Lithuania's Constitution of 1992 with Amendments Through 2019
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1 KING of CHILDREN Betty Jean Liffton (Biography of Janusz Korczak)
KING OF CHILDREN Betty Jean Liffton (Biography of Janusz Korczak) Who was Janusz Korczak? “The lives of great men are like legends-difficult but beautiful.” Janusz Korczak once wrote, and it was true of his. Yet most Americans have never heard of Korczak, Polish-Jewish children’s writer and educator who is as well known in Europe as Anne Frank. Like her, he died in the Holocaust and left behind a diary; unlike her, he had a chance to escape that fate-a chance he chose not to take. His legend began on August 6, 1942; during the early stages of the Nazi liquidation of the Warsaw Ghetto-though his dedication to destitute children was legendary long before the war. When the Germans ordered his famous orphanage evacuated, Korczak was forced to gather together the two hundred children in his care. He led them with quiet dignity on that final march through the ghetto streets to the train that would take them to “resettlement in the East ” -the Nazi euphemism for the death camp Treblinka. He was to die as Henryk Goldszmit, the name he was born with, but it was by his pseudonym that he would be remembered. It was Janusz Korczak who introduced progressive orphanages designed as just communities into Poland, founded the first national children’s newspaper, trained teachers in what we now call moral education, and worked in juvenile courts defending children’s rights. His books How to Love a Child and The Child’s Right to Respect gave parents and teachers new insights into child psychology. -
Westminsterresearch
WestminsterResearch http://www.westminster.ac.uk/westminsterresearch Socially inherited memory, gender and the public sphere in Poland. Anna Reading School of Media, Arts and Design This is an electronic version of a PhD thesis awarded by the University of Westminster. © The Author, 1996. This is a scanned reproduction of the paper copy held by the University of Westminster library. The WestminsterResearch online digital archive at the University of Westminster aims to make the research output of the University available to a wider audience. Copyright and Moral Rights remain with the authors and/or copyright owners. Users are permitted to download and/or print one copy for non-commercial private study or research. Further distribution and any use of material from within this archive for profit-making enterprises or for commercial gain is strictly forbidden. Whilst further distribution of specific materials from within this archive is forbidden, you may freely distribute the URL of WestminsterResearch: (http://westminsterresearch.wmin.ac.uk/). In case of abuse or copyright appearing without permission e-mail [email protected] SOCIALLY INHERITED MEMORY, GENDER AND THE PUBLIC SPHERE IN POLAND Anna Reading A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy July 1996 University of Westminster, London, UK **I have a memory, which is the memory of mother's memory' UNIVERSITY OF WESTMINSTER HARROW IRS CENTRE ABSTRACT More recent theories of the 'revolutions' of 1989 in the societies of Eastern and Central Europe now suggest that the underlying dynamic was continuity rather than disjuncture in terms of social and political relations. Yet such theories fail to explain the nature of and the reasons for this continuity in terms of gender relations in the public sphere. -
Palestine and Poland; a Personal Perspective
1 Nationalism in Comparison: Palestine and Poland; A Personal Perspective Gregory P. Rabb Professor of Political Science Jamestown Community College INTRODUCTION Defining and understanding nationalism in general can be difficult when done without referencing a particular nation or people. This paper is an attempt to understand nationalism in a comparative perspective as recommended by Benedict Anderson in his work entitled “Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism” (2016). Mr. Anderson also recommends understanding nationalism by focusing on the western hemisphere (or so called “new world”) rather than analyzing nationalism in the context of the so-called “old world” from a Euro-centric perspective. I am no Benedict Anderson, but I hope I met his recommendation by understanding nationalism from a personal perspective which I will explain shortly. NATIONALISM When introducing these concepts to my students I talk about the nation-state