Islamists with Direct Ties to Terrorists Lobby Congress Cynthia Farahat
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Israeli–Palestinian Peacemaking January 2019 Middle East and North the Role of the Arab States Africa Programme
Briefing Israeli–Palestinian Peacemaking January 2019 Middle East and North The Role of the Arab States Africa Programme Yossi Mekelberg Summary and Greg Shapland • The positions of several Arab states towards Israel have evolved greatly in the past 50 years. Four of these states in particular – Saudi Arabia, Egypt, the UAE and (to a lesser extent) Jordan – could be influential in shaping the course of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. • In addition to Egypt and Jordan (which have signed peace treaties with Israel), Saudi Arabia and the UAE, among other Gulf states, now have extensive – albeit discreet – dealings with Israel. • This evolution has created a new situation in the region, with these Arab states now having considerable potential influence over the Israelis and Palestinians. It also has implications for US positions and policy. So far, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, the UAE and Jordan have chosen not to test what this influence could achieve. • One reason for the inactivity to date may be disenchantment with the Palestinians and their cause, including the inability of Palestinian leaders to unite to promote it. However, ignoring Palestinian concerns will not bring about a resolution of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, which will continue to add to instability in the region. If Arab leaders see regional stability as being in their countries’ interests, they should be trying to shape any eventual peace plan advanced by the administration of US President Donald Trump in such a way that it forms a framework for negotiations that both Israeli and Palestinian leaderships can accept. Israeli–Palestinian Peacemaking: The Role of the Arab States Introduction This briefing forms part of the Chatham House project, ‘Israel–Palestine: Beyond the Stalemate’. -
How Boko Haram Became the Islamic State's West Africa
HOW BOKO HARAM BECAME THE ISLAMIC STATE’S WEST AFRICA PROVINCE J. Peter Pham ven before it burst into the headlines with its brazen April 2014 abduction of nearly three hundred schoolgirls from the town of Chibok in Nigeria’s northeast- Eern Borno State, sparking an unprecedented amount of social media communica- tion in the process, the Nigerian militant group Boko Haram had already distinguished itself as one of the fastest evolving of its kind, undergoing several major transformations in just over half a decade. In a very short period of time, the group went from being a small militant band focused on localized concerns and using relatively low levels of violence to a significant terrorist organization with a clearer jihadist ideology to a major insurgency seizing and holding large swathes of territory that was dubbed “the most deadly terrorist group in the world” by the Institute for Economics and Peace, based on the sheer number of deaths it caused in 2014.1 More recently, Boko Haram underwent another evolution with its early 2015 pledge of allegiance to the Islamic State and its subsequent rebranding as the “Islamic State West Africa Province” (ISWAP). The ideological, rhetorical, and operational choices made by Boko shifted consider- ably in each of these iterations, as did its tactics. Indeed the nexus between these three elements—ideology, rhetoric, and operations—is the key to correctly interpreting Boko Haram’s strategic objectives at each stage in its evolution, and to eventually countering its pursuit of these goals. Boko Haram 1.0 The emergence of the militant group that would become known as Boko Haram cannot be understood without reference to the social, religious, economic, and political milieu of J. -
Intelligence Assessment HAMAS Sympathizers
