The Global Exploration Roadmap
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The Global Exploration Roadmap International Space Exploration Coordination Group (ISECG) Kathy Laurini NASA/Senior Advisor, Exploration & Space Ops Co-Chair/ISECG Exp. Roadmap Working Group FISO Telecon, 11 December 2013 Introduction to the Global Exploration Roadmap The GER is a human space exploration roadmap, recognizing the criticality of increasing synergies with robotic missions while demonstrating the unique and important role humans play in realizing societal benefits The non-binding document reflects a framework for agency exploration discussions on: • Common goals and objectives • Long-range mission scenarios and architectures • Opportunities for near-term coordination and cooperation on preparatory activities GER update, released in August 2013, demonstrates agencies continue to collaboratively prepare for future human space exploration missions • A unified international roadmap for next steps in implementing a common space exploration strategy which begins with ISS and extends human presence beyond low-Earth orbit using future missions to Mars as a driving goal As with initial version, this GER is consistent with established individual agency policies and plans 2 Participating Agencies 12 space agencies participate in the GER development activity 3 GER Messages Sustainable human space exploration will be an international endeavor • An international roadmap follows a path that enables multiple partners to play critical roles and pursue individual priorities which are consistent with common long-term goals Near-term missions in the lunar vicinity enable interested agencies to demonstrate capabilities needed for future missions, while meeting other compelling exploration goals and objectives • Exploring near Earth asteroid – NASA’s asteroid redirection mission • Extended duration crew missions in the lunar vicinity – Key enabler to future missions • Lunar surface missions – NASA will participate if other nations decide to pursue exploration objectives with these missions 4 Global Exploration Roadmap 5 Common Goals and Objectives A Sustained Presence - Extending Economic Expansion A Global Partnership New Knowledge in Science & Technology Human Frontiers Inspiration and Education Common goals are needed, but recognized individual agency goals are what is important to an agency • Develop Exploration Technologies and Capabilities • Engage the Public in Exploration • Enhance Earth Safety • Extend Human Presence • Perform Science to Enable Human Exploration • Perform Space, Earth, and Applied Science • Search for Life • Stimulate Economic Expansion Each common goal is supported by a set of objectives 6 A Long-Range Human Exploration Strategy: The Mission Scenario Driving principles – • Affordability – Take into account budget constraints • Value to stakeholders – Generate public benefit • International partnerships – Early, visible and critical roles for multiple agencies • Capability evolution – Step-wise development of capabilities • Human/Robotic partnership – Maximize synergy of human and robotic missions • Robustness – Recognize things fail and partnerships change Purpose of the mission scenario • Serve as an optional design reference for agencies to inform decisions on preparatory activities 7 ISECG Mission Scenario 2020 2030 Low-Earth Orbit International Space Station Robotic Mission Commercial or Government-Owned Platforms Human Mission Beyond Low-Earth Orbit Cargo Mission Test Missions Asteroid Redirection Rosetta Hayabusa-2 OSIRIS-REx (Sample Return) (Sample Return) Explore Near Earth Asteroid Near-Earth Objects Apophis Extended Staging Post for Crew Duration to Lunar Surface Lunar Vicinity Crew Missions Potential Commercial Opportunities LADEE Luna 25 Luna 26 Luna 27 RESOLVE SELENE-2 Luna 28/29 SELENE-3 Human-Assisted (Sample Sample Return Humans to Lunar Surface Chandrayaan-2 Return) Moon Potential Commercial Opportunities Human-Assisted Sample Return Sustainable Human MAVEN ISRO Mars ExoMars InSight ExoMars Mars JAXA Mars Sample Return Mission Missions to the Orbiter Mission 2016 2018 2020 Mars Opportunities Mars System Mars Precursor Human Scale EDL Test Mission Opportunities Multi-Destination Small Human Transportation Cargo Surface Capabilities Initial Lander Mobility (Planned and Conceptual) Cargo Delivery Evolvable Orion Advanced Orion Orion & Russian Deep Space Crewed Icon indicates first use opportunity. & Piloted Electric Habitat & SLS SLS Commercial/Institutional launchers not shown. SLS Propulsion (Upgrade) Lunar (Upgrade) System Lander Mars Human Mission Risk Reduction Exploration of a Near Earth Asteroid Human exploration of an asteroid which has been captured and redirected to lunar vicinity Enabling Capabilities Contributions to Mars Mission Readiness Demonstration of the following core capabilities: • Space Launch System and Orion • 30-50kW Solar Electric Propulsion NASA’s SLS Advanced Electric Extra Vehicular System and Orion Propulsion Activity • Spacewalk, rendezvous, proximity operations, docking or grapple, deep Mission Activities space navigation and communications. • Characterize the composition of the asteroid • Identify any resources and assess their potential for extraction • Apply human evaluation capabilities to select samples for return to Earth laboratories • Demonstrating sample acquisition, caching, storage operations, and crew transfer operations for future human-assisted sample return mission. 