as the way in which we have organized the world since the Treaty of Westphalia-a Euro-centric perspective. The state is the government, however that is organized, and the nation is the people who are held together by any one or more of the following characteristics: common language, religion, history, ethnicity, and/or national identity including a commitment to a certain set of values (e.g. the emphasis on individual rights and the Constitution as our civil religion as seen in the US) and symbols (e.g. the monarchy and currency in the UK and the flag in the US). We then discuss the “stresses” from above, below, and beside (without) which may be heralding the end of the so-called nation-state era. -
'Brandt Falls to His Knees in the Ghetto' from the Frankfurter Allgemeine
‘Brandt falls to his knees in the ghetto’ from the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (8 December 1970) Caption: On 8 December 1970, the day after the signing in Warsaw of the Treaty between the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) and Poland, the German daily newspaper Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung comments on Willy Brandt’s genuflection before the monument erected in memory of those who perished in the city’s Jewish ghetto. Source: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung. Zeitung für Deutschland. 08.12.1970, Nr. 284. Frankfurt/Main: FAZ Verlag GmbH. "Brandt kniet im Getto nieder", auteur:Henkel, Walter , p. 4. Copyright: (c) Translation CVCE.EU by UNI.LU All rights of reproduction, of public communication, of adaptation, of distribution or of dissemination via Internet, internal network or any other means are strictly reserved in all countries. Consult the legal notice and the terms and conditions of use regarding this site. URL: http://www.cvce.eu/obj/brandt_falls_to_his_knees_in_the_ghetto_from_the_frankf urter_allgemeine_zeitung_8_december_1970-en-c0fab2a4-8b6c-4032-9233- b4ca39c064a6.html Last updated: 24/11/2016 1/4 Brandt falls to his knees in the ghetto Walter Henkel reports on the events in Warsaw Willy Brandt retains his composure even when laying wreaths. He comes across as self-confident — a man with the inestimable advantage of a powerful physique that inspires confidence at an ordinary human level. It takes a great deal to throw him off balance. At monuments of this kind, which are usually referred to in books as memorials, he remains apparently frosty, unemotional and grudging. At 9.30 a.m. yesterday (Monday), he had laid a wreath of white carnations at the Tomb of the Unknown Solder in Warsaw with full military honours. -
NONVIOLENT RESISTANCE in LITHUANIA a Story of Peaceful Liberation
NONVIOLENT RESISTANCE IN LITHUANIA A Story of Peaceful Liberation Grazina Miniotaite The Albert Einstein Institution www.aeinstein.org 2 CONTENTS Acknowledgments Introduction Chapter 1: Nonviolent Resistance Against Russification in the Nineteenth Century The Goals of Tsarism in Lithuania The Failure of Colonization The Struggle for the Freedom of Religion The Struggle for Lithuanian Press and Education Chapter 2: Resistance to Soviet Rule, 1940–1987 An Overview Postwar Resistance The Struggle for the Freedom of Faith The Struggle for Human and National Rights The Role of Lithuanian Exiles Chapter 3: The Rebirth From Perestroika to the Independence Movement Test of Fortitude The Triumph of Sajudis Chapter 4: Towards Independence The Struggle for Constitutional Change Civil Disobedience Step by Step The Rise of Reactionary Opposition Chapter 5: The Struggle for International Recognition The Declaration of Independence Independence Buttressed: the Battle of Laws First Signs of International Recognition The Economic Blockade The January Events Nonviolent Action in the January Events International Reaction 3 Chapter 6: Towards Civilian-Based Defense Resistance to the “Creeping Occupation” Elements of Civilian-Based Defense From Nonviolent Resistance to Organized Civilian-Based Defense The Development of Security and Defense Policy in Lithuania since 1992 Concluding Remarks Appendix I Appeal to Lithuanian Youth by the Supreme Council of the Republic of Lithuania Appendix II Republic in Danger! Appendix III Appeal by the Government of the Republic -
The Revival of Lithuanian Polyphonic Sutartinės Songs in the Late 20Th and Early 21St Century Daiva Račiūnaitė-Vyčinienė
