume presents 16 papers from the conference,

Summer 2004 12 09513476 2 4, £2.50 40pp. Canterbury, which aimed to dispel crucial question of how far Henry Although probably the best- the myths about the murderers II was implicated, and shows how documented single event in and establish the facts. The the King’s public stance changed medieval history, one area of account is embedded in the histo- as the reputation of the murdered enquiry has remained obscure. ry of the period, with special refer- archbishop rapidly grew in the What was the background of the ence to the anarchy of the previous early 1170’s. murderers, their motivation and reign, and includes a number of Available from booksellers or their eventual fate? This book is sidelights of interest – for by post, price £3.00, from The the text of a lecture given by instance, that the murder of bish- Secretary, William Urry Memorial ST Nicholas Vincent, then Professor ops, even in the cathedral, was not Lecture Fund, c/o The Chapter of Medieval History at Christ uncommon in the Middle Ages. Library, The Precincts, Canterbury BARNABAS Church University College, The conclusion looks afresh at the CT1 2EE TUNBRIDGE WELLS ST BARNABAS TUNBRIDGE ST. BARNABAS’ WELLS ST BARNABAS TUNBRIDGE TUNBRIDGE WELLS WELLS or the past three years St. ST Barnabas’ church, Stanley BARNABAS Road, Tunbridge Wells, has been the venue for an TUNBRIDGE increasingly ambitious his- WELLS torical exhibition, organ- ST ised in connection with the Heritage Open Days in September - BARNABAS details are given elsewhere in the TUNBRIDGE N e w s l e t t e r. The history of the church is a classic example of the WELLS rise of the Tractarian movement, ST described by Nigel Yates in the Spring edition. The parish has its BARNABAS origins in a small Mission Church TUNBRIDGE built in 1870 in an area which was fast being developed with working WELLS class cottages, and the early years ST saw much controversy. The estab- BARNABAS lishment of an avowedly Tractarian parish in a district dominated by TUNBRIDGE the Evangelical wing of the Church WELLS of was vigorously opposed, not least by Canon ST Edward Hoare, Vicar of Holy BARNABAS Trinity, ‘the Protestant Pontiff of Tunbridge Wells’. TUNBRIDGE Despite this, the church flour- WELLS ished, and the present cathedral- sized building, designed by the ST Cutts brothers, was erected in BARNABAS 1887-88 at the enormous cost of TUNBRIDGE £17,000. The Exhibition covers not only the history of the building Above: St Barnabas’ Church towers over the surrounding buildings. WELLS Left: The interior is equally impressive. itself, its schools, clergy and peo- considerable numbers of visitors, ple, but also the development of and as a result some interesting the area, in which the first discoveries have come to light. Tunbridge Wells railway station One such which will be on display had been built. Many industrial this year will be photographs buildings were subsequently erect- from a scrapbook of c1900 featur- ed, most of which have now been ing a large local employer, the demolished. Baltic Sawmills. The Exhibition has attracted Geoffrey Copus