10 Extended Duration Crew Missions Visits to an evolvable Deep Space Habitat in the lunar vicinity Enabling Capabilities Contributions to Mars Mission Readiness • Demonstrate deep space exploration capabilities such as SLS, Orion, advanced Russian crew transportation capabilities and life support systems, achieving an Evolvable Deep Cargo NASA’s SLS and Russian Piloted acceptable level of risk prior to travel to System Space Habitat Delivery Orion destinations away from the relative safety of Earth’s orbit Mission Activities • Demonstrate autonomous crew • Advancing deep space human space operation capability flight operations and techniques, • Demonstrate operations with reduced including staging operations supply chain • Conducting high priority science • Increase experience with complex deep benefitting from human presence, space staging operations including human-assisted lunar • Advance core technologies and sample return. radiation protection strategies for long • Testing technologies and subsystems duration missions benefitting from the deep space • Demonstrate interactive human and environment robotic operations analogous to Mars • Characterizing human health and operational concepts performance in a deep space • Gain experience with solar electric environment propulsion used on a crewed spacecraft 11 Humans to the Lunar Surface Using evolvable Deep Space Habitat as staging post Enabling Capabilities Contributions to Mars Mission Readiness • Demonstrate staging operations with an Earth- return vehicle • Cargo Demonstrate extended crew NASA’s SLS Russian Piloted Evolvable Deep Lunar Lander mobility and habitation and Orion System Space Habitat Delivery systems • Demonstrate advanced Mission Activities power systems • Test advanced surface power technologies • Characterize human health • Address high priority objectives of the science and performance, combining community which benefit from human surface deep space and partial gravity presence environment exposure • Characterize human health and performance in a • Demonstrate operations partial gravity environment concepts and enhanced crew • Demonstrate long distance mobility concepts autonomy for surface • Explore concepts for human-robotic partnership exploration in planetary surface exploration • Potentially provide the • Utilize precision landing technologies opportunity for advancing demonstrated on robotic missions concepts related to the use of • Explore landing sites of interest for extended local resources durations 12 Near-Term Opportunities for Coordination and Cooperation Significant resources are being expended around the world to prepare for human space exploration Agencies seek opportunities to leverage these investments through knowledge of partner priorities and partnerships: coordination and cooperation Six opportunity areas have been identified • Use of ISS for Exploration • Space Systems and Infrastructure Development • Robotic Precursor Missions • Advanced Technologies • Analog Activities • Human Health and Performance Risk Mitigation 13 Conclusion The updated GER will continue to serve as a tool to help agencies collaboratively prepare for future human space exploration missions and partnerships The GER articulates the benefits of space exploration • Knowledge gained has driven scientific and technological innovation that continues to contribute to new products and services • The cultural and inspirational impact to people on Earth stimulates our curiosity and sense of place in the universe • Overcoming the challenges needed to explore will bring nations together with the capacity to address mutual challenges and strengthen partnerships The ISECG forum and the GER are useful inputs to inform preparations for the Minister-level International Space Exploration Forum (January 2014, in DC) All agencies remain committed to involving the broader community in the dialog, seeking innovative ideas and solutions • NASA Community Workshop on the GER planned for first half 2014 14 Backup 15 ISECG Background The ISECG is a voluntary, non-binding exploration coordination forum • Scope of exploration: human and robotic exploration of destinations humans may someday live and work Established in 2007, rotating chairmanship • Canadian Space Agency currently chairs ISECG Avoid duplication with other forums Main benefits of participation • Promotes discussions enabling a common understanding on aspects that will inform future human exploration related partnerships • Develops products which inform individual agency efforts and decisions • Facilitates agency efforts to leverage investments in human exploration preparation activities • Engages a broader set of agencies than ISS partnership 16 .