1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 4795 The PRESIDING OFFICER Indiana Dorothy Slierba, WAC, Ll010275. the absent Senators; and Mr. ANDERSON, [Mr. JENNER], and the Senator from New Jacquelyn R. Sollars, WAC, Ll010257. Mr. HICKENLOOPER, Mr. JOHNSTON of Hampshire [Mr. TOBEY] are detained on Barbara J. Wardell, WAC, Ll010282. South Carolina, 1\::.-. MOODY, Mr. MUR official business. Helen A. Way, WAC, Ll010280. RAY, Mr. PASTORE and Mr. WILLIAMS an The result was announced-yeas 42, Martha L. Weeks, WAC, L1010269. swered to their names when called. nays 39, as follows: Elizabeth A. Whitaker, WAC, Ll010281. The PRESIDING OFFICER. A quo- Kathleen I. Wilkes, WAC, Ll010234. YEA8-42 Sadie E. Yoshizaki, WAC, Ll010236. rum is not present. · Anderson Hoey Maybank Mr. McFARLAND: I move that the Benton Holland Monroney IN THE NAVY Sergeant at Arms be directed to request Byrd Humphrey Moody . Rear Adm. Robert M. Griffin, :United States Clements Johnson, Colo. Murray Navy, when retired, to be placed on the re the attendance of absent Senators. Connally The motion was agreed to. Johnson, Tex. Neely tired list with the rank of vice admiral. Douglas Johnston, S. C. O'Mahoney Rear Adm. Alfred E. Montgomery, United The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Ellender Kefauver Pastore Sergeant at Arms will execute the order Frear Kerr Robertson States Navy, when retired, to be placed on Fulbright Kilgore Russell the retired list with ' the rank of vice ad- of the Senate. · Gillette Long Smathers miral. · After a little delay, Mr. HENNINGS, Mr; Green McClellan Smith, N. C. Rear Adm. Arthur C. Miles, United. States MAYBANK, Mr. IVES, Mt. FERGUSON, Mr. Hayden McFarland Sparkman Navy, -whe:q. retired, to be placed on the re Hennings McKellar Stennis tired list with the ran~ of vice admiral. ROBERTSON, Mr. O'MAHONEY, Mr. THYE, Hill McMahon Underwood Mr. MUNDT, Mr. GILLETTE, and Mr. Mc CLELLAN entered the Chamber and an NAYs-39 Aiken Ecton Millikin swered to· their names. Bennett Ferguson Morse After a further delay, Mr. BENTON, Mr. ·Brewster Hendrickson Mundt HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES BRICKER, Mr. BRIDGES, Mr. BYRD, Mr. Bricker Hickenlooper Nixon CAIN, Mr. CONNALLY, Mr. ECTON, Mr. Bridges Ives Saltonstall THURSDAY, MAY 3, 1951 FULBRIGHT, Mr. GREEN, Mr. JOHNSON of Butler, Md. Kem Schoeppel · Butler, Nebr. Knowland Smith, Maine The House ·met at 11 o'clock a. m. Colorado, Mr. JOHNSON of Texas, Mr. Cain Langer Smitll, N. J. KEFAUVER, Mr. KEM, Mr. KNOWLAND, Mr. Carlson Lodge Th ye The Chaplain, Rev: Bernard Bras Case McCarran Wherry kamp, D. D., offered the following LoDGE, Mr. LONG, Mr. Mc~A°RTHY, Mr. Cordon McCarthy Wiley prayer: MCKELLAR, Mr. McMAHON, Mr. . MORSE, Dirksen Malone · Williams Mr. NIXON, Mr. RUSSELL, Mr. SALTON..; Dworshak Martin Young Most merciful and gracious God, who STALL, Mr. SMATHERS, Mrs. SMITH of NOT VOTING-15 .art the source of our. material and Maine, Mr. SMITH of ·New Jersey, Mr. Capehart George O'Conor -spiritual blessings, grant that daily we SMITH of North Carolina, Mr. SPARKMAN, :Chavez Hunt Taft may be strengthened within in order Mr. WILEY, and Mr. YOUNG entered the Dutr Jenner Tobey that we may cope victoriously with all Eastland Lehman Watkins Chamber and answered to their names. Flanders Magnuson Welker circumstances and conditions without The VICE PRESIDENT. A quorum is no matter how trying and difficult they present. .. So the motion was agreed to; and New York [Mr. yesterday !Vas read and approved. LEHMAN] is absent by leave of the Senate Dolores L. Evanson, WMSC, M2810. on official business, having been 'ap Genevieve Lescsak, WMSC, M1125. GEN. MATTHEW RIDGWAY pointed a member of the United States ·To be second lieutenants Mr. SIKES. Mr. Speaker; I ask unan delegation to the World Health Organi Jean C. Altenburger, WAC, Ll010260. imous consent to address the House for zation, which wm meet in Geneva, Swit Clarissa L. Aping, WAC, Ll010279. 1 minute and to revise and extend my zerland. Alice M. Barr, WAC, L1010258 . . remarks. The Senator from Washingto:1 [Mr. Eva M. Benson, WAC, L1010264. Frances J. Biddle, WAC, L1010267. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to MAGNUSON] is absent by leave of the Patricia L. Bouldin, WAC, Ll010261. the request of the gentleman from Senate on official committee business. Barbara J . Brown, WAC, Ll010263. Florida? Mr. SALTONSTALL. I announce Eva M. Burgess, WAC, Ll010255. There ·was no objection. that the Senator from Pennsylvania [Mr. Salona Butler, WAC, L1010278. Mr. SIKES. Mr. Speaker, one of the DuFF J, the Senator from Ohio [Mr. Helen R. Coplen, WAC, L1010273. greatest fighting men we have produced TAFT], and the Senator from Utah [Mr. Vivian E. Davis, WAC, L1010276. in this age, a man who is filling the big W ATH;INsJ are necessarily absent. If Irene S. Ebel, WAC, Ll010274. gest single job in our Military Establish Irene Evans, WAC, Ll010256. present, the previously listed Senators Pola L. Garrett, WAC, L1010238. ment, is still wearing only three stars and would vote "nay." · Irene s. Gulledge, WAC, L1010244. he is clearly doing a four-star job. Lt. The Senator from Idaho [Mr. WELKER] Ruth Holland, WAC, Ll010233. Gen. Matt Ridgway went to Korea, took is ab.--: ent on offi cial busines:..;. :..f present, Janet A. Jawelak, WAC, L1010237. ·a beaten army, regrouped it, reforged its he would vote "nay." · Shirley J. Justice, WAC, L1010250, ·fighting spirit, led it to triumphs which 4796 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MAY 3 every American should be and is proud not come before a subcommittee of the The SPEAKER. The regular order of. Now he is supreme commander of Committee on Appropriations unless they has been demanded, therefore the gen all our vital and far-flung Pacific enter are seekirig a deficiency appropriation. tleman cannot proceed under a ·reser prises. For either he deserves a higher There is only one construction that can vation of objection. rank, that of full general. I sincerely be placed upon that language, and that Mr. H. CARL ANDERSEN. Mr. hope that rank will shortly be f orthcom is that they could not come before the Speaker, I withdraw my reservation of ing. Subcommittee on Appropriations unless objection. THE JENSEN AMENDMENT it was in connection with a deficiency The SPEAKER. Is there objection to appropriation. · the request of the gentleman from Ohio? Mr. H. CARL ANDERSEN. Mr. Speak There was no objection. er, I ask unanimous consent to address RURAL ELECTRIFICATION the House for 1 minute. Mr. ALLEN of Illinois. Mr. Speaker, BRITISH DISLOYALTY The SPEAKER. Is there objection to I ask unanimous consent to address the Mr. BENDER. Mr. Speaker, I ask the request of the gzntlem~n from House for 1 minute. unanimous consent to address the House Minnesota? The SPEAKER. Is there objection to for 1 minute. There was no objection. the request of the gentleman from Illi- The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Mr. H. CARL ANDERSEN. Mr. nois? · the request of the gentleman from Ohio? Speaker, I am glad that the majority There was no objection. There was no objection: leader is here today as he usually is, at Mr. ALLEN of Illinois. Mr. Speaker, Mr. BENDER. Mr. Speaker, it is high his post. we hear a great deal from our good friend time that Great Britain stopped playing Mr. Speaker, yesterday the gentleman the gentleman from Mississippi [Mr. games with us; It is incredible that the from Massachusetts [Mr. McCORMACK], RANKIN] about the importance of TVA British Government would permit the the majority leader, accused the gentle and how the power ge.nerated does not cost ·anybody anything. If you will sale of 40,400 tons of rubber to Russia man from Minnesota, now addressing the since the beginning of the war. But it is House, of being in a disturbed frame of turn to page 34 of the independent offices appropriation bill, which we will soon absolutely fantastic that the British mind. I believe a reading of the RECORD would sell 120,000 tons of the same rub this morning will show that it was the consider, in regard to the Tennessee Val ley Authority, you will find that this ber to Communist China. This is a time gentleman from Massachusetts who was when soldiers of the British Common disturbed and rightly so. On eight suc uncalled-for monstrosity costs every tax payer in the United States plenty to wealth in the forces of the United Nations cessive roll calls the majority of the are fighting Communist Chinese along Members of the House failed to follow operate. Each year the Federal Govern side of us. his leadership. In fact, the gentleman ment appropriates a few hundreds of · from Massachusetts was so disturbed millions of dollars. for replacement, re We have always been loyal to our friends, but loyalty is a two-way street that ~1e repeated twice the allegation that pair, operation of aircraft, and so forth, the gentleman from Minnesota had sug for this most inefficient and socialistic and the British have clearly been disloyal gested that bureaus inconvenienced by agency-the deficit in this bill for this to us. They have been giving lip service the Jensen amendment should come to year alone being $236,139,600, which the ~o the United Nations' decision to fight the Appropriations Committee for a de Government must borrow · in order to m Korea, but they are working both sides ficiency. keep this spendthrift organization in of the street. For the sake .of British Mr. Speaker, for the information of operation. For efficiency and economy·, trade in Hong Kong, the Labor Govern the House, may I call attention to my it should be turned over to private enter ment is playing the shabbiest kind of statement on page 4745 of yesterday's prise to operate. immoral dishonesty and incredible poli Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Speaker, if the tics. If anything should bring the Labor RECORD, which reads as follows: Party to defeat, this shocking demon Mr. Chairman, the gentleman from Rhode ·gentleman will yield, we are taking care stration of duplicity is it. Island does not bring out the fact that if of ourselves in the Tennessee Valley, but any of these bureaus do find themselves in the rest of the people are being shut out VETERANS' HOSPITALS difficulty this coming spring, they can come from these public power projects, as I Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. Mr. before the Subcommittee on Appropriations showed oh yesterday. They are all en Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to ad affected and state their case. We can then titled to the benefits of the cheap elec put them under that particular class of dress the House for 1 minute and revise exemptions, if we so wish. I think we will tricity produced at these Government and extend my remarks. be very foolish if we do not adopt the amend dams on our navigable streams. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to ment offered by the gentleman from Iowa The SPEAKER. The time of the gen the request of the gentlewoman from [Mr. JENSEN], tleman from Illinois has expired. Massachusetts? Mr. Speaker, we will, as the gentleman EXTENSION OF REMARKS There was no objection. from Massachusetts suggested yesterday, Mr. BROWN of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. Mr. let the Members draw their own inter in the spirit of peace and harmony, I Speaker, in the extension of my remarks pretations. ask unanimous consent to extend my which I am placing in the Appendix of Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I own remarks in the RECORD and include the RECORD, I am going to include cer ask unanimous consent to address the therein a very important announcement tain material and data regarding the House for 1 minute. by a little Quaker college in Ohio, Wil problem of veterans in the Veterans' Ad The SPEAKER. Is there objection to mington College, for the promotion of a ministration hospitals. I think the the request of the gentleman from Mas plan that college education may be put Members will admit that there is a short sachusetts? within the reach of all. age of beds, particularly in the NP and There was no objection. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to TB hospitals. The Army and Navy and Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, the the request of the gentleman from Ohio? National Defense have requested of the very fact that the gerttleman from Min Mr. H. CARL ANDERSEN. Mr. Veterans' Administration beds for men nesota [Mr. H. CARL ANDERSEN] makes Speaker, reserving the right to object, still in service who have NP and TB the remarks he does today shows that I do so for the purpose of informing the disabilities. The overcrowding in those the statement I made yesterday that he gentleman-- was. disturbed is correct. I will quote Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Speaker, I demand hospitals is extremely dangerous. There just what the gentleman said: the regular order. will be a great many accidents and the men are not getting the proper care due Mr. Chairman, the gentleman from Rhode Mr. H. CARL ANDERSEN. Mr. Island does not Qring out the fact that if Speaker, the gentleman from Mississippi to shortage of personnel. any of these bureaus do find themselves in is clearly out of order. Also, there must be a military status difficulty this coming spring, they can come ·The SPEAKER. The regular order is: of the doctors in the veterans' hospi before the Subcommittee on Appropriations Is there objection to the request of the tals, otherwise you will have practically affected and state their case. gentleman from Ohio CMr. BROWN]? no doctors and nurses to take care of the Well, what are they coming before Mr. H. CARL ANDERSEN. Mr. patients, for many already have been them for except for a deficiency appro Speaker, I am reserving the right to drafted for the armed services. It was priation? We all know that they can- object. . necessary in World War II to do this. 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 4797 AID TO INDIA country's uniform mean as much to the follows: In lieu of the matter proposed to be Mr. COX. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani civilian as it did before? Let us stop this inserted by the House amendment insert the mous consent to address the House for 1 discrimination against our servicemen: following: "That the Secretary of Agriculture If Dean Acheson can ride in a limousine, is authorized and directed to transfer and minute. convey to the Vermont Agricultural College, The SPEAKER. Is there objection to if the General Staff members ride in Cad a State-owned corporation, upon acceptance the request of the gentleman from Geor illacs and Lincolns, if our generals in the by said agricultural college, without cost, gia? East ride In rickshaws carried by Chinese the real property comprising nine hundred There was no objection. coolies, why draw the line on our GI's?· forty-two and forty-two one-hundredths Mr. COX. Mr. Speaker, I have taken Let us approve the Hall furlough bill, is acres, more or less, of the United States Mor the floor simply to warn the membership sue free passes to soldiers who want to gan Horse Farm located in Addison County, visit their homes and forget there was town of Weybridge, Vermont, and such of the of this body not to be caught in the trap personal property of this station as may be that the so-called India wheat bill has set anything like barring men in uniform agreed upon, in writing, by the Secretary of for them. This bill is simply a soften from club cars or anywhere else in the Agriculture and the dean of the Vermont ing-up process. It simply makes way good ol::l United States of America. Agricultural College. >::luch real and per for other countries that are coming for CALL OF THE HOUSE sonal property and research records shall be a hand-out. The advocates of a further, transferred upon the express condition that or new ECA thought it best to bring this Mr. O'TOOLE. Mr. Speaker, I make they shall be used by the Vermont Agricul bill up because of the so-called humani the point of order that a quorum is not tural College for the benefit of agriculture tarian element involved. A vote for this present. for such period as may be agreed upon by The SPEAKER. Evidently a quorum the Secretary and the said college at the bill will be a vote of confidence in Dean time of transfer. Acheson,· and it will be committing us to is not present. I "The authority herein contained shall ex another little ECA that will be knowri Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, pire on June 30, 1951, unless, prior to such .. as the Javits plan, as the gentleman move a call of the House. expiration date, the dean of the Vermont from New York [Mr. JAVITS] has been A call of the House was ordered. Agricultural College shall have notified the doing the thinking and the planning for The Clerk called the roll, and the fol Secretary of Agriculture of the acceptance the group interested in bringing into ex lowing Members failed to answer to their of the lands and other property of the sta istence this additional little ECA, that names: tion under the terms of this Act." And the Hous~ agree to the same. will in the total call for approximately [Roll No. 47) Anderson, Calif. Gregory Murray, Tenn HAROLD D. COOLEY, $7,000,000,000. Barrett Halleck Murray, Wis. W.R. POAGE, DISCRIMINATION AGAINST MEN IN ·Bramblett Havenner Passman GEORGE GRANT, lTNIFORM Brooks Hays, Ark. Patman CLIFFORD R. HOPE, Buckley Hebert Powell AUG. H. ANDRESEN, Mr. EDWIN ARTHUR HAiiL. Mr. Burton Hinshaw Price Managers on the Part of the House. Byrne, N. Y. Holifield Rains Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to ad Case Irving Redden ALLEN J. ELLENDER, dress the House for 1 minute. Chatham Jarman Ribicotr CLYDE R. HOEY, The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Cole, N. Y. Jenison Rivers OLIN D. JOHNSTON, Cooley Kearney Scott, Hardie GEORGE D. AIKEN, the request of the gentleman from New Curtis, Mo. Kee Shafer York? Dawson Kersten, Wis. Stockman MILTON R . YOUNG, There was no objection. DeGraffenried Klein Vail Managers on the Part of the Senate. Mr. EDWIN ARTHUR HALL. Mr. Dingell Mansfield Vinson Speaker, a few days ago I received the Evins Miller, N. Y. watts STATEMENT Fallon Morrison Whitaker The managers on the part of the House shock of my life when I learned that Gillette Moulder Widnall at the conference on the disagreeing votes certain railroads are discriminating Gore Murdock Woodruff Gossett Murphy of the two Houses on the amendment of the against our boys in uniform. I quote House to the bill (S. 271) relating to the from a letter I received from the mother The SPEAKER. On this roll call 374 transfer to the Vermont Agricultural College of a GI: Members have answered to their names, of certain lands in Addison (Jounty, Vt., for Last week my son, a member of the United a quorum. agricultural purposes submit the following States Air Force, was coming home on leave By unanimous consent, further pro statement in explanation of the effect of the before reporting to a port of embarkation ceedings under the call were dispensed action agreed upon by the conferees and base. He was traveling from Chicago to with. recommended in the accompanying confer Binghamton. When he and several otber ence report. members of the Armed Forces started to enter VERMONT AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE The House amendment struck out all after the club car, they were told by the conductor the enacting clause of the Senate bill and Mr. POAGE. Mr. Speaker, I call up inserted an amendment in lieu thereof. The that the car was only for Pullman passengers. the conference report on the bill California [Mr. PHILLIPS]. believe that Feder~! spending increases f erred at ·all to another provision in this Mr. PHILLIPS. Mr. Speaker, the in~ation? Do you believe this is an bill that limits the number of voyages in House created the Appropriations Com emergency and do you believe that in the fiscal year 1952 that may be author mittee, within the memory of many peo wartime we should limit domestic spend ized by the Maritime Administration to ple now sitting on this floor today, to ing anq spend for the defense of the 1,450. . keep Members of the House out of trou country? Those are the questions· be Mr. PHILLIPS. Mr. Speaker, will the ble. I think this is one time when the fore us. gentleman yield? Appropriations Committee has been dili ~· SABATir: Mr. Sp~aker, I yield 7 · Mr. HART. I yield to the gentleman gent. by the action it has taken in ref mmutes to the gentleman from New from Californla. · erence to this bill to keep the Members Jersey [Mr. HART]. Mr. PHILLIPS. That particular point out of trouble. Mr. HART. Mr. Speaker, as my very is not subject to a point of order. It We are going to answer, by our vote good friend from Texas, the chairman does not come under the rule. upon the rule, and I personally hope it of the subcommittee~ has stated there Mr. HART. That is tlie opinion of will be a vote in favor of the rule, five is no reason for heat being employed on the gentleman from California. That very simple questions. Those questions this occasion. . The proposition involved may be the reason the gentleman from are: Do you believe this is an emergency? here is a fundamental one, and that is .Texas did not mention it. Nevertheless, Do you believe that this is a war? Do whether the rules of the House and there is some· doubt as to whether a point you believe that money should be spent whether the jurisdiction of the legisla of order could be made against that pro for the defense of the United States and tive committees of the House are to be vision · because, if enacted into law,' it that, therefore, all other expenditures suspended by the House or whether en would.result in the violation of contracts of the United States domestically should croachments upon those several jurisdic already existing between the Maritime be reduced as much as possible? Do we ,tions ahd violatioris of those rules are to Administration and the shipowners aiid believe that the unlimited expenditure be condoned by·the House. operators of the United States. · · of Federal money has a direct effect to , The only purpose of the rule upon The Maritime Administrator requested ward inflation, and, in very simple lan which we are soon to act, the rule which that there be authorized in this appro guage, do we believe in economy? Those -waives points of order on H. R. 3880 is to priation bill ·su:liicierit funds for a niliii questions you will answer by yes or no validate .what iS admitted to be legisia mum of 1,523 voyages. Even then it·is by your vote upon the· rule. As long as tion co,ntained in an appropri~tion bill in questionable whether 1,523 voyages I have been upon the Committee on Ap violation of the rules of the ;House. l do would satisfy the contractual commit propriations, which is 5 years, subcom not <;iesire to go into the merits of the ments of the Maritime Administration: mittees have come before the Rules Com legislation, particul;:trly. . The gentle But arbitrarily and without recogni mittee asking for closed rules. I think man from California [Mr. PmLupsJ tion of the request of the Maritime Ad in the session before last, the Eighty. stated that the purpose of the Commit ministrator, the subcommittee has cut first Congress, a majority of the Appro tee on Appropriations was to get Mem 'down the number of voyages authorIZed priation Subcommittees asked for rules bers of the House out of trouble. If rules to 1,450, a11 increase of 16 over those waiving points of order, and it gives me of this nature are to be continued if which are estimated to take place in·the a certain slight amusement to hear the there is to be a contin,uous ouster' of fiscal year 1951. gentleman from Kentucky object to this jUrisdiction . of legislative committees, I talked this morning on the telephone rule on the ground that it waives points then the C~ommittee on Appropriations with ·the Administrator of the Maritinle of order when the Committee on Bank is going to get the country into trouble .Administration, Admiral Cochrane. Ad ing and Currency has itself frequently and if the legislative provisions of H. R~ miral Cochrane has been commended by gone before the Committee on Rules and 3880 prevail, at least with respect to the the gentleman from Texas as one of the asked for rules waiving points of order. operations of the Maritime Commission, finest adininistrators in the history of Mr. SPENCE. Mr. Speaker, will the our country will be in trouble. The the country. With that estimate of him gentleman yield? gentleman from Texas fulminated .I fully agree. Yet. he casts aside com Mr. PHILLIPS. Not at the moment. against the prices paid to many people pletely, and his subcommittee casts aside but I will later. If you wish to discuss who had bought ships from the Govern completely, the recommendation of Ad jurisdiction, in which I have no particu ment. Under previous legislation the miral Cochrane with reference to the lar interest, the Committee on Banking Maritime Commission was permitted to number of voyages that will be required and Currency took jurisdiction from the enter into negotiations with the ship in the interests of the United States and Committee on Appropriations when it owners on the question of just compensa the United States merchant marine in passed the housing bill and bypassed tion. Under the previous law and exist the fiscal year 1952. the Committee on Appropriations and ing law they were permitted to offer Mr. Speaker, this is a dangerous gave a blank check upon the taxpay larger amounts to those owners than principle, this business of permitting ers of the United States for a period would be permited under the provisions continual and ever greater encroach of years amounting to about $17 ,000.- of H. R. 3880. But, the question of just ment upon the legislative committees of 000,000. That is a point where juris compensation cannot be defined by a the House by the Appropriations Com diction was seized by the Banking and legislative body. The Constitution of the _mittee. It is a fundamental principle. Currency Committee and not by us. United States and the fifth amendment It is the only real principle involved. I We do not want particularly to make say that everybody shall be given just appeal to those Members who do not ap legislation; I do not think any Appro compensation for private property taken prove of the continuance of that prac priation Subcommittee does, but there or requisitioned by the Government. tice to vote down this rule. are times when a legislative committee What does the record show? The Mr. ALLEN of Illinois. Mr. Speaker does not have time; perhaps, for some record shows even in the light of larger I yield the remainder of my time to th~ reason it has not been able to meet and sums. th.at were offered by the Govern gentleman from Ohio [Mr. BROWN]. to do those things y.rhich should ·be done ment in the negotiations, when the ship Mr. BROWN of Ohio. Mr. Sp~aker, I in this bill and which are necessary in hope that in the few minutes allotted to owners refused to accept such sums and me I may be able to discus., the i·ule 1951 CONGRES-SIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 4803 which is before us, and perhaps clarify :whether .they should be turned down: jority of the .House that it should have some of the misunderstandings which whether there should now be some re no right to pass upon these special pro seemingly are apparent here today. strictions placed on them, whether we visions in this bill, then vote "No." In the beginning, may I point out should. go ahead with these gigantic All the Committee on Rules is giving that when this bill and the application building programs which were barely in submitting this rule, the right for the for this rule were before the Commit approved when we thought we had peace, House to decide for itself what it wants tee on Rules we were advised there were and perhaps might face a depression; or to do. A vote of "Yes" will give each eight provisions in the bill .which would whether we should suspend that pro of us that right. A "No" vote is a vote be subject to a point of order as legisla gram for t:Qe present, .at least. against permitting the House to work its tion on an appropriation bill? Of course, I am sure the members of our differ will on these important questions-a under the rules of the· House, legislation ent legislative committees who have vote against economy, a vote for waste cannot be made a part of an appropria spoken here today are able men, honest and extravagance-at a time when our tion bill unless points of order . are and sincere men. But they can present country must conserve its strength iri the waived. The waiving_of points of ord.er, their points of view on these different face of great peril. . as provided in this rule, does siinply sections of the bill to the House, provid Mr. . SABATH. Mr. Speaker, I Yield one thing-and I wish to make this very ing we adopt this rule. If they can con 1 minute to the gentleman from· New clea.r-it permits the membership of the vince the House their. position is right, York [Mr. CELLERJ. House. to pass upon each of these eig:i.1t the House will go along with them and ,provisions upon its merits. The. rule strike such sections from the bill, or STAND ~y STANDING COMM~ES does not provide these. eight: provisions ·amend them. · · Mr. CELLER. Mr. Speaker, I sym shall be enacted into law. Voting for Mr. RO.ONE:Y. · ;Mr. Speaker, wiil the pathize with the views of the . chair this rule does not approve a single one gentleman -yield for a _question? . . men . of the Committees on Banking of these provisions. The rule simply Mr. BROWN of Ohio. I cannot yield and Currency and Merchant Marine. sets aside the right of one individual at this time. Today their ju'risdiction is invaded, and Member of the House to prevent, by his Mr. ROONEY. Will the gentleman tomorrow the Appropriations Committee objection, or by the making of · a poirit yield. just :for a brief question? will poach on the preserves of Judiciary of order, the majority of the House of : Mr. BROWN of Ohio. I cannot yield and next · day Foreign Affairs. Prece Representatives from working its will on at this time ·and I will apprecfate it if dents have a habit of begetting preced~ that particular section of the bill. the gentleman will observe the rules of ents. Finally· the Appropriations .Com I have tb:e, higl1,est regard ~nd the the House. · - mittee becomes the-arbiter of our fate greatest respect for our legislative coin~ . :Mr. ROONEY. Will ~he gentleman becomes the cong.ressional pooh bah-_ mittees. In the long· years I have served yield n_ow? ~ It is . not a question of economy or on the Committee on Rules, I have usu ' Mr. BROWN of Ohio. If the members ,otherwise. The vote is for the sanctity al~y opposed the granting of rules car ·of the different legislative committees o.f the jurisdiction of standing commit".' rYlng a waiver of points of order. Yet I who have spoken here today think they .tees. That is. all. am not unmindful of the fact that every are correct in what they have said as to We inveigh against. the habit in. the legislative committee of the House, the provisions of this bill, certainly, with other body of placing legislative pro~ alinost without exception, and I dare all of their ability. and great oratoricai visions on our appropriation bills~ We say without a single exception, has come prowess, they can convince the majority cannot compla_in, if we pass this rule. before the Committee on Rules and re of the House to vote with them; and if The other group will say: Before· you quested a waiver of points of order. I the majority of the House desires to take the mote out of my eye look to the am not unmindful of the fact that when place any ·limitations upon these Gov .beam in your own. We become guilty of the great Committee ·on Banking and ernment . expenditures in view of the the abuse against which we usually in- Currency brought in the housing bill, great national emergency with which we veigh. . which is dealt with in this appropria -are now faced, that it is right and proper There were no· publfo hearings before tion bill, it had been so written as to .we should be .just a little careful as to the Appropriations Subcommittee. Dis entirely bypass the Committee . on Ap how we spend our public moneys, 'that interested witnesses were not heard. propriations; so that the money was we ought to postpone some of these Only Government witnesses appeared. appropriated at the very same time great projects which have been author;.. _Before standing committees both sides the authorization was approved. There .ized in .the past for a while, then the of a controversy are heard. In the inter fore, the only way in the world the House can and will so vote. est of fairness and orderly procedure vote House of Representatives can pass upon Mr. ROONEY. Mr. Speaker-- down this rule. the particular housing question involved Mr. BROWN of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, I . Mr. SABATH. Mr. Speaker, I yield in this bill is through the adoption of refuse to yield. _the remainder of my time to the·gentle' this rule. Otherwise, we will never have Mr. ROONEY. I am addressing the man from North Carolina [Mr. BoNNERJ. an opportunity to pass upon it. Speaker. The SPEAKER. The gentleman from It is exactly true, as the distinguished The SPEAKER pro tempore World War I, which the United States had On April 25 the judge called the jurors to ·trict of Columbia. Dr. Rumely will be tried not yet entered, that funds from private per gether, found that an ·had received a copy of by a jury composed of residents in the Dis sons were transmitted to this country the Patman smear booklet. The court clerk trict of Columbia. What other purpose ha!i through the German Government. · · had identified a man who attended all the Mr. PATMAN than the p9ssibility of preju "After the United States became a bel sessions of the Rumely trial as the· one who dicing those who might be called as jurors? ligerant, Dr. Rumely reported to the Alien asked how he might get a copy of the names That he had a planned purpose is obvious, Property Custodian indebtedness to the indi and addresses of all the jurors. Said clerk for his unfounded charges have been picked vidual in r~uestion. The Government main directed the inquirer to the proper source up by the more radical of the labor press tained that the money was furnished by the and later saw the man with a young woman with a unanimity that can scarcely be a German Government, and Dr. Rumely and copying the names. coincidence. his two legal advisers were indicted for con The clerk also identified the man as one "Our examination of the CONGRESSIONAL spiracy to violate the Trading With the ·With whom he had seen Mr. Hitz, the Gov RECORD reveals that during the last 7 years, Enemy Act. ernment prosecutor, in conversation. Mr. PATMAN has delivered in the House of "The trial involved this technical charge. "Mr. HITZ. I remember that and I would Representatives a total of 29 attacks upon It was long and complex, and a jury found like to describe him; maybe you would rec Dr. Rumely. Once he worked himself up Dr. Rumely and his codefendants guilty. ognize him from the description. He was into such a state that he made three attacks In a subsequent statement, a majority of short, about 5 feet 6-I don't remember the same legislative day. Should this curi the jurors declared that 'it was our disposi that he was stocky; I would say just small; ous persistence come under examination of tion to give the Government the benefit of and he had medium-colored brown hair; he a psychiatrist, an expected diagnosis might whatever doubt existed' and that had they had eyeglasses and he had quite a Jewish be megalomania. known of evidence that was suppressed at cast to his face, and that individual is named "In his 29 diatribes, :Mr. PATMAN has the trial, 'this new evidence would have Goodman or Goldman, but in any event he is termed Dr. Rumely a Fascist, a German spy, altered our verdict.' the local lobbyist for Walter Reuther. a superinternational lobbyist, a traitor to the "The jurors also petitioned to have their "I remember a conversation of that sort Nation, a diabolical operator, a despicable verdict set aside. Both the trial judge and or in that place, so that this also might mean character, and an American Judas Iscariot. the chief prosecutor recommended a pardon. something to Mr. Fitzgerald. The conversa Although such invective and grave accusa The facts of the case were studied by At tion concerned the desire of Walter Reuther, tion pepper his remarks with what appears torney General Harlan Fiske Stone, later in the event the Government should convict to be reckless abandon, Mr. PATMAN has exer Chief Justice of the United States. Mr. in this case, to be allowed to file a brief cised extraordinary caution: not once, so far Stone wrote President Coolidge to the effect amicus curiae in the court of appeals in as we of this committee have been able to that in bis opinion there was absence of support of the conviction, and in that con discover, bas be made his now familiar' adequate evidence of criminal inten+, in the versation I said that if they made any effort speech outside the comfortably safe shield case, that the defendants had been gravely to do it, I would oppose it. There is a pos of congressional immunity. We doubt that prejudiced in their trial and that they were sible party who was there throughout the he ever will. in fact innocent, notwithstanding the judg trial and who I do remember talking to; that "One gathers from Mr. PATMAN's privileged ment of conviction and its afilrmance. The might be of some help. remarks that he considers Dr. Rumely far President issued unconditional pardons to "Mr. BURKINSHAW. May I express an opin beneath association with upright men. all three defendants. ion on the record? The girl involved is the This is a reflection that such men as Theo "All Dr. Rumely's civil rights were restored, reporter for the CIO newspaper." dore Roosevelt, Henry Ford, and William E. but the two lawyers were still disbarred. It seems very likely that this Mr. Goodman Borah are unable to return from the grave Leaders of the Bar Association pressed their is none other than the Leo Goodman, direc to refute. With these men and many more case, and the lawyers were reinstated by tor of the CIO National Housing Committee, of similar uprightness Dr. Rumely has worked Chief Justice Cardozo of the New York Court who testified before the Buchanan commit in closest association and confidence. of Appeals, who sensed 'an abiding and tee and attacked the CCG and its activities, "Mr. PATMAN describes Dr. Rumely as a reasoned distrust of the verdict.' including our sending out franked material. German spy trying to direct thought con "'A pardon may in some conditions be a Louis Little, the first counsel to the trol in the United States. Time was when warning,' said Judge Cardozo, 'as significant Buchanan committee, on bis first visit to our be pronounced Dr. Rumely's work a great as a judgment of reversal that the looms of offices said, "If you're going to publish a book, service. Before the Committee for Consti the law have woven a fabric of injustice. Why the Taft-Hartley Law? and if the labor tutional Government was organized, Dr. The very case at hand is indeed an apposite leaders do not like that, why shouldn't they Rumely was the organizer and executive sec mustration. The record makes it plain that know if their bosses, in a city like Milwaukee, retary of the Committee for the Nation, an the pardon was granted because the Presi buy that book in quantities and dist.rib organization of businessmen, farm leaders, dent of the United States was advised by ute it?" and economists which was in high favor at his Attorney General that ·the petitioners During the whole proceedings the labor the White House before the New Deal went were innocent.' press, directly informed by Buchanan, had chasing butterflies and socialism. And some " 'But you do not say a person is not guilty carried on, week by week, a bitter campaign, of the most appreciative letters written from because he was pardoned,' Mr. PATMAN in featuring attacks upon us. Frank Edwards, Congress to the Committee for the Nation sisted in the House, March 7. 