Summer 2004 13 LETTERS TO THE EDITOR SUMMER 2004

Dear Editor Englishman named Richard about his family. If you can help I Totesham. I think that his name can be contacted at: LETTER I am looking for some might come from Tutsham in the & LHI information about an English lord county of Kent. 2 Place d’Aille during the Hundred Years War. I have found some information 86130 LETTER Perhaps there is someone in your about him when he was in France, Saint Georges les Baillargeaux & LHI Society who can help me? but I would like to know more France I am researching the history of about him when in England, Tel: 05-49-62-78-09 email: LETTER a French village based in the old before and after the war. I think [email protected] & LHI province of Saintonge and I have he was a very important person in Thank you. found that during the Hundred the west of France in this period LETTER Years War the lord was an and would like to know more Pascal Lacheteau & LHI LETTER & LHI LETTER & LHI LETTER TH EL O C A LH E R I TA G EI N I T I AT I V E & LHI he Local Heritage Initiative panying leaflet provides information church and a booklet by the (LHI) has made several grants and gives the location of the various researchers, Paula and Derrick LETTER to community groups in Kent sites represented in the mural. Chiverrell, charts the area’s past in a & LHI over the last few years. The Students at Cheyne Middle School concise 50 page document. LHI funds projects which in Sheerness on the Isle of Sheppey Groups wishing to undertake LETTER enable local groups to care for worked with others from & LHI the natural, built, industrial, archaeo- Minster College, Sheerness LETTER logical heritage, and customs and tra- to compile a detailed histo- ditions. Below are just three examples ry of the town’s Beachfields & LHI of projects: Park. The Park, which sits LETTER In Faversham, local group between Sheerness and the Artscape Ink created an 8 by 4 foot sea, dates back some 150- & LHI mosaic mural, portraying the less 200 years. Working with a LETTER obvious, but still fascinating, con- local history group, they struction features of the town. A large interviewed local residents & LHI number of photographs of selected and searched through LETTER properties, all over 200 years old, were library and archive materi- & LHI collected, of carvings, motifs, door- al, uncovering details also ways and the buildings themselves. of the history of the LETTER From these a rough template was Park’s funfair, bandstands, & LHI made for the design. Materials used Prisoner of War hut, boat- included mosaic tiles, drift wood, ing lake and bowling LETTER glass, and china, these last two green. Their results are Faversham’s past is now on permanent display. & LHI reclaimed from the creek – rubbish published in a 50 page brought from London by barge many booklet, ‘Tales of Beachfield Park’. The projects can now apply for 100% grants LETTER years ago. Some 200 people worked work was undertaken with the sup- from £3,000 to £25,000, without any & LHI on eight different sections, including port of Groundwork Medway Swale requirement to provide cash them- children from four local schools and which works on regeneration projects selves. Funds are made available in LETTER Age Concern members. The complet- in the region. advance to allow schemes to get under - & LHI ed mosaic is mounted at the entrance The village of Newchurch, way quickly without financial con- LETTER to the railway station and an accom- Romney Marsh, has a history dating straints. Groups need a Constitution back to the 13th century, a long and an open bank account, plus the & LHI association with smuggling, commitment, time and enthusiasm to & LHI and more recently was the bring projects to life. The level of active location of a World War II air- community involvement is one of the field. A programme of research, key factors considered when reviewing trawling through library and applications. For an overview of the museum archives and record- LHI, an explanation of how to apply ing the reminiscences of elder- for a grant, and information about ly residents, has meant this projects currently underway, go to area is now well-documented. www.lhi.org.uk or tel: 0870 9000 401 The highlights of the village’s for an application pack. past are captured in a special Newchurch residents pose by haystacks at exhibition located permanently Information taken from LHI News South Frostland Farm, circa 1920. in the north chapel of the East, Issue 1.