The Revival of Lithuanian Polyphonic Sutartinės Songs in the Late 20th and Early 21st Century Daiva Račiūnaitė-Vyčinienė Introduction The ‘Neo-Folklore movement’ (in Lithuania, In contemporary ethnomusicology, attention is folkloro judėjimas, folkloro ansamblių judėjimas; increasingly paid to the defi nition of the terms in Latvia, folkloras absambļu kustība; in Estonia, ‘tradition’ and ‘innovation’. These defi nitions folklooriliikumine) is the term used in the Baltic include stability and mobility; repetition and contries (Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania) to denote creativity; ‘fi rst’ and ‘second existence’1 and similar the increased interest in folklore tradition during concepts, and how these phenomena relate the 1970s and 80s. The term also ‘describes the to folklore traditions. Most of today’s musical practical forms of actualizing folklore in daily traditions can be described as ‘revival’. This term life and in the expressions of amateur art that is used widely yet ambiguously in research in have accompanied the spiritual awakening of the English language.2 The word is applied to the people and their fi ght for the restoration of the phenomena of revitalisation, recreation, independence at beginning of the 1990s’ (Klotiņš innovation, and transformation, these terms often 2002: 107). In Soviet times, the Lithuanian folklore being used synonymously and interchangeably.3 ensemble movement,5 one among thousands of its Nevertheless, there are some ethnomusicologists kind, was a form of resistance to denationalisation who take a purist approach, adhering to the and to other Soviet ideologies. Without this original meanings of these terms. The Swedish ethnic, cultural union there would not have been ethnomusicologist Ingrid Åkesson describes a Singing Revolution.6 three basic concepts that apply to the processes This movement encompassed a variety of of change in folklore, each with its own shade of folklore genres and styles, refl ecting the general meaning: ‘recreation’, ‘reshaping’/‘transformation’, revival and reinvigoration of folklore. -
Halldór Laxness - Wikipedia
People of Iceland on Iceland Postage Stamps Halldór Laxness - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halldór_Laxness Halldór Laxness Halldór Kiljan Laxness (Icelandic: [ˈhaltour ˈcʰɪljan ˈlaxsnɛs] Halldór Laxness ( listen); born Halldór Guðjónsson; 23 April 1902 – 8 February 1998) was an Icelandic writer. He won the 1955 Nobel Prize in Literature; he is the only Icelandic Nobel laureate.[2] He wrote novels, poetry, newspaper articles, essays, plays, travelogues and short stories. Major influences included August Strindberg, Sigmund Freud, Knut Hamsun, Sinclair Lewis, Upton Sinclair, Bertolt Brecht and Ernest Hemingway.[3] Contents Early years 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s Born Halldór Guðjónsson Later years 23 April 1902 Family and legacy Reykjavík, Iceland Bibliography Died 8 February 1998 Novels (aged 95) Stories Reykjavík, Iceland Plays Poetry Nationality Icelandic Travelogues and essays Notable Nobel Prize in Memoirs awards Literature Translations 1955 Other Spouses Ingibjörg Einarsdóttir References (m. 1930–1940) External links [1] Auður Sveinsdóttir (m. 1945–1998) Early years Laxness was born in 1902 in Reykjavík. His parents moved to the Laxnes farm in nearby Mosfellssveit parish when he was three. He started to read books and write stories at an early age. He attended the technical school in Reykjavík from 1915 to 1916 and had an article published in the newspaper Morgunblaðið in 1916.[4] By the time his first novel was published (Barn náttúrunnar, 1919), Laxness had already begun his travels on the European continent.[5] 1 of 9 2019/05/19, 11:59 Halldór Laxness - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halldór_Laxness 1920s In 1922, Laxness joined the Abbaye Saint-Maurice-et-Saint-Maur in Clervaux, Luxembourg where the monks followed the rules of Saint Benedict of Nursia. -
1 Box 12 Abbot, John M. La Coralie Polka Schottisch. Composed for And