Jon S. Corzine UNCLASSIFIED/LAW ENFORCEMENT SENSITIVE Richard L. Cañas Governor JULY 24, 2008 Director Office of Homeland Security & Preparedness Intelligence Assessment HAMAS Sympathizers in New Jersey: Supporting Terrorism Abroad Key Findings • HAMAS, a terrorist group based in the Gaza Strip, West Bank and Syria, draws financial backing from supporters and sympathizers in New Jersey. • HAMAS has no known operational capabilities in New Jersey. • HAMAS supporters engage in both legal and illegal methods of fundraising in New Jersey and globally. • Pro-HAMAS propaganda being disseminated in New Jersey could spur violence by local “homegrown” or “lone wolf” extremists. Background The Palestinian statehood issue remains a popular and unifying cause throughout the Arab and Islamic world, and a high agenda item for militant jihadists. HAMAS is one of the principal terrorist groups involved in this conflict and uses violence in the form of terrorism to further its cause. The organization has long been designated by the US Department of State as a terrorist group. According to the State Department’s 2007 “Country Reports on Terrorism,” HAMAS receives funding from Iran, sympathetic supporters in Arab countries, and from the Palestinian diaspora around the world, including in the United States.i HAMAS, acronymic for Harakat Al-Muqawama Al-Islamia, which translates in English as the Islamic Resistance Movement, is the Palestinian branch of the Muslim Brotherhood (Ikhwan).ii It was founded in 1987 by Sheik Ahmad Yasin and considers itself a “nationalistic religious” movement.iii HAMAS’ basic tenets include liberating all of pre-Israel “Palestine” through jihad and imposing rule by Shari’a (Islamic) law.iv Over the years, the group has firmly embedded itself amongst the Palestinian people, providing them with basic social services and leading the military charge against Israel, both efforts which have earned HAMAS a strong indigenous constituency and group longevity. -
Donald Trump, the Changes: Aanti
Ethnic and Racial Studies ISSN: 0141-9870 (Print) 1466-4356 (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rers20 Donald Trump, the anti-Muslim far right and the new conservative revolution Ed Pertwee To cite this article: Ed Pertwee (2020): Donald Trump, the anti-Muslim far right and the new conservative revolution, Ethnic and Racial Studies, DOI: 10.1080/01419870.2020.1749688 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2020.1749688 © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group Published online: 17 Apr 2020. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 193 View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=rers20 ETHNIC AND RACIAL STUDIES https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2020.1749688 Donald Trump, the anti-Muslim far right and the new conservative revolution Ed Pertwee Department of Sociology, London School of Economics, London, UK ABSTRACT This article explores the “counter-jihad”, a transnational field of anti-Muslim political action that emerged in the mid-2000s, becoming a key tributary of the recent far- right insurgency and an important influence on the Trump presidency. The article draws on thematic analysis of content from counter-jihad websites and interviews with movement activists, sympathizers and opponents, in order to characterize the counter-jihad’s organizational infrastructure and political discourse and to theorize its relationship to fascism and other far-right tendencies. Although the political discourses of the counter-jihad, Trumpian Republicanism and the avowedly racist “Alt-Right” are not identical, I argue that all three tendencies share a common, counterrevolutionary temporal structure. -
ISRAELI TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE to AFRICA a Thesis ,Presented In
ISRAELI TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TO AFRICA A Thesis ,Presented in Partial Fulfill.rn.ent of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts }f y Elton Roger Trent, B.A. and B.S. in Ed. The Ohio State University 196L Approved by FOREWARD I became interested in the problems of underdeveloped nations .and territories in the course, Africa and the Western World in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries, given by Professor Lowell Ragatz, and pursued the subject fu:".'ther in The Middle East Since 1914, taught by Professor Sydney Fisher. At the latter 1 s suggestion, I began searching for materials on Israel 1 s tech~ical assistance to Africa and became much engrossed in it. When one reads widely on this subject, several questions come to mind. Why, for example, did Israel, a small, newly inde pendent nation, offer assistance to tbs new nations and territories of Africa? On the other hand, why did such African nations accept this aid so readily? What were the reactions of the Arab nations? Of the West? Of the Sino-Soviet Bloc? Of underdeveloped nations in general? Of Israel? What will be Israel's future in "Black Africa"? Data will be presented and conclusions drawn in answer to each of these questions. November JO, 1964 Elton R. Trent ii CONTEN'l'S Page FOREWARD . ii Chapter I THE HISTORICAL B~CKGRODND . 