Summer 2004 14 HISTORY LESSON ON

THE DOORSTEP MAIDSTONE anterbury Archaeological ragstone with associated robber ROMAN VILLA Trust has just completed a trenches indicating a number of MAIDSTONE month’s excavation at a fasci- rooms and part of a bath suite, ROMAN VILLA nating Roman site in extending under the Florence Road Florence Road, Maidstone, footpath. Remains of two plunge MAIDSTONE west of the River Medway. baths had survived, one with a large ROMAN VILLA They were commissioned to area of intact opus signinum floor. Op. e xcavate following discussions sig was a building material composed MAIDSTONE between the developer, Mr Don of various aggregates including ROMAN VILLA Crosbie, and Kent County Council crushed tile or brick mixed with lime Archaeological Team. and water. The result was a kind of MAIDSTONE Not far below the modern ground concrete, waterproof and extremely ROMAN VILLA surface, the team picked up the durable and therefore ideal for build- Site Director Grant Shand, with some of MAIDSTONE remains of what would once have ing baths. It is likely that pilae stacks the pre-conquest ‘Belgic’ pottery from an been a substantial Roman structure, from the hypocaust system survive early ditch. ROMAN VILLA almost certainly a villa. The surviving below this floor as it had a rather hol- MAIDSTONE archaeology was composed of mason- low ring to it. Connecting the two system which would have channelled ry foundations constructed in Kentish baths were the remains of a drainage water from one to the other. ROMAN VILLA The projected plan for the build- ing suggests that the villa complex MAIDSTONE extends beneath nearby St Michael’s ROMAN VILLA CE Infant School and naturally there was a great deal of interest in the MAIDSTONE work from the local children and their ROMAN VILLA teachers. Some of the children live in MAIDSTONE Florence Road and were thrilled at the prospect of living on top of a Roman ROMAN VILLA villa! MAIDSTONE This was a history lesson on their doorstep and a great opportunity for ROMAN VILLA CAT to show them what archaeolo- MAIDSTONE gists do and the kind of evidence they find. ROMAN VILLA Two days were spent giving MAIDSTONE infants and the entire junior school (from nearby Douglas Road) an ROMAN VILLA insight into the processes of archaeol- MAIDSTONE ogy and more specifically the discov- ROMAN VILLA eries at the Florence Road site. All of the classes had knowledge of the MAIDSTONE Roman period and the Year 3 (7 and 8 ROMAN VILLA year olds) teacher used the opportuni- ty to support curriculum studies of the MAIDSTONE local area. Teachers were given addi- ROMAN VILLA tional support materials to use for fol- low-up work in the classroom. The MAIDSTONE staff and children were so inspired ROMAN VILLA that the normal curriculum was sus- pended on the second day in favour of MAIDSTONE a ‘Roman’ day. ROMAN VILLA In addition to the villa remains, a number of earlier ditches were picked up at the site. In the final week one of these produced masses of pre-conquest ‘Belgic’ pottery sherds, beneath which lay crushed fragments of a horse skull – a bonus find at the end of the exca- Top: Abby Guiness, one of the excavation team, telling children about the Florence Road vation. discoveries. Masonry walls of the villa can be seen and one of the plunge baths. Below: CAT Education Officer, Marion Green, gives six and seven year olds their archaeology briefing before they cross the road to the site. More of the villa is probably beneath their Marion Green bottoms! CAT Education Officer Summer 2004 15 THE KAS HISTORY & ARCHAEOLOGY SHOW n Saturday 5 Committees also took BACK PAGE June, around this opportunity to PEOPLE 40 different show their work; you groups gath- can read about the BACK PAGE ered within involvement of the PEOPLE M a i d s t o n e Publications and Museum, all those Library Committees in BACK PAGE concerned being inv- the Show elsewhere PEOPLE olved in various in this newsletter. ways with the histo- Over 500 people BACK PAGE ry and archaeology enjoyed the Show, PEOPLE of Kent. The brain- which not only gave BACK PAGE child of Denis the public a chance to A n s t e y, (a member explore the ways in PEOPLE of the Membership which Kent’s past can BACK PAGE and Publicity Com- be investigated, but mittee), the History also the opportunity PEOPLE and Archaeology for those already BACK PAGE Show was originally involved to meet and formulated to pro- discuss their interest PEOPLE vide a showcase for and work. It is hoped BACK PAGE the affiliated soci- to hold the event eties of the KAS. As again in 2006. PEOPLE interest from other BACK PAGE groups grew, the Two vertical ban- PEOPLE remit of the show ners bearing the expanded to include Society’s name and logo BACK PAGE local authority-based in the corporate colours PEOPLE services and other of blue and yellow were organisations wish- bought for the Show, BACK PAGE ing to exhibit. The also bunting in the same PEOPLE Mayor and Mayoress colours. These are avail- of Maidstone, Coun- able for use on applica- BACK PAGE cillor Morel and tion to the Membership PEOPLE Mrs Karin D’Souza, Committee. opened the Show, BACK PAGE taking time to talk to PEOPLE each exhibitor. BACK PAGE The interest base of groups ranged PEOPLE widely. Local history Above: Chair of the Membership and Publicity BACK PAGE and archaeology Committee, Margaret societies, too numer- Lawrence, and Alec Miles PEOPLE ous to name individ- welcome the Mayor and ually here, brought Mayoress of Maidstone to the Committee’s stand. along their latest Below: KASPresident Paul research, often incl- Oldham introduces the uding a visual feast Mayoral couple to Kent’s of old photographs, Finds Liaison Officer Andrew Richardson. Good documents and to see the Mayoress has kept maps. More specific her copy of the KAS subject areas were Newsletter! represented by such groups as The English Comp- anions, the Wealden Iron Research Group, Maidstone Masonic Copy deadline for the next issue in October is Wednesday September 1st. Museum and North Downs Young The editor wishes to draw attention to the fact that neither she nor the Council of the KAS are answerable for Archaeologists’. Kent Archive opinions which contributors may express in their signed articles; each author is alone responsible for the Services and Medway Archives contents and substance of their work. were on hand to answer enquiries, as was Kent’s Finds Liaison EDITOR: LYN PALMER Officer and KCC’s Sites and 55 Stone Street, Tunbridge Wells, Kent TN1 2QU Telephone: 01892 533661 Mobile: 07810 340831 Monuments Record Officer. Metal Email [email protected] detecting groups affiliated to the or [email protected] KAS brought showcases, and KAS Summer 2004 Published by the Kent Archaeological Society, The Museum, St Faith’s Street, Maidstone, Kent. ME 14 1LH 16 www.kentarchaeology.org.uk