'There is no A. F. of L. radio commenta~or, gave up part of came from Representative WRIGHT PATMAN, reason to pardon unless guilt is involved.' his radio time for Frank Buchanan's libelous of Texas. 'I am reading all the information "Such reasoning in the face of the Car attacks upon us, charging that our book sales you send me,' Mr. PATMAN wrote Dr. Rumely's dozo opinion that the defendants were were a phony sales dodge the night before organization. 'You are rendering the Mem wrongly convicted belongs with the won Dr. Rumely's first appearance before the bers of Congress and the country a great derful nonsense of Alice in Wonderland and Buchanan committee. This showed a care service.' Alice Through the Looking Glass. It re fully planned campaign, worked out in ad "Dr. Rumely and other members of the flects the logic of the Mad Hatter, the juris vance, centering upon book sales because of Committee for the Nation held frequent prudence of the Red Queen. 'When I use a the mass distribution of The Road Ahead. meetings in Mr. PATMAN's omce. Then that word,' said Humpty Dumpty, 'it means just SPECIAL ORDER GRANTED committee was fighting for a stable dollar what I choose it to mean-neither more and the principles of the Goldsborough bill nor less.' Mr. JENKINS. Mr. Speaker, I ask and Mr. PATMAN gave all-out support. To "If Mr. PATMAN is right about Dr. Rumely, unanimous consent that on Monday and day the Committee for Constitutional Gov then the trial judge, the. chief prosecutor, Tuesday next, after the legislative pro ernment is fighting for the identical dollar the jurors, Chief Justice Stone :md Mr. Jus gram and the conclusion of special or· stability to which PATMAN at that time gave tice Cardozo of the Supreme Court of the ders heretofore granted, I may address all-out endorsement, and Dr. Rumely, as ex United States were wrong." ecutive secretary, is acting in the same ca Very truly yours, t~e House for 15 minutes on each pacity as he acted for the Committee for the COMMITTEE FOR CONSTITUTIOhAL occasion. Nation. GOVERNMENT, The SPEAKER pro tempore making appro purchase money to an American citizen then of the WRIGHT PATMAN smear material to all priations for the Executive Office and living in Germany: It was then during jurors brought out some interesting facts; sundry iridependent executive bureaus, 1951 . CONGRBSSiONAL RE . CORD~HO.USE 4807 boards, commissions, corporations, agen pui"ely....:..90 percent of them-boards and $1,200,000,000. We have required a re cies, and offices for the fiscal year ending commissions on which both parties are duction of nearly $70,000,000 and I think June 30, 1952, and for other purposes. represented; therefore we do take a non they could stand a little further reduc Pending that motion, Mr. Speaker, I partisan attitude. But as I say we com tion, but it is a very vital agency and we ask unanimous consent that general de promised our differences and we went hope they will economize. The Atomic bate be limited to 4 hours, half of the above the budget in allowing $65 a month Energy Commission is made up of grand, time to be controlled by the gentleman to about 800 cadet midshipmen in the patriotic men. They have a difficult job. from California [Mr. PHILLIPS] and half Merchant Marine School at Kings Point, I do not want to minimize their effort. by the majority on this side. N. Y. Outside of those items there were They are surrounded with secrecy and The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there no increases. it may be sometimes that the secrecy de objection to the request of the gentle We think the language in the bill saves tracts from their efficiency rather than man from Texas? many millions of dollars. This bill, of adding to it, but, still, they must obey There was no objection. course, is made up of a great many items, the secrecy rules written into the act. The SPEAKER pro tempore. The some 35 agencies, and some of the agen I think they do, by and large, a good job question is on the motion of the gentle cies consist of two or three parts. Take, but we do hope they will watch their man from Texas [Mr. THOMAS]. for instance, the Housing and Home construction costs. They are spending The motion was agreed to. Finance Agency which is made up of the n ore money than anybody in the Gov Accordingly the House resolved itself Office of the Administrator, the Federal ernment for construction outside of the into the Committee of the Whole House Housing Administration, the Public armed services. on the State of the Union for the con Housing Administration, the Home Own The other big item is the Civil Service sideration of the bill H. R. 3880, with ers' Loan Corporation, and the Home .Commission. Of course, the lion's share Mr. CHELF in the chair. Loan Bank Board. And while I am men of that is for an item, as the gentleman The Clerk read the title of the bill. tioning HOLC, let me give you this news, from Kansas [Mr. REES] well knows, we if I may. In 1934, if my memory serves cannot do very much about. That is the By unanimous consent, the first read me correctly, the Congress created the r1::tirement fund for civil-service em in& of the bill was dispensed with. old Home Owners Loan Corporation. ployees. However, we did reduce that The CHAIRMAN. Under the consent Mr. Chairman, you are through with it $20,000,000. agreement the gentleman from Texas now. We wound it up this year and you The CHAIRMAN. The time of the CMr. THOMAS] will be recognized for 2 will not have to look at it any more I gentleman from Texas has again ex hours and the gentleman from California hope. What a grand job they have done. pired. [Mr. PHILLIPS] for 2 hours. When it is all wound up you will find it Mr. PHILLIPS. Mr. Chairman, I yield The gentleman from Texas is rec has not cost the taxpayers of this coun myself 13 minutes. ognized. try one red cent. On the contrary, it Mr. Chairman, the subcommittee Mr. THOMAS. Mr. Chairman, I yield has turned back into the Treasury, after brings this bill to the floor with con myself 5 minutes. doing this magnificent job, a profit of siderable pride in its accomplishments, Mr. Chairman, let me discuss the high $15,000,000. in which pride the minority concurs, points in the bill for just a few minutes. Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Chairman, at least in the attempted accomplish I respectfully ask the membership to will the gentleman yield? ment of keeping down the expenses of turn to the report of the committee. Mr. THOMAS. I ·yield to the gentle Government from year to year. As you Our clerks, Mr. Duvall and Mr. Skarin, man from Massachusetts. follow the suggestions of the gentle nave worked hard upon this report. Mr. McCORMACK. In addition to man from Texas and look at the requests The gentleman from California CMr. that, it saved thousands and thousands and the cuts which appear in the back PHILLIPS], myself, and other members of homes. of the report you will find we have done of the committee have changed and re Mr. THOMAS. That is correct. what I think should be considered a vised, changed again and revised fur Mr. McCORMACK. Which is not only credible job. I think also I should say ther, and we commend it· to you; we valuable from the materia.l angle but that we take considerable pride in our think it is complete and that it will give also from the spiritual and the govern chairman. We have a chairman who has you a lot of meat, particularly the facts mental angle because family life is the the ability to grasp and to retain in very and figures in most, if not all, of the big basis of society. great detail the figures which are items. Mr. THOMAS. They did a magnifi brought before us ~n the justifications. I If you will turn to the tabulation in cent job for thousands and thousands doubt if many of you know that this the back of the report you will find two of home owners. particular subcommittee has the budget plus items over the 1952 budget estimates. Mr. McCORMACK. All under Demo requests of 35 agencies of Government, But that is misleading as to the item for cratic administrations. each having a separate objective and, the National Capital Housing Authority. Mr. THOMAS. The gentleman is therefore, a separate type of work, and The budget left that item out. As well right. that, in addition to all the material as I remember it was only $32,000 for The CHAIRMAN. The time of the presented to us in the original bound operating expenses, and the way the gentleman from Texas has expired. document, we have a supplementary pile budget had set it up was that it would by Mr. THOMAS. Mr. Chairman, I yield of justifications in mimeographed or pass the Congress and use its own funds. myself two additional minutes. typed form which would extend that high Therefore . when the committee got a Mr. Chairman, there are three big from the table. It is a very arduous look a.tits operating expense it ch~nged iteins in the bill. One of them is for job, it is a job which takes practically the budget language and put it back in the Veterans' Administration. There all of the time of the Members from the hands of the House, as formerly, has been a big reduction from last year the middle of January until we come where the Congress could appropriate amounting to about $1,832,095,000. Ap to the floor of the House with the bill. the Housing people's own money, so tech propriations for 1951 amounted to nearly It has been a pleasure for me to work nically it is carried as a plus over the $6,000,000,000 and next year they will be on the subcommittee in the 5 years that budget when in truth and in fact it is about $4,000,000,000. That comes about I have been there; first under the gen not. In effect, you do not appropriate in spite of the fact that we are going to tleman from Massachusetts [Mr. WIG additional money; you merely give them put in operation in 1952 10,250 new hos GLESWORTH] and now under the gentle authority under direction of the Con pital beds and, incidentally, we grant man from Texas [Mr. THOMAS] and gress to use funds deposited by the Au them 10,895 new employees, more than with the other Members on both sides, thority into the Treasury. one new employee to every bed. So we minority and majority, and with two There is another item in the tabula are taking care of our sick veterans. The very cooperative and able members of tion which has a plus sign, and the re reduction comes about by virtue of the the stair, William Duvall and Homer mainder of the 40 or 50 items have minus fact that the training programs are grad Skarin. I think you should share our signs under the budget estimates. The ually getting lower and lower. We still entitlement to a certain amount of pride committee after much friendly argu have a remnant of the 52-20 group, but m the results when you compare the ment, and I might say that there is not that will be wound up, too, very soon. figures which we set up for this year in any partisanship on this committP.e be Another big item is the Atomic Energy the bill with the requests made by the cause it deals with independent agencies Comniission. They requested about Bureau of the Budget. 4808 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MAY 3 I am, however, more and more firmly .the item on page 37 regarding strategic .selves still to the 40-hour week. Just a convinced as the days go by tbat this and critical materials. Have they been 44-hour week would make unnecessary is not the entire comparison we shoul!i eliminated? about 5 per:cent of the people who are make, and if we are to do anything about Mr. PHILLIPS. No, they were not currently being iisked for. the rising costs of Government and the eliminated. They came up and got the There is ·a third thing we can do. I rising centralization of power, we have money in advance of this bill. They re shall off er one amendment, when the to make other comparisons of figures. ceived from us last year $3,038,548,370. bill is read for amendment tomorrow, Therefore, if you were to take the ex Presently they have on h:md $1,- which will test the desire of the House penditures of the departments and 623,543,734. We are very sensitive on the for economy by lifting out from the Fed agencies, the costs to the t~xpayers for subject of strategic material and have eral Government a complete function, the year 1939, and then take them for never denied them any money. .a very minor f.unction, a very simple the year 1947, if you wish, as I have them . Mr. JOHNSON. I am glad to hear little function which involves only on this sheet, and then the requests that. · $150,000, but a function which is a rec which those agencies made for fiscal Mr. PHILLIPS. The gentleman is a ognized duplication of work presently year 1952, and then, of course, the fourth very able member of that subcommittee. being done better and more economically column would be the amount that we Mr. JOHNSON. I did not think that in every State of the United States. have allowed them out of those requests, they had abandoned the efforts that they Finally, we should say, I think, to all you would be somewhat concerned as are making. the States of the United States, "We are I am somewhat concerned. The Civil Mr. PHILLIPS. They are not aban~ $257,000,000,000 in the red. Every one of Service Commission, of which the gen doning them. The gentleman need have .YOU is boasting that you have money in tleman from Texas just spoke and witb no concern. We are glad to follow the your treasury.'' My State has an which the gentleman from Kansas [Mr. advice of his subcommittee. nounced to the world that it will finish REES] is personally familiar, had an Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. Mr. Chair this fiscal year with $51,000,000 surplus. appropriation of $78,000,000 in 1939. In man, will the gentleman yield? So there is absolutely no excuse for the 1947 that had jumped to $236,500,000, Mr. PHILLIPS. I yield to the gentle States' coming to us, even under normal and for the current year the Commis man from Massachusetts. circumstances, and asking us to pay for sion asked for $343,000,000, and we al Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. I call the things which from time immemorial lowed them $321,000,000. That is an gentleman's attention to a proviso. that have been done by the States or have increase of 339 percent in the 12-year has already been referred to, on page 45 been done by business or have been done period and an increase in the 5-year of the bill. by individuals. This is not a normal period of 45 percent. The Federal Power Mr. PHILLIPS. Will the gentleman time. This is an emergency, when the Commission jumped from $1,900,000 to permit me to finish the thought I was children in the family must assume some $3,735,000 and in 5 years to $4,338,600. just concluding and then come back to of.the obligations and the debts and the The recent 5 years is the comparison we that and answer the question? expenses of the parents, who are so should make, because that is the post Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. I will be very deeply in debt. That, I think, we must war comparison. That is the period glad to. put across to our own States first, and in which the present occupant of the Mr. PHILLIPS. Before I am ques we may as well begin now. White House has been the President of tioned on other matters, my thought is Those are things that I do want the the United States, and he was the post that we have come to a place in the his House to think about. war President. I have not included in tory of the Congress when we must rec Now, may I come back to the question these figures thP, figures for the war pe ognize that something more must be done of the gentleman from Massachusetts? riods except as they might have jumped to save the integrity of the dollar, to save Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. I call the from prewar to the immediate post the economy of the United States, than gentleman's attention to the proviso on war period. just a nQminal cut in the requests which page 45 of the bill, which limits the pay Next is the Federal Trade Commission come to us from the President through ment of operating subsidies to not ex which jumped from 2.1 millions to 2.8. the Bureau of the Budget. As I see it, ceeding 1,450 voyages, including the between 1937 and 1947 and then jumped that can be done only in some three or number of voyages under contracts a cool million in the last 5 years. four ways, other than w~ are doing now. hereafter a warded. General Services Administration is The first of those ways obviously is Mr. PHILLIPS. There has been a difficult to figure, because it is a com to improve the procedures of govern great deal of discussion about that. I bination of other agencies. I have at ment. There is no excuse in the world think there is argument on both sides. tempted in this analysis to take those for asking for 450,000 additional em The committee feels that that number agencies which are now in the General ployees, as I read in the paper the other should not be in excess of the actual Services Administration and show that day, until we have exhausted every pos number of voyages which will be under those same agencies in 1939 received sibility of improving the procedures of taken, and therefore for which an op .. $480,000,000; in 1947 they had jumped domestic government so the same num erating subsidy will be required. only to $578,000,000, but in the inter ber of people can do a greater amount The gentleman will remember that I, vening 5 years they have jumped to of work. myself, was on the floor a year ago in $1,650,000,000, which is an increase in 5 As I remarked, to the surprise of some behalf of the inclusion 0f vessels which years of 244 percent. So, you go on down, of my colleagues in the full committee had filed applications for voyages, but and if any of you have any special inter when this was brought up, it so happens those applications had not yet been acted ests I will be very glad to tell you the that this is a very personal matter with upon. I still feel the same way. I am figures. These are only in our subcom me. For a yea1· and a half in World hopeful that before we come to this in mittee bill, and outside of that you have War I, I was on duty in the Ordnance the bill an exact figure may be obtain.. the same thing. Federal Security Departmeni;, attempting to change the able wnich wi~l tell us whether or not jumped from $758 million to $928 million procedures of that department in such a 1,450 is correct. and then in 5 years made an enormous way that the same number of people That was the figure this committee jump to $2,154,483,011. Commerce could do an increasing amount of work. had to work. The figure of 1,434 voyages jumped from $239,000,000 in 8 years to You see how old-fashioned we were. were given us as the voyages contem $368,000,000, and ~hen doubled to $761,- This year we would have rushed up to plated dur:ng the current fiscal year. 000,000, a 218 percent jump. This does the Appropriations Committee and asked The committee raisec'!. that to 1,450. If · bot include the Atomic Energy Commis for 10,000 additional employees. But there is a technical point involved that sion, and I have not included the Na we did not know that was the thing to that money may not be used for these tional Advisory Committee on Aeronau do. We thought then it was the desir not-yet-contracted voyages, then I think tics, both of which are defense items. able and economic thing to use the same we should learn that and make some cor Mr. JOHNSON. Mr. Chairman, will number of people to a greater possible rection of it. the gentleman yield? usefulness. Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. I notice on Mr. PHILLIPS. I yield to the gentle~ The second thing we can do is being page 1464 of the hearings, pursuant to man from California. partly done, but it can be carried out the request made by the gentleman from Mr. JOHNSON. I wonder if the gen more broadly; that is, if this is a war California [Mr. PHILLIPS] of Admiral tleman would be kind enough to explain emergency, we should not confine our~ Cochran, a table indicating that there 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 4809 ls contemplated an average number· of direct the examination in order that assume a greater share of the costs, be voyages to the number of 1,523 in the maximum benefit could be derived. cause regulation is necessary. I think fiscal year 1952; and that if applications I want also to thank very much the also that the Government should be able pending but not included in the fiscal gentleman from Alabama CMr. AN to recapture some of the costs that go 1952 budget be considered, there would DREWS], the gentleman from Tennessee into the hearings of the other regula appear to be another 300 voyages in the [Mr. GORE], and Mr. PHILLIPS for their tory agencies. Such f ee·s are appropri picture. Does not the gentleman think cooperation and frienqship in making ate for many of the hearings which that the number of voyages provided for the difficult job of understanding the ap take place before the Interstate Com in the bill should be increased? propriations not as difficult and not as merce Commission. I know that in my Mr. PHILLIPS. I think that is a pos complex as it would otherwise have been, home city of Chicago the city requires sibility and I think the gentleman's point and I know that Mr. COUDERT, of New the ·owner of every building which oper is worth exploring. All I can say at the York, and Mr. COTTON, of New Hamp ates a passenger elevator to obtain a li moment is that f:ome very distinguished shire, who like myself were newcomers cense for that elevator, and in order to members of the Maritime Administration to.the committee, share my viewpoint on recoup the costs for inspection in such ·of the Department of Commerce are this. licensing it requires a rather nominal presently being quoted with differing On the whole, there was basic agree license fee. figui es and we should determine that ment between the members of our sub The Interstate Commerce Commissfon before tomorrow. committee on the appropriations. There is required to inspect locomotives of rail Mr. SMITH of Virginia. Mr. Chair were some differences, and rather sharp roads, safety appliances, signaling man, will the gentleman yield? differences. I personally disagreed with systems, various facilities of that type. Mr. PHILLIPS. I yield. . the other members of the subcommittee The Government pays every cent for Mr. SMITH of Virginia. I was inter on the appropriations for the Housing this operation. In addition to that, ested in the gentleman's statement that and Home Finance Agency. I disagreed much of the work of the Interstate Com there was a situation there to correct and with the members of the subcommittee merce Commission is involved with hear on which he proposed to offer an amend with respect to the appropriations for the ings on applications for certificates of ment, but I do not think he specified Federal Trade Commission for another, convenience and necessity for bus lines just what portion of the bill was involved. and there were other difierences, as and other common carriers. The Gov Mr. PHILLIPS. I was going to indi there are bound to be in an appropria ernment assumes the complete cost of cate that when I offered the amendment. tion bill of this size. such hearings in spite of the fact that Mr. DONDERO. Mr. Chairman, will For the first time, our subcommittee here again it grants a franchise which the gentleman yield? went into a new question, the question is very valuable to the company making Mr. PHILLIPS. I yield. as to whether or not there should be the application, and in the operation of Mr. DONDERO. At the bottom of page charges and fees made by regulatory which franchise it is protected from 37 of the report appear two items with agencies of the Government for many of competition. a minus sign before them. One is for the services which they render to those Each of the Commissioners. who ap the Federal court building in the Dis who come within their jurisdiction. One peared before us was asked his opinion of the great problems that faces our as to whether or not it was feasible to trict of Columbia, and the other for the country is the difficulty of the regulatory General Accounting Office building. Do charge for a portion of the operations of commissions to cope with the complexi the agency, and in each event the Com I understand from reading those figures ties of our growing industrialized soci that both of those buildings have now missioner thought that it would be prac ety, to deal with the regulatory problems ticable. Not only that, one Commis been ·completed and that no further for which they were created and with money is needed? sioner expressed the viewpoint that such which they are confronted. A realistic a practice would not only be feasible, Mr. PHILLIPS. The answer is "Yes." appraisal of their function requires in The distinguished gentleman from Mich but would deter and do away with many creased appropriations, because their superfluous applications. Therefore, igan has a natural interest in these out problems and difficulties grow as our standing public buildings. The authori- the subcommittee in its deliberations de economy grows. As an example I cite cided to put a new legislative section into , zations came from the Committee on the Federal Communications Commis Public Works, in the session when he the bill which would permit each of the sion. The Federal Communications agencies to appraise its own operations served as its chairman. · Commission grants franchises, licenses, Mr. DONDERO. I thank the gentle to see whether or not it would be possible certificates of convenience and necessity, to recapture for the Government some man. if you will, to all broadcasting stations Mr. ANDREWS. Mr. Chairman, we of the costs that the Government incurs upon application for such licenses, fran in connection with this regulation yield 10 minutes to the gentleman from chises, and certificates. The Commission Illinois [Mr. YATES). through the establishment of a schedule undertakes extensive hearings first in of fees. Mr. YATES. Mr. Chairman, at the connection with a construction permit; outset I would like to join with my col secondly on the question as to the allo The second point that I would like to league on the subcommittee, the rank cation of the position of a particular discuss is the appropriation for the Fed ing member, Mr. PHILLIPS, in paying a broadcast.er in the spectrum of .mega eral Trade Commission. I have no well-deserved tribute to the chairman of cycles over which the Federal Commu quarrel with the appropriation as such, our subcommittee, ALBERT THOMAS, of nications Commission has control. That but my disagreement with tlie others on Texas. is a pretty difficult job and a complicat the subcommittee relates to the portion This was the first chance I had to ob ed job, and entails extensive hearings by of the report which states that the item serve the chairman of our subcommittee the Federal Communications Commis of $25,000 for an index of the concentra in action. I was constantly amazed by sion. The taxpayers pay every dollar of tion of wealth has been stricken from the experience, the perspicacity, and the the charges and of the costs that go into the bill. I do not know what effect that complete knowledge and thorough under that hearing. The companies pay noth statement in the report has. I do not standing with which the gentleman from ing, other than taxes, and I think it is believe it is legally control).ing upon the Texas attacked the problem before us of only fair that in exchange for the fran Commission, but I believe that if the obtaining the facts with reference to the chise that the Government -gives the Commission disregarded it, it would be justification for appropriations of the 35 broadcasting company and the protec criticized, to say the least. I believe it agencies appearing before our subcom tion which the Government affords to is extremely important, particularly at mittee. As the gentleman from Cali such broadcasting company to assure its this time when we are moving into a fornia pointed out, the justifications pre freedom from interference in the opera period of rearmament that we know the sented to our subcommittee, if laid end tion of its broadcasting facilities in the to end, would stack up about 5 feet from particular point of the spectrum which it direction in which industry is moving in the floor, and the gentleman from Texas occupies, that it should pay some of the this country. Is there increasing mo painstakingly and diligently analyzed costs of the hearings, It is perfectly nopoly growth? How much? We know each of those appropriations so that when proper that the franchised company that in the last war, in World War II, testimony was taken, he was thoroughly make a profit, and there has been much the · Government concentrated the conversant with the material and able to _profit making, Such companies should awarding of the major portion of its '4810 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MAY 3 prime contracts in the hands of rela business if it is properly organized and Every agency in the Government is re tively few big businesses, and I think given the right kind of work to do. quired to file an annual report, but there that the work of the Federal Trade Com Mr. YATES. I agree with what the is no central agency that I know of, mission at that time in bringing forward gentleman has said and I thank him for with the exception of the Federal Trade the facts showing the number of con the statement. Commission, that can collate this ma- tracts that went to big business, the The point I am making, and I plead it . terial, that can join it together, so that number of contracts that went to small with utmost earnestness, is that it is we in the Congress may be made aware business, the direction in which industry vitally important· that we know what of the direction of business growth in in this country was moving, was a very the condition of big business and small this country. valuable survey. I think that now as we business is in this country. We must My other major point of disagreement move into this period of rearmament, as have facts. It is necessary that we be with the other members of the subcom we appropriate billions and billions of able to trace ~ny concentration of mittee is in connection with the provi dollars which will go into the industrial wealth toward monopoly because un sions relating to the Public Housing Ad output, into the industrial building up of less we do that we have no basis upo~ ministration. this Nation, it is necessary for us to know which to draft legislation in this Con Under the terms of the Housing Act of where that money is going. We must gress and we have no basis upon which 1949 the Public Housing Administration have facts in this Congress if we are to to protect the small business of the was given the responsibility of construct legislate intelligently. The Federal country. ing 135,000 units per year. In view of Trade Commission is responsible for pre Mr. JOHNSON. I concur heartily in restrictions on building materials, in senting us with facts on monopoly what the gentleman has said. We want view of the demands for the use of build growth, and if we refuse to give them to find out if there is a concentration of ing materials for defense purposes, the funds with which to do our work, we are wealth and we ought to know the tend Bureau of the Budget cut that number 'not only being recreant, but foolhardy. ency and the direction it is going. to 75,000 units. I insist there is no justi It is necessary for us to be able to de Mr. YATES. Of course, we have to fication in the hearings which warrant a termine whether big business is snufllng have those facts. Here we are appro further cut; however, this subcommittee out competition, to determine whether priating in excess of $6,000,000,000 in the arbitrarily and without reason cut the small business is destined to be excluded pending bill. Twenty-five thousand dol number of these units to 50,000. What entirely from the economy of our lars is all that will be required to permit this does, in my opinion, is to upset the country. the Federal Trade Commission to con schedule for public housing in all cities . The CHAIRMAN. The time of the tinue with its study of the concentra throughout the country, and every ' gentleman from Illinois has expired. tion of wealth in this country. In my metropolitan community desperately I Mr. ANDREWS. Mr. Chairman, I opinion, it would be foolhardy, it would needs housing. ·yield the gentleman 10 additional be false economy, if we did not permit The chairman stated, and I think his minutes. that agency to continue that study at statement was accurate as far as it went, Mr. YATES. Mr. Chairman, all of us this particular time. that under the Public Housing Act of agree that 'the greatest weapon we have Let me cite in support of my point 1949, in the event that all of the 810,000 in our fight against an enemy and what the Hoover Commission has said are constructed, there might be a maxi against communism is the industrial po on what should be the proper function mum contribution demanded of the Fed tential of this country. To my mind one of the Federal Trade Commission. It is eral Government of $320,000,000 per of the most vital parts of that industrial directed right to this particular point: year. That would assume, however, that potential is the tremendous number of In addition, the Federal Trade Commission all of the units provided for under the small businesses that are scattered can and should constitute a reservoir of in Housing Act of 1949 were constructed be throughout the length and breadth of formation on the structure of the economy fore that maximum guaranty went into this Nation. If we find that more and and of specific industries. This information effect. That is the maximum amount more Government business is being should be available to the antitrust agen cies and to other Government agencies, such which the Federal Government would be channelled into big business, and that as those concerned with defense. By its re required to pay under any consideration. just cannot be avoided, small business ports to Congress and the public, the Com But let us look at the facts. The Chair will fall by the wayside and, to use a mission should keep them abreast of changes man's statement should be compared phrase of the Senate Small Business in the structure of the economy and aware with actual facts relating to the Housing Committee, our pathway will be strewn of needed legislative action. Act of 1937 under which the Federal with their corporate corpses. Mr. Chairman, that is an eminently Government also was required to niake Mr. JOHNSON. Mr. Chairman, will correct statement. Only the Federal a similar contribution. Under previous the gentleman yield? Federal housing acts the actual contribu Mr. YA TES. I yield to the gentleman Trade Commission can make a survey of from California. this type; there is no other agency in tions of the Federal Qovernment were a~ Mr. JOHNSON. I came in touch with the .Government that can undertake it. follows: this problem that the gentleman is talk .Relationship of actual contributions to contract contributions, United States Housing ing about when we drafted the termina Act program tion of war contracts bill. In the last war out in my area we had the small Public Law 412 Public Law 671 Total businesses out there form pools in the city of Stockton and in the city of Fiscal year- Contract Per- A.JC paid Contract Per Contract Per Sacramento and they would handle the A/C paid A/C cent A/C cent A/C paid A/C cent business for 8, 10, or 15 companies. We must take the latent ability, experience, 1940 ______------and ingenuity of these small businesses 194L______$4, 747, 176 $4, 747, 176 100. 0 ------$4, 747, 176 $4, 747, 176 1()(). 0 1942______9, 925, 891 11, 258, 951 88. 2 ------9, 925, 891 11, 258, 951 88. 2 and use it. Some of the small-business 1943______9, 882, 882 13, 049, 252 75. 7 ------9, 882, 882 13, 049, 252 75: 7 men are the smartest businessmen in the 1944______10, 129, 997 14, 436, 885 70. 2 ------10, 129, 997 14, 436, 885 70. 2 1945______8, 681, 923 14, 477, 969 60. 0 $40, 377 $6, 615, 569 0. 6 8, 722, 300 21, 093, 538 41. 4 country although they do not make the 1946______7, 091, 344 14, 501, 979 48. 9 45, 391 - 6, 615, 569 • 7 7, 136, 735 21, 117, 548 33. 8 most money. 1947______5, 612, 387 14, 509, 187 38. 7 54, 243 6, 615, 569 • 8 5, 666, 630 21, 124, 756 26. 8 I want to mention one instance. I was 1948______3, 810, 872 14, 519, 550 26. 2 129, 533 6, 615, 569 2. 0 1 3, 940, 405 21, 135, 119 18. 6 1949------3, 842, 417 14, 770, 515 26. 0 452, 663 6, 615, 569 6. 8 I 4, 295, 080 21, 386, 084 20.1 out in Chicago looking into the termi 1950______5, 839, 040 14, 855, 753 39. 3 679, 692 6, 615, 569 10. 3 1 6, 518, 732 21, 471, 322 30. 4 nation of war contracts in connection 1951 (estimate)__ 6, 348, 921 14, 855, 753 42. 7 1, 151, 079 6, 615, 569 17. 4 7, 500, 000 21, 471, 322 34. 9 with the Ordnance Division out there Total.____ 75, 912, 850 145, 982, 970 52. 0 2, 552, 978 46, 308, 983 5. 5 78, 465, 828 192, 291, 953 40. 8 and I found a little man from St. Paul who .started with 40 employees. At the end of the war when we talked to him 1 Includes retroactive pilot as provided by Housing Act of 1949 (Public Law 171). he was trying to terminate contracts and This shows no payment of the maxi tributions would be under the Housin~ paying a $12,JOO ,OOO income-tax return. mum contributions, and I hold that these Act of 1949. The Bureau of the Budget So it shows what can be done by small figures are indicative as to what the con- cut the number of units to 75 .000 rather 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 4811 than 135,000".