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Gabriel Nickolas Cazotto Dissertação.Pdf UNIVERSIDADE PRESBITERIANA MACKENZIE GABRIEL NICKOLAS CAZOTTO O IMPACTO ECONÔMICO DO FUTEBOL NO CENÁRIO GLOBAL: UM ESTUDO SOBRE A FIFA DE 1990 A 2018 São Paulo 2018 GABRIEL NICKOLAS CAZOTTO O IMPACTO ECONÔMICO DO FUTEBOL NO CENÁRIO GLOBAL: UM ESTUDO SOBRE A FIFA DE 1990 A 2018 Dissertação apresentada ao Centro de Ciências Sociais Aplicadas da Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie como requisito parcial à obtenção de título de Mestre em Economia e Mercados. ORIENTADOR: Prof. Dr. Mauricio Fronzaglia São Paulo 2018 C386i Cazotto, Gabriel Nickolas. O impacto econômico do futebol no cenário global: um estudo sobre a FIFA de 1990 a 2018 / Gabriel Nickolas Cazotto – 2018. 76 f. : il. ; 30 cm. Dissertação (Mestrado Profissional em Economia e Mercados) - Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, São Paulo, 2018. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Maurício Fronzaglia Bibliografia: f. 68-76. 1. Economia do futebol. 2. FIFA. 3. Economia da copa do mundo. 4. Nacionalismo no futebol. 5. Governança internacional. I. Título. CDD 657.9 Bibliotecário Responsável: Silvania W. Martins – CRB 8/ 7282 GABRIEL NICKOLAS CAZOTTO O IMPACTO ECONÔMICO DO FUTEBOL NO CENÁRIO GLOBAL: UM ESTUDO SOBRE A FIFA DE 1990 A 2018 Dissertação apresentada ao Centro de Ciências Sociais Aplicadas da Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie como requisito parcial à obtenção de título de Mestre em Economia e Mercados. Aprovado em: BANCA EXAMINADORA Às minhas avós: Angelina e Lebina por verem o início da minha caminhada para me tornar mestre, por aqui, e observarem o final do céu. AGRADECIMENTOS Agradeço principalmente aos meus pais: Dirceu e Aparecida, que sempre estiveram comigo nesta empreitada. Ao meu orientador e amigo Prof. Dr. Maurício Fronzaglia por toda a paciência e ajuda na elaboração do trabalho. Ao Prof. Dr. Joaquim Carlos Racy pelas importantes anotações de melhorias do trabalho. A todo o excelente corpo docente do Mestrado em Economia do Mackenzie. Aos meus amigos e familiares, sem os quais eu não teria a vontade de ser um Mestre: Sônia, Gabriel, Tadeu, Marcelo, Eric, Sérgio, José Vinícius, Sasha; Alessandra e Sanlay, André e Alyne; Tiago e Fernanda; Leonardo e Thoti; Auriluci e Fábio; Júlio e Juliana. Ao meu amigo da vida: Dr. Estevão. Aos Mestres que conheci na vida como professor e que me agregaram muita coisa profissional e pessoalmente: Rosana Matsushita e José Carlos Merito. Aos que infelizmente já se foram: Lebina, Angelina, Armando e Thiago. A Deus, em qualquer religião ou sagrado que você, leitor, há de acreditar. E por fim, à minha melhor amiga: Giselle. O futebol não é uma questão de vida ou de morte. É muito mais importante que isso (Shankly, Bill). RESUMO Esta dissertação tem como principal objetivo estudar o impacto econômico do futebol no cenário internacional, principalmente através da Copa do Mundo. A pesquisa concentra-se na atuação econômica e política da FIFA, desde suas origens até o momento atual. O estudo abrange a sua legalidade jurídica, sua atuação no contexto da governança internacional e a movimentação financeira que o futebol traz dentro de diversos setores da economia mundial. Finalizando com o impacto que a organização da Copa do Mundo causou na infraestrutura, na movimentação turística e no crescimento marginal do PIB tanto nos dois últimos países-sede, África do Sul e Brasil, quanto nas expectativas para a Rússia. O trabalho também observa a questão do ganho de receitas da FIFA durante os últimos quinze anos, como as regras de filiação de novos países sofrem a influência do nacionalismo e as consequências geopolíticas ao se associarem à FIFA. Palavras-chave: Economia do futebol. FIFA. Economia da Copa do Mundo. Nacionalismo no futebol. Governança internacional. ABSTRACT This thesis has as main objective to study the economic impact of football in the international scenario, mainly through the World Cup. This research focuses on the economic and political acting of FIFA, since its origins to the present. The study covers its juridical legality, its performance in the context of international governance and the financial movement that football brings within various sectors of the world economy. Finishing with the impact that the organization of the World Cup causes as much on the infrastructure, tourist movement and marginal growth of the GDP in the last two host countries, South Africa and Brazil, as the expectations for Russia tournament. The study also observes the question of FIFA's earning of revenue over the last fifteen years and how the rules of affiliation of new countries are influenced by nationalism and the geopolitical consequences of joining FIFA. Keywords: Football economics. FIFA. World Cup economics. Nationalism in football. International governance. LISTA DE FIGURAS Figura 1 – Parceiros e stakeholders da FIFA ao longo das Copas do Mundo de 1982 a 2018. ........................................................................................................................................... 