1 II A MISSION OF GOODWILL • • . 28 III HOMA.NISM OR Jl1PERIALISM ? . 56 CONCLUSIONS •• . 81 APPENDIX . • • . 93 BIBLIOOMPHY . .. 95 if t CR<\.PTER I The Historical Background In order properly to understand present Israeli assistance to the newly-independent African states, it is necessary to trace the his torical development of the Jewish and African nations and to sketch some of the major problems encountered by each. -
Curriculum Vitae
BOSTON COLLEGE CURRICULUM VITAE Franck Salameh Professor of Near Eastern Studies Department Chair Department of Slavic and Eastern Languages and Literatures Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations Lyons Hall 210 140 Commonwealth Avenue Chestnut Hill, MA. 02467-3804 Office: 617-552-3915 Fax: 617-552-3913 [email protected] EDUCATION Ph.D. Brandeis University, Waltham, MA. 2004 Department of Near Eastern and Judaic Studies Field: Islamic and Middle Eastern Studies, History of Ideas and Political Thought in the Modern Middle East. Dissertation: Inventing Lebanon; Lebanonism in the Poetry and Thought of Saïd Akl. Advisor: Avigdor Levy Committee: Avigdor Levy, Itzhak Nakkash, Walid Phares M.A. Boston University, Boston, MA. 1996 Department of International Relations Field: Modern Middle East and Civil Society. Thesis: Islam, Ethnicity, and the Question of Minorities in the Middle East; The Case of Greek Orthodox and Maronites. Advisor: Augustus Richard Norton Committee: Agustus Richard Norton, Farhang Mehr, Uri Ra’anan 1 B.A. University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL. 1986 Department of Political Science Concentration: Latin American Studies, Minor in French Literature. Baccalauréat Collège Saint-Joseph, Antoura, Mount-Lebanon. 1981 Baccalauréat d’Études Secondaires French and Arabic Literature, Séction Philosophie, (Série A), Concentration: Philosophy, and French & Arabic Belles Lettres. ACADEMIC APPOINTMENTS 2004-Present Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA Department of Slavic and Eastern Languages and Literatures & Program in Near Eastern Languages -
«An Overview of Syrian Crisis - the Establishment of Islamic State- UN’S Response»
Master’s Degree in International Public Administration «An overview of Syrian Crisis - The establishment of Islamic State- UN’s response». Post Graduate Student: Michail Konstantoudis Supervisor: Assistant Professor Kalliopi Chainoglou April 2019 1 Abstract The dissertation deals with the civil war in Syria, which has been raging in the country in recent years. A civil war, which has a catalytic effect on the wider region of the Middle East, and wants to take up this issue, which is very important by itself. During the dissertation, information was collected about the Syrian state in general, its relations with neighboring countries, and in particular how we came to this civil war and the aspirations of the country's president through this ongoing conflict. The data were collected from the international articles in official journals, newspapers and various other websites, evaluated and processed and we came up with what is considered the most important and will be the main body of the conclusions. The dissertation also analyzes the establishment of ISIS during this conflict and the impact this caliphate had to the region. Lastly, the response of United Nations and the efforts that were made to resolve the crisis is highlighted. 2 Table of Contents Pages Introduction 4-5 Purpose 6 Chapter 1: The crisis Road to crisis 6-13 External drivers of Syrian Conflict 13-26 Internal drivers of Syrian Conflict 27-29 Chapter 2: The Islamic State The rise of Islamic State 29-30 Ideology – general characteristics 30-33 The "schism" with al-Qaida 33-34 The allies of ISIS 34-35 The rise and fall of ISIS 35-37 Chapter 3: United Nations response The Security Council and World Peace 38-48 Peace talks 48-50 Efforts of UN bodies 50-56 Conclusions 56-57 Bibliography 58-63 3 Introduction SYRIA (HISTORY - GENERAL INFORMATION) Syria is a Middle East country that stretches between the Euphrates River, the Arab Desert and the Mediterranean Sea. -