· That m itself cut the made for housing them. Already over that the President himself stated in his amount of contributions.from the maxi-· crowded, teeming cities cannot absorb budget message to Congress: mum amount, so that we know thc.t under additional workers without more hous In order .that our resources can be diverted no possible interpretation would the Fed ing accommodations. to meet the demands of national security, eral Government ever be compelled to I should like to refer the attention strict economy i~ nondefense spending is re pay the maximum amount to which the of the House to the committee hearings. quired. chairman referred in his principal ad Look at· pages 1769 and the following I have seen nothing in the justifica dress. and read what Rev. Thomas B. Keehn tions to indicate that the increase pro Leaving that point, I would like to of the Council for Social Action of the posed in this item is dictated by consid ask for clarification of page 58 of the Congregational Christian Churches, and erations of national security or defense, bill, and I should like to have the view Rt. Rev. John A. O'Grady of the National or that it would even operate to relieve point of the chairman on this. Line 16 Conference of Catholic Charities had to the President of any of the tremendous refers to an amount of $33 ,000,000 and say when they appeared before the sub burden which we know he must person is a part of a proviso which says: committee. They pointed out the dire ally carry. That all expenses of the Public Housing necessity for continuing the housing In the great effort to achieve economy Administration not specifically limited in program at this critical time. Buildings which the Committee on Appropriations this act, in carrying out its duties imposed are getting more and more crowded. and the House as a whole is making this by or pursuant to law shall not exceed They need rehabilitation. Slums are $33,000,000. year, we should not consider the White growing. The only thing we can do is House staff or the Congress or any other What do.es that item refer to? Does keep up with the evergrowing problem. agency of Government as exempt from it refer to the actual operating expenses I hope that when we co~ne to a con efforts to economize. Instead, the head of the Public Housing Administration? sideration of this point the House will of the Government should lead and Mr. THOMAS. Le.t .me say to my dis see fit to re'.ltore the additional units should set a pattern to hold down costs tinguished colleague from Illinois that that are needed. in every possible way. this expense is broken down into two Mr. ANDREWS. Mr. Chairman, I Mr. GORE. Mr. Chairman, will the parts: administrative and nonadminis yield 5 minutes to the gentleman from gentleman yield? trative. The administrative expense is Florida [Mr. SIKES], a member of the Mr. SIKES. I yield. that expense that is incurred primarily c.ommittee. Mr. GORE. There is much merit to for salaries and expenses in the District Mr. SIKES. Mr. Chairman, I do not the suggestion of the gentleman from of Columbia. The items that are pointed know of any group of men in whom I Florida in the opinion of the gentleman out on line 16 amounting to $33,000,000 have greater confidence than the gentle from Tennessee, but does not the gen is what we call the nonadministrative man from Texas [Mr. THOMAS] and his tleman realize with what reluctance a expenses. That is all of those operating subcommittee, who have brought this bill subcommittee of the Committee on Ap costs that are incurr.ed in the field, plus before us. I am confident that feeling is propriations would recommend cuts in interest, and so forth, and so on. We generally shared. here. the staff of the office of the President? were advised this morning that the figure I have just listened, as you have, to an Is it not on all fours with the institu of $33,000,000, nonadministrative ex able statemenf by the gentleman from tion of cuts in the expenses of the other pense, is an error; that it is about $15,- Illinois [Mr. YATES]. I was particularly body by a House committee? 000,000 more, making a total of approxi impressed with him as a new member Mr. SIKES. I think I pointed out, mately $49,000,000 for nonadministrative of this great committee. He talked with as I went along, that I recognize it is expenses. But those are the items wisdom, he. showed a soundness and difficult for one of us in the House of covered in that figure. thoroughness and a conscientious ap Representatives to overcome our reluc Mr. YATES. In other words, the items proach that anyone ~ould be proud to tance to point a finger at an office that we included within this appropriation are show. It does not follow that I neces respect as greatly as we respect the office the items for direct operations, site in sarily agree with all the points that he of the President and it is with reluctance spections, and direct disposition ex raised but I am profoundly impressed that we point a finger at the Senate and penses. Certainly it is not intended to with him as one of my colleagues in this say "We find it necessary that we tell you include, for instance, amounts necessary House. how much money you can use or should for funded expenses. I rise to discuss wit.h complete frank use to run your own personal business." Mr. THOMAS. That is right. What ness the increase in the amount of money While it is difficult for us to do· that, we have done, as the gentleman well proposed for allocation to the White we at the same time are not prevented knows, since they are spending in 1952 House offices. I am not going to off er from saying, "We urge in greatest sin not $33,000,000 for nonadministrative an amendment on this subject, but I do cerity that you, Mr. President, and you, expenses but possibly $49,000,000, the want to focus attention on it. In fiscal the Senate, as well as we, the House committee has requested them in the 1951 the White House offices received an of Representatives, make every effort future to break that expense down and .appropriation of $1,585,000, whereas in that can properly be made to hold down submit it to the committee so that we fiscal 1952 it is proposed that they re expenses.'' can pass judgment on it and in turn ceive $1,883,000, an increase of $300,000. Mr. GROSS. Mr'. Chairman, will the submit it to the House for its judgment Three hundred thousand dollars is not gentleman yield? and. consideration. That has not been a lot of money as we think of money and Mr. SIKES. I yield. done in the past. as we appropriate it nowadays, but a Mr. GROSS. I commend the gentle Mr. YATES. I thank the chairman. I $300,000 increase in this item is 20 per man very highly on the observations that certainly hope that the 25,000 units that cent more than was appropriated last he has made. I hope he offers an were cut from the act by the action of year for the same purpose. It provides amendment to trim those added ex the subcommittee will be restored. I for 35 additional employees in fiscal penses from the President's budget. Cer know that as we move into this war 1952, more travel money, and more odds tainly he ought to be held to what he had period, housing in my own city of Chi and ends of expenses, where we had last year and perhaps cut some from cago is becoming critically more and hoped to see savings. If you break it that. He has been doing a lot of talking more in short supply. The buildings down to a per ca.pita basis, it means that about belt tightening and sacrifices. He that have been built under section 608 this is going to take the tax payments of should share in it, too. of the housing law have not provided many persons each year for this one The CHAffiMAN. The time of the the type of dwellings necessary for the item of increased cost of Government. gentleman from Florida has expired. war workers, for those who are employees The record shows it was passed over Mr. PHILLIPS. Mr. Chairman, if it is and laborers in the defense plants. I by the committee without a great deal of agreeable now to the· gentleman from think it is vitally essential; I think it is discussion or comment, I presume largely Alabama, I will yield 18 minutes to the fundamental that the housing program out of respect for the office of President gentleman from Missouri [Mr. ARM should be permitted to continue so that of the United States. I do not quarrel STRONG]. I believe the gentleman has as workers move into defense areas like with that. I think it is understandable. consented also to yield 10 minutes to him. Chicago there will be some provision But I want to point out, Mr. Chairman, I ask unanimous consent, Mr. Chairman, 4812 CONGRESSIONAL ~ RECORD-ROUS-]! MAY 3 that the gentleman may proceed out of the answer to some of these grav.; prob say that ·the gEWtleman from South order. lems confronting us in the Far .East. Carolina [Mr. DORN], and I sitting before The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection I believe my distinguished colleague him just a few days before he was re to the request of the gentleman fr0m will back me up in reporting that the lived of his duties, heard him say what California? Korean engagement has demonstrated he later said to the Congress, except he There was no objection. the success of the unification of our expressed it to us in more emphatic Mr. ANDREWS. Mr. Chairman, we armed services. There are still many terms. yield the gentleman 10 minutes. problems to be worked out, of course; General MacArthur said that some of Mr. ARMSTRONG. Mr. Chairman, I but we contacted many of the command our allies are not united with us on greatly appreciate the kindness of the ers of our land troops, of the Marines, the importance of Formosa, referring gentleman from California and the gen of our naval forces, and most frequently doubtless to the fact that the British tleman from Alabama in yielding this those commanders who were our hosts Government has proposed that it be time. on this trip, the Air Force. Everywhere turned over to the Red Chinese. He Mr. Chairman, I have been attempting we asked the question in regard to how said, "Formosa is of such importance to make this brief report on my trip to unification was working. Everywhere that we cannot lose it without jeopardiz the Far East since my return some 2 we received the same answer, that our ing Japan, the Philippine Islands, and weeks ago, when the distinguished gen armed services are now working as an even Australia." Formosa commands a tleman from South Carolina, WILLIAM efficient team. That team is well co strategic spot for Indochina and for all JENNINGS BRYAN DORN, and I returned ordinated in combat as well as in the of the rest of the Far East. That cer after visiting Japan, Korea, Formosa, supplying of ammunition and other ma tainly is true. and other points in what I might term terials of war. and in all operations Let us then consider what we have a "spiri~ of bipartisan cooperation." necessary to such an engagement as that on Formosa by way of potential allied The gentleman from South Carolina. in Korea. strength. Bear in mind that China, [Mr. DORN] and I made the trip as indi There is an unfavorable note, however. meaning, of course, free China-anti vidual Congressmen and American citi and I report it to you frankly. As we communist China-is not only our ally, zens. We were privileged to inspect talked to the commanders in Japan and but also a member of the United Nations. most of our military installations in then in Korea, we sensed a very grave Not only is free China a member of the Japan and to visit the bases, camps, and feeling of unreality. We had the oppor United Nations but it is a permanent the fighting front of the Korean war. tunity of talking to General MacArthur, member of the Security Council entrust We made an intense and earnest study then the Supreme Commander of the ed with the major responsibility for the of the conditions and problems confront Allied Powers. Right on the battle line peace of the entire world. After that ing our commanders, our troops, our we had the very unique privilege of tragic march of the Communists down sources of supply, and civilian activities talking to the commander in Korea. across China beginning about 18 months in that troubled area of the world. General Ridgway, General Strate ago and culminating in the defeat of the My distinguished colleague from South meyer of the Air Force was our host. troops of Generalissimo Chiang Kai Carolina is a veteran of World War II, We talked to many others, I would say shek, the loyal troops fled to this island while I am a veteran of World War I. 50 of the high-ranking officers of all of of Formosa. There they have been what We hoped that we might find and bring the armed services. Not only that, we might be called bottled up, due to policies back to our colleagues in the House of talked also to the high-ranking com not fully explained. Representatives such information and manders and officers of our brave allies, When the Korean engagement began reports as would be helpful to all of us, including the British, the general com the generalissimo and his staff offered to whether in the majority or in the minor manding the Turkish troops, the leaders the United Nations a force of 30,000 men. ity. We hoped to help shape the course of the French, Canadian, and Australian He said, "Let us stand with your troops of legislation for the defense of the free forces, and so on. We talked to officers in the fight for freedom." That offer world. I am happy here to say that no and men of most of the United Nations was refused. Every off er he has made one could have devoted himself more who are fighting with us, even though since that time has been refused. wholeheartedly to tbis task than the some of them have only token forces in So I wanted to look into the matter of honorable young Member, the gentleman Korea. Everywhere we reecived the in how much strength there might be there from South Carolina [Mr. DoRNl. I formation that there was a feeling of available to be utilized in the defense of hope-that he, too, may soon have time to unreality on the part of the troops be the free world. I regarded that as im make a report on his observations. cause of the handicap under which they portant. My colleague, the gentleman Mr. Chairman, all of us are agreed on are fighting this war in that they have not been permitted to attack the bases from South Carolina [Mr. DoRN], could the danger that we face, and with the re not·go b Formosa, but I went there and alization of what is before us there can of enemy supply, their communication spent nearly a week. I was shown every be no partisanship. I am concerned that and transportation lines. They told us courtesy by our American civilian and in the discussion of foreign affairs there that this was the first war in history where men fighting in the field were military authorities, and, of course, by shall be no partisan words. My party the Chinese Government and its mili has a duty to perform· in offering con denied this primary action necessary to victory. tary commanders. It was my happy structive criticism and the majority party privilege to have dinner with Generalis has a duty to perform in offering leader Let me leave that for just a moment simo and Madam Chiang Kai-shek. For ship and in accepting constructive criti to present this map of the Far East. several days I rode by plane, in jeeps cism when it is due. But we a.re cer First I shall mention Formosa, since this and trucks, to inspect with my own eyes tainly united in our desire to win this island is very much in the minds of our war in Korea as quickly as possible with military leaders at the present time. I the strength of the Nationalist Chinese the.lo1:>s of as few lives as possible. On am sure its strategic importance has forces on Formosa. I had heard specu that score there can be no debate. There been discussed by the distinguished lation in regard to how much strength can be differences of opinion in regard members of our Armed Services and For there might be there and as to whether to the proper method of winning the war eign Affairs Committees. Formosa lies or not it would be effective in warfare. I as quickly as possible. We have been right in what we might term our line of think I can rSoviet Union itself. need equipment. The planes that I in guerrillas ready to spring to arms if they A naval blockade.by the United States, spected on their air fields were those we can get arms and to help bring the down with the British helping us, if they will, gave them during the recent war or not fall of the Red regime in China. We and any other fighting ships made later than 1946. The equipment they could help them seize Hainan quite easily . available by members of the United Na have is pitifully small because so much now, despite the fact that the Russians tions, is imperative if we are to win the has been denied them. For most of one within the last few weeks have begun the war in Korea. With the cooperation of day I was the guest of their naval leaders. building of five different military instal the British, if they decide to cooperate I conferred with their admiral and his lations on the island. They could not fully, and by blockading the Chinese staff.· I inspected nearly all of their hold Hainan under a devastating attack. coast, by bombing the Chinese military ships in harbor. The biggest ships Second, let them make their invasion bases and supply lines, and by the use of they have are the two destroyers we gave from there with the help of guerrillas. the Nationalist forces when they are them. They have a lot of little ships. Third, and this is tremendously impor equipped and prepared to join us in the There in the distance was a row of Japa tant, we should blockade the entire Chi struggle, I say to you, and I measure my · nese ships which we captured and which nese coast. words again, Communist China could be we · could turn over to them but which Fourth, we must bomb the enemy quickly defeated and the war in the Far have been denied them. bases in Manchuria. Mr. DORN and I East ended. Soviet Russia would not The free· Chinese are ready and eager asked General Ridgway his opinion. .I intervene at the present time~ That is to accept new equipment, new arma would not want to quote by name any the almost unanimous opinion of all the ment, new ammunition, new airplanes other military man for obvious reasons, military men we talked to. that they must have if they are going but out of the 50 or more high-ranking Mr. HUGH D. SCOTT, JR. Mr. Chair-. to help us in this fight. I was astounded omcers of all the branches of the service man, will the gentleman yield? to find that because of an edict-I do not which we queried on the matter,- every Mr. ARMSTRONG. I yield to the know who· issued it-perhaps the Armed one gave the same answer as General gentleman from Pennsylvania. Forces Committee would know-on many Ridgway: "We do not consider it possi Mr. HUGH D. SCOTT, JR. The gen ships. were vacant spaces where guns ble to end the Korean war in victory tleman is making an extremely impor should be. The biggest naval guns they under the handicap of not being able to tant contribution, for . which I am sure are allowed to have are 3-inch guns. ·I strike the enemy where he is.'; One he ought to be applauded by all the Wish I knew .why.· Their commanders Members.of the House. could not . answer. the question. They commander went so far as to say we The gentleman's reference to the Chi just smiled when I asked tbem why. could have prevented the building up of nese Nationalist forces landing forces on Everywhere I found they were restricted. the·f orces in North Korea, which are now the mainland. of China is extremely in engaged in this offensive, simply by taresting. I wonder if the gentleman They need equipment. Then they bombing not the Manchurian people, not nee~ supervision. We must take action recalls that in World War II, in order pretty soon to equip these forces to :fight the people of China, but the enemy mili to help the Chinese forces .the American for freedom, for us and for themselves. tary targets. There are five railroad Navy did exactly that same thing, which But we must not make the mistake that lines coming into Mukden, the capital of could now be done by the Chinese Na obviously was made and which some of Manchuria. There are transportation tionalists. The project was at that time Gen. Chiang Kai-shek's military men lines spanning down to the Yalu River. stcret, called "Miss X," under which only told me in confidence, of turning the If we could bomb those military stra a few well-equipped Navy ofilcers were equipment over to .them without proper tegic targets and then follow up by the dropped by parachute into the hinter American supervision. They will wel bombing of the supply line that comes land and on the island of Hainan, which come that supervision. Lots of that down the Chinese coast, we would halt the gentleman mentioned, and there equipment we sent them before undeni the march ot the Red Chinese from the they were able to give advice and ma ably was lost to the Communists. Per mainland into Manchuria and from terial and use certain electronic aids. haps some of it was even sold to them. Manchuria into Korea. What stands in '!'hey were removed from China with But what the free Chinese want js a the way of that, I ask you? comparative ease and with very little strong military mission in Formosa, not Here I turn to a report that was given loss of life. It was an easy proposition. just a few hundred men, but something me by the intelligence omcers of Gen. Does not the gentleman agree it would perhaps on the order of 1,500. Then let Chiang Kai-shek's army and I have be easier now, with the light control with us equip them so that they will be ready excerpts from it. A part of this is my which China is held bY ·the Reds, than to take their place w:ith us. · · own opinion to go along with it. But I it was in World War II? What then should the plan be? Some learned that the British Government Mr. ARMSTRONG. I thank the gen would deny the use of these Nationalist stands in the way of putting into effect tleman for his contribution, and I agree troops, they fear that would involve us in a plan that would permit us to end this with him entirely. a war with Red China. I respectfully Korean war in.victory. The British Gov Mr. HUGH D. SCOTT, JR. May I ask I call the attention of the Members of this ernment has actually furnished the two the gentleman one more question: I also body to the fact that we are already at items necessary either for Communist have had the privilege of talking with war with Red China. Communist China victory or at best a stalemate. First,, General MacArthur, on two occasions, has by its aggression declared war upon they have given assurance that the Red the last one in September. Did I under us. Now if we are going to admit the bases and supply lines will not be stand the gentleman correctly that from help of- the Nationalist Chiiler;e, let us bombed with their consent. Second, every ofiicer or GI with whom he talked face the fact that we are at war and let strategic materials needed for the con there was complete disagreement with us plan accordingly. But let us no~I duct of the war have :flown in a steady the idea. of a limited war which would emphasize not-send out our land troop_s stream through Hong Kong and into prevent us from using the military means ir.to the mainland of China. These Na China and Russia. From these intelli at our command to bomb enemy bases tionlists say, •!If you give us the equip gence sources, both Chinese and United across the river? ment and the supervision, we will do the States, I was informed in Taipei that the Mr. ARMSTRONG. I will say to the job ourselves without calling upon a Russians are supervising the construc gentleman that not only was the opinion single American soldier ... tion of an atomic bomb plant in north~ unanimous, but when you get down to Now; the plan contemplates five things. western China, and that much of the the level of the GI I can assure the gen Fii:i;t, not an invasion off Formosa, but strategic material needed for this plant tleman that it is very bitter. The gen down at the little island of Hainan, cs,me into China through British hands tleman from North Carolina [Mr. D~RN] 4814 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MAY 3 and I talked to men who were climbing just plain common sense. There was ·not should cwith imagination .and vigor sup out of their planes after bombing raids. one single difference of opinion in the port every single group or force on. the We talked to five airmen just returned front-line troops and the generals, all mainland of China which is making from flying their jet-fighter planes up to the way from private first class to Gen"' trouble in the rear of -the Communists, the Yalu River. If you want to hear bit eral MacArthur in the Far East-there ·seeking to make them fail in their ag ter talk, hear them comment on the fact was not any difference of opinion what .. gressive plans, discrediting them and that they must fly up there and wait for soever. This is a silly, stupid policy their whole movement in Asia and di: the enemy. They cannot attack the en which has been concocted by some people verting some of their strength from Ko emy base. They watch the Russian that l wish I were at liberty to tell the .rea where they are killing Americans. made planes rise to the attack, come committee about. Mr. ARMSTRONG. . The gentleman across that river from the sanctuary, Mr. ARMSTRONG. I thank the gen is exactly correct. -Let me summarize shoot down our planes and retreat be tleman. the advantages of this plan: It does not h ind the sanctuary where they cannot Mr. COX. It is following a policy of require the use of American ground be pursued. confusion made by confused people. troops on the mainland of China. It Mr. HUGH D. SCOTT, JR. May I Mr. ARMSTRONG. I thank the gen would permit the people of free China to conclude with this comment: I had ex tleman, and his observation is correct. regain their homes and liberties. It actly the same experience myself, even Mr. LANTAFF. Mr. Chairman, will would save countless lives that will oth to the point where some of the GI's the gentleman yield? erwise be lost in this stalemate war in would say to me, "Who is this guy Ache Mr. ARMSTRONG. I yield. Korea. It would reverse the tide of the son, anyway?" When I undertook to tell Mr. LANTAFF. I commend the gen Communist aggression and put us on the them, they would look at me and say, tleman from Missouri on the excellent offensive and the Kremlin on the de "Well, is he on our side?" I wondered ·and very fair presentation that he has fensive. I say to you in this closing whether the gentleman had some such made. With reference to the guerrilla word, that since there is no substitute experience'. activity on the mainland, is it not true for victory, we cannot stop to negotiate Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. Mr. Chair that there are very little if any com with these Red Chinese aggressors. We man, will the gentleman yield? munications existing now between those have to go ahead to victory. In China Mr. ARMSTRONG. I yield. groups? we find a people who are ready for revo Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. Do I cor Mr. ARMSTRONG. I will say to the lution against Communist aggression. rectly understand that the information gentleman there are good communica If we win back China, it would give us secured on Formosa was to the effect tions existing. I know of one harbor the first victory over communism since that our American officers would have which they use that the Communists 1945. The courage and strength of free supervision at all times of any action have never seized. As late as 3 days ago men in the world are on trial today. I that might be taken by Chiang Kai I received, through one of their emis beg that we move quickly to give these shek? · Was that what the gentleman saries here in Washington, news di freemen the leadership they need. found out there? rectly from the mainland. Mr. JUDD. Mr. Chairman, will the Mr. ARMSTRONG. I will say to the Mr. LANTAFF. How many of the gentleman yield? gentleman that the opinion I gained guerrilla leaders, if the gentleman knows, The CHAffiMAN. The time of the was that that supervision should be giv are loyal to Chiang Kai-shek, as opposed gentleman from Missouri has expired. en in immediate training of those troops, to him? Mr. PHILLIPS. Mr. Chairman, I yield in air power particularly, because to my Mr. ARMSTRONG. I cannot say, but one additional minute to the gentleman. way of thinking air power is of greatest I am sure they are all loyal to the ideal Mr. ARMSTRONG. I yield to the gen importance in this war. of toppling over the Red regime and tleman from Minnesota. Mr. COX. Mr. Chairman, will the winning freedom for their country. Mr. JUDD. Some people are saying gentleman yield? Mr. LANTAFF. The gentleman men- that if we do the things you have urged Mr. ARMSTRONG. I yield to the . tioned that there have been some 30,000 it will lead to all-out war with Commu gentleman from Georgia. troops offered by Chiang Kai-shek for nist China. Is it not rather a fact that Mr. COX. The gentleman spoke of use in Korea. Is it not true that all mili this is the best hope we have of prevent guerrillas on the mainland ready to come tary leaders, including General Mac ing all-out war with China; because if to the aid of Chiang Kai-shek's forces. Arthur, turned down that offer because they win in China, they would be able to It is my information that throughout the they did not want to use those troops in · fight in the Philippines and fight in mainland of China, now overrun by the Korea and in the hopes that they could Japan and fight in Indochina, and then Communists, Chiang Kai-shek is still the subsequently be used to better advantage we would be in trouble? Whatever the symbol of strength, and that if he should to go back into China? risks of the proposals which the gentle be permitted to return to the mainland Mr. ARMSTRONG. I do not know man has presented, the risks of any other . with any degree of support on our part who is entirely responsible for that pol alternative are infinitely greater. . manifested, millions of Chinese now un icy, except to say that those troops were Mr. ARMSTRONG. The gentleman is der Communist domination would rally refused by United Nations' directive. exactly right. to his side. Has the gentleman any in The CHAIRMAN. The time of the Mr. REECE of Tennessee. Mr. Chair formation on that or any opinion about gentleman has expired. man, will the gentleman yield? it? Mr. PHILLIPS. Mr. Chairman, I yield Mr. ARMSTRONG. I yield. Mr. ARMSTRONG. It is my opinion two additional min1..1tes to the gentle Mr. REECE of Tennessee. The gen that Gen. Chiang Kai-shek is still the man. tleman from Missouri has very well sum symbol of the leadership of free China. Mr. JUDD. Mr. Chairman, will the marized the question that I originally in I would not want to say that he should gentleman yield? tended to propound of the gentleman remain the leader forever, but at pres Mr. ARMSTRONG. I yield. who is making such a fine contribution ent he has the confidence of his people, Mr. JUDD. I want to compliment the to the thinking of the Mem.bers of the Mr. DORN. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman and thank him for going to House on this subject. But is not Russia gentleman yield? the Orient at his own expense and get and has not Russia from the very begin Mr. ARMSTRONG. I yield. ting this information and presenting it ning been doing the things for Commu Mr. DORN. May I say to the. gende so well to us today. Is this what the nist China that the gentleman from Mis man. I think he is making a very inter gentleman is saying? You are not rec souri is suggesting that we do for our esting contribution. I would like to say ommending that we tie ourselves exclu allies in the Pacific who are in a posi this, it is true that they have probably sively to Chiang Kai-shek· or the Na tion to help us and without which the 1,500,000 Nationalist guerrillas on the tionalist Government. Rather it is your Communists in China never could have mainland of China. But if we follow our concern that we get effective help to all risen to the position of power in the present pro-Socialistic policy, these guer the forces opposing our mortal enemy in Pacific? rillas will be liquidated if we have a truce China. We ought not deny ourselves Mr. ARMSTRONG. The gentleman is in Korea, and they then will build the the benefit of the leader who has the correct, of course. atomic bomb plant and in 10 or 15 years largest following and the most forces un The CHAIRMAN. The time of ti~e they will .come back so strong . that we der his control. But at·the same time, , gentleman from · Missouri has again cannot do anything about it. That is does not the gentleman agree, that we expii· ed. 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 4815 Mr. ANDREWS. I yield thl'ee addi siderably less than the number of Na-· through unlimited appropriations, which tional minutes to the gentleman from tionalists; and the Communists won be lead to inflation and disaster. Here is Missouri. cause the Nationalists had somehow lost one thing that the Members of this House Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Chairman, the will to fight. can do and as to which, in my humble will the gentleman yield? Mr. JUDD. And why should not they judgment, we have all be recreant and Mr. ARMSTRONG. I yield to the dis after our repeated announcements that derelict in our duty. tinguished gentleman from Massachu they were finished? Originally the Na All I ask is that we see to it that the setts. tionalist troops had plenty of will to committee is properly equipped and Mr. McCORMACK. I refrained from fight, but we insisted they cease fire in staffed to do the job that has to be done making any public comment on the Far stead. Marshall's criticism when he and can be done. Mind you, we could East because 2 _years ago I strongly sup went over there was because they had not have better men than these gentle ported Chiang Kai-shek. I reached the too much will to fight. He helped de men who serve us as executive secre conclusion then that the people of China stroy their will to fight, although I do taries, such as William Duvall. There is had lost confidence in him and the will not suggest he realized what he was do not a better or abler man for the job, to fight. I would like to ask my friend ing. If you will help the Nationalists there is not a better assistant than Mr. he made reference to Hainan, and I am a little again, especially with moral sup Skaren, who works night and day on this refraining from making statements now port, you will find the will to fight will bill, as do their associates on the other because I want always to look at the come back almost overnight. subcommittees. But, Mr. Chairman, national interests of our country-the Mr. PHILLIPS. Mr. Chairman, I the executive secretaries to these com gentleman referred to the island of yield 10 minutes to the gentleman from mittees are only individuals, one or two Hainan. Some several months ago Na New York [Mr. COUDERTl. of them, and they are not in position to tionalist China had that island, did they Mr. COUDERT. Mr. Chairman, I investigate as should be investigated the not? hesitate to rise or to fall to such mun great agencies over which we have juris Mr. ARMSTRONG. That is correct. dane subjects as this appropriation bill diction. Mr. McCORMACK. And it was cap after the interesting remarks of the gen Now, what we do, what Members of tured by the Communists? tleman from Missouri on the very dra Congress do, in allowing this Appropria Mr. ARMSTRONG. Yes. matic subject that he dealt with. Un tion Committee to face the Executive Mr. McCORMACK. How many Com fortunately, however, we do have to have forces, so to speak, across the table, munists captured the island? Does the appropriations and that means appro wholly unequipped, wholly disarmed, is gentleman remember? priation bills, and that means that some really a dereliction of a fundamental Mr. ARMSTRONG. I am sorry; I of us have to sit here and suffer through duty; that is, to keep alive and effective cannot tell. them. · the one real constitutional pow~r re Mr. McCORMACK. Not more than Let me say at the outset as a member maining in our hands through which twenty or twenty-five thousand. · of this committee that I have enjoyed we can keep control of the Government Mr. ARMSTRONG. I believe the Na enormously working with this group of of the United States and protect our tionalist troops were ready to abandon delightful, distinguished, and, high freedom. I refer to the appropriation it and move to Formosa. minded gentlemen who compose its power. It is the fu;ndamental power, it Mr. McCORMACK. No; they had membership on both sides of the aisle; is the heart of our representative free 130,000 troops there, the Nationalists. I in fact, I may say that in the committee system of government. We have let it would like to know how many Nationalist under the genial chairmanship of the fall into a very sad state, Mr. Chairman, troops there were on Hainan and how gentleman from Texas CMr. THOMAS]. when we let an appropriation subcom many Communist troops invaded it and and the able minority member from mittee sit acros 1~ the table without hav captured it, this island that the gentle California CMr. PHILLIPS]' the ranking ing had the benefit of a searching and man named here. Republican member, there is no aisle. comprehensive investigation of those Mr. JUDD. Mr. Chairman, will the I am not going to make any attempt to great agencies all through the year, 12 gentleman yield? review this enormous budget for 25 or 26 months of the year, so that when they Mr. ARMSTRONG. I yield. agencies; I want to confine myself to one appear before your subcommittees the Mr. JUDD. I think I can answer the single point, a . point as to which this members would be armed with reports gentleman from Massachusetts. It had Congress, can really do something and from reliable experts as to what is going been decided in about December of 1949 do something constructive. Anyone who on in those agencies, how efflciently they by the Nationalist forces in Formosa sits in a subcommittee of this character, are operating, how economically, or the that they would withdraw from Hainan, and I think this subcommittee has the reverse, so that we have· something to but before they could withdraw the first largest budget of any except the armed go on. Communist attack came across the little services which, of course, now dwarfs gap of water between the mainland and everything else, must feel as I do. We It is easy enough, perhaps, for men Hainan, and the generalissimo, so I am have had the experience of listening to of usual industry and intelligence to deal advised reliably, did not want to pull out the budget demap.ds of the sacred cows, with smaller agencies with a six or seven immediately under pressure but with the Atomic Energy Commission, the billion budget, such as the Federal Trade drew gradually. His men stood off 11 Tennessee Valley Authority, Veterans' Commission or the Security Exchange attacks in