Box 12 Abbot, John M. La Coralie polka schottisch. Composed for and respectfully dedicated to Miss Kate E. Stoutenburg. For solo piano. New York: J. E. Gould and Co., 1851. Abbot, John M. La reve d’amour. For solo piano. New York: William Hall & Son, 1858. 3 copies. L’Aboyar. La coquetterie polka facile. For solo piano. Boston: Oliver Ditson, 1853. Adam, Adolphe. Duke of Reichstadt’s waltz. For solo piano. New York: James L. Hewitt & Co., [s.d.]. Adam, Adolphe. Duke of Reichstadt’s waltz. For solo piano. Boston: C. Bradlee, [s.d.].. Adam, A. Hungarian flag dance. Danced by forty-eight Danseuses Viennoises at the principal theatres in Europe and the United States. For solo piano. Arranged by Edward L. White. Boston: Stephen W. Marsh, 1847. Adams, A.M. La petite surprise! For solo piano. New York: W. Dubois, [s.d.]. Adams, G. Molly put the kettle on. For solo piano. Boston: Oliver Ditson, [s.d.]. Adams, G. Scotch air. With variations as performed by Miss. R. Brown on the harp at the Boston Concerts. For solo piano or harp. New York: William Hall & Son, [s.d.]. Adams, G. Scotch air. With variations as performed by Miss R. Brown on the harp at the Boston Concerts. For solo piano or harp. New York: Firth, Hall, and Pond, [between 1846 and 1847]. Adams, J.B. Sunbeam polka. For solo piano. Boston: Oliver Ditson, 1853. Adams, J. Willard. Dream life polka. Composed and most respectfully dedicated to the Ladies of Fredericksburg, PA. For solo piano. New York: Firth, Pond, and Co., 1852. -
Using Polpex Philatelic Material To
34 March-April 2019 8VLQJ3ROSH[3KLODWHOLF0DWHULDOWR([SDQG DQG(QULFK<RXU7RSLFDO$UHD Edwin J. Andrews and Robert V. Ogrodnik Topical collectors are always hunting for new and unusual items to supplement their collections, and topical exhibitors especially need a wide variety of philatelic elements to show the diversity and depth of their topic.1,2 Art Groten had a long- running column in Topi- cal Time highlighting the many cinderella, ephemera and paraphilatelic items that could be added to topi- cal collections and exhibits. Over the years many stamp shows have created and distributed souvenir cinder- ellas in the form of labels, stamp facsimiles, souvenir sheets (s/s), show cards and a variety of other items. Figure 1. Unbeknownst to most collectors is the treasure trove of philatelic material from old Polpex stamp shows. In January 1940 the Polonus [Polish] Philatelic Society held its first philatelic exhibition in Chicago, naming the event Polpex. This initial exhibi- tion exceeded expectations by attracting 36 exhibits with 215 frames, quite a feat for a stamp club that was organized and held its first meeting in February 1939. Except for 1952 and 1967, Polpex was held annually until 2004, when Polonus adopted the practice of convening an annual exhibition and meeting at an APS World Series of Philately Show. In 1940 Polonus members were eagerly looking forward to their initial exhibition, but Poland was at war. To show concern for Poland’s fate, in addition to highlighting the pleasure of collecting the stamps of Poland, Polonus decided to issue a s/s, one that not only commemorated the exhibition but that also portrayed characteristics of Poland’s people, culture and history (Figure 1). -
PDF) 978-3-11-066078-4 E-ISBN (EPUB) 978-3-11-065796-8
The Crisis of the 14th Century Das Mittelalter Perspektiven mediävistischer Forschung Beihefte Herausgegeben von Ingrid Baumgärtner, Stephan Conermann und Thomas Honegger Band 13 The Crisis of the 14th Century Teleconnections between Environmental and Societal Change? Edited by Martin Bauch and Gerrit Jasper Schenk Gefördert von der VolkswagenStiftung aus den Mitteln der Freigeist Fellowship „The Dantean Anomaly (1309–1321)“ / Printing costs of this volume were covered from the Freigeist Fellowship „The Dantean Anomaly 1309-1321“, funded by the Volkswagen Foundation. Die frei zugängliche digitale Publikation wurde vom Open-Access-Publikationsfonds für Monografien der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft gefördert. / Free access to the digital publication of this volume was made possible by the Open Access Publishing Fund for monographs of the Leibniz Association. Der Peer Review wird in Zusammenarbeit mit themenspezifisch ausgewählten externen Gutachterin- nen und Gutachtern sowie den Beiratsmitgliedern des Mediävistenverbands e. V. im Double-Blind-Ver- fahren durchgeführt. / The peer review is carried out in collaboration with external reviewers who have been chosen on the basis of their specialization as well as members of the advisory board of the Mediävistenverband e.V. in a double-blind review process. ISBN 978-3-11-065763-0 e-ISBN (PDF) 978-3-11-066078-4 e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-3-11-065796-8 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. For details go to http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. Library of Congress Control Number: 2019947596 Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de. -
Why Are Suicides So Widespread in Catholic Lithuania?