View / Open Campbell Oregon 0171N 12919.Pdf
CONSTRUCTING JERUSALEM: A PALESTINIAN DIGITAL DISCOURSE by IAN LAWRENCE CAMPBELL A THESIS Presented to the Conflict and Dispute Resolution Program and the Department of Global Studies and the Graduate School of the University of OreGon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the deGrees of Master of SCienCe and Master of Arts DeCember 2020 THESIS APPROVAL PAGE Student: Ian LawrenCe Campbell Title: ConstruCtinG Jerusalem: A Palestinian DiGital DisCourse This thesis has been aCCepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of SCienCe deGree in the Conflict and Dispute Resolution ProGram and the Master of Arts deGree in the Department of Global Studies by: Diane Baxter Chairperson Galen Martin Member Seungahn Nah Member and Kate MondloCh Interim ViCe Provost and Dean of the Graduate SChool OriGinal approval siGnatures are on file with the University of OreGon Graduate School. DeGree awarded DeCember 2020 ii © 2020 Ian Lawrence Campbell iii THESIS ABSTRACT Ian LawrenCe Campbell Master of Science and Master of Arts ConfliCt and Dispute Resolution Program and Department of Global Studies DeCember 2020 Title: ConstruCtinG Jerusalem: A Palestinian DiGital DisCourse The followinG interdisCiplinary researCh investiGates diGital communication using a constructivist interpretation for conflict analysis. President Trump's recognition of Jerusalem as the capital of Israel formed the basis for the research inquiry of Palestinian digital modes of response. International law remains relevant to the baCkGround understandinG of this research, albeit outside the scope. Data from pro-Palestinian media, translated by the Middle East Media Research Institute (M.E.M.R.I.) and Palestinian Media WatCh (P.M.W.), provided the sources for digital content analysis. -
Efraim Karsh
EFRAIM KARSH Contact: [email protected]; [email protected] PRESENT POSITIONS Professor of Middle East and Mediterranean Studies, King’s College London, since 1996. Personal website Professor of Political Studies, Bar-Ilan University, since 2013 Senior Research Associate, Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies, Bar-Ilan University, since 2013 Principal Research Fellow, Middle East Forum, Philadelphia, since 2013 PREVIOUS POSITIONS Director, Middle East Forum, Philadelphia, 2011-12 Founding Director, Middle East & Mediterranean Studies Program, King’s College London, 1994-2010: Offers research and teaching on the history, politics, economics and international relations of the Middle East and Mediterranean at postgraduate level. Currently includes 9 fulltime members of staff, 6 visiting fellows, and over 120 students. Reader (Associate Professor) in War Studies, King’s College London, 1992-96 Lecturer (Assistant Professor) in War Studies, King’s College London, 1989-92 Senior Research Fellow, Jaffee Center for Strategic Studies, Tel-Aviv University, 1984- 89 Lecturer (Assistant Professor) in Political Science, Tel-Aviv University, 1986-89 Director of Studies in International Relations, Israel’s Open University, 1982-85 Intelligence Analyst, Israel Defense Forces (IDF), attained rank of Major, 1974-81 VISITING POSITIONS First Nachshon Visiting Professor in Israel Studies, Harvard University, Fall Semester 2003 Starr Fellow in Jewish Studies, Harvard University, Spring Semester 2003 Visiting Professor, Universite Assas -
UNRWA Resists Resettlement by Alex Joffe
UNRWA Resists Resettlement by Alex Joffe he Palestinian refugee problem lies at the heart of the Arab-Israeli conflict. But since the 1960s, the international institution charged with aiding the refugees, T the U.N. Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA), has resisted their resettlement in the Arab host countries. It has done so by shifting to an educational mission, devising expansive redefinitions of who a refugee is, and expanding its legal mandates to “protect” and represent refugees. As a result, a well-intended international relief effort has been progressively undone by the vagueness of its mandate, which allowed UNRWA to bend to the will of the U.N. General Assembly and be taken over by its own charges and by the bureaucratic imperative of institutional survival. 194 have been used by the Palestinians and their REINTEGRATION: international champions as proof of a U.N.-sanc- A SHORT HISTORY tioned “right of return.”3 But UNRWA was founded “without prejudice to the provisions of The idea of resettlement was implicitly en- paragraph 11 of General Assembly resolution 194 coded into UNRWA through U.N. General As- (III),”4 and during its early stages, attempted to sembly (UNGA) resolution 194 (III) of December avoid the appearance of prejudice toward either 11, 1948, which stated that “refugees wishing to repatriation or compensation and resettlement. return to their homes and live at peace with their But as prevailing interpretations of resolution 194 neighbours should be permitted to do so at the have changed, so too has UNRWA. -