the process of evacuating. Administration, Maritime Commission, Commission. That amount is without When the twelfth attack came it was ac and others, all of these sacred agencies comprehension. That kind of operation companied by the infiltration and· defec vested with the aura of national defense, can be reduced to a standard, to work tion of one Nationalist regiment in agencies that come in blithely, happily, loads and all th'>se other criteria. But Hainan. It was the break-up of that uninspected and unsupervised by Con what about the Atomic Energy Commis- regiment which brought the end. gress, lay down their budgets for billions . sion that spends $1,200,000,000 operating Mr. McCORMACK. But I want to and billions of dollars and expect to have the greatest industry in the United know how many Nationalist troops there them granted and they generally are. States, spending billions and billions of were there. . The member who sits there · and feels dollars in great new construction work? Mr. JUDD. I think the gentleman has this flood pouring over him is in very What about the Veterans' Administra correctly stated, about 130,000. much the same position as a man at the tion that spends five or six billion dollars Mr. McCORMACK. How many Com foot of Niagara Falls with his mouth in every known form of expenditure? munists were in the attacking force? wide open. There is nothing you can do What about the Tennessee Valley Au Mr. JUDD. That is hard to say; I do about it. There can be no more helpless thority that runs a great power plant, not think there is any reliable informa feeling. that runs navigation controls and builds tion. The gentleman from California CMr. dams, that is now building enormous new Mr. McCORMACK. As I remember PHILLIPS] in his remarks made a number facilities? the figure it was about 25,000. of points directed to Members of Con Who investigates them? Who can Mr. JUDD. I do not think the gentle gress, members of State legislatures and come to us and speak as agents of the man can substantiate that. municipalities as to what each in his Congress and say: Here is how your Mr. McCORMACK. That may be so, particular situation can do to try to save .money is being spent. Here is where but the number of Communists was con- the United State$ from banJuuptcy you can save. 4816 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD--HOUSE Mr. Chairman, in the Eightieth Con appropriation bill, some of the history of · . Then the German submarine hordes gress we did begin to set up such an in the merchant marine should be reviewed. destroyed great numbers of the foreign vestigatory staff. I sat on two subcom It so happens when I became a Member ships then plying the seas, and this mittees where· important agencies, the of the Congress I was placed on the caused ·the rise in value of the American Veterans' Administration, Maritime Merchant Marine Committee of this reserve :fleet. We, desiring to keep these Commission and Public Housing, were House, along with other Members who ships under the American :flag, did sell being considered. We had the benefit of have left that committee and gone to · them very cheaply to the operators, to a careful, searching 12 months' investi the Committee on Appropriations and operators who were willing to venture in gation right on the ground by experts various other committees. If we recall business, to operators who were willing who came to us and said: Gentlemen, the situation we found ourselves in in to send their vessels into the submarine here is the story rm these. agencies. This 1916, it would be interesting to enlarge zones, to operators who were enticed by is where they are wrong, this is where upor. it, but time does not suffice. We high freight rates at a peril not only of they are wasting your money and the found ourselves in a position where we the vessel but to American sailors. taxpayers' money. This is what might could not transport our troops abroad. At that time the Committee on Mer be done about it. We had to appeal to our allies to trans chant Marine of this House called the It gave that committee a chance to go port our armies and our supplies across then Administrator of the Maritime· to work. I say, Mr. Chairman, that the Atlantic Ocean. I know one man Commission, Admiral Land, in executive. every Member of this House should seri personally who went to France in a session and in open session, and ques ously consider this proposition. Every British ship, a freighter, sleeping in a tioned him about the sale of these ves one should insist upon providing this hammock. The hammocks were 12 high sels; yes, the sale of these vessels at $5 committee with the kind of a staff of and 12 deep. The ship had a Chinese per ton, and so forth. experts that can cover all of the big crew ar:d five or six British citizens for I remember the remark Admiral Land agencies of Government on a 12 months' officers. During the war we built many made to a question of mine. I said, "It basis, so that when your subcmµmittee types of ships and the question of the is known, and we know, that eventually and your subcommittee members come to disposal of the war :fleet after the armis we will be drawn into this conflict, yet meet these great budget requests they tice arose and there was a great contro we are selling ships here at $5 and $6 a will be able to do so with some sem vers~·. and it is said and the record shows ton.'' He said to me, "Why, they are blance of intelligence. that a great scandal occurred. With nothing but old crates." They were 10, Mrs. BOSONE. Mr. Chairman, will that history before them the Merchant 15, 20, and 25 years old. For a substan-· the gentleman yield? Marine Committee of the House began tial purpose, for substantial ·and far Mr. COUDERT. I yield to the gentle hearings on a bill that eventually became reaching and lasting commerce, no op woman from Utah. the Merchant Marine Act of 1936, declar erator with any vision of business would Mrs. BOSONE. I should like to say ing that the American :flag should still have bought them and put them in the that the gentleman from New York has, :fly on the high seas and at least 50 per trade. Only did they purchase them on ' to my mind, made sense out of his argu. cent of the commerce of the United account of the times and the risks that ment today. States should be carried in American the ships would · incur. The price was Mr. COUDERT. I thank the gentle bottoms. That great Virginian, that cheap but the risk was great. woman. great American who has gone on to his So we were drawn into the con:tlict. Mrs. BOSONE. Is it not true that if reward, the Honorable Otis Bland, cham we follow the gentleman's suggestion, The conflict was pushed on our shore, on pioned this bill and brought'it to perfec the coast of North Carolina, and on the we would not neeti these expensive klieg tion; perfection at that time, so the northern coast. Ships were sunk right off light and other special investigation~? House said and so the Congress said, be Would this not bring the facts 12 months my congressional district day after day. cause it passed the House and passed the Then we went into the war. The Presi out of the year to the people who should Senate and became the law of the land. have them? In that way you would get That bill was to foster and perpetuate dent of the United States or someone in at the real facts and probably save mil the American merchant marine to carry authority called Admiral Land and said, lions of dollars. our commerce and for aid and assistance "We must have ships. Get them.'' What . Mr. COUDERT. The distinguished of the national defense. It was recog provision of Congress was made to get gentlewoman said it better than I could. nized at that time that the American the ships? We were in an emergency. I I think that is undoubtedly true. Par merchant marine could not live and am not trying to defend the Maritime ticularly with the membership of this could not survive in competition with Commission of that day; I am thinking committee, you would have certainly the types of seagoing vessels that were that in justice and in fairness the history businesslike and serious approach; kind furnished by foreign nations with cheap should be here reviewed. Jerry Land of a continual year-round investigation. labor, with no protection for life at sea, went out and produced the ships. He Mr. CANFIELD. Mr. Chairman, will and with no comforts for the men that made some terrible bargains, as we see the gentleman yield? go down to the sea in ships. In that bill them today. He made some terrible con Mr. COUDERT. I yield to the gentle certain provisions were written for the tracts for ship construction, as the com man from New Jersey. American sailor, for the American man mittee saw at that time, and we called Mr. CANFIELD. I, too, want to con that made his life at sea, to protect and him in on the carpet. gratulate the gentleman from New York. carry on his vocation and to carry on the Then the war was over. We won this I believe he has touched on one of the history that had been written down last war just as much through the ef greatest challenges to the survival of our through the years in brilliant feats of forts of the American seaman as we did free economy. Time after time I have the American Navy and the American through any doughboy or any infantry contended congressional appropriation :tlag ships of comrr_erce. Then we began soldier or aviator or anybody else that committees could save millions through subsidies and then we began aid to con ·fought in France or fought in Italy or constant surveys of Federal spending struction. Then we gave aid to competi fought in Africa. The men that car agencies by specially trained experts. tion with foreign ships. ried the supplies on the Murmansk run Mr. COUDERT. I thank the gentle were continuously under attack, and At the approach of the Second World history will show it. History will show man. War we had quite a reserve :fleet in this Mr. ANDREWS. Mr. Chairman, I how many vessels and men we lost. We Nation. The question arose, Would we are beginning to forget it. yield 20 minutes to the gentleman from help those in Europe who were fighting North Carolina [Mr. BONNER]. Then the war· was over and we had Mr. BONNER. Mr. Chairman, I have what we said at that time was the battle more ships than we knew what to do no quarrel with the Committee on Ap of civilization, the battle of Christianity, with. Nobody was interested in them. propriations at any time in their en the battle of freemen to live on the face Just like the supplies that were left in deavor to save the funds of our National of this earth, and worship as they pleased Europe by the Army and the Navy. Treasury, and to protect the taxpayers: and participate in democratic govern Then your Merchant Marine Committee in fact, I am greatly interested in their ments, and so forth. This country gave of the House had before them the prob efforts along that line. I think in con aid to the British Government, and to lem of the preservation of this :fleet and sidering the legislation that the Commit the French Government. We gave ships the writing of a Ship Sales Act. To the tee on Appropriations now offers in this and we gave other materials. credit of the men who served on that 1951 CONGRESSIONAL-RECORD-HOUSE 4817- committee, they labored long and hard. contracts that require him to make The CHAffiMAN. The time of the The testimony lasted for months. It was scheduled sailings back and forth to gentleman from North Carolina has ex months and months before. the bill was European, Pacific and Asiatic ports. pired. written and .submitted to the House. There have to be special arrangements Mr. THOMAS. Mr. Chairman, I yield The House passed the bill, the Senate made by the transportation company to the gentleman one additional minute. passed the bill, and the bill became law fulfill the contracts. There are all kinds · Mr. BO~R. I know time is ~o valu to sell and preserve the American fleet of considerations and conditions beyond, able here this afternoon; nobody seems· which we had created then for the fu I expect, the knowledge of the average . to be asking for it. I merely wanted to ture protection of the national defense. Member of this House; some of them make my position clear and I appreciate At the time we discussed the rule I . were surprising to me. As you will see the gentleman's efforts. expressed myself only, and only arose from the report, the committee requests Mr. THOMAS. I thank the gentle in opposition to the rule because of my the Maritime Commission as follows: man for his fine words. interest in the prerogatives and the "To distribute the number of · voyages Mr. BONNER. I really think the jurisdiction of the legislative committees. equitably among all shipping interests in Ho:1se ought tc know something about I have a great deal of sympathy with order that each company may have a what the merchant marine is for. Can what the gentlemen on the Committee fair share of the subsidies provided by the gentleman from Texas spare me any on Appropriations are endeavoring to the Administration." time? do. This question of fair compensation Mr. Chairman, that is simply impossi Mr. THOMAS. We have already in the act of 1936, section 902, I think ble. If the gentleman from Texas [Mr. yielded to our distinguished friend 20 it is, has always provoked and wor THOMAS] at this point wants to chal minutes on this side. We have only 2 ried me. Nevertheless you gentlemen lenge that statement I yield to him. hours and the time is allocated. who are constitutional lawyers will have Mr. THOMAS. Mr. Chairman, will Mr. BONNB::R. Can the gentleman to decide that question yourselves. I the gentleman yield? from .California yield me 5 minutes? am greatly interest.ed, if possible, in ·Mr. BONNER. I yield. Mr. PHILLIPS. Our time is com- some way to amend that section of the Mr. THOMAS. I do not desire to chal mitted. · 1936 act, for I do not think:-and I can lenge the gentleman's statement, but I Mr. BONNER. Well, I am through,· not get my mind and heart and soul to do desire to make these observations, let it go at that. believe that where we sold these ships that this act has tended to develop a I hop·') the House uses the full time at such marked-down prices those who monopoly in the shipping industry. this afternoon because there are many bought the ships should not be willing Mr. BONNER. I will answer that in facts that have not been developed, and to make some concession in the resale or just a minute. You are going to have a I do not think it ought to be passed over charter of these ships to the Govern monopoly by this very provision. and let it be said there is not some virtue ment in case of emergency. Mr. THOMAS. Just a minute, now; and value and merit in the merchant It must also be taken into considera let me make my observation, then the marine of this country. tion that in this ship subsidy construc I think it is a slap in the face of the. tion program we required the companies gentleman can controvert them. When this act went into e:ffed in fine gentleman who made a sacrifice to to put in certain facilities that are ap come to Washington, Admiral Cochrane, plicable to the national defense and 1936 you had 15 or 16 subsidized opera tors, and it all boiled down to what we to take over the maritime affairs and which are not necessary or usab~e in now refer to as the Club 13. You have c1ean up what has been done in the past commerce. That· point is overlooked. and show that it can be operated in a Other features have to go into the ship fewer today than you had when it first went into effect, and will as long as the commendable manner-as it should be. tnat the commercial operator does not And I am confident Admiral Cochrane desire. So much for that phase of it. gentleman's great committee fails to amend the Shipping Act of 1936, where will if given the proper opportunity. About the investigation that was car Mr. PHILLIPS. I can let the gentle ried on by the Merchant Marine Com by you give to the shipping interests every conceivable fair advantage at the man have a couple of minutes. When mittee of the House which I sat on for I said our time was committed I meant months. We completely annihilated expense of the taxpayer in the form of 10-year contracts. Now getting back to that the time "Nas allocated. We can and routed the old Maritime Commis give the gentleman time by taking it sion. We exposed many things that they the gentleman's statement, they are now engaged in the making of those con away from somebody else but we gladly should never have done, but which at squeeze out 3 minutes for him. the time I know because of their doing tracts. Mr. BONNER. The contracts are al Mr. BONNER. I had understood that was the emergency that the country was all the time was not going to be used. in, .at the time that the shortcomings or ready made. Mr. THOMAS. No; wait a minute; Mr. PHILLIPS. Would the gentle mis-administration was carried on. man like 3 minutes? That should be taken into consideration they are expiring all the time, are they in condemning the old members of the not? Mr. BONNER. I would appreciate it. Mr. BONNER. Yes; that is correct. Mr. PHILLIPS. I yield the gentleman board. I think Admiral Jerry Land is three additional minutes. a fine American citizen. It worried me Mr. THOMAS. Just pass it around to and it hurt me at that time to see him somebody else; that is the way to break Mr. THOMAS. We yield the gentle so maligned and abused. But yet we did them. man another 3 minutes. find things which showed the admiral Mr. BONNER. Mr. Chairman, there The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman was very negligent in his administration is the answer, pass them around to some from North Carolina is recognized for and that his office was very negligent in body else. Who can you pass them to? 6 minutes. their administration and that other men Who has the facilities? Who has the Mr. BONNER. Mr. Chairman, it cer connected with the old Maritime Com ability? Who owns the ships? Does tainly is not my pleasure to get up here mission were either ignorant or very any Member· of this House own a fleet and try to defend what has been done in negligent. of vessels that they can pass around to the past by the Maritime Commission. Now we come to the proposals in this you? Or do you know anybody that it I am just as critical of them as is the bill, not only in the bill itself if it be can be passed to other than operating gentleman from Massachusetts [Mr. comes law, but in the report, which the people in the shipping industry? WIGGLESWORTH] or anyone in the House, officials of the Maritime Commission It is true-and I regret that I have not and I know he is honest about that. But advised the Committee on Merchant my table with me-that some companies there is something to be said in their Marine and Fisheries this morning have two and three hundred contract defense. would be a directive to them in carrying sailing voyages; but the reason they The gentleman from Texas [Mr. out the provisions that were written in have got them is because they have the THOMAS] is quite a. fine gentleman. He tM bill with respect to contract sailings. ability and facilities to contract for is fair, he is one of the most able Mem These contracts that are made by the them. You will notice another company bers of the House, he is honest, he is Maritime Commission are not made for a that has only 5, 10, or 25 contracts.· The rendering a great service to this Nation. year. They are long-term contract"s--5 reason they have no more is because I am in favor of economy. I have given· and 10 years. They are contracts that a they have neither the ships nor the fa a lot of my time in the last 2 months or ship operator must prepare himself for; cilities to contract. more pointing out some of the terrible 4_818 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MAY:( negligence on the part of the leaders of Here is a long list of vesse1s and com fered $15,000. The courts awarded $25,- our national defense. The committee I panies that made claims against1 the 000. am a member of, and which I have the Maritime Commission for losses. First, Here is another case where the com honor to head, has certainly pointed out here· is the American-Hawaiian Steam pany requested $766,000. The Commis conditions that should be corrected by ship Co. that made a claim for $1,300,000. sion offered $72,500. The courts awarded legislation prepared by the Armed Serv The Commission offered to settle with $142,500. ices Committee of this House, or the them for $776,000, which was refused. There are some here that are much Committee on Expenditures in the Exec The matter went to the courts and the higher than that. Here is one, for in utive Departments. stance, where the company requested It was pointed out this morning what courts awarded them $983,000. Of $1,498,000. The Commission offered to these ships were bought and sold for and course, the Government had the expense settle for $400,000. The courts awarded every word the gentleman said was true. of the court litigation. $825,000. They run all the way through· It is revolting. But I want to point to Here is another company with a small on about that percentage basis. The another thing. claim, only $50,000. The Commission of- complete table is as f ollciws: Just compensation cases decid-ed. by tke c.aurts, Sept. 1, 1950
Just compen· Just compen· Vessel Court citation Owner's claim sation deter- . sation deter mined by WSA mined by court
Alaskan. ______• ____ _ American-Hawaiian Steamship Co. v. United States, Southern District of New York, No. 1$1,350, 000. 00 2 $776, 003. 00 a $983, 250. 00 A 133-397, decided Jan. 21, 1949; 85 F. Supp. 815 (D. C. N. Y. 1949). Cheerio ______. ______Shain E. Baitary v. United-States, eastern district of South Carolina, Civil Action No. 1138, 14, 400. 00 11, 500. 00 14, 400. 00 decided Nov. 28, 1944. ' Dona Aurora ______De La Rama Steamship Co. v. United States, southern district of New York, No. A 134-158, 1, 960, 000. 00 ' 1, 333, 333. 33 2, 082, 000. 00 decided July 27, 1950. Elna. ------Ramselius v. United States, Court of Claims, No. 48538, decided May 19, 1950: Value·------6 6147, 700. 00 2 6 188, 025. 00 Charter hire ______------______-----______------______7 49, 512. 04 8 139, 138. 50 Gene. __ ------ Kendall v. United States, Court of Claims, No. 46199, decided Apr. 7, 1947; 108 Ct. Cls. 497 50, 000. 00 15, 000. 00 25, 000. 00 (1947). Geoanna. ------Seven-up Bottling Co. v. United States, Court of Claims, No. 45868, decided Dec. 2, 1946; 107 175, 000. 00 20, 000. 00 30, 000. 00 Ct. Cls. 402 (1946); cert. den. 332 U. S. 757 (1947). George Washington ______Eastern Steamship Lines v. United States, Circuit Court of Appeals, First Circuit, No. 4366, decided Dec. 31, 1948; 171 F. (2d) 589 (C. C. A., 1st, 1948)------1, 739, 872. 00 667, 500. 00 l, 100, 000. ()() Governor Cobb ______Trailerships, Inc. v. United States, Court of Claims, No. 45923, decided Apr. 1, 1946; 106 Ct. Cls. 215 (1946) _____ . ------.. _------. _------_------600, 000. 00 100, 000. 00 125, 000. ()() Hourless. ----___ •••••••• -••••• -- Wilson v. United States, District Court, Massachusetts, No. 2237, 0. A. decided Nov. 12, 1943 .•.. -. ------· ------. ------· ------12, 500. 00 4, 000. 00 4, 000. 00 International. ______Smith-Douglas, Inc. v. United States, Court of Claims, No. 46289, decided Dec. 6, 1948; 81 F. Supp. 215 (1948) •.... __ ...... __ ... __ --.... __ ---_. __ .... ______---_------. ----___ ... . 586, 592.05 8 236, 018. 78 10 11 290, 000. 00 MacArthur------____ _ Richard S. Cors v. United &ates, Court of Claims, No. 46796, decided Jan. 5, 1948; 110 Ct. Cls. 66 (1948); 337 U S. 325 (1949) ______20,000.00 9,000.00 15, 500.00 Commissioner's Report, July 12, 1950 (rehearing). Maitland No. L------Toronto, Hamilton & Buffalo Nav. Co. v. U.S., Court of Claims, No. 46435, decided Dec. 6, 1948; 112 Ct. Cls. 240 (1948); 338 U.S. 396 (1949); 116 Ct. Cls. -; 1950 A. M. C. 681.. ______766, 128. 00 72, 500.00 u 142, 500. 00 Mariner.• ______----·------__ _ Charles Zubik v. United States, Western District, Pennsylvania, No. 2815, decided June 22, 15, 000. 00 7,000.00 IO, 000.00 1945; 61 F. Supp. 4 (W. D. Penn. 1945). Mary Kay_------Hugo Menke v. United States, Northern District, California, No. 22447-R, decided July 21, 17, 000. 00 6, 500.00 6, 500.00 1943. Mayflower ___ ------Broadfoot v. United States, Court of Claims, No. 47091, decided Mar. 7, 1949; 113 Ct. Cls. 280 300, 000. 00 12, 670. 00 30, 000 .. 00 (1949). . Mizpah._------McDonald v. United States, Court of Claims, No. 45876, decided June 5, 1950 ______435, 750. 00 116, 000. 00 175, 000.00 N. G. Arfaras ______John E. Green v. United States, Southern District Florida, No. 818-T, decided July 1945 •... 14, 426. 00 9, 050. 00 11, 500. 00 Norfolk. ___ ------United States v. Buxton Line, 165 F. (2d) 993 (C. C. A. 4th 1948) ______.____ _ 9, 960.00 399. 28 4, 000. 00 Off DutY------Victor F. Sheronas v. United States, District Court, Delaware, Civil Action No. 367, decided 11, 500. 00 5,000.00 6, 000.00 August 1946. P. Kremasco .• ------John E. Green v. United States, Southern District, Florida, No. 819-T, decided July 1945 ___ _ 12, 168. 00 8, 195. 00 9, 500.00 Pacific._------·· Turkington v. United States, 108 Ct. Cls. 571 (1947) ______47, 500.00 11, 500. 00 25, 000.00 President Warfield ______Baltimore Steam Packet Co. v. U.S., 112 Ct. Cls. 469 (1949).------l, 934, 905. 00 525, 000. 00 990, 000. 00 Robert Henjes ______Helen K. Henjes v. United States, 115 Ct. Cls. 264 (1950) ______91, 900. 00 51, 781. 00 60, 000.00 State of Delaware ______Wilson Line, Inc. v. United States, 111 Ct. Cls. 764 (1948) ______642, 068. 00 275, 000. 00 488, 400. 00 State of Maryland ______Baltimore Steam Packet Co. v. United States, 112 Ct. Cls. 448 (1949) ______1, 448, 000. 00 400, 000. 00 800,000.00 State of Virginia ______Baltimore Steam Packet Co. v. United States, 112 Ct. Cls. 433 (1949) ______1, 498, 000. 00 400, 000. 00 825, 000.00 Stella Maris------Brunson v. United States, Southern District, California, No. 3659, O'C Civ;J, decided Oct. 30, 22, 000. 00 13, 500. 00 15, 000. 00 1944. Virginia.------__ . ____ .------National Bulk Carriers, Inc. v. United States, 169 F. (2d) 943 (C. C. A., 3d 1948)______3, 800, 000. 00 2, 100, 339. 04 3, 584, 000. 00 William C. McTarnaban .....•• National Bulk Carriers, Inc. v. United States, 82 F. Supp. 495 (D. C. Del.1949) ______.,;_____ 2, 612, 696. 04 1, 619, 591. 07 2, 273, 502. 61 Yorktown ______.•.. Baltimore Steam Packet Co. v. United States, 112 Ct. Cls. 458 (1949)______1, 231i, 100. 00 425, 000. 00 815, 000. 00 Zoric •• ------Robert Capoit v. United States, Eastern District of Louisiana, No. CA 667, decided May 11, 15, 625. 00 7, 500. 00 15, 000. 00 1945. Total.._----•• ------______-----______-----______------______9, 436, 092. 54 15, 282, 216.11
1 $130 per dead-weight ton. 2 $75 per dead-weight ton. a $95 per dead-weight ton. 4 No determination made. This figure is based on amount paid on account. 6 WSA determination was based on a dead weight of 2,082 tons; the court's on a dead weight of 2,507 tons. 6 $71 per dead-weight ton. 1 $1.25 per dead-weight ton. s $3 per dead-weight ton. o $54 per dead-weight ton. . 10 The Commissioner found that the value of the vessel as of September 1939 was $88,800 or $18 per dead-weight ton. 11 $66 per dead-weight ton. 12 The court originally determined $161,833.72 but on rehearing reduced the amount to $142,500. NoTE.-The court's determinations in the 31 cases amounted to 161.95 percent of Administrator's determinations. Mr. JONAS. Mr. Chairman, will the spect the great ability of the legal fra I have asked the Commission myself gentleman yield? ternity here and I want to see the courts what they would do with respect to con Mr. BONNER. I yield to the gentle sustained and so forth. The gentleman tracts already made. You gentlemen man from Illinois. can examine this himself. The Court of who are attorneys know mo:re about con Mr. JONAS. Is the gentleman able Claims I imagine. tracts than I do. But certainly a con to tell from his memoranda there what Mr. JONAS. I thought the gentleman tract with the Government is a pretty court made the award? Was it the Court might have that knowledge. sacred sort of thing, I would think, of Claims or was it another court? Mr. BONNER. I will say, since the stronger than any contract with an indi Mr. BONNER. I do not happen to gentleman asked me that question, if vidual in all probability. The Govern be a lawyer. I am one of the few laymen that p:rovision in this bill becomes law it ment is going to have an awful job get in this body and I am proud of it. I re- will be a heyday for the lawyers because ~ing away from tl:).ese contracts. 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 4819 Mr. JONAS. With reference to the grain aid to India, we are suffering ment is fcund on page 45 at line 12 of gentleman's statement about the -possi added serious damage to our position the bill and is the provision which limits bility of the lawyers having a heyday, as there which might well prove to be irre the number of voyages during any one the gen~leman probably recalls he and I parable. year. In that connection I was very served on the same committee together What is said to deter certain Members much concerned because I thought the and took up this subject matter. If there is what Mr. Nehru says about his position language which was originally proposed is to be a heyday, judging from what lit between the east and the west. Well, almost indicated that the committee did tle knowledge I gained in serving on that I think we know enough about political not wish to have additional shipping committee, by the action of the Maritime life in this House so that we can cut concerns come under the subsidy pro Commission it is merely switching the through political situations like that in gram. - I submitted language to the gen heyday away from the Maritime Com India and get at the heart of the reason tleman from Texas that might change mission and putting it in the hands of for this measure, and that is that this that apparent indication. He was good the legal profession, neither of which aid to India must come as a good will enough to include in the proviso which appeals to me very much. gesture from one democracy to another, is in the bill one of the phrases which I Mr. I.JONNER. The gentleman ren regardless of who heads it. Let us re suggested to him, and I think it does dered distinguis11ed service on the com member, too, that the measure is now definitely show that it is not the inten mittee, and his feelings and my feelings before us as a repayable loan and that tion that this subsidy program should are not so far apart, not at all. I re India is known for paying her debts. be limited to those who now have sub gret and I am sorry that all these things The riots that have taken place in In sidies. However, I also submitted lan transpired, but I must be charitable dia recently and the enormous advan guage which would permit an increase a:ild say that some of the c::.1arges tage which the Communists take from in the number of voyages every year to made against the Maritime Commission, them is at least in material partly due to provide voyages for the new people who which look so awful now, reflect a pic the fact that India is not yet getting aid want to get into the industry. He did ture of the time that the contracts and from us in grain, which we have the not agree on this point. His view was the transactions w~re taking place as capability to send them. That is what that the new people should be included against another time when the picture is proving to be so damaging to our posi under the provisions for the total num is entirely different. tion in the Far East currently. ber of voyages. Well, that led us to the Mr. JONAS. In that respect the gen Let us not forget that there are situation in which w~ found ourselves tleman is entirely right. 600,000,000 people in south and southeast this morning. Mr. BONNER. I thank the committee Asia who are not in the Communist Our committee had a meeting, and be for the privilege of addressing them, column, and two-thirds of those are in fore it came Mr. ·Gatov, a member of the but I must say that when the bill is read India. Yet, so ~ar, we stay our hands Federal Maritime Board and Assistant for amendment I shall offer an amend from aiding these people contrary to the Administrator under Admiral Cochrane. ment which I hope will meet the ap great democratic and humanitarian tra Mr. Gatov pointed these facts out to us. proval of the committee and the mem ditions of the United States, and at the· The shipping operators who are now un bership of the House. same time we talk about building up our der the subsidized program have con Mr. PHILLIPS. Mr. Chairman, I yield position in Asia. tracts. Most of them, I believe, are 20- 3 minutes to the gentleman from New Competition is what counts in this year contracts, or 10 years, I have for York [Mr. JAVITS]. world, as well as other factors, and we gotten. Most of them have 3, 4, or 8 Mr. JAVITS. Mr. Chairman, I ask have competition in respect to giving years more to run. Under those con-· unanimous consent to proceed out of food aid to India, because the Chinese tracts the operators each agree that they order and to revise and extend my re Communists and the Soviet Russians are will sail a definite miniml:m number of marks. moving in where we are leaving a vac voyages during each year, and. if they The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection uum. They are tr!ring to make their fail to sail those voyages they have brok to the request of the gentleman from deals with India today, Communist China en their contracts. New York? for 100,000 tons of rice, and Soviet Rus On the other hand, it is agreed that There was no objection. sia for -1,000,000 tons of wheat. And they may sail a maximum number of what kind of deals are they making? GRAIN FOR INDIA voyages, and any number they sail with We know that people who are desperate in that maximum the Maritime Admin Mr. JAVITS. Mr. Chairman, I am for food will make any kind of deals in istration is bound to pay for. Here is informed, that our distinguished col- order to get them food. The Commu where the squeeze comes. If the opera ·1eague the gentleman freim Georgia nists will fasten the halter right around tors sail the number of voyages which [Mr. CoxJ said that an effort was being the neck of India if we let them. Russia under their contract they are entitled to made to put something over in respect to is now trying to tie up all the burlap sail, they will use up more than the 1,450 the bill for grain aid to India-giving available in India, and thereby depriving voyages which it is proposed to author India and in the present overhanging us of one of - ~he most vital materials in ize. If they do that, there will obviously famine situation there..:::__and that I was the world; anJ let us ask ourselves be no voyages left for assignment to the trying to work out some plan of mirie whether that is going to do us any good other companies which wish to come in. -for another ECA under the guise of that in our own grim struggle against com There are some seven applications, I particular bill. munism. believe, that are pending for 48 ships I think the gentleman gives me much No; we _ought to act on this grain for that would sail possibly another 400 too much credit. I happen to be far India bill and it is my deep hope that we voyages. Mr. Gatov said that the Ad down in seniority on the Committee on will do so now at long last, promptly. ministration would not create a defi Foreign Affairs and not at all the master Mr. PHIL:JIPS. Mr. Chairman, I yield ciency by setting up the voyages for the mind he wants to make me out tu be. 5 minutes to the gentleman from Cali new operators, and that if the bill stays Though, I would like very much to be fornia [Mr. ALLEN]. as it is there will be no new lines started. considered as a leader in respect to this Mr. ALLEN of California. Mr. Chair I am interested in seeing some new lines India grain bill. Now the reasons why man, I am pleased to follow my distin started. I am more familiar with thei this bill has not been brought to a vote guished fellow member of the Merchant Pacific coast situation than any other. as yet have not been much discussed on ·Marine Committee, the ger~tleman from I know that the services to China and the floor and probably the question North Carolina, because I believe that Japan and the Philippines furnished by would not have been raised today had his expe :· ~ence on that committee, his two companies have been very valuable the gentleman not raised it, but it having very fine recollection of the problems in the past few years in carrying the been raised, I think it is very worthy of that have come before it, will give us as commerce that goes across the Pacific the consideration of the House. ·good a basis for judgment as any Mem Ocean .. I think that we ought to have ' We today hear speeches about how ber of the House could. I compliment an expanding merchant marine, and _I our position has suffered in Asia; that the him on his views and I share them. think there is no question but that this cause of the free peoples has suffered the · I would like to say at the outset that language will stop it. most damaging blows in Asia, yet we I appreciate the cooperation of the gen Mr. MILLER of California. Mr. Chair apparently fail to observe that while the tleman from Texas [Mr. THOMAS]. The man, will the gentleman yield? Congress is not taking action on this provision upon which I am going to com- Mr. ALLEN of California. I yield. 