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Nomenclature of the European Species of Neoascia Williston (Diptera: Syrphidae)

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Nomenclature of the European Species of Neoascia Williston (Diptera: Syrphidae) Nomenclature of the European species of Neoascia Williston (Diptera: Syrphidae) F. CHRISTIAN THOMPSON tnt. SCcinCl. Thompson, F. C. Nomenclature of the European species of Neoascia Meigen (Diptera: Syrphidae). Ent. scand. 12: 470-478. Lund, Sweden 15 Decmeber 1981. ISSN 0013-8711. The nomenclature of the European Neoascia species is reviewed. Previously unrecognized senior synonyms are brought forward for the nomenclaturally confused species: annexa Miiller forfloralis of authors, not Meigen; meticulosa Scopoli for dispar andaenea Meigen; and tenur Harris for dispar of authors, not Meigen. Sphegina clavata (Scopoli) is recog- nized as the senior synonym for nigra Meigen and verecunda Collin. F. C. Thompson, Syst. Ent. Lab., SEA, USDA, c/o U.S. Nat. Mus. NHB-168, Washing- ton, D.C. 20560 USA. The names and identities of some of the com- Art. 12 of the, International Code of Zoological monest European species of Neoascia have been Nomenclature). These descriptions, especially confused. Lundbeck (1916) was first to correctly those associated with older names, are frequent- delimit and fix the names of the species, dispar ly inadequate for positive identification, but they Meigen and floralis Meigen. Collin (1940), while do provide the only evidence for assigning their accepting Lundbeck's species definitions, dis- associated names. agreed with his application of the Meigen names. Hence, confusion arose; some authors have fol- Names can ge grouped according to their as- lowed Lundbeck and others Collin. All names sociated descriptions (or absence of one), into applicable to the European species of Neoascia four classes as follows: are reviewed. Each name is discussed individual- Nomina perfecta: Names applicable to a particu- ly and in alphabetical order. A summary sy- lar taxon, that is, the associated description nonymy is given for each valid name. This sy- "perfectly" defines its taxon; nonymy also identifies the usage in various keys Nomina imperfecta: Names applicable to more to the European Neoascia species. Unused than one taxon, that is, the associated descrip- senior synonyms are brought forward for those tion "imperfectly" defines its taxon; species which have had a confused nomen- Nomina incognita: Names not applicable to any clatural history. known taxon, that is, the associated description My approach to nomenclatural problems, defines an "unknown" taxon (or taxa); and which may appear unorthodox to some, has been Nomina nuda: Names without descriptions. explained elsewhere (Thompson 1980). Briefly, the Law of Priority is considered to be the prin- The treatment of names is rather uniform ciple of nomenclature and the basis for stability: except those of the class Nomina imperfecta. Old names are to be used, not ignored. Where Nomina perfecta are considered valid on the type specimens of names exist, they should be basis of synonymy and priority. Nomina incog- studied and their names applied accordingly. nita are ignored or listed as nomina dubia or Where type specimens no longer exist, their incertae sedis. Nomina nuda are not available names must be resolved on the basis of their and, thus, are not part of Zoological Nomencla- descriptions (here used in the broad sense of ture. Nomina imperfecta are treated differently "descriptions, definitions or indications" as per accordingly to their usage. Some nomina imper- Entomologica scandinavica (DIPT 041). Purchased by United States Department ■>t Agriculture for Official use. ENT. SCAND. VOL. 12 (1981) Nomenclature of European Neoascia Williston 471 fecta are considered valid when they have been date of Zoological Nomenclature (1758). I have defined by tradition, whereas others are ignored carefully checked the few publications contain- as nomina dubia. For example, the name per- ing Diptera names that occur in the five-year tinax Scopoli has been used for an Eristalis spe- period and feel certain that no older Sphegina cies with bright orange front tarsi ever since names exist. For the 59-year period between Schiner (1856:417) resurrected the name from 1763 and 1822, I am not as certain to whether synonymy with Eristalis tenax (Linnaeus) (Rossi Sphegina names older than nigra Meigen exist 1790: 282). As Scopoli (1763: 352) did not de- and, thereby, potentially, could upset nomen- scribe the characteristic orange front tarsi, there clatural stability again. The time span is much is doubt ("grave doubts" Verrall 1901a: 514) greater in the cases of the Neoascia names dis- whether the name pertinax has been correctly cussed here. identified. Its original description could apply to other Eristalis species (nemorum Linnaeus, pratorum Meigen, etc.). Another example is the name clavata Scopoli which has never been used since its validation. When the name appeared in Summary synonymy the literature, it was listed as a questionable synonym of Neoascia podagrica (Fabricius). Neoascia Williston Scopoli clearly described a teneral specimen of annexa (Miiller, 1776) NEW STATUS the genus Sphegina, but which of