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The Observer's Handbook for 1939 T h e O b s e r v e r ’s H a n d b o o k FOR 1939 PUBLISHED BY The Royal Astronomical Society of Canada C. A. CHANT, E d ito r F. S. HOGG, A s s i s t a n t E d ito r DAVID DUNLAP OBSERVATORY THIRTY-FIRST YEAR OF PUBLICATION TORONTO 198 College Street Printed for the Society B y t h e University of Toronto Press 1939 1939 CALENDAR 1939 J u l ia n D ay C a l e n d a r , 1939 J. D. 2,420,000 plus the following: Jan. 1 9265 May 1 9385 Sept. 1 9508 Feb. 1 9296 June 1 9416 Oct. 1 9538 Mar. 1 9324 July 1 9446 Nov. 1 9569 Apr. 1 .. 9355 Aug. 1 9477 Dec. 1 9599 The Julian Day commences at noon. Thus J.D. 2,429,265.0 = Jan. 1.5 G.C.T. T he O bserver's H andbook FOR 1939 PUBLISHED BY The Royal Astronom ical Society of Canada C. A. CHANT, E ditor F. S. HOGG, A s s is t a n t E ditor DAVID DUNLAP OBSERVATORY THIRTY-FIRST YEAR OF PUBLICATION TORONTO 198 College Street Printed for the Society By the University of Toronto Press 1939 CONTENTS PAGE Preface - 3 Anniversaries and Festivals - - 3 Symbols and Abbreviations - - 4 Abbreviations for the Constellations - 5 Miscellaneous Astronomical Data - 6 Ephemeris of the Sun - 7 Solar and Sidereal Time - - - - 8 Map of Standard Time Zones - 9 Times of Sunrise and Sunset - 10 The Sun and Planets for 1939 - 17 Ephemerides of the Bright Asteroids - 24 Eclipses, 1939 - - - 25 The Sky and Astronomical Phenomena Month by Month 26 Phenomena of Jupiter’s Satellites - 50 Phenomena of Saturn’s Satellites - 52 Lunar Occultations - - 52 Meteors or Shooting Stars - - 54 Principal Elements of the Solar System - 56 Satellites of the Solar System - 57 Double and Multiple Stars, with a short list - 58 Variable Stars, with a short list - 60 Distances of the Stars, with a list of the Sun’s Neighbours 62 The Brightest Stars, their magnitudes, types, proper motions, distances and radial velocities - - 64 Star Clusters and Nebulae, with Messier’s List - 72 Four Circular Star Maps - 75 Times of Beginning and Ending of Twilight - - 79 Tables of Meteorological Data - 8 0 PRINTED IN CANADA PREFACE In the H andbook for 1939, which is the thirty-first issue, numerous changes have been made. By giving the times of sunrise and sunset for every second day, although additional latitudes have been included, there has been a saving of six pages of space. This has allowed the inclusion of times of beginning and ending of twilight, of ephemerides of Saturn’s satellites and of the brighter asteroids, the extension of information on Meteors and Occultations, and the insertion of a table of miscellaneous Astronomical Data. The table of Satel­ lites has also been revised. It was hoped to revise the table of The Brightest Stars, but circumstances prevented it this year. The small star maps at the back necessarily contain only a few objects. Four similar maps 9 inches in diameter are obtainable from the Director of University Extension, University of Toronto, for one cent each. Observers desiring fuller information are recommended to obtain Norton’s Star Atlas and Reference Handbook (Gall and Inglis, price 12s 6d; supplied also by Eastern Science Supply Co., Boston). The sixth edition contains late informa­ tion. The changes enumerated have been possible through the help of Dr. F. S. Hogg who is now Assistant Editor. Cordial thanks are tendered to all who assisted but especially to Miss Ruth J. Northcott, M.A., of the David Dunlap Observatory. C. A. Chant. David Dunlap Observatory, Richmond Hill, Ont., December 1938. ANNIVERSARIES AND FESTIVALS 1939 New Year’s Day Sun. Jan. 1 Corpus Christi .................Thu. June 8 Epiphany........................ Fri. Jan. 6 St. John Baptist (Midsummer Septuagesima Sunday..............Feb. 5 Day) Sat. June 24 Quinquagesima (Shrove Dominion Day Sat. July 1 Sunday)..................................Feb. 19 Birthday of Queen Elizabeth Ash Wednesday Feb. 22 (1900) Fri. Aug. 4 Quadragesima (First Sunday Labour Day Mon. Sept. 4 in Lent)..................................Feb. 26 Hebrew New Year (Rosh St. David . ............... .Wed. Mar. 1 Hashanah).........Thu. Sept. 14 St. Patrick................. .Fri. Mar. 17 St. Michael (Michaelmas Annunciation (Lady Day) ......Fri. Sept. 29 D ay) ...............Sat. Mar. 25 All Saints’ Day ...... .Wed. Nov. 1 Palm S u n d ay .......................... Apr. 2 Remembrance Day... .Sat. Nov. 11 Good Friday..............................Apr. 7 St. Andrew..................... Thu. Nov. 30 Easter Sunday..........................Apr. 9 First Sunday in Advent. .... .Dec. 3 St. George... .Sun. Apr. 23 Accession of King George VI Rogation Sunday......................May 14 (1936).................... ...M o n. Dec. 11 Ascension Day. .Thu. May 18 Birthday of King George VI Empire Day (Victoria ( 1 8 9 5 ) ....... Thu., Dec. 14 D ay). ................ .Wed. May 24 Christmas Day . .Mon. Dec. 25 Birthday of the Queen Mother, Mary (1867)........Fri. May 26 ------ ----- Pentecost (Whit Sunday) May 28 Thanksgiving Day, date set by Trinity Sunday.........................June 4 Proclamation SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS SIGNS OF THE ZODIAC SUN, MOON AND PLANETS ASPECTS AND ABBREVIATIONS THE GREEK ALPHABET THE CONFIGURATIONS OF JUPITER’S SATELLITES In the Configurations of Jupiter's Satellites (pages 27, 29, etc.), O represents the disc of the planet, d signifies that the satellite is on the disc, * signifies that the satellite is behind the disc or in the shadow. Configurations are for an inverting telescope. ABBREVIATIONS FOR THE CONSTELLATIONS Andromeda.............. And Andr Libra................ .............. Lib Libr A ntlia...................... Antl Lupus............... .............. Lup Lupi Apus.......................... Apus Lynx................. Lync Aquarius.................. Aqar L yra................. Lyra Aquila....................... Aql Aqil M ensa.............. .............. Men Mens A ra............................ Arae Microscopium. Micr Aries......................... Ari Arie Monoceros.... Mono Auriga...................... Auri M usca.............. Musc Bootes...................... Boot Norma.............. .............. Nor Norm Caelum..................... Cael Octans.............. .............. Oct Octn Camelopardalis........ Caml Ophiuchus....... Ophi Cancer...................... Canc Orion................ .............. Ori Orio Canes Venatici........ CVn CVen Pavo.................. .............. Pav Pavo Canis Major............ CMa CMaj Pegasus............ .............. Peg Pegs Canis Minor............ CMi CMin Perseus............. .............. Per Pers Capricornus............. Capr Phoenix............ .............. Phe Phoe Carina...................... Car Cari Pictor................ .............. Pic Pict Cassiopeia................ .. Cas Cass Pisces................ Pisc Centaurus................ Cent Piscis Australis ..............PsA PscA Cepheus................... Ceph Puppis.............. .............. Pup Pupp Cetus........................ .. Cet Ceti Pyxis................ Pyxi Chamaeleon............. Cha Cham Reticulum........ .............. Ret Reti Circinus.................... Cir Circ Sagitta.............. .............. Sge Sgte Columba.................. Col Colm Sagittarius....................... Sgr Sgtr Coma Berenices.... Coma Scorpius............ Scor Corona Australis .. CrA CorA Sculptor............ Scul Corona Borealis.... CrB CorB Scutum ............. Scut Corvus..................... Corv Serpens............. .............. Ser Serp C rater....................... Crt Crat Sextans............. Sext Crux.......................... Cru Cruc T aurus.............. Taur Cygnus..................... ---- Cyg Cygn Telescopium ...............Tel Tele Delphinus................ Del Dlph Triangulum.. ............... Tri Tria Dorado..................... Dora Triangulum Australe... .TrA TrAu Draco........................ Drac T ucana............. Tucn Equuleus.................. .Equ Equl Ursa Major. .............. UMa UMaj Eridanus.................. Eri Erid Ursa Minor .............. UMi UMin Fornax...................... For Forn Vela.................. .............. Vel Velr Gemini. ................ Gemi Virgo................ .............. Vir Virg G rus......................... Gru Grus Volans.............. .............. Vol Voln Hercules................... Her Herc Vulpecula......... .............. Vul Vulp Horologium............. Hor Horo H ydra....................... Hya Hyda H ydrus..................... Hyi Hydi The 4-letter abbreviations are in- Indus........................ Ind Indi tended to be used in cases where a Lacerta..................... Lacr maximum saving of space is not neces­ Leo............................ Leon sary. Leo Minor................ LMi LMin From Transactions of the I.A.U ., Lepus......................... .. Lep Leps Vol. IV., 1932, page 221. U n i t s o f L e n g t h 1 Angstrom unit = 10-8 cm. 1 micron = 10-4 cm. 1 meter = 102 cm. = 3.28084 feet 1 kilometer = 105 cm. = 0.62137 miles 1 mile = 1.60935 X105 cm. = 1.60935 km. 1 astronomical unit = 1.49504 X1013 cm. = 92,897,416 miles 1 light year = 9.463 X1017 cm. = 5.880 X1012 miles =0.3069 parsecs 1 parsec = 30.84 X1017 cm. = 19.16 X1012 miles =3.259 l.y. 1 megaparsec = 30.84 X1023 cm. = 19.16 X1018 miles =3.259 X106 l.y. U n i t s o f T i m e Sidereal day = 23h 56m 04.09s of mean solar time Mean solar day = 24h 03m 56.56s of sidereal time Synodical month = 29d 12h 44m; sidereal month = 27d 07h 43m Tropical year (ordinary) =365 d 05h 48m 46s Sidereal year =365d 06h 09m 10s Eclipse year =346d 14h 53m T h e E a r t h Equatorial radius, a = 3963.35 miles; flattening,
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