4820 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD'--HOUSE MAY 3 - Mr. MILLER of California. In that or conveniences except a temporary can· Tropical Tuna Corµmission. That particular field, is it not true that these stairway installed through the hatch Commission -was ratified by .the other companies have had to go out there and cover, through which there was some body ill' 1949, and then it set out its pre practically reestablish the business that ventilation and on which they . could liminary steps in organization. Explor was completely destroyed during the reach the open deck. It :s not surprising atory work in developing the biological war? that I should favor the maintenance of a facts about tuna is particularly needed . . Mr. ALLEN of California. That is ex reasonable number of fairly good ships In our :t>articular fishing industry we do actly correct. The operators are, in the · during peacetime in order that they not use the seine operation, but we em- . main, new people. There is another might be available to give reasonable ploy large boats, some as long as this problem that goes with this. Our sub comfort and safety to the men and ma room. They ply 6,000 miles south of sidy program requires that the shipping terials which are carried in them during California, off the coast of South and companies use American labor, which is wartime. Central America. They churn the wa accustomed to a higher standard of liv An operating subsidy in the shipping ters with small bait, and when the tuna ing than foreign labor. It requires that business is not a guaranty of profits. On arrives to take the bait they catch the repairs be made in American yards, the contrary, an operator who makes an tuna with hooks. They do not have where the same situation applies to the unreasonable profit finds th~ excess ap much trouble with Latin-American gov standards of American shipyard labor. plied in reduction of the subsidy. Our ernments so far as actually catching the If we do not have our ships running, we laws properly require the use of American tuna because they are several hundred do not have our shipyards operating to labor on American ships and that repairs miles off the coast. But in order to get take care of them. be made in American shipyards. All but bait to chum the tuna with, these boats I was rather astounded to learn the · a minor part of the subsidy involved is to have to put into the coastal waters of figures from a letter recently received offset the disparity between the cost of ·the South and Central American coun concerning the shipyards on San Fran American labor as against foreign labor tries. In doing so they often run into cisco Bay. On April 19, 1951, in the three with regard to the wages, subsistence, complications with these governments. yards which have survived the war, repairs and maintenance of . the ships These governments fear our industries there were 2,250 men employed. A year that are subsidized. might take their natural resources, and, ago, on July 1, roughly when the Ko I hope that the language of the pro while they do not need them .today, in rean incident broke out, · there were viso, which is found on page 45 at line some future time they may want . this about 6,600. There has been a decrease 12 of the bill, will be stricken from it bait fish, and therefore they resent our of 65.91 percent during that intervening by amendment. American boats coming in. As a result period. Mr. ANDREWS. Mr. Chairman, I they have set up a high tax on fishing To show what we need in emergency yield to the gentleman from California rights in those waters. times during World . War II, for exam [Mr. McKINNON]. Our industry men have negotiated ple, the three yards employed some Mr. McKINNON. Mr. Chairman, I ask from time to time with these govern thing over 63,000. There has been a 96- unanimous consent to revise and extend ments, but it has been impossible to. plus percent drop-off. · If we include the my remarks and also that I may speak arrive at satisfactory long-term agree .. · temporary war-industry yards, Kaiser out of order. ments. We need a larger scope of cov .. and Marin Ship, and so forth, we now The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection erage-one that can only be encom have something like 1 percent of the to the request of the gentleman from passed by government-to-government men working now that we needed dur California? · discussions and cooperative explorative ing the war period. There was no objection. methods on the habits of the tuna and .I know something about the shortage Mr. McKINNON. Mr. Chairman, yes the bait fish. of ships. Let me give you two or three terday during the course of the debate I would like to point out to you that examples. We had a tramp fleet about our friend and colleague the distin this industry represents a big factor in 2 years ago consisting of about 1,100 guished gentleman from Virginia CMr. our economy on the West Coast. Last American ships, which was an extraor SMITH] in talking about his amendment year, for instance, 11,000,000 cases of dinary number, but which was required made reference to the love life of a tuna. tuna were consumed, which represents at that time to carry our commerce. I know oftentimes when you get into an average of ·3 Y2 cans per man, woman; During the period of a year it dropped something like that you get into some and child. It represented about $100,- off to about 100. The tramp fleet is not thing you do not know very much about. 000,000 valuation. About $125,000,000 is subsidized. It does not survive in for I think the gentleman from Virginia invested in the industry in: the way of eign competition. At the outset of the [Mr. SMITH] got to talking about some canning equipment and boats. Korean war we had about 100 operat thing there that, while his intentions Mr. PHILLIPS. Mr. Chairman,. will ing. In the nature of things·, about half were good, is a subject about which he the gentleman yield? cannot claim to be an expert. of them were in port and half of them Mr. . McKINNON. I have very limited ·away. We found ourselves with 46 ships I would like to review the program that time, but I am glad to yield to my col .. available, ready to operate, fully manned our tuna industry on the West Coast has league. and equipped, and available to the mili been engaged in during the past 25 or 30 tary service. It was necessary for us to years. We have built an industry out Mr. PHILLIPS. The reason I asked charter 13 foreign vessels to carry our there that has grown to be the largest the gentleman to yield to me is because cargo. The Navy got some Iranian, fishirig industry in the entire United I think there is a distinction which is Greek, Panamanian, Canadian, and States. In the course of the last few not being made. What the tuna indus .. British ships to fill the immediate need years we have had a lot of complications try really wants is not necessarily until we got some of our own ships from and a lot of troubles in our fishing opera money. They have a very large income. the laid-up fleet in operation a few · tions off the coast of South America and They have been willing to do their own weeks later. Central America to such a degree that a research work. But they have to have In time of war the passenger ships be"." few years ago the American Government certain authority and certain backing come troop transports. We now have and the Government of Costa Rica and ·from the .United States or from some in operation only three which travel at several of the South and Central Ameri international board before they ·can do a speed greater than 22 knots, which is can governments met and discussed some the research that they want to do. · That the speed usually attributed to modern of the fishing operations. and fishing carries out .what I said a moment ago enemy submarines. I well remember the problems that our fleet was involved on the floor that we have to go out to personal experience while in the Navy with. It was hoped that some of the ·the States and to private industry and go In 1943 of traveling in an old Hog very complicated and bitter controversies Islander built in 1917 during World War that were growing out of the fishing op ·back to the people and say, "We do not I, travelin5 at a speed of about 8 knots, erations in the waters down as far south have to pay all that. We can give yop unescorted, for 19 days, in waters · in as the Galapagos Islands could be ·help· on those things. But why should which enemy submarines were occasion ·cleared up and settled .tn a friendly way. · we· put up Federal money when we are ally operating. Something over 20 of the As a result of these talks a convention r $257,000,000,000 in the red to pay for men aboard were carried in a forward was formed, and out of that there was ! something that you can afford to pay or cargo hold, where they had no comforts formed what is called the Inter-Ameri- · the State can afford to pay~" 1951 CONGR~ ESSIQNAL_ RECORD-HOUSE 4821 I think that ought to entn into the lacks an industry that might have provided The CHAIRMAN. The time of the discusslon and Mr. Chairman, I yield extensive employment for her population and gentleman from California has again ex one additional minute to the gentleman. a change in diet for the diabetics of the ·Nation. pired. Mr. McKINNON. The gentleman has Now the work of the Inter-American Trop Mr. PHILLIPS. Mr. Chairman, I made a very good point and a point that ical. Tuna Commission is threatened by. yield one additional minute to the gen I was going to bring out. Our industry stories going arnund on Capitol Hill about the tleman from California. has developed itself independently from love life of the tuna, and a story on the love Mr. McKINNON. Mr. Chairman, in its own private funds. We want to keep life of ·halibut was printed in a Washington closing I would just like to bring home independent. We do not want Govern n ewspaper last week. three points: The first is we do not ask ment interference if we can get away, Nothing is more dangerous to the fishing industry of America than for responsible per for a specific subsidy; we want to be in from it.. The point is that this indus sons in public life to ridicule our industry by dependent. Second, we need to en try cannot go to the South American satirical remarks concerning the sex life of courage good relationships with the governments. We have to have a Gov fish and shellfish. The existence of the sea countries south of the border. This ernment-to-Government approach, and food industry depends upon sex life to the convention will assist in better relations that is why we have asked the State De same extent as does the cattle and hog and with Latin America and a mutual in· partment to come in and assist us offi poultry industries, yet we seldom hear of otease in prosperity for all our peoples. cially in getting this problem worked farmers' appropriations for research being Third, if we. are going to study the love curtailed because the meat, poultry, and out. We are not asking for a free ride even the honeybee industries are dependent life of cattle, hogs, and everything else at all. We can · pay our way, but we on sex life, as indeed are all agriculture in this country, certainly there can be must have a Government-to-Govern crops, not to mention the perpet uation of nothing wrong in studying the love life ment approach to get any action. humanity itself. of the tuna which also is a very impor-· · Mr. ROONEY. Mr. · Chairman, will . The fishing industry resents these love life tant segment of the American economy. the gentleman yield? stories that are told, for the purpose of kill Mr. PHILLIPS. Mr. Chairman, I Mr. McKINNON. I yield. ing Federal appropriations for research. In yield 5 minutes to the gentle11an from I deed, the public itself is gradually becoming Iowa [Mr. MARTIN]. Mr. ROONEY. have asked the gen aware of the fact that mankind must de tleman to yield to me in order that I pend more and more on the products of the Mr. MARTIN of Iowa. Mr. Chairman, might emphasize the point that this sea for maintaining the human race. Those about 12 years ago I became interested problem should not be ref erred to face ... nations r"cognizing this fact by amply pro in the stockpile program for strategic tiously as one of studying the love life of viding research facilities for utilizing the ex and critical materials. I was amazed to the tuna fish. There is nothing wrong tensive protein and mineral resources of the find that we had no law establishing a with studying the love life or sex habits seas and lakes and rivers will still be around, stockpile. The Military Affairs Commit· of the tuna fish or the love life or sex while those nations who laugh off their re tee went about the business of writing a· sponsibilities for sea-food research will be in habits of halibut as has been done in co the category of ancient Rome. law known on its enactment as Public operation with the Canadian Govern· Ask your Congressman why he discrimi Law 117 of the Seventy-sixth Congress. ment for almost 30,years. This is an im nates against ·the love life of fish, but en That was the first stockpiling law in our portant international problem. It affects courages the love life of cattle and hogs and Nation's history. In 1046 we revised that a ·large segment of our population, and corn an4 cotton. Let him know ·that the law ill the Seventy-ninth Congress as affects an industry of which this country fishing industry resents being laughed out of Public Law 520 of the Seventy-ninth may well be proud. It -should not be court, to defeat appropriations. Con~ress, which is the present stockpile Fifteen years is a long time, but that much laughed down, as I understand was done time and effort and patience has been ex• law. yesterday in talking about the love life of pended to bring the work of the Inter-Ameri I have throughout the past 12 years racoons. So far as I am concerned, and can Tropical Tuna Commission through an had occasion to study this matter in I know a little about the subject, the international treaty, and even the exigencies tensively, and I see on the floor here State Department very properly negoti of -war do not necessitate complete abandon just now men who have worked with me ated the treaty. and formed the Inter· ment of 15 years of work that gives such great in that field. I refer to the gentleman. American Tropical Tuna . Commission promise for the utilization and wise conserva from North Carolina [Mr. DURHAM], the because without it you folks on the low· tion of the tuna resources of North and South gentleman from Pennsylvania [Mr. FEN er west coast of California could not America. TON]-! saw him here a moment ago; get the bait you must have to fis:1 for Mr. McKINNON. The gentleman be is gone now. I have seen several men the tuna, and you would have a $100,000,-. makes a very good point. here this afternoon who have a like in 000 industry ruined. You will find the . Mr. MILLER of California. Mr. terest with mine regarding the welfare following article just written by Charles Chairman, will the gentleman yield? and well-being and adequacy of our E. Jackson, general manager of the Na· The CHAIRMAN. The time of the stockpile of strategic and critical ma tional Fisheries Institute, Inc., highly gentieman from California has expired. terials. I will say this, that back in 1946· _interesting: Mr. YATES. Mr. Chairman, I yield when we wrote Public Law 520 of the LoVE LIFE OF TUNA, HAi.muT, AND FROGS? one additional minute to the gentleman. Seventy-ninth Congress, the gentleman Efforts are unwittingly being made for Mr. McKINNON. I yield. from North Carolina and. I had definitely political purposes to laugh out of existence · Mr. MILLER of California. As a fo mind a yardstick, an objective, to give the work of the Inter-American · Tropical former executive of the California Di· this Nation a little better protection in ·Tuna Commission and the Halibut Commis vision of Fish and Game, I think I know the matter of strategic and crftical ma sion, just as Senator Pat Harrison, by a sin terials for any war challenge that might gle·speech some twenty-odd years ago, killed something about the problem that con· research on bullfrogs in the United States fronts us. The gentleman from New come. I notice also the gentleman from for perhaps all time. Meanwhile, frog legs York [Mr. RooNEY] touched on it when New Jersey [Mr. CANFIELD] who has al have become an expensive luxury in the he spoke about it, and the gentleman ways been active with us. United States at prices so high that this val from California [Mr. McKINNON] . We have watched this program care uable food is not available for thousands of touched on it when he spoke about the fully and very· diligently throughout all people suffering from diabetes who, like other bait and the so-called lovelife of the the years. The objective was set in 1946 citizens, would like a change in their diet. sardine, which is used for ba·it. We before we had what we now recognize Had the Fish and Wildlife Service had a reasonable amount of research funds these nearly lost the sardine industry on the as a known adversary; but when the past years, frog legs might now be available Pacific Coast because we were not famil Korean war came along we had not at reasonable cost to diabetic patients; As it iar enough with the biological facts sur· achieved over 34 percent of the planned is, t he supply must come fron;i. wild stocks rounding the propagation of the fish and objective of ·what was originally esti ln the southern swamps and from imports because we overfished.. We' have run mated as our need. When the Korean .from Cuba. Supplies cannot be maintained into great difficulties. I may say that war came along those needs were also ~ onsistently and the price range is high. the State of California spends a great boosted tremendously, so that here even Meanwhile, Japan developed a very profitable with the added acquisitions of the past · frog leg industry which employs many peo sum of money on this each year. What , ple. Senator Pat Harrison's famed ridicule we need is a greater study of the fishery year we have still only approximately 40 made the news headlines, but destroyed any resources of this country which can be percent of the stockpile on hand. hope for Federal appropriat ions for bullfrog increased only by knowing more about . I am very pleased with the stepped-up research and today the St_ate of Mississippi its love life. i:ecord of the responsible offic ~ als of the . XCVII-304: 4822 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· HOUSE MAY 3 Munitions Board and GSA in the matter This stockpile is the point where we' all, it is the arm of Congress. It is the of the acquisition of stockpiles during start the adequacy of our defense. This auditor. It is the watchdog for the Con the past year. But I was alarmed when is where we look to get the materials to gress. It is headed by a very distin I saw in this bill no item for additional build modern weapons, and we need guished a:::id able American, a man who funds for stockpiling. I then turned to more and more modern weapons and we is in my judgment doing an excellent. the hearings and the committee report. cannot get them unless we have these job in his position. This is one agency I find from the hearings reference to the particular materials. I know thtre is that I would not want to see crippled in fact that there is a billion-dollar item in controversy in private industry about any respect. the President's budget message, and also this stockpiling. I know that we were In looking at the hearings it would that there is a plan for the Committee very wise when we placed in Public Law appear that this committee has seen fit on Appropriations to take that matter 520 of the Seventy-ninth Congress that to cut down some of the kp-flight posi up later on. May I inquire of the chair no part of the stockpile material could be tions for"that office and has also reduced man of the subcommittee if that is not taken out of the stockpile without au the amount of funds. I would like to the plan? thority from the Congress. It is because have that explained, because I do not. Mr. THOMAS. First, may I make an there are people who are watching that want this particular agency crippled in observation, then I will answer the ques stockpile with an eye to getting some of any respect. To reduce its efficiency and tion. This subcommittee wants to com~ it for their needs for civilian production its ability to carry on will cost the Gov mend the gentleman from Iowa [Mr. that we have got to be careful. But we ernment many times in expenditures MARTIN] for his careful study and hard cannot have better· insurance than this what mig:1t be saved by comparatively work on the stockpiling program. A stockpile if we are going to match our small reductions to this agency. large part of its success is certainly due strength against a world power at any Mr. THOMAS. Mr. Chairman, will the to his untiring efforts. time in the future. That is my real deep gentleman yield? Mr. MARTIN of Iowa. I thank the concern in the matter. Mr. RE~S of Kansas. I yield to the gentleman. I commend the committee and hope distinguished gentleman from Texas. Mr. THOMAS. Let me say that at no they will continue their attention in this Mr. THOMAS. Let me say to our dis time in the last 3 years or any other field and appreciate their giving me this ttnguished friend from Kansas that the· time-if I am in error I wish to be cor informatk.n. I am looking forward to committee shares his point of view ex rected but if my memory serves me cor further developments. t am not going actly 100 percent. It is an agency that rectly-has this committee ever denied to stop with just this committee because is an arm of the Congress. As a matter one 5-cent piece for the stockpiling of I am going to keep everlastingly on the of fact, they have a tremendous budget, critical material. As a matter of fact, trail of the Munitions Board-they know and we reduced them a little less than in the fiscal year 1951 here is what this it down there, I do not have to acquaint $500,000, and that reduction has come committee granted them in dollars and them with the fact I am constantly on about by virtue of the fact that they cents: First, in the 1950 bill we gave them their trail-also GSA-to make sure that transferred some of their activities to $525,000,000, no reduction, for the stock they do not take their eyes off the real the Post Office Department where here piling of critical material. In 1951 they objective-that we may have an ade tofore have been in the General Account came in with a regular bill requesting quate national defense stockpiie as the ing Office. Instead of cutting down the $605,000,000, which was granted. There protection that we are entitled to have. top-flight positions, I will say to the gen was a supplemental bill for 1951, $598,- Our action on these appropriation bills tleman from Kansas, if he will read the 637 ,000, then a second supplemental in will help guarantee to my son and his report carefully, we did a little legislat 1951 for $1,834,000,000, a totalfor 1951 of buddies who are now fighting in Korea, ing, and I hope the House will forgive $3,038,000,000. that we are back of them with the sinews us, but we increased his top-flight posi The CHAIRMAN. The time of the of war. · tions by five. He wanted eleven and we gentleman from Iowa has expired. The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gave him five. Mr. THOMAS. Mr. Chairman, I yield gentleman from Iowa has expired. Mr. REES of Kansas. I appreciate the gentleman three additional minutes.- Mr. PHILLIPS. Mr. Chairman, I yield that. This is one agency that is headed Mr. MARTIN of Iowa. I thank the 3 minutes to the gentleman from Kansas by a group of outstanding, efficient men, gentleman very much. I yield to the [Mr. REES]. Mr. THOMAS. I know the gentleman gentleman from California [Mr. PHIL · Mr. REES of Kansas. Mr. Chairman, will agree with us and he will not think LIPS]. I have requested these few minutes to we are sinning when we gave him those Mr. PHILLIPS. The total we · have make an inquiry with respect to only five. given, the gentleman from Iowa should one or two items in this bill. One of Mr. REES of Kansas. Certainly not. know, in 1951 alone was $3,038,548,370. them is with regard to the Government's If the Ccmptroller General felt he should The total we have given to date, includ contribution to the retirement fund of have more than five in those higher posi ing both cash and contract, is $4,458,548,- the Civil Service Commission. I notice tions, he would favor doing so. He would 370. The total they have on hand, the appropriation calls for $300,000,000 not ask for them unless they were needed. which. may interest the gentleman from while the amount requested was $320,- He would be sure to· select capable men Iowa, presently is $1,623,543,734. 000,000. The request has been cut by qualified under civil service, and as I Mr. MARTIN of Iowa. That is not $20,000,000. I think the membtrship of stated before, expenditures .here will yet expended? the House should know that we really do mean gre.ater economies in other depart Mr. PHILLIPS. That is not yet ex not save anything by reducing this par ments of the Government. pended. ticular item. The fact remains that the Mr. THOMAS. The gentleman made Mr. MARTIN of Iowa. I thank the retirement fund lacks about $5,000,000,- a fine statement, and we greatly appre gentleman. That brings out the infor 000 of being actuarily sound. In other ciate it. mation I wanted to have in this discus words, it would take approximately $5,- Mr. REES of Kansas. I thank the sion. 000,000,000 if the retirement fund were gentleman. Mr. rHILLIPS. That is not obligated. placed on a basis similar to that of life Mr. THOMAS. Mr. Chairman, I yield Mr. MARTIN of Iowa. I thank the insurance companies. 5 minutes to the gentleman from Illi gentle~i,n from Texas and the gentle The other matter I wanted to call at nois [Mr. SABATH]. man from California for the informa tention to is the appropriation for the. Mr. SABATH. Mr. Chairman, earlier tion. I think it is highly important to Comptroller General's Office. today I opposed this rule because I con-. get that before the Nation today in the It appears the committee has seen fit sidered that the provisions in this bill, course of this debate because the absence· to reduce considerably the amount re especially as they relate to housing, were of any fund for stockpiling of strategic quested by the Office of Comptroller Gen manifestly unfair and unjustifiable. No and critical materials in this appropria eral. In all probability the members one can deny that there is still a great tion bill may be misunderstood. I un of the committee felt they had reasons shortage in housing; but, unfortunately, derstand from the hrnrings that you are for doing it, but ::: just want to say this my Republican friends, especially the going to give the budget item for stock is one agency of the Government that is leaders, never seem to realize that the piling further attention in the near fu- an extremely important one, and is ef ex-servicemen and the people of this ' ture and I am behind that 100 percent. ficiently operated and managed. After Nation a.re entitled to have a roof over 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 4823 their heads. I called their attention to Merchant Marine and Fisheries. I say ministrative Services Act and vesting the it years ago. Unfortunately, they have this, that our committee 2 years ago authority and complete responsibility for always more or less opposed housing started that investigation. It is due to the management of the affairs and ac legislation. In this bill they actually the gentleman from New Jersey [Mr. tivities of the General Services Admin scuttled the laws that we passed in airl HART], its present chairman, and many istration within the Administrator. of housing, wbich I greatly regret. Of of its members, that the old Board, that Likewh~e. this recommendation seems to course, they did that under the pretense was altogether too liberal, from my view me to be in con:tlict with the objectives that they desire economy and to save point, and that I criticized, was elimi and legislative concepts as expressed by money, which is only said on the :floor nated. The new Board is trying to safe the Congress in the Budget and Account of the House for political reasons and guard the rights and interests of our ing Procedures Act of 1950. for no other. They have even inveigled Treasury and our country. · The recommendations of the Hoover some of the Democrats to vote with them Mr. THOMAS. Mr. Chairman, I yield Commission and provisions of the Fed-· to make possible the adoption of some 10 minutes to the gentleman from Vir eral Property and Administrative Serv of these outrageous restrictions as to ginia [Mr. HARDY]. ices Act recognize the necessity of elimi public housing, Mr. HARDY. Mr. Chairman, in look nating duplicative management and Mr. YATES. Mr. Chairman, will tile ing over the report on this appropria administrative elements of related activ gentleman yield? tion bill1 I was somewhat puzzled by one ities. They permit the responsible ad Mr. SABATH. I yield to the g~ntle of the recommendations dealing with the ministrative official, in this case the man from Illinois. estimates of the General Services Ad Administrator of General Services Ad Mr. YATES. I agree with what the ministration. In serving as a member of ministration, to consolidate such un gentleman has said. In committee I this body it has been my pleasure to necessary and overlapping independent opposed the provisions of the bill relat worl~ with the Administrator of General activities. An essential ingredient of ing to housing. As a matter of fact, the Services Administration on several mat this facility is the establishment of an Bureau of the Budget attempted to cut ters and although this agency has not appropriation structure which is conso the 10-percent allotment to publi.c hous been in operation long I have been im nant with this over-all management con ing which had been created by the Pub pressed with the abilities of the Admin cept. The relative proportions of funds lic Housing Act of 1949, when it was istrator and the manner in which the to be utilized on individual programs thought there would be 810,000 housing activities of the General Services Ad under the single general management units started this year. That was the ministration are managed and super actually are not significant. reason for the · cut of public housing vised. I have also familiarized myself Without reasonable consolidation and units from 135,000 to 75,000 by the Bu somewhat with the provisions of the without control in the Administrator, reau of the Budget. I agree with the Federal Property and Administrative budgeting, financing, accounting, and gentleman, we need more. But certainly S;rvices Act, as amended by Public Law reporting transactions are multiplied in this cut is unwarranted. 754 of the Eighty-first Congress. As I almost geometric proportion. Informa Mr. SABATH. I agree with the g_en recall, this legislation was one of tl).e tion recently developed by the Expendi tleman. The other side does not obJect first enactments of the Congress imple tures Committee points up the almost to using the materials for the construc menting . the recommendations of the unbelievable amount of paper work re tion of plants here and there, many of Hoover Commission. It merged several quired in procurement and related them unnecessary, but when it comes to semiautonomous bureaus and adminis financing and accounting operations at housing they always seem to be opposed trations into the General Services Ad the Detroit Ordnance Arsenal. The to it and I have called their attention ministration, vesting the complete au proposed change in the appropriation to it: that the people wi_ll resent it, and thority for the management of affairs structure of the General Services Admin they will. in the Administrator. As previously in istration differs only in degree and not in Mr. PHILLIPS. Mr. Chairman, will dicated, this legislation was consonant principle. the gentleman yield? with the recommendations of the Hoover The Budget and Accounting Proce Mr. SABATH. I yield to the gentle Commission to eliminate the specific dures Act of 1950 provides in section 113 man from California. legislative authorities running directly Poland on the very heels of the American and French revolutions. would place an added and unnecessary MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE accounting burden on the agency. Thus Poland joined with the new Amer The proposed changes in the appro . A message from the Senate, by Mr. ican Republic in enshrining in basic law priation structure seem to me to tend Woodruff, its enrolling clerk, announced the ideals of human dignity and liberty. toward the kind of condition we found at that the Senate agrees to the report of The similiarity between the American the Detroit Arsenal. I feel certain that the committee of conference on the dis Constitution and the !:>ol' 3h Constitution the committee does not intend to pro agreeing votes of the two Houses on the of Polish liberty and American liberty: mote such a condition. I should like to amendment of the House to the bill Polonaise Militaire proclaiming hordes in its heroic defense of its free yond the iron curtain in whom there to the world that Poland is again free. dom. The subsequent defeat of Hitler in still remains some hope and confidence, Mr. MACHROWICZ. Mr. Speaker, I World War II did not bring relief to but what is most tragic, a policy which yield to the gentleman from Michigan stricken Poland. The world was told that cannot help but bring communism closer [Mr. DINGELL]. Poland would again be free and inde to our own shores. Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, this day pendent. But the United States had not And nowhere in the recent policy in the annals of history records the great yet awakened to its responsibilities as a speeches in the great debate can we yet advance of the liberty loving and demo world power and def ender of freedom. find any assurance that those who rise cratic people of Poland. On May 3, ~. 791, And so it was that Stalin was able to against the Russi~n despot elsewhere the Parliament of Poland adopted her carry out his diabolical plot against Po can count on our moral and material famous constitution. This was a mile land while the rest of the world stood support. We seem strangely indifferent stone on the highway of progress which helplessly by and watched a noble, free to the fate of those on the other side followed along the same course as that dom-loving people bludgeoned into sub of the iron curtain. prescribed by the Constitution and the mission. The Russian guaranties of free I am thoroughly convinced that the Bill of Rights; which made America the elections and freedom of the press proved people of Poland, in whom the spirit of land of the free, the champion of the to be empty and cynical pledges which freedom and liberty has always burned oppressed, and a friend of all mankind. they had no intention of fulfilling. Un brightly, cannot and will not submit in On the basis of our constitutional der a brutal campaign of terror, slavery, definitely to the rule of their Communist achievements, the world today looks to purges, and tyranny, Poland, a shattered oppressors. I am confident that when us for guidance and support. nation, bJcame subjected to Russian the opportunity presents itself, the Over the course of centuries the people generals and Kremlin bureaucrats in Polish people will throw off the yoke of of Poland have made progress and their Polish uniforms. dictatorship and again seek the freedom objective has always been to live peace The tragic story of Poland is impor and independence which is their right fully with their neighbors, while at home tant not only to Poles but to all of the and their ultimate destiny. their fundamental desire, premised on a freedom-loving people of the world. It One of our best allies in the coming wholesome family life imbued with a re should constantly remind us of two very struggle with Soviet Russia, a struggle ligious fervor, was patterned to grow into important lessons. First, it should im which appears to be more certain with a nation dedicated to the principle of press upon our minds the necessity of every passing day, will be those Polish perpetuating human dignity and the international cooperation, and action patriots who have so long made their freedom of the citizen. The concept through the United Nations to prevent mark upon the pages of the struggle for among the people of Poland, which is so aggression and to protect the independ liberty throughout the world. deeply ingrained, holds that government ence of small nations. And it should also Let us ~oclaim in ringing words that is the servant and not the master, and be an everlasting reminder that when the the free portion of mankind will never accordingly that the duly chosen repre Russians speak of democracy and prom reconcile itself to the permanent en sentatives of the people must carry out ise freedom, they are in reality thinking slavement of those now subjugated by the untrammeled will of the electorate of tyranny and promising slavery. the Communists; that we shall not con and not impose its autocratic will upon But the United Nations, in order to sider our job done until there is a com those whom it was intended to serve. continue to retain the respect of the plete liberation of all the Sovietized The people of Poland at this time, sub civilized world, must have a firm deter people. Let us break down their awful sense of isolation from the democratic jugated as they are by a despised and mination to act with courage and speed world. - unfriendly foreign ideology and power, to prevent aggression. It will then again yearn for the day when the yoke of this be the hope of mankind and capture the And words alone will not be enough. oppression may be broken and discarded imagination of all peoples, even those They must be backed by deeds-dra forever and the perverted and godless living under the iron curtain. matic, forthright, and unequivocal. Only foe driven beyond its border. The peo The determination to finally stand up then shall we come to the great conflict ple of Poland walled off behind the iron and resist aggression in Korea was a of our era with clean hands and clean curtain may be assured that the Ameri great step forward. It revived a light of consciences. Only then will we capture can people, spurred by the patriotism hope to the free people of the world. the powerful, and perhaps decisive, .and exemplary lives of more than 7,000,- But let us not let them down again, for weapon represented by the explosive dis 000 Americans of Polish antecedents, we may never have another chance. contents, by the aspirations for freedom, share the hopes and the aspirations of Now that the future of our own Amer in the Communist dominated part of the people of Poland. We want to as ica is so obviously threatened by the the world. sure them, Mr. Speaker, on this day menace of Soviet aggression, it is imper President Truman on April 6, 1945, commemorating the adoption of the ative that all Americans be made aware said: great Polish document of freedom that of what Soviet ruthlessness and what the We shall refuse to recognize any Govern we have neither forgotten nor aban callousness of Red Russian policy really ment imposed on any nation by the force of any foreign power. doned them to the bestiality of commu means. nistic dominance and control. No bar The American people and the world Let us repeat and implement that rier, be it iron curtain or Chinese wall, must be told also and clearly what our pledge with a positive and forceful dec will ever isolate or dividv the people of policy is, and we must firmly sta~d by it. laration that we shall never rest until Poland from their friends in the United 4826 €QNGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MAY 3 . . States of America. Every loyal Ameri The world outside the iron curtain constitution would com.'