religions Review Why Are Suicides So Widespread in Catholic Lithuania? Danute˙ Gailiene˙ Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Vilnius, Universiteto 9/1, Vilnius 01513, Lithuania; [email protected] Received: 20 December 2017; Accepted: 27 February 2018; Published: 5 March 2018 Abstract: Religion as a protective factor against suicide was introduced in Durkheim’s theory of suicide and analysed from various perspectives in multiple studies. The Lithuanian case is intriguing because before WWII, along with Catholic Poland, it showed much lower suicide rates than its Protestant neighbours Latvia and Estonia. However, today Lithuania is among the leading countries in terms of the prevalence of suicide. Interestingly, not much has changed in Lithuania in terms of religious denomination—about 80% of population call themselves Catholic. The aim of this article was to explore which factors might have affected religions’ protective function against suicide during radical historical processes. The method of study consists of an analysis of historical sources, and of recent studies in suicidology and sociology of religion about suicide and religion in Lithuania. The results of this analysis show that two factors seem to be most important—heroicizing resistance suicides and experiencing long-term politics of atheisation. Keywords: religion; suicide rates; Lithuania 1. Introduction Religion as a protective factor against suicide was first introduced in Durkheim’s (Durkheim 1979) theory of suicide. He observed that the Protestant countries in Western Europe have higher suicide rates than the Catholic ones and related it to the stronger social cohesion and social integration among Catholics. Since then the association between religion and suicide has been analysed from various perspectives in multiple studies. -
Lithuanian Cinema Special Edition for Lithuanian Film Days in Poland 2015 Lithuanian Cinema Special Edition for Lithuanian Film Days in Poland 2015 Content
Lithuanian Cinema Special Edition for Lithuanian Film Days in Poland 2015 Lithuanian Cinema Special Edition for Lithuanian Film Days in Poland 2015 Content Introduction 5 Lithuania and Poland. Neighbourship in Filmic Form in the Cinema of the 1960s 6 A Short Review of Lithuanian Cinema 12 Feature Film after 1990: Generation Change, New Aspects and Challenges 18 Raimundas Banionis: Film Plots Dictated by Reality 22 Algimantas Puipa: My Work Starts Where the Novel Ends 26 Gytis Lukšas: I Measure My Life in Films 30 Valdas Navasaitis: Everything Is a Private Matter 34 Audrius Juzėnas: Evil Is Not an Abstraction; It Influences Our Destinies 38 Kristijonas Vildžiūnas: Finding Historical Truths 42 Kristina Buožytė: Film Is the Door to a Specific World 46 Ignas Jonynas: I Belong to a Generation Very Rich with Experience 48 Šarūnas Bartas’ Films 52 Šarūnas Bartas: The Philosopher of Lithuanian Cinema 54 Jonas Mekas’ Diary Films 60 Documentary Film after 1990 64 Audrius Stonys: Showing the Invisible 70 Arūnas Matelis: Films Emerge from Sensations 74 Janina Lapinskaitė: Heroes Carry Their Sadness Along with Them 78 Julija and Rimantas Gruodis: We Are Trying to Walk on the Bright Side of Life 82 Giedrė Žickytė: Film Is an Emotion 86 Index 89 Introduction ver the past decade, Lithuanian cinema of Lithuanian filmmakers is also pursuing new has experienced a period of intense opportunities and original forms of expression. change. The production of films in Films by such female film directors as Alantė OLithuania has been on the increase, as has the Kavaitė, Kristina Buožytė and Giedrė Žickytė audience’s interest in films produced domestically.