20 Figura 2 – As bases da “Boa Governança”, segundo Sheng. ................................................... 21 Figura 3 – Número de países-membros da FIFA por Confederação. ....................................... 24 Figura 4 – Lista de presidentes da FIFA desde a sua criação. .................................................. 30 Figura 5 – Evolução do número de países filiados à FIFA desde sua criação. ....................... 31 Figura 6 – Organograma da FIFA ............................................................................................ 34 Figura 7 – A evolução do número de filiados no congresso da FIFA por confederação. ........ 35 Figura 8 – Evolução das receitas das 5 maiores ligas europeias de 2006 a 2018. .................... 48 Figura 9 – Fees das redes televisivas para as cinco principais ligas Europeias em 2016/2017. ........................................................................................................................................... 49 Figura 10 – Evolução dos lucros das Copas do Mundo de 1986 a 2018 –US$ Bilhões. .......... 52 Figura 11 - Participação (%) das receitas e custos da Copa do Mundo no quadriênio da FIFA - base 2014. .............................................................................................................. 53 Figura 12 - Evolução dos custos das Copas do Mundo de 1994 a 2018 – US$ Bilhões. ......... 54 Figura 13 – Market-share das empresas esportivas no Mundial de 2014 no Brasil. ................ 56 Figura 14 – Market-share das empresas esportivas no Mundial de 2018 na Rússia. ............... 57 Figura 15 – Evolução das receitas das Copas do Mundo de 1986 a 2026 –US$ Bilhões. ....... 58 Figura 16 – Evolução da entrada de turistas de dois anos anteriores ao Mundial até dois anos após o Mundial – Var. (%) ano a ano. ................................................................... 59 Figura 17 – Evolução do PIB de dois anos anteriores ao Mundial até dois anos após o Mundial – Var. (%) ano a ano. .............................................................................. 60 Figura 18 – Evolução das receitas da FIFA nos últimos 15 anos – US$ Bilhões. ................... 63 SUMÁRIO INTRODUÇÃO ...................................................................................................................... 13 2 REFERENCIAL TEÓRICO .............................................................................................. 15 2.1 A FIFA DENTRO DAS RELAÇÕES INTERNACIONAIS ............................................. 15 2.1.1 A governança internacional ......................................................................................... 16 2.1.2 As diferenças entre a velha e a nova governança ........................................................ 17 2.1.3 A visão do enquadramento da FIFA dentro da questão da governança internacional .......................................................................................................................... 18 2.2 A FIFA DENTRO DO DIREITO INTERNACIONAL ..................................................... 22 3 HISTÓRIA, FORMAÇÃO POLÍTICA E ESTATUTO DA FIFA ................................. 25 3.1 A HISTÓRIA DA FIFA ..................................................................................................... 25 3.1.1 O início do futebol e a criação da FIFA ....................................................................... 25 3.1.2 Os anos 1920 e 1930, com a criação da Copa do Mundo FIFA .................................. 27 3.1.3 O período entre guerras ................................................................................................ 28 3.1.4 O pós-guerra, João Havelange e o crescimento de filiados na FIFA ........................... 29 3.1.5 A globalização, os casos de corrupção na FIFA e o cenário atual ............................... 32 3.2 A ESTRUTURA DA FIFA ................................................................................................ 33 3.2.1 O congresso .................................................................................................................. 34 3.2.2 O conselho ................................................................................................................... 36 3.2.3 A secretaria geral ......................................................................................................... 38 3.2.4 Os demais comitês ....................................................................................................... 38 3.3 DIRETRIZES PARA A FILIAÇÃO NA FIFA .................................................................
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