! the stability to can prays for the day when friendly re knows, however, that the overpowering discourage the aggressive plans of her lations between the Poles and the Amer army of a hostile neighbor is the cause powerful neighbors. It sought to estab icans may be freely and happily re of Poland's plight, and that her con lish order under law. It held that re sumed, when the communistic hordes stitut.ion is truly suspended under the form without order was a tragic waste. will be driven out or destroyed, and the tyrannical government which rules her This was perhaps its greatest promise to glory that is Poland once again brought soil as a satellite of Soviet Russia. the people of Poland. into its own. The imprint of the Musco When our own great charter of Fed With powerful and ruthless dictators vite horde and the welt of their murder eral Government went into effect, Ben . firmly entrenched on both sides, the ous. whiplash will be eradicated and jamin Franklin stated that-- hopes and aspirations of the Polish peo healed, please God at the earliest day. Our Constitution is in actual operation; ple were all too soon crushed by the We in America, like our brethren in everything appears to promise it will last, second and third partitions in 1793 and Poland, hold fast to the teaching of our but in this world nothing is certain but 1795. Then, as always, Poland was the Holy Mother the Church, deriving our death and taxes. victim of its geographical location. A daily sustenance in our undying faith The same appearances of promise at land of fertile plains, with little natural that Poland's bonds will be broken and tended the inauguration of the Polish defensive barriers, it soon succumbed to · that she will rise again along with her Constitution. It was drafted here on the rolling hordes of the German Empire sister nations who have been chained · our own soil. It was devised and in and Russia. Frederick William and and enslaved by the fiends of commu tended to last for perpetuity. But its Catherine the Great sent their armies on nism. The spirit of the true Christian inherent virtue as an instrument of a tour of devastation and subjugation like a cuirass will give protection to the government was destroyed by venal men once again, and Poland lost her freedom faithful people of Polar..d in their un who were unworthy of its blessings. and liberty. shaken will as expressed in their daily Therein lies the pity and th~ tragedy In 1918, during World War I, the fate prayers. Each day as the sun rises they of the present woeful state of the Polish of Poland and other small nations of will continue to raise their eyes and their Consti tu ti on. Europe, was again uppermost in the hearts toward Mary the Queen of the Governments- minds of our diploma ts and those of our Polish Crown, and in her intercession allies. It was in. 1918 that I introduced there will be the final assurance of Po Said the founder of Penn sy .1. -ve:u~ a a resolution to recognize the Polish lanq's complete restoration and the re like clocks, go from the motion men give regiments who joined others in fighting sumption of Poland's· rightful place in them and, as governments are made and moved by men, so by men they are ruined, the Hapsburg autocracy, as part of our the family of friendly nations. allied forces, which sacrificed its all in The periods of persecution which the too. Therefore, governments rather depend upon men than men upon governments. the fight against the Kaiser and his fol people of Poland seemingly must endure· lowers in the hope that through the de from time to time tends to temper the The successful usurpation of the Gov f eat of Imperial Germany the liberty spirit which makes them a race which ernment of Poland by men of political and freedom that Poland was seeking can never be exterminated and which immorality leaves her constitution un will live forever. · would become a reality. scathed. The true virtue of Poland is Knowing that Germany and Kaiser Mr. MACHROWICZ. Mr. Speaker, I in the body of her people. yield to the distinguished majority lead Wilhelm actually controlled the Austrian When those people shall rise again, Army, I had urged President Wilson not er, the gentleman from Massachusetts as they always have, from the ruins of [Mr. McCORMACK]. their nation's conquest, they shall again to conclude a separate peace with Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, to clothe themselves with the adornments Austria-Hungary because it would not day is the anniversary of the institution of freedom, justice, and brotherhood un have brought an earlier end to the war of the constitution of Poland. der the Polish Constitution. as many believed, nor would it have After centuries of subjugation and the It is only a matter of time and let advanced the interest of self-determina travail of conquering partitions, Poland us hope it will be soon, when the brave, tion and freedom for Poland and other emerged from the maelstrom of World liberty-loving people of Poland, a deeply oppressed peoples of Europe. I was . War I as an integrated and full-ft.edged religious people, will again regain their proud indeed that I finally succeeded in democracy in middle Europe. freedom and independence. convincing President Wilson that we Modern Poland and the democratic Mr. MACHROWICZ. Mr. Speaker, I should keep our pledge and assurance to constitution under which it functioned yield to the distinguished dean of the these liberty-loving and freedom-seeking were a monument to the political genius Illinois delegation [Mr. SABATHJ. peoples by refusing to negotiate a sepa of Woodrow Wilson. Mr. SABATH. Mr. Speaker, 44 years rate peace with Austria-Hungary. Modeled closely upon our own scheme ago it was my privilege in this House to After the defeat of Germany and of representative government, the Polish speak on the one hundred and sixteenth Austria-Hungary, I urged, together with Constitution brought order to a people anniversary of the adoption of the con Professor Paderewski, Professor Ma who had cherished and nurtured the stitution submitted by King Stanislas saryk, and other leaders of small nations, hope of liberty with grim determination Augustus II to the Polish Diet; today we that the United States should demand against seemingly hopeless odds recall the one hundred and sixtieth an that autonomy and freedom be given throughout years of desperation. niversary of this event which lives in the these oppressed nations. As a member How bitter, then, must be the hearts minds and the memory of Poles every of the Foreign Affairs Committee of the of the liberty-loving Poles in viewing where. This document embodied the House at that time I was gratified that today what appears to be the wreckage dreams of a great leader-dreams of lib this was brought about and Poland re of their hopes. erty and democracy for a nation and its united as a free and independent nation. The constitution so laboriously people following the liberation of strug In the case of Poland, as in many other brought forth for the governance of free gling Poland from Prussian and Russian instances, history has shown that peace, Poland is today prostituted to the ma despotism. It is significant to note that democracy, and stately order cannot be nipulations of a puppet government this constitution was adopted about 15 confined within the borders of any one which serves the beck and call of its years after our immort~l Constitution nation. The peace the people of Po masters in the Kremlin. became a reality. It was hailed by the land sought in that day, and the peace Its guaranties of political, social, and Polish Congress of that day as a master the peoples of the world so earnestly pray religious freedom are reduced to grimly document, and it received the unani !for today, can only come through a. ironic platitudes in the ohscene mouth.:. mous approval of the Diet. Polish na meeting of the minds of leaders in ings of men who neithtr love Poland nor tionalism and Polish democracy had at nations the world over. It can never be respect any constitution. · last been achieved in the minds of the achieved by wars, bloodshed, slaughter, The tragedy which has befallen Po leaders of that day. There was joy and and devastation. Again, history through land in the form of her present parti exultation throughout the land. The out all the ages has shown that the tion is the more awful because it seem lights of Warsaw blazoned throughout cruel scars of the hates and enmi ingly was accomplished under the f orm8 the night; at last they were free. ties engendered by conftict are never and procedures of her democratic con It was the hope. and dream of King healed. Even though treaties are signed stitution. Stanisla.r; and his followers that from this providing for the peaceful solution of 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 4827 problems after war's end, the sores and Throughout her history she has endured cultured west, as opposed to the then, ugly wounds resulting from these wars the disaster of military conquest at the and still now, barbarian east. suddenly become infected· again, and the ·hands of more powerful neighbors sev It seems needless to prove that what noble words and efforts of diplomats and .era! times. She is today under the dom happened in Warsaw, Poland, on that statesmen- around the peace table be ination of the Soviet Union, and her peo historic day of May 3, 1791, was but a come meaningless and the trea.ties mere ple today are tasting the bitter dregs of logical result of the Poles' thinking and scraps of paper. · · Communist rule. feeling along the lines of the then under The great problem facing the world In company with other countries be .going revolutionary changes in Franc·e, today, as always, is to change the char hind the darkness of the iron curtain, the and, indeed, in these United States. acter of dictators whose aggressive de people of Poland have learned the sor The powerful wind that was blowing signs on weak and struggling nations in rowful lessons f ram harsh personal ex from the west could not fail to reach evitably result in cataclysms of horror. perience that where communism pre Poland. The overthrow of the obsolete Difficult as this task might seem, it is not vails there is no freedom of the body. and. tyrannical French monarchy,' the impossible. Here is to be found the of the mind, or of the spirit. Her peo ensuing currents of liberation · of the basis of American foreign policy today. ple were among the first to learn that human flesh and soul from dictatorial The United Nations is the one hope of a communism is a godless struggle for bondage, the actions undertaken by the torn and distressed world to accomplish world dictatorship founded on atheistic revolutl.onary leaders of this country, this end. With all of t~e set-backs thus materialism. have as they indeed must have, influ far experienced, I feel very strongly that But even now, as always before when enced the thinking and the conduct of patience and determination will ~lti she has been ground under the heel of the leaders of Poland. mately result in the success of the Umted foreign aggression, Poland may take Although Poland's monarchical system Nations in its laudable effort to bring some measure of comfort in the inspira and the elective kings that it installed peace and tranquillity among nations, to tion of this day on which her constitu on Poland's throne, were in many ways bring order out of chaos in world affairs, tional liberties were defined and given much more liberal and certaillly less dic and to end the heartless slaughter and effect 160 years ago. The memories of tatorial than most of the monarchical terrible destruction the world is con- that great event linger on as a basis for systems at the time prevailing in Eu stantly enduring. , the hope and the prayers of· Poles for rope-it was, nevertheless, true that a . Only· when real peace is firmly estab the dignity of freedom and independ majority of Poland's population, espe lished can the people of Poland and other ence. cially the peasant class and the inhabi.:. small nations again enjoy the true free A nation which produced men with tants of that country's towns and cities, dom liberty, order, and justice, so the courage and· the will of a Pulaski, a were deprived of any influence on the clea~ly outlined in the historic Polish Sobieski, and a Kosciusko is a nation affairs of state, at that time, before adop Constitution of 1791. When that day which will never succumb to the lash tion of the liberal constitution of 1791. dawns, as I hope and pray it will in the of the dictatorship of communism or It is also true, however, that no other very near future, the peop~e of Pol~nd any other a theistic dogma. country in Europe had, at that time, a will again witness the unanimous act10n more democratic system of government of its Diet ordaining and establishing It is a nation which is determined to based on ·a limited constituency. a new constitution worthy of a great regain its freedom no matter how long The adoption of the constitution of people, designed along the same lofty freedom must wait. May 3, 1791, brought Poland into the principles of freedom, democracy, and Not alone Americans of Polish descent ranks of the riew democracies of the justice for all, laid down so wisely by but Americans who admire and respect world. Being threatened then-as she King Stanislas Augustus II in that event the yearning of mankind everywhere for was throughout the nineteenth and twen.. ful year 1781. I earnestly hope and con dignity and freedom share on this day tieth centuries-and up to date, unfor a feeling of fraternity and kinship with fidently expect when peace becomes ii tunately, by separate or combined efforts reality that Poland will regain the do the people of Poland whose fight for free of Ru_ssia and Germany, regardless of the main wrested from her and that all her dom may have been slowed down by a coloring of the regimes that the two nationals will again be reunited as one ruthless police state, but we take com predatory countries might have at their fort in the knowledge that their fight respective helms at any time, Poland has in the family of nations. will go on until it is won. Mr. Speaker, it is fitting that on this seen fit to enlarge the constituency upon anniversary date we recall the great ·May God speed that great day. which the Government was based, to work of this democratic leader as an Mr. MACHROWICZ. Mr. Speaker, I give complete equality to all classes of encouragement and inspiration to the yield 10 minutes to the gentleman from its population, and to make a decisive freedom-loving peoples of Poland, re-. Illinois [Mr. KLUCZYNSKI]. step on exactly the same way to self minding them that the struggle for peace Mr. KLUCZYNSKI. Mr. Speaker, the government, that this Nation had chosen is unending; it must go on until its full anniversary of the adoption of the Con ·Under George Washington, assisted by realization is with us all. Let all who stitution of Poland-May 3, 1791-pre the great son of Poland, Thaddeus believe that people everywhere are en sents to us the best opportunity for an Kosciusko. titled to the freedom and liberty which appraisal of the true meaning of the The numerous provisions of the May we en.ioy, cooperate and aid in every way present tragic plight of Poland. 3 constitution include certain ·basic so that Poland's aspirations, dreams, and The fallowing two undisputable facts elements which have retained a lasting hopes may come true and that once characterize the present situation: value for the Polish nation, as well as a again they will become one of the great First. Poland always was and today number of valuable, just, and sound nations of the world. still remains an essentially western coun decisions. Mr. MACHROWICZ. Mr. Speaker, I try, a Christian land whose culture, civ The greatness of the May 3, 1791, con yield such time as he may desire to ilization, and attitude were as western stitution consisted in the fact that it the distinguished minority leader, the in its orientation as those of France, eliminated fundamental weaknesses of ·Italy, Spain, and other western European the Polish parliamentary and social sys gentleman from Massachusetts [Mr. tem, and that is also the reason why this MARTIN]. countries. Second. At the present time, while day marks both the crowning act of re Mr. MARTIN of Massachusetts. Mr. generation of the spirit of the Polish na Speaker, this is a memorable date in Poland is subjugated under Communist regime whose Soviet masters are in Mos tion in the second half of the eighteenth the minds and the hearts of the people century and, also, a testament of the of Poland and people of Polish ancestry cow, Poland's centuries-old ties with the western culture and with the Christian progressive and evolutionary methods everywhere in the world. This is the with which the Poles entered political one hundredth and sixtieth anniversary world have been cut off, against the Na life after the temporary downfall of of the adoption of the Polish Constitu tion's will, against its history and tra their own state. tion-the charter of liberty for the peo dition, and against its best interest. In the very forefront of lasting con ple of Poland. Poland's Constitution of May 3, 1791, tributions of this constitution we must That great nation has been the victim was the best expression of Poland's west place the principle of the sovereignty of of much bitter suffering and humilia ern way of thinking, Poland's strong in the people in the state, which sovereignty tion since Constitution Day in 1791. tellectual and ideologicai ties with the was also made the primary postulate of 4828 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MAY 3 the first constitution of the restored Po tion, celebrate their national holiday. oners in murderous concentration camps land, passed on March 17, 1921. In the In observing this day, we are joining of ~ny nation in th~t conflict. 1791 constitution this principle was for Poles all over the world-in establishing Poland carried through and fought on mulated in the words: spiritual contact with the only country and was deserving of the highest reward All power in civil society should be derived where no celebrations of this national for the victory, but today Poland is not from the will of the people, its end and object Polish holiday . are allowed-namely, in free. She is governed. by a communistic being the preservation and integrity of the liberated Poland. regime forced upon her by Soviet Russia. state, the civil liberty, and the good order of Russia and Germany--or Prussia as it The Polish people are not Communists. society, on an equal scale, and on a lasting was then called-prevented Poland from They believe in free enterprise and foundation. Three distinct powers shall gaining strength under the new consti freedom of religion. They are a Chris compose the Government of the Polish na tion, according to the present constitution, tution and with the ·assistance of the tian people. The Polish people have de viz: then existing Austrian monarchy pro fended Christianity for centuries and 1. Legislative power in the states as ceeded to perpetrate· the worst crime of will continue to do so until the last ves sembled. the nineteenth century, the occupation tige of atheistic communism is driven 2. Executive power in the King and council and dismemberment of Poland. from their ~ountry. of inspection. The same crime was perpetrated by Poland has a right ·to demand the 3. Judicial power in jurisdiction existing, the same partners-minus Austria, of restoration of her eastern boundaries as or to be established. course-in 1939. And once more, the they were in 1939 and her western To any western European, who had same crime was perpetrated by the only boundaries permanently fixed on the been reared in the French ideas, or even remaining member of the international Oder-Niesse line. This is territory from more in the age-old parliamentarianism criminal gang-Russia, under ~talin this which she has been robbed and it must of Britain, or in the principles which time as in 1939-after the last war in be returned. have been natural to the United States 1945. The Russian betr"ayal, as it allowed ' from their very beginning, this principle It seems improper to sound facetious in the Nazi overlords to slaughter the is almost a truism, and something nat discussing problems of such gravity, Polish people, will be recorded as his ural in itself. But in Eastern and Cen magnitude and purport, as the problem tory's most barbarous duplicity and . tral Europe it cuts off the Poles and the of Poland. But, one cannot help but feel treachery. Polish political tradition completely a little encouraged when Qne realizes The discovery of the graves of over · from both the Germans and the Rus that there is only one member of the in 5,000 Polish officers near Katyn on April sians, who have been reared throughout ternational predatory group left-Soviet 12, 1943, reveals a new low in interna the centuries in the principle of state, Russia. tional banditry, the like of which has and not national sovereignty. Our President, speaking on behalf of never been surpassed in world history. The philosophy of government dis the United States, has stated tha~ Over a year and a half ago I called upon cernable throughout this Polish Consti Our country would not recognize any gov the · State Department, International tution would lead one to believe that the ernment imposed on any nation by the Red Cross, and also in a speech on the American people and the Polish people forces of any foreign power. floor of Congress, demanded that a spe had each drawn inspiration for their re This looking toward a resurrection of a cial investigation be instituted in order spective constitutions from the same free Poland will find heart in the pledge to secure concrete and direct evidence to source. of the American people. officially determine the responsibility for Throughout the May 3· constitution Mr. MACHROWICZ. Mr. Speaker, I the massacre at Katyn. In response to runs a philosophy of humanitarianism yield to the gentleman from Indiana. this, both of these departments assured and tolerance, such as- Mr. MADDEN. Mr. Speaker, today, me that every effort would be made to We publish and proclaim a perfect and en May 3, is the one hundred and sixtieth directly place the responsibility for this tire liberty to all people, either who may be anniversary of the Polish National Con violation of international law regarding newly coming to settle, or those who, having captive soldiers. emigrated, would return to their native stitution. · country; and we declare most solemnly, that Every loyal son of Poland, whether in I am recalling these facts because it any person coming into Poland, from what the motherland or living beyond its bor is our duty to keep alive in the minds of ever part of the world or returning from ders, celebrates this anniversary with pa free nations everywhere the type of abroad, as soon as he sets his foot on the triotic pride. · Every loyal friend of tlle criminal intellect which predominates territory of the .republic, becomes free and at brave and freedom-loving Polish people the brain of the present rulers of the liberty to exercise his industry, wherever and joints in commemorating this day with communistic Soviet regime. It. is evi in whatever manner he pleases, to settle dent now that the democratic and free either in towns or villages, to form, and rent the hope that the time is not too far lands and houses, on tenures and contracts, distant when Poland will again become p.ations of the world must marshal .all for as long a term as may be agreed on; with a free and independent nation. their forces to stamp out the spread of liberty to remain, or to remove, after having · Poland, back through the years, has· dictatorial aggression and not repeat the fulfilled the obligations he may have volun always fought for liberty and freedom· mistakes that were made after World tarily entered into. whenever its domain has been encroached War I when the isolationists got control We find in this Polish Constitution, upon by powerful aggressor nations. In· of our Government and repudiated adopted almost contemporaneously the recent war Poland was the first na Woodrow Wilson's .League of Nations. with our own Federal Constitution, rule tion to take a stand, not only against Had America, the greatest Nation of the by majority, secret ballot at public elec the Panzer divisions of the Nazis but alsO' world, accepted its responsibilities 30 tions, and the language relating to reli-· against the vicious onslaught of the So years ago, aggression by dictators could gion that- viet tyrant. Poland did not submit have been st opped and World War II would have been avoided. The same holy religion commands u·s to meekly agains terrific odds as did other love our neighbors, we, therefore, owe to all nations at the beginning of World War· We must now rally behind the United people Of Whatever persuasion, peace in mat II. As we look back upon the beginning Nations, and it is my earnest hope and ters of faith, and the protection of govern of Hitler's aggression, we remember how "belief that the steps that we have taken ment; consequently, we assure, to all persua Hitler conquered country after country in Korea to stop aggression, will be the sions a:id religions, freedom and liberty, ac and the world looked with hope that his beginning of the age-C'ld effort to suc cording to the laws of the country, and in. onslaught would be hampered and de cessfully outlaw war. No international all dominions nf 1he republic. layed. The world will never forget the organization similar '~ <' the s'.ifength and Thus, it was on May 3, ip. 1791, barely valiant and brave defense of Warsaw in power of the United Nations has ever 2 years after the adoption of its Consti September of 1939 by the herolc stand been tried in world history before. Let tution by the United States in 1789, that of the Polish Army. The heroic Polish us hope that we have founj a .solution. Poland without a bloody revolution or people from the beginning of the war. We must f·onow through. If we do, even without a disorder succeeded in re battled the invader not only within 'their Stalin will either be crushed from with forming her public life. own borders but also on every other battle out or overthrown by his own subjects That is why Poles everywhere since front in Europe until the enemy sur from within. The gallant Polish nation, that year on May 3, on the annive:rsary rendered. Poland's loss, per capita, w.:.. s which has fought so many defensive wars of the adoption of this liberal constitu- the greatest in human life and with pris- in times past, v1 UJ again achieve the in- 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-lIOUSE 4829 dependence, the liberty and the peace to It has been said that the true measure July have a counterpart in every coun which she is entitled. Until Russia· of a people's greatness is in its fidelity try. proves by her actions that she is willing to its native ideals. If this be true, then To the Poles there is one date which tc;> cooperate instead of dominate, the the Polish people are without peer, for for over a century and a half retains United Nations must be ready and on the record they have achieved in resist the highest, the most honored place guard for any surprise attack. ing the forces of oppression and tyran and is cherished by the en~ire Polish The time has now come when every ny in the face of almost insurmountable element throughout the world with un nation in the world which intends to sur odds stands as a splendid example to paralleled fervor. It is the 3d of May, vive, must know that it cannot make people of all races and all creeds. when they commemorate the adoption agreements with other nations and dis Through the centuries, Poland has had of the constitution by the Common card them. High on the priority list of her great leaders-her Pulaski, her wealth of Poland in 1791, which took wrongs to be undone, is to require that Sobieski and her Kosciusko-men of place amid general national rejoicing Russia withdraw all of her military and extraordinary courage, character, and and patriotic enthusiasm. May I quote civilian forces from Poland and permit capabilities. Yet all the great men of at this time a part of that constitution: that heroic nation to breathe freely Poland, no matter how varied their Every person, upon coming to this repub again. The same yardstick applies to spheres of infiuence or how .different their lic from whatsoever parts of the world or other nations under the whiplash of fields of endeavor, have inherited several one returning to this, the country of his tyranny. The democratic nations want things in common which gave them their origin, as soon as his foot touches the Polish ed peace too much when the war was reason for being-their love of God and soil, he is entirely free to indulge in what raging with Japan. That was before the their religion, their love of country, and soever enterpi1se he wishes to enter, in the atom bomb appeared on the scene. Un their burning desire for its eventual lib manner and place of his own choice; that person is free to enter into contact for pur fortunate concessions were made to Rus- · eration. chase of property, for work, for rent in what sia for her help in the Japanese war . The heroic stand of Poland in 1939 in ever manner and for whatever time he him theater. the face of aggression by superior force self agrees upon; he is at liberty to settle The mistakes made at Yalta 6 years was an example of courage unparalleled in the city or in the village; he is free to ago today in yieldipg to the Russians in history. When Poland offered the live in Poland or to return to whatever coun must be corrected and rectified. At that first resistance to the overwhelming try he himself chooses after his commit time, our military leaders underestimat strength of Hitler and the Nazi war ma ments in Poland which he voluntarily em ed our strength. We did not know then chine, she inspired the freedom-loving braced, are duly performed and completed. that the atom bomb was soon to knock nations of the world and brought home This constitution of May 3 abolished Japan into surrender. Yalta and Tehran to them the first realization of the Axis restrictions upon the freedom of the in and the results of the mistakes incident threat-to civilization. Had Poland com dividual and gave the Polish nation a to those conclaves, will be a threat to promised instead of resisting aggression, c'i.emocratic form of government. How world peace until the day comes when the whole course of history might have ever, due to the aggressiveness of its the Soviet aggressor retreats behind-its been changed. neighbors, the Polish nation was allowed own border. Russia has broken its Poland's contribution to the success by a short time in which to enjoy the promises-agreements made at Yalta - of the-a-llied nations during World War blessings of its democratic rule. The and Tehran should be thrown in the II and the fight of her people to preserve three powerful neighbors of Poland wastebasket. Western civilization as they had on sev Russia, Germany and Austria-were dis Where slavery by a dictator exists as eral previous occasions make it incum satisfied with the reforms introduced in it does in Poland, or any other nation bent upon us to keep faith with the Poland by this constitution. They con who wishes to be free, it stands as a Polish people now at a time when her nived among themselves, and partition threat to freedom everywhere. The long-cherished freedom is once again in ing Poland, put an end to the freedom communistic dictatorship will be even chains. and democracy of the Polish nation. It tually overthrown in Russia and it is our We must continue our efforts to restore was not until much later, that, thanks earnest hope that this will come about Poland to her prewar glory. We are to the efforts of one of our presidents, from a revolution within. Whether morally obligated to render all possible Woodrow Wilson, it regained its free from within or from outside force, Soviet - assistance to Poland in her underground dom and independence. dictatorship of democratic countries struggle to break the chains of Russian With almost 1,000 years of national cannot continue. Our sacrifices to pro communism by which she is now sur existence, Poland ranks among the old tect freedom throughout the world are rounded and which threaten to engulf est European nations. Varied was her costly, but necessary. all of Europe. fortune through the centuries. There A free and independent Poland will If we of the United Nations go forward was a time when she constituted one of rise again so that Polish Constitution in the spirit of the brave people of Po the major powers of Europe, when day, May 3, can continue to be a reality. land, who are resisting by every possible princes and monarchs sought her favor .Mr. MACHROWICZ. Mr. Speaker, I _means the domination of Communist and aid; but at no time has she sought yield such time as he may desire to the Russia and her satellites, it is my con her neighbors' possessions," or sinned by gentleman from Massachusetts [Mr. viction that we can build a world where invading and terrorizing their lands. If FURCOLO]. intolerance and aggression are only bit she grew territorially, it was not through Mr. FUR C 0 L 0. Mr. Speaker, ter memories of the past and where the conquest, but as a result of concord with throughout the world today, all Poles and ideals of liberty and justice are adhered the adjoining countries who freely de all persons of Polish extraction together to by all nations of the world. - · sired a permanent union with her. For with all freedom-loving people pause to Mr. MACHROWICZ. Mr. Speaker, I through alliance with Poland they found commemorate the Polish Fourth of yield to the gentleman from Illinois, [Mr. the realization of the freedom and per July. One hundred and sixty years GORDON]. sonal liberties which no other country ago today, the Polish Constitution was Mr. GORDON. Mr. Speaker, today i.; offered. adopted, a very definite step toward the one hundred and sixtieth anniver The Poles have a deep, natural love of the recognition of the basic right of all sary of a great historical event that took freedom; it is something so vital in their people to a free and democratic way of place in Poland by the adoption: of the • soul tnat they fight and die for it wher life. Polish Constitution on May 3, 1791, less .. ever it is attacked, or where it is to be The history of the Polish people is a than 3 years after the ratification of the gained or ransomed at the cost of wounds glorious one-it is a record of valor un Constitution of the United States. and blood. Upon the pages of American surpassed, of courage without fear, of The lifetime of every nation is mark.. history their names are honorably re honor without blemish. And so it is ed by certain momentous events. From corded for their contribution to the in fitting today that we recall Poland's mag generation to generation significant an.. dependence of this country. Kosciusko nificent heritage, ever present through niversaries are observed for the great and Pulaski serve not only as a classic the years, that we recall that spirit of infiuence wrought upon the course of evidence, but shall forever remain re Poland which never yielded its devotion history and human relations. The Bas vered national heroes of Poland and the to .an ideal. tille, the Magna Carta, the Fourth of United States. 