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Review of American Species/Country Combinations Subject to Long-Standing Import Suspensions

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Review of American Species/Country Combinations Subject to Long-Standing Import Suspensions Review of American species/country combinations subject to long-standing import suspensions (Version edited for public release) SRG 55 Prepared for the European Commission Directorate General Environment ENV.E.2. – Environmental Agreements and Trade by the United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre February, 2011 UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre PREPARED FOR 219 Huntingdon Road Cambridge The European Commission, Brussels, Belgium CB3 0DL United Kingdom Tel: +44 (0) 1223 277314 DISCLAIMER Fax: +44 (0) 1223 277136 The contents of this report do not necessarily reflect Email: [email protected] the views or policies of UNEP or contributory Website: www.unep-wcmc.org organisations. The designations employed and the ABOUT UNEP-WORLD CONSERVATION presentations do not imply the expressions of any MONITORING CENTRE opinion whatsoever on the part of UNEP, the European Commission or contributory The UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre organisations concerning the legal status of any (UNEP-WCMC), based in Cambridge, UK, is the country, territory, city or area or its authority, or specialist biodiversity information and assessment concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or centre of the United Nations Environment boundaries. Programme (UNEP), run cooperatively with WCMC, a UK charity. The Centre's mission is to evaluate and highlight the many values of © Copyright: 2011, European Commission biodiversity and put authoritative biodiversity knowledge at the centre of decision-making. Through the analysis and synthesis of global biodiversity knowledge the Centre provides authoritative, strategic and timely information for conventions, countries and organisations to use in the development and implementation of their policies and decisions. The UNEP-WCMC provides objective and scientifically rigorous procedures and services. These include ecosystem assessments, support for the implementation of environmental agreements, global and regional biodiversity information, research on threats and impacts, and the development of future scenarios. CITATION UNEP-WCMC. 2011. Review of American species/country combinations subject to long-standing import suspensions. SRG. UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge. 2 Introduction SRG Table of Contents 1. Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 4 2. Species reviews ........................................................................................................................ 5 SPECIES: Callithrix geoffroyi ...................................................................................................... 5 SPECIES: Amazona autumnalis ................................................................................................ 10 SPECIES: Ara chloropterus ........................................................................................................ 14 SPECIES: Ara severus ................................................................................................................. 19 SPECIES: Aratinga acuticaudata ............................................................................................... 22 SPECIES: Cyanoliseus patagonus ............................................................................................. 25 SPECIES: Deroptyus accipitrinus ............................................................................................. 29 SPECIES: Triclaria malachitacea ........................................................................................... 32 SPECIES: Caiman crocodilus ..................................................................................................... 37 SPECIES: Heloderma suspectum .............................................................................................. 56 SPECIES: Iguana iguana ............................................................................................................ 65 SPECIES: Boa constrictor ........................................................................................................... 76 SPECIES: Eunectes murinus ...................................................................................................... 89 SPECIES: Podocnemis unifilis ................................................................................................... 93 SPECIES: Chelonoidis denticulata ............................................................................................ 97 ANNEX I. Full version of large trade tables ........................................................................... 