Islamophobic Groups Attacking Humanitarian, Peacebuilding Groups and Human Rights Defenders
700 12th Street Suite 700 Washington, DC 20005 +1 (202) 481 6927 Islamophobic Groups Attacking Humanitarian, Peacebuilding Groups and Human Rights Defenders February 2020 In recent years, two U.S. organizations have conducted smear campaigns against charities and human rights groups that appear intended to shut down or limit humanitarian assistance, peacebuilding and human rights advocacy by or on behalf of Muslim communities. They target groups working in places with large Muslim populations, including Palestine and south Asia. Their work has been used to fuel “lawfare” attacks in the U.S. and abroad by groups such as the Zionist Advocacy Center. Middle East Forum (MEF) The Middle East Forum (MEF), founded in 1990 by Daniel Pipes, is described as a conservative think tank. It purportedly “promotes American interests in the Middle East and protects Western values from Middle Eastern threats.”1 It became a nonprofit organization in 1994. It publishes the Middle East Quarterly and the Middle East Intelligence Bulletin and runs several projects, including Campus Watch, Islamist Watch, among others.2 The Bridge Initiative at Georgetown University has conducted a thorough analysis of MEF.3 It says: “The Middle East Forum is a right-wing anti-Islam think tank that spreads misinformation, creates ‘watchlists’ targeting academics, and advocates hawkish foreign policy. MEF provides funding to numerous anti-Muslim organizations and has provided legal services to a number of anti-Muslim activists including Geert Wilders and Tommy Robinson.” In 2017, a British court ordered Sam Westrop, now director of MEF’s Islamist Watch project, to pay £140,000 in libel damages after finding that he falsely alleged that Mohammed Ali Harrath, CEO and founder of the Islam Channel, was guilty of terrorism.4 Since then, MEF has attempted to disrupt funding to a large Muslim charity in the UK, in the form of a U.S. -
Islam and Instability in China's Xinjiang
Report March 2014 Islam and instability in China’s Xinjiang By Nick Holdstock1 Executive summary On March 1st 2014 a knife-wielding group of ten people attacked passengers and passers-by in the railway station in Kunming, the capital of China’s south-western Yunnan province. Twenty-eight were killed and 113 injured. By the following day the government was describing the incident as a “separatist” attack perpetrated by “terrorists from Xinjiang”. The attack in Kunming is the latest in a series of violent incidents in China that the government attributes to radical Islamist organisations that aim to promote what it calls the “Three Evils” of “terrorism, separatism and religious extremism”. These acts have predominantly occurred in China’s far western Xinjiang region, most recently in January and February 2014. Incidents in other parts of China have been attributed to the same forces. However, a number of accounts from academic and non-Chinese media sources, as well as human rights organisations, have questioned the official explanation of many such incidents. Critics accuse the government of lacking transparency and failing to offer reliable evidence, and claim that it is failing to acknowledge the widespread and diverse grievances of people in Xinjiang. This report aims to reconcile these different narratives of dissent in a region of growing significance for China’s economy and energy security. Background who are geographically concentrated in Xinjiang. There are Xinjiang is China’s largest administrative region, but owing also significant cross-border Uyghur populations in to its mountainous and desert geography, is comparatively Kazakhstan (220,000), Uzbekistan (55,000) and Kyrgyzstan sparsely populated.