4830 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MAY 3 Confronted with tremendously adverse On this day, the third of May, the overthrew the European equilibrium and in and crucial conditions of the present day, hearts and minds of the American people troduced the victory of violence and the the Polish Nation looks expectantly to are as one with the Polish nation, linked principle: Might is right. the magnanimity and democracy of the by indissoluble bonds of friendship with Throughout the nineteenth century United States for assistance in dispelling the United States. For the principles of the Polish Nation never lost hope of re the yoke of aggression enforced upon the 3d of May constitution are in line gaining independence. During the her by outside influences, so that she with the ideals on which the American Napoleonic era, General Dabrowski may restore independence and take her Nation bases its existence and the real formed Polish legions to fight on the side place among the free nations of the ization which America desires for all the of France in Italy. It was then that the world. people of the world. song Poland Is Not Yet Lost was com It is, therefore, just and reasonable to So on this day, the one hundred and posed, later to become the national an assure the people of Poland on the day sixtieth anniversary of the constitution them of reborn Poland. Napoleon in of their national holiday that the United of the 3d of May of Poland, let us give tended to reestablish the Polish State States shall not fail to extend them o\lr Polish friends our most sincere as and created its nucleus, the Dutchy of friendly suppart IlOr relax in vigilance surance of our moral support; to cheer Warsaw. After Napoleon's fall the Con over the execution of justice. Our great them; to encourage them in their con gress of Vienna in 1815 assigned the and prosperous republic bears proudly tinued fight for freedom in the full sense major part of Poland to Russia. But the the banner of humane policies. It has of the word. Long live Poland. Tsar exercised such tyranny that the drawn universal respect as a decided Mr. MACHROWICZ. Mr. Speaker, I Polish Nation rose in 1830 to free itself enemy of injustice and ensla~ement. It yield to the gentleman from New Jersey from Russian bondage. The insurrec will not, it cannot, add disappointment to [Mr. SIEMINSKI]. tion was suppressed after a year's war the present fate of Poland. Mr. SIEMINSKI. Mr. Speaker, today and the last shadow of freedom was It is impossible today to recall the we are commemorating the one hundred taken away from Poland. Constitution of May 3 without compar and sixtieth anniversary of the birth of In 1863 the Poles rose again. A secret ing the events of the eighteenth century an idea-the idea of modern government · revolutionary government was formed in with what has taken place in Poland. based on democratic principles. Warsaw with Romuald Traugutt at its After years of unfortunate appease In the eighteenth century Poland, ex head. But the insurrection was even ment of Germany, during the dark days tending .from the Baltic; almost to the tually suppressed with great difficulty; , of September 1939, it was the Polish Na Black Sea, was ::;till a large country, the tens of thousands of Poles were executed, tion which first took up arms against the third in size among European states. Traugutt and others were seized and de evil forces of violence and aggression. But she was growing weaker internally, ported to Siberia. Henceforth Poland The events of war developed in such a. owing to the exhausting war fought in was treated with the utmost ruthless way that many of us subconsciously for the seventeenth century and the lack of ness, no efforts being. spared to Russ if y get the part that Poland played in World a strong executive. In 1764 Catherine II the Polish Nation. War II. We forget the ideals and the of Russia imposed on the electors her POLAND, TOO, HAD ITS KOREA principles, which Poland rose to defend, own candidate, Stanislaus Poniatowski, and which are being fought for today by One could. list the events in Poland who was the last king of Poland. He from 1863 through the present time, in almost the entire world. We forget that was entirely under the influence of Rus- ' the chief slogan at the outbreak of war cluding World War I and World War II. sia, who did all she could to maintain Sufiice it to say that, like the people of was the struggle for individual freedom, chaos in the country, An attempt at the defense of the weaker against the Korea, the people of Poland have been resistance was made and a military split by artificial means which were not stronger, the struggle for justice above league, the Confederation of Bar, to evil. · successful. The thirty-eighth parallel drive out the Russian troops from Po in Korea is a travesty on the dignity of a In the opening days of World War II, land, was formed under the leadership President ·Roosevelt called Poland an in courageous people. Let us hope that of Casimir Pulaski, who later became one on this day, we have seen the last of par spiration to all nations, because Poland of the heroes of the American Revolu alone dared defy the Germans in their allels, Curzon lines, and so forth and that_ tion. The Confederation broke, and in one day, even Ireland may be undivided. ruthless challenge of those freedoms and 1772 the first partition of Poland took democratic liberties championed by Covenants may separate people, but the place. Prussia annexed Pomorze, that heartbeat in every man, woman, and Poland. is the Baltic coast, Russia, the eastern It was but a short-lived appellation. child. makes mockery of covenants not provinces, and Austria, the southeastern founded on the right of a people to . be Poland, that inspiration to all nations, parts. was ignominiously sold down the Soviet governed by their consent. Deeply shaken by this disaster, the Poland is not yet lost, and in our life river and today it is languishing in the Polish people started stupendous inter throes of Russian forced slavery. time, I pray that _she will again know nal reforms. The first Ministry of Pub freedom, in the true spirit of Woodrow Today Poland's sons, scattered lic Education in the world was created through the various parts of the globe, in Poland in 1773, the treasury and army Wilson, her benefactor. dare not place their foot upon Polish were reorganized, and a new constitu Mr. MACHROWICZ. - Mr. Speaker, I soil for fear of unjust reprisals, un tion was voted on May 3, 1791. That day yield to the gentleman from New York certain of their property and life in the ,, has since been the Polish national holi [Mr. .ANFUSO] • land of their origin because Poland's day. The constitution of May 3 estab Mr. ANFUSO. Mr. Speaker, millions political life is dominated by secret police lished the foundations of modern gov of Poles all over the world celebrate and puppet agents of Soviet Russia who ernment on democratic principles. At today the one hundred and sixtieth an control its political life. that time only England, France, and Po niversary of the adoption of the May 3 The third of May has ceased to be an land had a liberal constitution in· Europe, constitution of 1791. This historic docu official Polish national holiday in Poland all the other countries being ruled by ment was adopted by the freedom-loving by decree of the present regime in Po despotic regimes. The autocrats of people of Poland on May 3, 1791, less land. But the third of May remains a Russia and Prussia ca~.led the demo than 3 years after the ratification of the Polish national holiday in the hearts of cratic Polish constitution anarchy and Constitution of the United States. The all true Poland, and in all centers in the annexed further provinces of Poland in first written democratic constitution to United States where Poles or Americans 1793. Thereupon General Kosciusko is-· be adopted by a European nation, it re of Polish extraction live. In numerous sued a proclamation. calling the Polish sembles our own Constitution in many Polish national homes, the Polish :flag · nation to a:-ms. After a few initial vic respects. It recognized the fundamental h~mgs proudly on this day, side by side tories Kosciusko was defeated and Po principle of democracy that "all power with the American Stars and Stripes. land lost her f reedoin in 1795. in civil society is derived from the will Thousands of people listen attentively to of the people." It guaranteed freedom the voices of the past. They hope that The partition of Poland- of religion. It adopted the principle of there will again be a Poland which in the Says Lord Eversly, the English his- · division of authority among the execu spirit of the constitution of May 3 will torian- tive, legislative, and judicial branches. be independent once more and free from although remote and indirect, was the essen-. The Polish people are proud of their foreign invaders. tial cause of the World War• . The partition constitution. It is an immortal testa- 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-. HOUSE 4831 ment to the political genius of a people now continue in the noble tradition of insurrections which failed. Even though who during the past 150 years have the cross held high by the White Eagle all of their uprisings were unsuccessful, enjoyed only two decades of national over Poland's martyred soil, I am going to and many Poles lost their lives, the freedom. change Dante's inscription over the en cause of freedom ·.vas never lost. The ~ The Polish Constitution is to the Polish trance to the Inferno which reads: "Las May 3 constitution served as a beacon people their charter of liberty and is ciate ogni speranza voi ch'entrate" of political freedom and democratic comparable to the Magna Carta for the Abandon all hope you who enter here. government. English and the Declaration of Inde To the Poles in Poland and all over the From the role of living in bondage, pendence for our own beloved America. world I say: "Have hope you ·who now the people of Poland were restored as-a It is fitting and proper that the Congress suffer and fight. Have hope that Poland republic in 1918. The dreams of Polish of the United States should set aside a will be freed to be a Christian, free, inde patriots for 127 years were realized. The portion of its deliberations on this, the pendent and happy land in a new peace new government was set up, with a few great national feast day of the people of ful world. If there is no hope for you, technical changes, along the lines of the Poland, and pay tribute to the anniver- then there is no hope for the world." constitution of May 3, 1791. Once , . sary of the adoption of the Polish Con Mr. MACHROWICZ. Mr. Speaker, I again Poland flourished as an independ , stitution. The people of America have yield such time as he may desire · to the e:it nation. Her people enjoyed the priv ever been grateful for the services ren gentleman from Connecticut [Mr. SAD ilege of democratic living. However, the , dered during the dark days of the Revo LAKJ. happy, glowing picture of a free and lution by the brave Polish patriot, Gen. Mr. SADLAK. Mr. Speaker, today is independent Poland was blotted out by Casimir Pulaski, the father of American the one hundred and sixtieth anniversary World War II. First, Germany invaded ·cavalry, who gave his life for the cause of the May 3 Polish Constitution Day. Poland and enslaved its people. Then of freedom while leading his troops into To all Poles this day has the celebrated the Russians took over and made a action during the Battle of Savannah. meaning of our American Fourth of July. mockery of freedom and all the prin Count Pulaski was a tried and trusted Because Poland's history goes back ciples set forth in the May 3 constitu friend of our own immortal George more than 1,000 years-a history filled tion. Washington, as was Gen. Thaddeus with glory and sacrifice, one asks why During this second world conflict, the Kosciusko, who likewise served under have the Poles added such great signifi Poles, inspired by the ideals of freed om ·Washington. cance to May 3, 1791? The reasons are and love of liberty. fought bravely on f.. · Today the casualty lists from Korea many. The signing of the constitution all battle fronts-in Africa, England, are full of Polish names of our brave on this day meant the end of the nobility, France, Italy. They fought at Narvik, 'soldiers of Polish descent whose magnif which at the time was the ruling class on the Maginot Line, and at Monte Cas ! icent record of patriotism and sacrifice of Poland. It meant that the oppressed sino. Millions of Poles gave their lives ·does honor to our country, as well as to masses of people were emancipated. so that other people in the world might 1 the memory of their gallant ancestors, This document meant that Poland was to be free. They fought not only in de !like Pulaski, Kosciusko, Karge, Krzya- have a constitution modeled after our fense of their own freedom, but also in nowski, and others, who fought and died own Constitution, which was adopted the defense of the threatened freedom ' for America's noble ideals. only 2 years earlier, and provided for of the whole world. The western de Many thousands of my constituents three separate and equal branches of mocracies assured the Polish nation re are of Polish descent. I have known and government-executive, legislative, and peatedly that its great sacrifices will I. admired them for many years. I have judicial. It meant that the Polish Diet not be in vain, and it will regain inde I shared their sorrow when Poland was equivalent to our Congress-was to con pendence and freedom. The Polish na ; partitioned by Hitler and Stalin, and I sist of two chambers: First, the Chamber tion believed in these assurances. I sympathize witr.. them with all my heart, of Deputies; and, second, the Chamber Unfortunately, the victorious end of i knowing how their families and friends of Senators, with the King at its head as World War II did not bring the richly ' now suffer under the Red yoke. presiding authority. To the Poles it deserved and longed-for freedom and j What I desire to say was well ex meant the guaranty of religious tolera independence to the Polish nation. pressed many years ago by George tion; rule by the majority of citizens; Surely, freedom and independence were Brandes, who said: secret ballots at public elections; per- . earned by the Poles for fulfilling a duty I Old Field Marshal Moltke one day said sonal security. Poland was no longer to beyond glory. The sacrifices borne by . , that, in a book he had read. about Poland, be a government of a f.ew, but a govern Poland, as our ally, were not surpassed . he had been most pleased by this sentence: ment of the people, by the people, and by any nation, yet she was denied her ~ "We do not love Poland as· we love Germany for the :people. rightful place among the peoples of the or France or England, but as we love free This was the substance of the consti world. dom"; a very curious remark from the lips tution which was approved on May 3, For this, the western democracies must of one whom one would not suspect of loving 1791, by the Polish Diet and Stanislaus freedom overmuch. bear the responsibility-since the prom i We love Poland as we love freedom. For August Poniatowski, Poland's last King. ises given to Poland have not been kept. what is it to love Poland but to love free It was accepted by all Poles as a symbol Regretfully, I must confess that the pres dom, to have a deep sympathy with misfor of democracy and liberty. This docu ent administration has been a party to tune, and to admire courage and enthusi ment became a guide for Poland's future. the betrayal of Poland at Yalta and asm? Poland is a symbol-a symbol of all Progressive thinkers throughout Eu Tehran. It agreed to turn Poland over that the best of the human race have loved, rope hailed it as a significant step in to the Soviet sphere of interest, to Soviet and for which they have fought. In Poland establishing a modern political system. the contrasts of human life are found in bondage and complete abandonment by bold relief; here the cosmos is concentrated But the recognition of equality of all men, the western democracies. as in an essence. the proclamation of religious liberty The Polish nation under the Com Everywhere in Europe where there has promised in the constitution, were more munist regime knows full well the tyran been any fighting, the Poles have taken part than Russia, Prussia, and Austria could ny of a dictator. I shall enumerate some in it, on all battlefields, on all the barri tolerate, so these three neighboring cades. They have sometimes been mistaken countries attacked Poland with full force of the changes which have taken place in their views of the enterprises to which they on all sides. since the Politburo took over in Poland: lend their .J.rms; but they believed that they Poland fell in 1795 and was parti the introduction of the Soviet slave-labor were fighting for the good of humanity; they system for the workers; the beginning regarded themselves as the bodyguard of free tioned, but the May 3 constitution kept of the collectivization of agriculture; the dom and still look on everyone that fights the spark of spirit and hope alive in placing at the head of the regime, and for f~eedom as a brother. ' the Polish people. The constitution the army, well known and experienced Poland, in the historical development of brought moral victory for millions of relat ions, has become synonymous with our Poles who became infused with a new international Communist agents; the hope or our illusion as to the advance of our patriotism and love of liberty. For 127 speeding up of the Communist indoc age in culture. Its future coincides with years, the Polish people thought, trination of the youth; the open fight · the future of civilization. planned, and plotted for their national against the church; the complete eco In paying tribute to those sons and independence. Their struggle for inde nomic dependence on the state. daughters of Poland who died for free pendence never ceased. The Poles tried Such is the reward of a once proud dom and Christianit!" and those who to free themselves many times through nation which was the fir .-st to take up 4832 CONGRESSIONAL: RECORD-HQUSE MAY 3. arms in the cause of freedom and inde and that night lights burned in all the tries in Eur.ope to have a parliament and pendence. Surely. we cannot abandon houses as the capital city celebrated the a bill of. rights. True, we do not find in the hopes and aspirations of a freedom beginning of its newly won freedoms. Poland a long-established democratic loving nation. The present sad plight of Unlike surrounding countries, the Poles tradition in the modern western sense• . the Polish people can be traced back to achieved these rights by peaceful .means. But this is not due to a lack of democratic the mistakes made by this administra without the necessity of revolting against tendencies among the people as expressed tion when, at Yalta and Tehran, the despotic rulers. The Polish people may in their institutions. On the contrary, Western Powers left Poland to the fate of well be proud of the fact that their Jib ... in the sixteenth century, Poland already Russian domination. Russia, with im erty was an inherited tradition, the nat had a National Diet which controlled the punity, violated all her obligations to ural evolution of centuries of self-respect King's power and regarded the unanimity ward Poland, and now ruling over Poland and regard for the rights of others. principle as the cornerstone of civil liber indivisibly, prepares Poles as cannon fod .Poland's enjoyment of its constitu.. ties. .Every delegate had the "liberum der for the armed clash with western tion was tragically short-lived since veto" which enabled him to stop the democracies in its endeavors to force after 2 years the armies of foreign con .. whole legal procedure in much the same communism throughout the entire world. querors engulfed it. At one fell swoop, way as in the Continental Congress of In the name of justice, is it not time for Poland lost its independence, constitu the 13 American colonies. There was us to rectify the wrongs of Yalta and tion, civil order, and justice which had not too little democratic spirit in Poland, Tehran by invalidating these pacts of been carefully cultivated and preserved rather too much of it. Polish individual appeasement? during four centuries of :Progress. ism often endangered the interests of We must be ever mindful, especially But the will to resist was not lost, and the whole country. It led, unfortunately, on this anniversary, of the promises of through the intervening years of war to the division of the country by its . our allies concerning the Polish nation, and slavery, with only brief intervals of powerful neighbors. At the time when which are, to guarantee a free, strong, peace and independence, the hope of in North America as well as in Western and independent Poland. In formulating eventual liberation and self-determina.. Europe democratic tendencies were being our policies to eradicate communism, we tion has sustained the Polish nation in legally consolidated and organized, Po cannot forget this unfortunate nation their fierce resistance to enslavement or land slipped .from the main stream of which is jailed behind the iron curtain. resignation to that dire plight. . political deyelopment. The Polish people are not without The history of Poland holds for all For 150 years, Poland ceased to exist hope. They are Poles, cheerful, hopeful, freedom-loving peoples a profound as an independent nation. Russia, Gei,- idealistic as their forefathers have been, moral lesson. Poland's is the tragedy. many, and Austria tried vainly to de imbued with patriotism and a deep ove of a rich, fertile country, surrounded by Polandize the provinces where it had of freedom. They are mindful of the voracious, powerful neighbors, from stood. After the first partition, in spite spirit of their constitution of May 3. whom they are protected by no natural of the threatening neighbors, the Polish Today, the torch of freedom is burning barriers. Diet worked for 4 years, without a break, in the hearts of every Pole and with our In this country, we occasionally tend on the project of a constitution which help and God's blessings they will not to think that our freedom and our pres .. was ratified on May 3, 1791. This was rest until the day of emancipation is at ent national strength are exclusively the the foundation on which the hope of hand. Deliverance of Poland from the result of our own unique virtues. Noth freedom and further democratic devel .. communistic yoke will once again give ing could be further from the truth. Our opment continued to rest during the the Polish t>eople an opportunity to live infant democracy came to maturity in a dark decades of national oblivion. in a land of freedom and independence country with almost unlimited natural It proved to be a hope that even the as was the intention of the signers of resources anl wealth, surrounded and ruthless methods of suppression of the Poland's historic constitution which was protected from hostile countries by thou Germans and Russians failed to extin adopted 160 years ago today. sands of miles of ocean over which no guish. Polish patriots fled to Western Mr. MACHROWICZ. Mr. Speaker, I trespasser could attack. So we do well Europe and to the United States. They: yield to the gentleman from New York to remember that the desire for liberty fought for American, Greek, Italian in [Mr. KEATING]. is not enough. Independence without dependence, hoping that by serving the Mr. KEATING. Mr. Speaker, I am the means to defend it is a hollow pos general cause of human freedom, they very happy and proud to follow in these session on this earth today. would eventually help their own country exercises my distinguished friend from With each passing day, the obstacles of to resume its place among the free na .. Connecticut [Mr. SADLAK] who has just space and weather are being overcome tions. spoken to us so eloquently. I came to by human resourcefulness, a~d with this Polish civilization and way of life, Congress with Mr. SADLAK and I know progress, our natural defenses lose their though Slavic, has always had its strong how close to his heart have · been the effectiveness. We can only hope, as we . and inalienable ties with the West. The matters of which he has. spoken today review the inspiring history of Poland Polish people for example, still cling to and how diligently he has pursued them. under the most bleak and terrible their Roman Catholic faith despite all Each year we celebrate our Fourth of ordeals, that should we ever be reduced efforts to destroy it. July with parades, firecrackers, and po to similar circumstances, we would strive Today in Poland, a new, wholesale litical speeche~ at picnics. Because we with equal heroism and determination effort at Russianization is being made are a free people, united under one flag, for our Nation's eventual freedom and all the more ruthless, since :Poland is we show our exuberant rejoicing in any independence as this small nation has now cut off from the Western World. fashion we please . .But today the Polish done. But the people who, between two parti people can only sit by their hearths and Mr. MACHROWICZ. Mr. Speaker, I tions of their country were able to work silently. recall the days when they too yield to the gentle::nan from New Jersey for 4 years on a constitution that estab were free and independent and united,. [Mr. RODINO]. lished the basis for further democratic not menaced by the constant threat of Mr. RODINO. Mr. Speaker, we in the . evolution in Poland, will not yield to ter a knock on the door at midnight. United States often think of Eastern rorism. The Poles have often been dis .. Just as the signing of the Declaration Europe as a part of the. world having illusioned in their hopes. Nevertheless, of Independence signifies to us the be little in common with the-West; an area they still look to the west, and especially ginning of our determination as a united where the population is accustomed to to the United States for inspirati on~ people to be free from tyranny and for· despotism and neither knows nor cares Here, they see achieved their ideal of eign rule, so the Polish Constitution for anything else. independence. If we do not break faith Day, May 3, has the same deep meaning This view may or may not be true for with that nation whose sons ·have con for all people of Polish origin, whether some countries in the East. It is cer tributed so much to our own country, at home or abroad. 'tainly not true for Poland. Whereas their hope for a rebirth of freedom will In 1791, 160 years ago, the Polish king Russia looks back on a thousand years one day be ·realized. Stanislaus Augustus II presented to the of despotic regimes, one after another, Mr. MACHROWICZ. Mr. Speaker, I Diet this precious document, setting and the German-Austrian Empire yield to the gentleman from Maryland forth widespread reforms and granting evolved a very elaborate system of ab [Mr. GARMATZ]. greater individual liberty for all his solutism, Poland, between these two pow Mr. GARMATZ. Mr. Speaker, the people. It was adopted by acclamation, erful neighbors, was one of the first coun- Polish leaders, inspired by our war for 1951 CONGRESSIONAL ·· RECORD-HOUSE 4833· independence and the rights and privi-- around the globe -a Christian nation was Befor-e Poland was partitioned in the leges granted to our people under our · being murdered by its greedy neighbors. end of the eighteenth century the Tsarist constitution, promoted a new constitu ·In the course of three consecutive autocratic Russia true to its deep-rooted tion for the Polish people, under which partitions of 1772, 1793, and 1795 the centuries-long tradition of subversion, they obtained the rights they are now Royal Republic of Poland was first over spying, and conquest from within was being denied. Their constitution was run and then completely dismembered buying with favors and gold influential one of the most liberal and democratic and deprived of its independence for 123 personalities, particularly among Polish documents of its day. years. aristocracy and a few bankrupt, ambi Today, as we again commemorate the · Americans question why do we think tious, or irascible individuals among the anniversary of the adoption of the and talk of these far-off events today? gentry, to put their personal freedoms to Polish Constitution, we are forced to ad Why do we in the United States of work.for the benefit of Russian despots . mit that little progress has been made America oommemorate the Polish Third and against the very existence of Poland toward helping Poland and the other en of May 1791 Constitution? While in the as an in1ependent state. slaved nations, to throw off the yoke of course of history many nations had . One is stricken today with amazement their oppressors. lived, flourished and then were crushed upon finding how little actual military The Polish people have been among by their stronger neighbors, it seems to power was used by Russia in the· ccnquest the most ardent and courageous fighters me that today more than ever we have of the eighteenth century Poland and for the rights granted to them under not only to pause for a short while but how much effort, skir, and energy was the constitution. Their history is re we should ponder and seriously reflect applied PY Russia's rulers and their able . plete with stories of their heroic sacri on all the circumstances and many cases subordinates to weaken, sap, and destroy fices for their freedom and indepen preceding these fateful events. As its victim from within, before the final dence. And even today, the consecra strange and even incredible as it may blow was delivered frorr... without. tion, endurance, ingenuity and bravery seem, · some of the very factors which The whole length of the eighteenth of the Poles in the underground service, had largely contributed to Poland's fall, century not just one but all Russian des is almost unbelievable, more than one and a half centuries ago, pots, particularly Peter the Great, Peter Enemies may conquer their country, continue to exist and to cast their shad the Third, and Catherine the Second, but they can not conquer their spirit. ows not merely on the life of single na through their ambassadors in Warsaw, These unconquerable people have made tions but of the whole world including· their agents and spies, often recruited themselves the symbol of indomitable our own United States of America. among the best families of th~ nation, national will. If ever a nation, by sac · There were many reasons why, after progressively and systematically stran rifice and courage, earned the right to over 800 years of existence as one of the gled its independence, putting on the resurrection, it is Poland. pillars of liberty, law, and western civili royal throne in Warsaw their followers · By our economic and financial assist zation in Eastern Europs, Poland was the hated Saxon princes or controlling ance to the free European countries, we wiped off the map of thJ old continent. the whole reign of the last King of are helping them to rebuild their econo Her intents were like ours--to live in Poland, Stanislaus August Poniatowski. mies and to strengthen their opposition peace. Several generations of historians Having expanded in Asia beyond any to communism. By our efforts, with wrote volumes of scholar-ly books on the limits of justifiable nee1s they turned other democratic nations of the world, subject searching for and finding many toward hated and disdained Europe and to prevent the spread of communism in causes of the collapse of the Polish State, first of all against Poland as the nearest Korea, we are helping tremendously to despite its great reforms realized in the to Russia's outpost of western civiliza build up the morale of the enslaved na 3d of May constitution. tion. W.'J.en after his gallant participa tions, and the nations in danger of en Today, however, it is particularly tion in our Revolutionary War Gen. slavement by the Communists. proper and fitting to draw the attention Thaddeus Kosciusko organized in 1794, May the day soon come when the free of the public of our country to one of a truly popular uprising against Russian dom envisioned by the writers of the these causes often mentioned, though domination of Poi.and, his troops cap Polish constitution and for which the not always sufficiently emphasized by tured the files of the Czarist Embassy in people of that nation have so valiantly many historians and political thinkers. Warsaw. It was then disclosed that for fought and died, may be an established The life of the Polish Nation, ever years some 110 leadine- personalities in fact. since the beginning of the fifteenth cen the country had been on the Russian It is my fervent hope that through the tury, and particularly since its union payroll, !lot counting swarms of lesser efforts of the United Nations, it will soon with the grand duchy of Lithuania in omcials who drew from the -Embassy reg- be possible to find a way to restore to the latter part of the sixteenth century, . ular· monthly salaries. Poland and the other nations now be the whole existence of the Polish Com Over 160 years have passed since those hind the iron curtain, their freedom and monwealth was based on political and fateful years but the Russian methods on independence, so that they may again religious freedom, on national and racial the international scene have remained take their places among the democratic tolerance. For over three centuries its true to their basic form. Only the in nations of the world and enjoy the rights elected kings were not autocratic mon satiable appetite of Moscow's rulers has and privileges to which all men are en archs but rather chief executives, whose since grown ir..1mensely. At present they titled. personal rule was restricted, controlled, are out not to subjugate a weaker neigh Mr. MACHROWICZ. Mr. Speaker, I and checked by statutes of law; royal bor country, they openly declare that yield to the gentleman from Michigan privileges signed by the king elected by they would not settle for less than the [Mr. LESINSKI]. the will of the electors-the gentry whole world, and the whole human race. Mr. LESINSKI. Mr. Speaker, I arise organized in provincial dietines and the Then it was Poland, Lithuania, and Bal before this great body as an American central diet called sejm or parliament. tic shore, now it is the whole of Asia and that loves his. country and for what This gave considerable measure of per Europe, and as their final objective this stands. My main reason for arising sonal liberty to a much greater portion country of ours. At that time they were here on this 3d of May is to draw a par of the country's populaticn at that time buying Saxon kings, aristocrats and allel of what may happen in this coun than in the majority of contemporary other influential personalities; today try of ours if we are not careful. A re European nations. using the slogans of interm.. tional com view of Poland's history during the time But the very same traditions of power munism as a timelier disguse they at we were fighting for our liberty may, I based on law, of free open debate, of tack the most crucial segments of our sincerely hope, will help to bring out the equalitarian democracy and liberty were very exist~nce and of our security, that kind of a war we were fighting the last the source of Poland's weakness, they is in our foreign affairs anc our atomic few years and are fighting today. It is having been continuously exploited and secrets. not a war· of armies but a war of de abused by its expansionist neighbors, It is shuddering to think what tremen moralization. particularly by the Czarist then imperial dous results have the Kremlin masters During the crucial last quarter of the Russia and the militaristic Prussia, as achieved in these two fields since the end eighteenth century, when this great Na the always willing follower and accom of World War II: what immeasurable tion of ours was being born, when the plice of Moscow and St. Petersburg in and invaluable services did they get from very foundations were being laid for its spoliation of freedom-loving peoples of the Canadian spies, Hisses, Remingtons, future might and glory, almost half Eastern Europe. and their influential ·protectors, from 4834 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD~HOUSE MAY _3 Fuchses, Golds, Greenglasses, and Cop- people whose country was often invaded commitments which had been made and Ions of whom we know and from hordes and even obliterated from the map, but were being made with respect to Poland." of others we shall never even hear about. whose will to live as a free and inde- · Some day we in America will right the The signally Russian tradition of spy- pendent nation could never be crushed. wrongs done to Poland and she will rise ing, subversion and boring from within, The Polish desire to live a way of life again, glorious and free, and we, too, will oi sapping the enemy's security has marked by freedom of speech, religion, be able to hold our heads high, knowing achieved during these few last years the and of Government has never died. that justice has prevailed for Poland. results which must make certain heads With the first partition of Poland the Mr. MACHROWICZ. Mr. Speaker, I in the Kremlin turn with glee and satis- Polish patriots . went into exile and, yield such time as he may require to the faction. With the Communists and f el- though many of them knew they would gentleman from Wisconsin [Mr. ZA low-travelers the world over securely never again see their homeland, they did BLOCKI]. harnessed to the vehicle of the contem- not tire of working for a united Poland. Mr. ZABLOCKI. Mr. Speaker, history porary Russian imperialists, today have They told Poland's story abroad and shows us that some of the greatest accomplished now in the matter of sought help among other freedom-loving achievements of humanity were pro~ months what had taken scores of years nations to liberate Poland. duced in times of crisis and stress. and generations of spies or agents, their In 1939, when Poland was the first When challenged by fate, time and time predecessors, the Russian Czars in the country to literally die for her principles again mankind has a wakened from 18th century. of religious and personal freedom, her slumber, stood up, and answered the These, gentlemen, are the few refiec- patriots fled again and joined the Allies. challenge. At times these achievements tions which came to my mind when They fought in Western Europe, in Af did not, for the time being, repel the thinking on the present-day significance rica, and thousands of them died for impending wave of tragedy. At all of the events that took place at the time their beliefs at Monte Cassino in Italy. times, however, they remained in the when the brave people of Poland were Then ther~ is the sad story of the 10,000 minds of man, and on the pages of man sold out. The Russian communistic Polish officers who fled to the Russians kind's history, much longer than any mind today is the same as it was then, only to be brutally and wantonly mas temporary misfortune, their presence except that now it is more experienced. sacred by these butchers at Katyn Forest, enriching our heritage and their remem We shall always be at war as long as there just outside of Smolensk. brance offering an inspiring example to exists a communistic government. I also During World War II no allied coun be fallowed through years to come. want to assure the people of the world try su1Iered the horrors of war as much It was during a time of stress, when that as long as Poles live on this earth as Poland. She lost one-fifth of her the kingdom of Poland was plagued by their hopes of freedom shall never die. population, and Warsaw became the need for national unity, for government Mr. MACHROWICZ. Mr. Speaker, I most completely destroyed city in Eu al and civil reforms, and beset by yield such time as he may desire to the rope. No allied country could boast of a. greedy neighbors, that its citizens pro gentleman from New Jersey [Mr. more active or more effective under duced one of the remarkable documents CANFIELD]. ground. But Poland had. much to fight of our civilization, the constitution of Mr. CANFIELD. Mr. Speaker, today, and die for. Polish civilization, though May 3, 1791. Although this constitu May 3, is Polish Constitution Day. Year Slavic, always pointed to the west and tion did not bring into the world any after year during my incumbency I have her finest sons, poets, and patriots sought startling innovations, since the princi stood in the well of the House to take and looked for help from the western al ples on which it was based were already part in this very appropriate observance. lies. Poland's a-cceptance of Christian being put into effect in the New World ! can recall when Polish Constitution ity in the western, Roman Catholic form, ·and on the strife-torn French soil, -the Day was a happier day. opposed all attempts to convert them to peaceful manner in which it was brought I have been briefed repeatedly on the Russian orthodoxy. into existence, and ·11he manner in which plight of the Poles by my good friend Then here, in my estimation, enters it had survived to this day, were indeed from Connecticut [Mr. SADLAKl. I was the great tragedy of Poland. She looked remarkable, and set an example for the briefed on their su1Ierings during the to England and to America for salvation. world to follow. midst of the war by their great leader, And what did she receive? The betrayal One of the very unusual occurrences Stanislaw Mikolajczyk, when we broke at Yalta, where the bungled foreign pol in the history of mankind, and a factor bread under the dome of this very Capi- icy of our present administration first which we should today bear in mind, is tol. I saw Polish soldiers fighting side manifested itself when, with Alger Hiss the fact that, through the years which by side with American soldiers for lib- as one of our advisers, we divided the followed the adoption of their famous erty, overseas, during World War II. I countries of our allies, Poland and China, constitution, the people of Poland re am proud to say that I have thousands · without even consulting them. Presi mained true to the principles which it and thousands of people of Polish ex- dent Truman, at the Potsdam Confer embodied. Although their country was traction living in my congressional dis- ence, instead of ..repudiating this infa partitioned by their greedy neighbors, trict, builders of America. mous sell-out, went along with the Rus- and although they were subjected, in the What can we do to inspire the liberty- sians as he said in his report to the course of the century that followed, to loving people of Poland besides giving lip Nation: constant attempts at forceful russiftca service on this very important anni- The question or Poland was a most