101 ANNEX II. Purpose and Source Codes .................................................................................... 109 3 Introduction SRG 1. Introduction Article 4.6(b) import suspensions for some species/country combinations have been in place for a relatively long time. It was agreed that a review of such import suspensions be undertaken in order to determine whether or not they are still appropriate. Species subject to long-standing import suspensions from Madagascar and Indonesia were reviewed at the 49th and 50th meetings of the SRG and recommendations to remove 11 and 24 import suspensions respectively, were agreed. An overview of trade in a further 323 species/country combinations subject to EC import suspensions formed in 2001 or earlier (but not subject to trade suspensions formed through CITES processes) was presented at SRG 51, and the SRG agreed to the removal of 184 of these import suspensions, based on the current or anticipated levels of trade. The remaining 139 species/country combinations were suggested for in-depth review by the SRG, to determine whether the listing in the Suspensions Regulations may still be warranted. An SRG 52 document presented in-depth reviews for the African mammal and bird species/country combinations and an SRG 53 document for the African reptile species/country combinations, for which the SRG agreed to the removal of 28 and 8 import suspensions, respectively, from the EC Suspensions Regulations. In-depth reviews for the remaining Asian species/country combinations, originally produced for SRG 54, will be discussed at SRG 55. This report presents in-depth reviews for the American species/country combinations. 4 Callithrix geoffroyi 2. Species reviews REVIEW OF AMERICAN SPECIES/COUNTRY COMBINATIONS SUBJECT TO LONG-STANDING IMPORT SUSPENSIONS MAMMALIA CEBIDAE SPECIES: Callithrix geoffroyi SYNONYMS: Callithrix jacchus geoffroyi COMMON NAMES: Witbuikpenseelaap (Dutch), Geoffroy's Tufted-ear Marmoset (English), White-fronted Marmoset (English), Ouistiti de Geoffroy (French), Tití de caba blanca (Spanish), Geoffroys silkesapa (Swedish) RANGE STATES: Brazil RANGE STATE UNDER REVIEW: Brazil IUCN RED LIST: Least Concern PREVIOUS EC OPINIONS: Current Article 4.6(b) suspension for wild specimens from Brazil first applied on 22/12/1997 and last confirmed on 26/11/2010. TRADE PATTERNS: As the only confirmed range State of the species, Brazil was the only direct exporter of wild-sourced Callithrix geoffroyi 1977-2009. Brazil has never published export quotas for the species. According to exporter-reported figures, nearly all global direct exports of C. geoffroyi from all countries 2000-2009 consisted of live individuals, 7 per cent of which were wild-sourced, the remainder being captive-bred or captive-born (totalling 65 live, source C and F individuals, of which 22 were imported by the EU-27). All trade from Brazil to the EU-27 1977-2009 was in live, captive-bred individuals (Table 1), consisting of 92 individuals (as reported by Brazil) and four individuals (as reported by the importers). There were no indirect exports to the EU-27 of C. geoffroyi originating in Brazil 1977-2009. Direct exports of C. geoffroyi from Brazil to countries other than the EU-27 mainly consisted of live animals 1977-2009 (Table 2). The main importer was Thailand. According to exporter-reported figures, 85 per cent of live exports were of captive-bred individuals. There have been no reported exports of wild-sourced C. geoffroyi to countries other than the EU-27 since 2001. 5 Callithrix geoffroyi Table 1. Direct exports of Callithrix geoffroyi from Brazil to the EU-27, 1977-2009. All trade involved live, captive-bred individuals. Importer Purpose Reported by 1991 1992 1993 1995 2004 2007 Total Czech Republic T Importer 2 2 Exporter 2 2 France T Importer Exporter 2 2 Z Importer 2 2 Exporter Netherlands T Importer Exporter 20 42 10 12 84 Z Importer Exporter 2 2 Spain P Importer Exporter 2 2 Subtotals Importer 2 2 4 Exporter 22 42 12 12 2 2 92 Table 2. Direct exports of Callithrix geoffroyi from Brazil to countries other than the EU-27, 1977-2009. Term Purpose Source Reported by 1992 1993 1994 1997 1998 2000 2001 2005 2006 2007 2008 Total hair S C Importer Exporter 20 20 live B C Importer 8 8 Exporter S W Importer Exporter 5 5 T C Importer 4 8 8 11 31 Exporter 4 5 10 4 8 31 W Importer 5 5 Exporter Z C Importer 5 5 Exporter 3 3 C Importer 4 5 8 8 8 11 44 Exporter 4 3 5 10 4 8 34 Subtotals (live) W Importer 5 5 Exporter 5 5 TAXONOMIC NOTE: Hybrids of C. geoffroyi and C. flaviceps were reported to be found in southern Espírito Santo and south-east Minas Gerais and hybrids of C. penicillata and C. geoffroyi were reported to have been observed in some parts of the Serra da Piedade, along the Rio Piracicaba (Rylands and Mendes, 2008; Rylands et al., 2009). 6 Callithrix geoffroyi CONSERVATION STATUS in range states Brazil: Callithrix
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