the four com- bifasciata Schrank, 1776 NEW SYNONYM mon Austrian species he described is not certain. dizonias Gmelin, 1790 Thus pertinax is a nomen imperfection consid- floralis of Sack 1929; Collin 1940; Seguy 1961; ered as valid and defined by tradition, and cla- Pedersen 1971 vata is a nomen imperfectum ignored as a nomen geniculata (Meigen, 1822) dubium. interrupta (Meigen, 1822) littoralis Zetterstedt, 1843 What has been said above about names and meticulosa (Scopoli, 1763) NEW STATUS their treatment is accurate and non-controver- crassipes Schrank, 1785 NEW SYNONYM sial. The actions taken in this paper, however, dispar Meigen, 1822 NEW SYNONYM may be considered controversial, as I have aenea Meigen, 1822 NEW SYNONYM brought forward previously unused and unrec- nitidula Meigen, 1822 ognized names for four of the most common and hastata Meigen, 1822 best known European species of Neoascia and dispar of Lundbeck 1916; Sack 1929 (in part); Sphegina. Examination of the types of the names Seguy 1961 (in part) currently considered valid revealed that these aenea of Collin 1940; Coe 1953; Stackelberg names have been misapplied and were invalid. 1955, 1970; Hippa 1967a; Pedersen 1971 As name changes were required, I opted to use nitidula of Sack 1929 old names on what some may consider weak obliqua Coe, 1940 grounds because the identification of the names podagrica of Sack 1929 (in part) used on the basis of their descriptions may be petsamoensis Kanervo, 1934 rather dubious. Another alternative would be to podagrica (Fabricius, 1775) change to the oldest names supported by types molio Harris, 1780 or exact descriptions. I opted for the oldest floralis Meigen, 1822 NEW SYNONYM probable names as they are intrinsically more lanceolata Meigen, 1822 stable (because of their greater age) and the maculata Macquart, 1829 grounds for their use are no more dubious than lunifasciata Strobl, 1898 those for some names now in use (v. s., Eristalis tenur (Harris, 1780) pertinax example). For example, in changing quadripunctata Meigen, 1822 Sphegina verecunda Collin, 1937 to clavata bifasciata Zetterstedt, 1838 (Scopoli, 1763) instead of nigra Meigen, 1822 lapponica Kanervo, 1934 greater stability has been achieved. The Scopoli splendida Kanervo, 1934 name is only five years later than the starting dispar of Sack 1929 (in part); Collin 1940; Coe 472 F. Christian Thompson ENT. SCAND. VOL. 12 (1981) 1953; Stackelberg 1955, 1970; Seguy 1961 (in clearly applies to a two-banded Neoascia species part); Andersson 1966; Pedersen 1971 ("M. annexa glabra, abdomine elongato nigro, floralis of Lundbeck 1916 fasciis duabus pedibusque luteis; posticis nigro annulatis. * +Femora posticorum vel clavatae, Other names discussed vel tibiae arcuatae sunt; an mera varietasT' (of Musca elongata Muller, which is Sepsis Paragus tibialis (Fallen, 1817) cynipsea (L.) (New Synonym))). The reference analis Macquart, 1839 NEW SYNONYM to elongata, a sepsid, fixes the size and general Sphegina clavata (Scopoli, 1763) NEW STATUS habitus; the colour characters and hind leg shape nigra Meigen, 1822 NEW SYNONYM restricts the name to floralis of Collin. Due to the verecunda Collin, 1939 NEW SYNONYM confusion associated with the name floralis Mei- Sepsis cynipsea (Linnaeus, 1758) gen and its interpretation, annexa, which has elongata Muller, 1776 NEW SYNONYM priority, is here used. bicincta Stephens, 1829: 280 (Ascia). Bicincta is a catalog name, a nomen nudum. Review of Neoascia names bifasciata Schrank, 1776: 95, pi. 3, Fig. 21 aenea Meigen, 1822: 191 (Ascia. Type-locality: (abdomen) (Musca. Type-locality: Austria, Linz. Types lost). Bifasciata is not a synonym of Epi- Austria & France. Lectotype, Female, MNHN, strophe eligans as listed by Bezzi & Stein (1907: Paris).' Aenea is represented by a single female 61), but refers to a Neoascia species. The double type in the Meigen Collection (No. 1136) which unbroken abdominal bands restrict the name to is here designated lectotype. This is a specimen annexa Muller. Bifasciata Schrank is a junior of meticulosa Scopoli; this name herein is pro- primary homonym, Fabricius (1775) having used posed as the senior synonym for both aenea the name before. Dizonias Gmelin was proposed Meigen and dispar Meigen. Collin (1940: 151) as a replacement name (1790: 2880). recognized aenea Meigen as a junior synonym of dispar Meigen. bifasciata Zetterstedt, 1838: 583 (Ascia. Type-lo- analis Macquart, 1839: 109 G4.sc/a. Type-locality: cality: Finland, Lapponia Kemensis, Muo- Canary Islands. Type(s), male(s), MNHN, nioniska. Lectotype, male, ZI, Lund). Anders- Paris). Analis was listed as a questionable syno- son (1966: 178) studied Zetterstedt's types and nym of floralis by Bezzi & Stein (1907: 85) and as designated a lectotype for bifasciata. Andersson a valid species by Sack (1929: 124). The name identified the lectotype as a specimen of the applies to a species of Paragus (Pandasyopthal- species here called tenur Harris. Zetterstedt's mus). Only two species of that subgenus occur in name is a junior secondary homonym, Schrank the Canary Islands, from whence analis was de- (1776) having used the name before. scribed (coadunatus Rondani, 1847 and tibialis bipunctata Curtis, 1837: 250 (Ascia).
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