difficult tion, they abided by their heritage. versary? For one thing, we can demand one. Certain compromises about Poland had This is an important factor, for it the formal repudiation of the infamous already been agreed upon at the Crimea. gives us the assurance that the people Yalta agreement, which sold them down (Yalta) Conference. They obviously were of Poland, who are today again subjected the river. binding upon us at Berlin (Potsdam). to oppression, will not surrender their Mr. MACHROWICZ. Mr. Speaker, I What com·promises they were-no minds and hearts to the Communist yield such time as he may desire to the more government of their choosing; no ·· teachings but, rather, by continuing gentleman from Illinois [Mr. SHEEHAN]. more freedom of speech; no religious be- their attachment to the principles of Mr. SHEEHAN. Mr. Speaker, May 3 liefs, except to follow the materialistic their constitution, will play an impor represents a day in history when in 1791, beliefs of atheistic Russian communism. tant part in the global struggle with the shortly after the first partition of Po- What a sorry spectacle. Poland, a forces of communism. land, the Polish Diet issued a constitu- coqntry which offered herself on the Mr. Speaker, from the time of her na tion which was one of the most advanced altar of freedom, is further punished and tional conception, Poland was a part of documents of its time. Today, around deserted by an unrealistic foreign policy the Western World. Christianity, which the world, people are commemorating which has succeeded in bringing defeat had its roots in Rome, reigned in her this historical event, except in the home oU:t of victory and bringing us world lands. Respect for the dignity of man, country of Poland, now controlled by war III. parliamentary form of government, Communist Russia. So shameful was our foreign policy freedom of religion, and other human There is an old Polish saying: "Wher- that it had to be kept a secret for a long liberties, constituted an integral part of ev:r beats a Polish heart, wherever flows time from the American public. Even her historical heritage from the earliest Polish blood, there is Poland." our Ambassador to Poland, 1944-47, Mr. times. This old saying tells us much about Arthur Bliss Lane, said that he "was not For that reason, Poland today repre Poland's history of a fierce and proud '""' advised by his own Government of the sents a weak link in the chain of Com- 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 4835 munist domination. Through this link Mr. Speaker, I do not think that I need she aliiied herself with the Atlantic we will be able, when the day for it to go back into history to show that the Charter and the four freedoms. arrives, to penetrate Soviet defenses and indomitable spirit of the Polish people What did that Atlantic Charter say? start a process which will bring about will not be killed by their Communist op Let me quote three points to which those the deterioration of the Communist em pressors. The world knows how strong who signed that charter committed their pire, depriving it of its·strength. that spirit is. The world remembers respective nationals: Before that day comes, however, we how bravely the Poles fought during the 1. Their countries seek no aggrandize have a primary job on our hands-a job last war, not only on their home soil, ment, territorial or otherwise. of stopping the Communist forces from but in France, in England, and in other 2. They desire to see no territorial changes spreading their domination over any ad areas of the world where democracy that do not accord with the freely expressed ditional peoples and any additional areas fought totalitarianism on the field of wishes of the people concerned. of the world. We have been doing this battle. The Polish names on the graves 3. They respect the rights of all peoples to choose the form of government under job. We have thwarted Soviet designs on Monte Cassino, on the beaches of which they will live; and they wish to see on Greece; we have strengthened Tur Normandy, and wherever freemen sovereign rights and self-government re key and Iran; we have saved Italy and fought, tell their own tale. stored to those who have been forcibly de France from being destroyed from within The sacrifices and the courage of the prived of them. by the Communists; we have-and will Polish people in the last war have no par continue to-aid the Nationalist forces allel in history. Their endurance is al These, in plain language, are the first of China; and today we are helping to most beyond description. Through the three J.;Oints in that charter. The repel Communist aggression in Korea. centuries, the people of Poland have en United States was a signator to that This is the first step in our struggle dured oppression, enslavement, and the pact. The Union of Sovfet Socialist Re with the Communist forces; to succeed tragedies which wars bring, with the publics endorsed these objectives and in this endeavor, the free nations of the hope that they would some day live in became a signator on January 1, 1942. world have to work together. Our coun peace and freedom among the nations The freedom-loving people of Poland ac try has provided the leadership and the of the world. History would forever con cepted this charter as a guaranty that means for achieving that goal. By giv demn us, if we were to fail to aid them the spiritual rebirth and the principles ing food to those who need it, and by in attaining that goal. of freedom to which they had dedicated giving arms to those who want to de It is for us, the people of America, to their lives on May 3, 1791, would be re f end themselves, we have molded the rededicate ourselves today to the task of stored to them when the ravages of free nations of the world into a unit aiding the people of those nations which World War II had reached its end, and which is determined to stop Soviet ag the last drop of blood had been spilled. were our true friends and allies in two They had earned the right to such ex gression wherever it may strike. world wars, in this dark hour of their After we succeed in this primary effort pectations. For had they not continued need. We must rectify our apparent er to brave Hitler's power after their coun.. .and surround the Soviet empire with a ror in placing faith in the power which try had been desolated? Had they not wall of steel, we shall turn to those later violated our trust and proved to be fought gallantly on when their people nations which are today under Com an international thief. The negotiations were in chains? Had they not made the munist domination and aid those which which we undertook with that power same sacrifices on the altar of human want to free themselves of the yoke during and immediately after World decency and liberty as the soldiers of which has been imposed upon them. War II never attained the status of trea other lands including our own fair sons? The success of this second step will de ties since they were never confirmed by And finally had they not every right to pend, in a large part, on the peoples of our' Senate. Since they have been vio place their faith and their trust in the the nations concerned-nations which lated by a party to the agreement-So intellectual honesty of America, a coun want to be free. viet Russia-we should not give these ne try which had never broken a vow with But what must these people-the peo gotiations any further recognition. another nation in either peace or war? ple of Poland, of Czechoslovakia, and of Mr. Speaker, in the remembrance of But what happened? Around the other enslaved nations-do in the mean the Polish constitution of May 3, 1791, secret pe8tce table at Yalta the noble time? They must keep the principles of and in the examples of the invincible principles in the Atlantic Charter were freedom and democracy alive in their courage and will of the Polish people, we forgotten. The freedom-loving people hearts; they must prevent the indoctri should draw inspiration today-just as of Poland were locked behind the iron nation of their children in the theory the people of Poland draw inspiration curtain, where they remain today. Never ·and practice of dialectical materialism and courage from them. And we should was a greater travesty perpetrated upon ·of Marx, Lenin; and Stalin; they must let the world know our conviction-the the aspiration of any people. The events wait and prepare themselves for the day conviction that, with God's help, Poland of those fateful hours at Yalta in the on which they will be able to regain their and the rest of the world shall be free. year 1945 constitute the blackest pages freedom. Mr. MACHROWICZ. Mr. Speaker, I in the history of our Republic. For those Will they wait so long? I do not think yield such time as he may require to the misdeeds we today bow our heads in so. One cannot measure, however, the gentleman from Illinois [Mr. McVEY]. shame as we celebrate Poland's national suffering of mankind in days, months, Mr. McVEY. Mr. Speaker, I wish to holiday. We pray that in some manner or years. It must be measured in terms join my colleagues today in rendering we may atone for the wrongs committed of the goal for which we are striving. If tribute to the one hundred and sixtieth on a people who placed their trust in a free world-a world in which all · anniversary of the signing of the Polish our honor, who suffered incredible nations shall determine their destiny in constitution. The 3d of May has been agonies in the belief that some day they accordance with the just desires of their a national holiday in the hearts of the would be free. people; in which freedom of religion, Polish people since the year 1791, when Today the Polish people stand con freedom of opinion, and freedom from that country gave to the world the most quered but not subdu·ed. Their spirit is oppression shall reign; in which peace democratic constitution to be found in not crushed. That intense and un and liberty, not enslavement, shall be all Europe. The yoke of foreign aggres quenchable patriotism which they have the rule-is worth waiting for, then the sion to which that country has been sub never failed to manifest in their mqst suffering and sacrifies which we must jected at various· periods in her history tragic hours will live on to the day when undergo today become endurable. has failed to crush her free spirit. The they will again throw off the yoke of the The free nations of the world are de tragic years of Poland's present bondage oppressor and take their rightful place termined to achieve that goal. To will be an inspiration for future genera .. -among the freedom-loving peoples of the achieve it, they shall need the help of tions of Poles to carry on with that in.. -world. Poland, I salute you on this one the people of Poland, and the people of domitable spirit that has brought that hundred and sixtieth anniversary of the other nations which want to be free. country through so many trying situa.. signing of your epoch-making constitu The people of Poland, I am certain, will give us that help. They know what suf tions in tb.e past. tion-the political and spiritual rebirth fering is; they know what enslavem~nt Poland has always fought tyranny and of a noble people. . is· but they also know how to survive, international immorality. · Sh,e has al ·Mr. MACHROWICZ. Mr. Speaker, I . a~d. above all, they shall remain true to . ways .supported every expression of in . yield to the gentleman from New York their heritage. ternational morality, and in that spirit [Mr. RADWAN]. 4836 CONGRESSIONAL .RECORD-HOUSE MAY 3 Mr. RADWAN. Mr. Speaker, on this the world, it is only proper that we up and fought; the first people in all the May 3, 1951, we are privileged to mark pause in our day's reflections and pay world with courage enough to stand up and comm~morate Polish Constitution tribute to a people and a nation who and say "No" to Adolf Hitler; the first Day. One hundred and sixty years ago, have done so much to spread and en people to stand up and tell Hitler: "You shortly after this great Nation gave birth courage freedom world-wide. We all 1r.ay take other parts of Europe but as to our present Constitution, Poland know in searching our history that when for us, you are not going to take us with adopted a great document granting far the Constitution of the United States out a fight." reaching freedom to her people. was first launched not only to the people They fought. For 19 days they stood Here in this country we are cognizant of America but was publicized through up with bare bodies against the mightiest of the tragedy, unparalleled in universal out the world, there were those mon military machine the world has ever history, that the Polish Nation is going archs in Europe, Asia, and all over the seen. At that time, you will remember, through. On this day we express our world who laughed and scoffed at the Adolf Hitler and Joe Stalin were pals. heartfelt sympathy and, at the same Constitution of the United States. They They made a pact. And on the 19th day time, convey our sincere sentiments as said it would never work, that it was the of September, on the nineteenth day of a brotherly nation. work of madmen, that it was just some the war, Hitler and Stalin made an If you can but imagine an enslaved thing temporary, that it was something agreement by which Joe Stalin started America without the right to celebrate that would soon pass by, However, in to march from the· east, and Poland, a Independence Day on July 4, then you this commemoration of Polish Consti little country of some 32,000,000 people, have some idea how the people of Po tution Day, the reason why we · should was now wedged in between the two land feel today. Poland would jubilantly pause in our reflections to pay tribute is madmen of Europe, Joe Stalin on one celebrate today if it were possible for her that the first people and the first nation side and Adolf Hitler on the other side. to do so, but Poland cannot rejoice today. in all history that had confidence enough Still the 32,000,000 Poles did not give up. Soviet oppression will see to that; but in the Constitution of the United States They fought for exactly 17 days longer. even Communist enslavement and Rus of America to emulate it was the coun For 36 days Poland alone stood the on sia's iron heel cannot prevent the Polish try of Poland and the people of Poland. slaught of two of the mightiest military people from a silent and hopeful observ Something less than 3 years after the leaders and two of the worst and most ance of this great day. Constitution of the United States of brutal killers that the world has ever Today there is another Poland-a free America was adopted, here in a far away known. Poland which exists, lives, anci grows land, in a far away continent, a people Oh, yes, there are those cynics who outside of her natural boundaries. Yes, and a country, the people of Poland and say: "What does 36 days of resistance outside of the iron curtain this free Po the Nation of Poland, were the first peo mean?" When you consider the fact that land is just as strong, physically, morally, ple and the first nation of the world to when Hitler started to march westward and spiritually, as the one which is known emulate the Constitution of the United instead of eastward, he marched through for courage, knighthood, and untiring States of America. . Norway, through Belgium, through Den e:ff orts in their pursuit for freedom, lib The Constitution Day of Poland that mark, through Luxemburg, through part erty, and independence. We cannot we commemorate today is commemo of France and was ready to take England overlook the enormous contribution of rated because they were the first people in 12 days, it gives you an idea of the the great Polish nations in their fight and the first nation to pattern and model bravery and the glory of the 32,000,000 to protect western civilization from being their constitution of freedom and liberty Poles who stood alone. The aid that overrun by evil forces all through the after that of the United States of Amer was promised never arrived. The 2,000 history of mankind. ica. That act, through the ages and planes that England promised them In passing, it is also just and fair to since then, has been typical of the love never saw Polish soil because England point out the contributions of many sons and the ferver and the feeling of Poland did not have that many planes to give of Poland to this great Nation of ours, for freedom and liberty. when they made the promise. the United States of America. Yes; there We might come down to more mod Did Poland give up? Not at all. In was Pulaski, whose monuments and ern times, for instance to the time of intrigues and escapades that will make statues adorn many of our •parks and World War II. The patriotism and the some of the most romantic pages of our public squares in this country. Pulaski love for freedom that the people of Po history if the truth were known these made the supreme sacrifice for this coun land showed is one that has no match in Poles that were now divided by the Rus try at Savannah, Ga. His contribution the annals of history of all mankind. sians and by the Germans skipped from was truly symbolic of the Polish desire Let us go back, for instance, to Septem one country to another and 6 months to fight freedom's battle anywhere on ber of 1939, when all the world was after Poland fell 12,000 Polish fliers txod's earth. There was Kosciusko who, shaking in its boots, afraid of that mad were flying in the British Royal Air for a time, was adjutant to George Wash man of Europe, when England got to the Force and they shot down 1 out of ington. His recommendations to build point when they sent their great states every 5 Nazi planes that were bomb fortifications at West Point and, further, man, Neville Chamberlain, over to Mu ing London at that time. The only ex that a military academy be established nich to meet Adolf Hitler. peditionary force that the Allies sent to there will always be a monument to his Hitler said: "I am going to take this Norway after it was overrun by the Ger memory. The very names of Pulaski part of Czechoslovakia, I am going to mans overnight was an expedition of im and Kosciusko are "watchwords of lib take this part of another country, what poverished Polish troops that were asked erty"; their contributions are indelibly are you going to do about it, Mr. Cham not to take a certain part of Norway. written into the glorious record of Amer berlain?" They not only achieved their mission but ican independence. Mr. Chamberlain, shaking in his boots, sent word to London that they needed I am sure, Mr. Speaker, that the said: "Mr. Hitler, I have my umbrella more supplies and more men, saying that valiant people of Poland look to this with me to protect you from the rain. they would drive the Germans out of great Nation of ours for encouragement You go ahead and take everything you Norway. But, the only answer was, and support in the hope that through want~ just leave England alone. Let us "Come back to England and save the the etrorts of the United States of Amer alone." British people." You will remember ica, a future observance of Polish Con Just as Chamberlain was shaking in that was in the days of Dunkerque. Then stitution Day will be one which the peo his boots when he was meeting with they had them marching in the Nor ples of Poland can join in with all of the Adolf Hitler and all of the rest of the mandy invasion; they had them march citizens of this great Nation who wish world was trembling at the great force ing in Italy and every place. The first her well today. Hitler had assembled in Europe, there defeat that Hitler suffered in Africa he Mr. MACHROWICZ. Mr. Speaker, I was one country and one people who suffered at the hands of a Polish regi- yield to the gentleman from Wisconsin said: "As for you, we care not what you . ment; a regiment of Polish people that CMr. O'KoNsKI] such time as he may re do, but as for us we rather die for our skipped from the land. of Poland from quire. freedom than to live under Nazi slavery.'' one country to another until they were Mr. O'KONSKI.. Mr. Speaker, in And alone, with false promises from regimented into a fighting force. Yes, these trying days when liberty is being · England, with false promises from the first defeat that the Germans suf challenged all over the world, and when · France, the little country of Poland, fered in Africa was suffered at the hands liberty and freedom are dying all over which was not a warring nation, stood of a Polish contingent. And, that is not 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 4837 all. Take the battle of Monte Cassino, our lives and our efforts to redeeming As (have said so many times, Poland where the Allies were driven back on the great wrong that was perpetrated 1s the test. case of our intentions toward · four dit!erent occasions at a heavy loss against a gallant and a great people. human freedom. If we do not come to of American lives. Finally, Gen. Mark If we accomplish that· and work in that the assistance of this suffering nation Clark assigned troops to General Anders, direction, the world will love us, and free now, if we ruthlessly and mercilessly and together they took Monte Cassino dom and honor once again will play the consign the Polish people to the unspeak hill. They took it at a great cost of major part in the dealings of the United able horror of oppression and tyranny, blood. States of America with other people. we will be failing to measure up in this I remember very well the statement Until that time comes I have grave generation to the great heritage of Amer when General Anders went to General concern for the future of this country ican freedom itself. Clark in Italy. He said, "General, Po and grave concern for the future of lib Let us solemnly resolve on this sacred land wants to do its part in this fight erty and freedom everywhere. occasion that not only our hearts, but for freedom. What can we do for you?" Mr. MACHROWICZ. Mr. Speaker, I our a-ssurances of unfailing devotion, General Clark looked at General Anders, yield such time as he may desire to the practical support, and assistance for and he said, "General, you have not got gentleman from Massachusetts [Mr. their cause go out today from this great any men. How can you fight the PHILBIN]. tribunal of democracy to the great and enemy?" General Anders looked at Mr. PHILBIN. Mr. Speaker, once noble people of Poland. May the day of General Ciark, and he said, "Oh, General, again, on this anniversary of the found their liberation soon be at hand. that is where you are wrong. I already ing of the free Polish Government, I am Mr. MACnROWICZ. Mr. Speaker, I have 25,000 Polish boys. You ar.e differ privileged to address the House, in behalf yield such time as she may desire to the ent from me. You have your reinforce of a nation and a people, who have gentlewoman from Ohio [Mrs. BOLTON]. ments behind you, General Clark, _but I greatly and immeasurably contributed to Mrs. BOLTON. Mr. Speaker, today, have got my reinforcements ahead of me, the development of free institutions in the 3d of May, marks the one hundred and every mile that we march through this world. ' and sixtieth anniversary of the adoption Italy my army is goiD.g to increase.'' History is replete with the unexcelled of the Polish Constitution. It is fit And one by one the Polish boys joined sacrifices and evidence of devotion to the ting that this great body pay tribute to the cause of the Allies. And the ·general cause of liberty of the Polish people. I the Polish people on this, their national of the Polish Army, General Anders, who do not think there is any nation in the holiday, even though the principles laid started out with a contingent of 25,000 world, which has sacrificed more bitterly, down in that constitution have gone troops in Italy before the war was over more courageously, more unflinchingly temporarily into eclipse under the domi haJ a contingent of 250,000 fighting that the Polish people. nation of a foreign power. I say tem Polish boys. In connection with my remarks, I de porarily, because the Polish Nation has Poland has paid a price in this war sire to refer to a spendid letter recently been under oppression before in its his that no nation has ever paid in the his received from an able advocate of the tory and has always emerged strong and tory of all mankind, 8,000,000 dead. Polish cause, Mr. K. Stefan Pomierski, resolute. The people of Poland are Before the war Poland was a land of of Glen Cove, N. Y. I quote: · ·' courageous people. That many of us 32,000,000 people. After the war there Let us pledge ourselves to the faith that know from our association with the were about 24,000,COO left. No people says that the Yalta agreement shall be nulli Americans of Polish descent who have on earth ever paid so high a price. fied forthwith, that the Polish-Government contributed so much to the building of for their liberty as did the people of in-exile and at present in London, shall re this country. · Poland. And what was their reward? ceive immediate diplomatic recognition and We owe much to them, just as the Three men going to Yalta, with more that Gen. Wladyslaw Anders, hero of whole Western World owes much to the vodka in their bellies than brains in their of World War II, be appointed to the general Polish Nation which took the brunt of staff of the armies of the Allies. If we do that the brutal Nazi attack on that valiant heads, decided that these brave and gal we shall regain the full confidence of all free lant people shall receive their just re dom-loving peoples of the Americas, of Eur country 12 years ago. ward. And their reward was betrayal ope, and of Asia. We owe much to the courage and de. by the United States; betrayal by Eng- termination of the Polish leaders who land. . I believe sincerely that the· foregoing contributed to our own struggle for in~ The master mind of that betrayal to brief sentences accurately reflect. not dependence-Kosciusko, Sobieski, and day sits in the Federal penitentiary. only the sentiments of Polish-Americans, Pulaski. Their contribution at the test His name is Alger Hiss. He master but also the deep feeling of an over ing time for the infant American cause minded the betrayal of Poland.. So whelming number of Americans of every was incalculable. We owe much to Po today we find 24,000,000 Polish people class, creed, color, and station. land and to the people of Polish blood living under Communist dictatorship be This ·historic day fills me at once with in our midst. cause of the proficient work of a Com feelings of anguish and glory-the an Today, 160 years after her first Con munist agent working in a high place in guish of one whose heart goes out to the stitution Day, Poland is again waiting the Government of the United States of millions of poor souls in Poland, strong for the chance to regain her independ America. His name is Alger Hiss. The in the Christian faith, strong in their ence. But commensurate with the monument that he has erected on be allegiance to democracy, who were be bravery and spirit of her people, she is half of his work is 24,000,000 people in trayed in such a merciless, heartless not waiting supinely. The underground Poland sold under the yoke of Commu manner at Yalta-glory because of the which worked so effectively against the nist slavery. The work of Alger Hiss js inspiration which lovers of democracy Nazi invaders is again carrying on. The one that must be wiped off the history throughout the world have received from fiame of independent thought is being books of the United States of America. a people whose courage, fortitude, and kept alive. Let us pay tribute to that As long as the present policy in regard unfiinching spirit in the face of adver unyielding spirit of independence and to Poland exists, every liberty-loving. sity, persecution and even death empha of unquenchable hope which keeps this American must hang his head in shame size and exemplify the noblest qualities fiame alive, as we join with the thou until the wrong we have perpetrated of the human soul. sands of free Poles all over the Western against the people of Poland is corrected. Of course we must stand with the World who are observing this day. we have no right to look for support brave, gallant Polish Nation and its un Mr. MACHROWICZ. Mr. Speaker, I from liberty-loving people all over the surpassed people. We must stand with yield such time as he may desire to the world until we do that. That is why them as they pass through the valley of gentleman from South Carolina [Mr. today we find 90 percent of the people the shadow of death into the new light DORN]. of the Slavic race under Communist of i:eborn freedom, which already ap Mr. DORN. Mr. Speaker, I com yokes. They are under the Communist pears on the horizon. We must stand mend the distinguished Members who yoke because they look at the betrayal with them in their struggles for inde spoke here today on their wonderful of Poland as an example of the word and pendence and liberty, for tolerance, dig remarks in behalf of the people of Po- honor of allies like Great Britain and the nity, and justice, for the recapture of land. That tragic sell-out of Poland by United States. So, in commemorating their free government and their rights the United States and allies should be a Polish Constitution Day, let us dedicate as free men and women. lesson to us today that whenever we XCVII-305 483-S - CONGRESSIONKt -· RECORD~HCUSJD MAY -3 surrender -principle we h~ve te -buy · it,. partment of -Medicine 9-nd Sur.gery,-Vet has· a .patient-load running -to 98.8- per-. back in ·blood as we are now ·dQing -in erans' · Adni1nistraticm, 147 . hospitals cent of - capacity.. This hospital was Korea. . . · were ill operation; 18 of which were · for designed and built for 933 beds. At the Mr. MACHROWICZ. -Mr. Speak~r. I tubercular patients, 34 for neuropsychi present time 1,092 beds are · occupied: ask unanimous consent _tn_at all ~em- · atrics, and. 95 were general medical and The overload, here again is cared for PY bers who desire to do so may be per surgical -hospitals. These facilities had the addition of .172 beds in recreation mitted to extend their remarks -at this a bed capacity of 108,035 patients .and rooms and other· space originally not point, and- have five legislative d~ys in· were -occupied to the-extent of 102,319 designed for hospital-bed uses. which to extend their remarks · m the- patients. This is approximately ·95 per Recently I received a protest from a RECORD. . . cent of capacity. I am informed that committee· appointed . by the Franklin · The SPEAKER pro tempore. ~s there .. civilian hospitalS consider 80-percent ca-. Hampshire District No. 2, ·the American objection to: tpe ·reques~ of-the gei;it}eman. pacity fo be a ·sate ma;rgin :for . effictent Legion; about--. the -lack·)of -facilities at· from Michigan? : · operation and-good service. -In .the. ml.se :NorthamptOn-:Hospital. It was explained. There was ·no objection; -· - · <)f our.. Veterans'. Administration hospi-_ to me :that the, hospitaf load· had . been· tals . the percentage . sqould be slightly ioo -percent ·full -for the past -2 years .. .SPECiAL ORDER- "GRANTED high'er, but not over 85 percent. Any in-. The larger .number of these patients . Mr. DORN ·~sked and. was given pei:-: crease over this 85 .percent, I am told,. is ar.e veterans of World-War I and World mission to. address the House for · 50. reflected in the weil:-being and treatment War II who ·have been hospitalized for minutes .on Monday next: following the · of the ~patiel\ts . ·' - · · . : several. years. Incidentally, this· hos legislative program and any special or-. . To consider the situation fairly, the pital serves . not only two-thirds of Mas-' ders' heretofore entered. · · types of hospitals should be weighed sep-· ~achusetts ,. but all of .the States of Ver.;, VETERANS' ADMINISTR~ TION HOSPITALS- arately. At the present time, 50 percent mont, ConnectiCut, the. western part of of. all veteran ,patients a-re in NP hospi-: Rhode Island, Albany and-Troy, N. Y. At . Mr. CANFIELD. Mr~ · Speak~r. ) . ask tals, 15 percent are in TB hospitals, and the present time 50 percent of the bed rinaiiinio"us consent tliat the gentlewom-: the remainder, 34 percent, are in the patients are from- the State of Connecti~ an .from "Ma"ssachusetts [.Mrs. ROGERS] general medical and. surgical hospitals. eU.t; and the other 50 percent'froni vari_. may extend her renia'rks at tliis point ii:t . The most serious congestion-:-and it is ous parts of New· England. AlSo, right the RECORD. ' dangerous overcrowding-occurs in the pow. there are 23 service·-connected cases · The SPEAKER. · Is there objection to· fyP hospitals, . ·w~ich p_ears,' as .Y!)U . wil\ that are in the. State hospital, their .ca:re the request of ·tne.' gentleman "frorn ·New note, over one-half of the entire patient being.' p.aid.for by the Veterans! Adminis .. Jersey?" " · - · · " -" · · ioad. · There.- ar.e several ·cogent reasorui tratien;. Four of these cases -are not only There was Iio 'objection: ~. . .. ' ' . - for this_ condition. · There are ope:r:a.:. " mental but have tuberculosis . . There are. - . ·:Mrs. ROGERS'of :Massachusetts: Mr~ tional ·· difficulties · in NP Mspitals ·-that 16'8 non.,.service-connected'. cases ·on the sp·eaker, there has been· a great deal of· are not i:fres~nt in other'faciiities. First; ~aitihg. list· at ·the· present time. . Sixty discussion · and considerable confusion tne patiept . tui:n-over ts exceed,ingly of these patients ·have been on_the vr finding the ·quantity· and· quality· of~ pro~ · -Mr. ·PHILLIPS ·asked- and,was · -gi-v-en: the-current-revisien- ef.-the-n-ational-akpert f essional-men and-w<:>me-n -if-the--hospi-ta1s permissien- ta include extraneous· mate•: · plan.and,.whichshoµld be undei;taken during are ·not located in! isolated localities .. rial in the remarks -he made in Commit• the. fisca,l y.ear. 1~52, Bursuant to section 8 of . .the Federal . Airport Act, P.ublic .. La.w _3 .77, . ·In closing-, I .want to ~tress the great tee· of the Whole.- Seventy'."ninth Congress;' t.o the CQmmittee rieed for more hospitals-for the Veterans' . Mr. ALLEN ·of-California· o:&:rs ·. f:>Fi co:tviMIT'I'EEs oN PVBLic · •BILLs ANP RF.SdtuJ'rnNs . __ of the need exists in TB and NP type fa include extraneous matter.- cilities,· where· patient· turn-over is ·slow Mr: VAN ZANDT· ill --tq ·prqvid~ for the tl'aflsfer ~r i:JlilitcJ-aim of-title · EXTENSiO?:l .OF RE:MAJ;?;Ks Austin', United· States Representativ-e. to the United -1'ia.tions. · . . to-certain lands in-Florlda; with·amendment Mr. McCORMACK asked and was ·(Rept. ~o. 418). Refer-red to the Committee : Mr. · WHITA:K;E~ <~t tpe requei:;t of · of the .. Whole· House on the State. of the ·given permission to extend his remarks -Mr. _CHELF) w;:ts given permission ~o ·ex"". and include ·an article by Char-les -A. tend his remarks; ;m~~:~ENTSEN ; ccim~iit~e o~ Inte~ior' an~ Merrill appearing in :the Bost.on Globe, ·-Mr. ROONEY asked and was giveri -Insular Affairs. a: R~ 2889. A bili to ·require April 29. _ , permission to revise and extend the re the recordation : ·of .scrip, lien selection, · Mr. MULTER asked and . was ..given marks he ma.de.in colloquy with -the gen and similar rights; without amendment permission.to extend.his remarks in.four tleman from California [Mr. McKIN.; :(Rept, No. 419). ·Referred to· the Committee instanc.es.and include extraneous matter; of · the Whole· ·House on the State of the .NON] in Committee of the Whol~ toa~i ,Union. .. , , - .Mr. DOLLIVER asked and-was. giv_en E. and include- an article by Charles· , M~s. BOSON~: · Committee on Il].terior and .permission _to. extend his· -own: remarks. .Jackson; general manager ··of the -Na"' _ Mr. :LEONARD W. 'HALL :. - . Ute Indian Tribe of the Uintah and Ouray .:was .. given _permission to. ex_tend his r~~ ADJOpR~ME~~ Reservation, to authorize a per capita pay marl{s and_include extr.aneous_matter. Mr. -MACHROWICZ. '.Mr. Speaker, I ment- eut -of -such funds, to pr-ovide- for -the MF.- -BURDICK asked and -was given ·move that the.House do now·adjourn; . · -division -of certain tribal funds .with . the permission to extend his remarks. , . The motion was .a'gteed to; . ~ccording..;. .southern lJtes, arid tor other purposes; with Mr. -ELSTON asked and was given per ·1y ·s.. o'clock and· 39 ,minutes .. p . .m.r, .amendment (Rept. --No. 420). · Referred to mission :to extend his remarks and in:.. the ~orµmit~ee . of -the Whole Hci~se · · o? the under i previous oi·der, the House · ad~ f:?tate of th.e Urlion: ·· ·. - : · · . · - elude an editorial. · ·journed u til. t.omJtrow, Friday; May 4', Mr. POULSON ·asked -and was "given : i~~: l, a~ 11 o;~1o~k. a. m. · :: . permission, to eX:t~nd his · remarks ·in, . PUBLIC BIJ.L.3 :-~~ -- R~SOLU'l!ONS three instances and include extraneous : EXECUTIVE · COMMUNI'CATIONS, . ETC. Under Clause · 3 of rule XXIl, public ·matter. bills and resolutions were Jntrodu c ~i Rnd Under clause 2 of rule XXIV, .executive - Mr.-HOFFMAN of Michigan asked and ·seyerally referred a~ fol~ows: ·was · given· permission- to revise· a:h.d ex communicaticns were taken · fr.om ~he Speaker's. tat.Ile and referred as fallows: By Mrs. BOSONE: .tend the remarks he intends to make H~ $,3~9.5~. I>ende~ list; w~ic~ . proj~cts are· ~n9lude.d i_n ~ te~: on th~ . J\1d~ciaJY· 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECO-RD-SENATE 484J H. R. 3961. A bill to provide for a jury 267. Also, resolution of the Rock County a proposed rev1s1on of a supplemental commission for each Unite·d States , district Dental Auxiliary, ·Rohk County~ Wis:, re appropriation, involving an increase of court, to regulate its compensation; to pre a~ming_ faith: in the American, voluntart scribe its duties, and for other purp'oses; to way to: safeguard the Nation's health and in $13,000,000, for the Atoinic Energy Com . the Committee on the Judiciary. sure against the costs of -illness and un mission, :fisc.al year 1951, which, with the By Mr. DOYLE: . equivocally oppose· any form of national accompanyin·g paper, was referred to the H.J. Res. 250. Joint resolution to authorize compulsory he.alth insurjl.nce as a danger Committee · on 'Appropriations and or~ the President of the United States to ap ous step toward com.Pl~te acceptance of a dered to be printed. point a committee to· designate the niost p~anned secialistic economy; to the Com UNITED STATES APPRAISERS. STORES; appropriate day for National Children's Day; mittee on Interstate and Foreign Co:rrimerce. to the Committee on the Judiciary. BALTIMORE-RESOLUTION OF CITY By Mr. CELLER: COUNCIL OF BALTIMORE, MD. H. Res. ~21. Resolution to authorize the Mr. O'CONOR. Mr. President, I pre Committee on the Judiciary to conduct sent for appropriate reference a reso1u.:. studies in the conduct of hearings before SENATE committees of the House of Representatives; tion adopted by the City Council of Bal.:. to the Committee on Rules. FRIDAY, MAY 4, 1951 timore, Md., on April 23, 1951, relative By Mr. BUSBEY: to improving conditions at the United H. Res. 222. Resolution to provide for an