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Planetary Division Status Report

Jim Green NASA, Division October 11, 2017

Presentation at LEAG Planetary Science Missions Events 2016 March – Launch of ESA’s ExoMars July 4 – inserted in * Completed September 8 – Launch of mission OSIRIS – REx to asteroid Bennu September 30 – Landing on CG October 19 – ExoMars EDM landing and TGO orbit insertion 2017 January 4 – Discovery Mission selection announced February 9-20 - OSIRIS-REx began - search April 22 – Cassini begins plane change maneuver for the “Grand Finale” August 22 – Solar Eclipse across America September 15 – Cassini end of mission at September 22 – OSIRIS-REx Earth flyby October 28 – International Observe the night (1st quarter) 2018 May 5 - Launch InSight mission to August – OSIRIS-REx arrival at Bennu October – Launch of ESA’s BepiColombo to November 26 – InSight landing on Mars 2019 January 1 – flyby of object 2014MU69 Formulation Implementation Primary Ops BepiColombo Lunar Extended Ops (ESA) Reconnaissance Orbiter New Horizons

Psyche

Juno

JUICE (ESA) ExoMars 2016 MMX MAVEN MRO (ESA) (JAXA) Mars (ESA) Odyssey OSIRIS-REx ExoMars 2020 (ESA) InSight 2020 Rover Rover NEOWISE Clipper Discovery Program

NEO characteristics: Mars evolution: Lunar formation: of dust/: Solar sampling: NEAR (1996-1999) (1996-1997) Lunar (1998-1999) (1999-2011) (2001-2004)

Comet diversity: Mercury environment: Comet internal structure: Lunar Internal Structure Main-belt : CONTOUR (2002) MESSENGER (2004-2015) (2005-2012) GRAIL (2011-2012) Dawn (2007-TBD)

Exoplanets Lunar surface: ESA/Mercury Surface: Mars Interior: Trojan Asteroids: Metal Asteroids: Kepler (2009-TBD) LRO (2009-TBD) Strofio (2017-TBD) InSight (2018) Lucy (2021) (2022) NEW Discovery Missions for

Launch in 2022

Launch in 2021 14 New Frontiers Program

1st NF mission 2nd NF mission 3rd NF mission New Horizons: Juno: OSIRIS-REx: -Kuiper Belt Jupiter Polar Orbiter Asteroid Sample Return

Launched January 2006 Launched August 2011 Launched September 2016 Flyby July 14, 2015 Arrived July 4, 2016 PI: Dante Lauretta (UA) PI: (SwRI-CO) PI: Scott Bolton (SwRI-TX) New Frontiers 4 AO

Investigations (listed without priority): – Comet Surface Sample Return – -Aitken Basin Sample Return – Ocean Worlds (, Enceladus) – Saturn Probe – Trojan Tour and Rendezvous – In Situ Explorer 12 Proposals received on …...... April 28, 2017 Step-1 Selections Announced (target)...... December 2017 Phase A Concept Study Reports due...... January 2018 Downselection for Flight (target)...... July 2019 (target) Launch Readiness Date...... NLT Dec. 31, 2025 NAS Studies for Planetary Science Timeline of Studies • 1st Planetary decadal: 2002-2012 • 2nd Planetary decadal: 2013-2022 • Cubesat Review: Completed June 2016 • Extended Missions Review: Completed Sept 2016 • R&A Restructuring Review: Completed June 2017 • Searching For Life Across Space & Time Sept 2017 • Large Strategic NASA Science Missions – Tasked December 23, 2015 – Report to NASA August 24, 2017 • Midterm evaluation: – Tasked August 26, 2016 – , EX Missions, R&A Restructuring & Large Strategic Missions will be input – Expect report to NASA due March 2018 • Sample Analysis Investment Strategy (to start soon) • 3rd Planetary Decadal: 2023-2032 – To be tasked before October 2019 – Expect report to NASA due 1st quarter 2022 • CAPS reviewed completed studies and recommended several more to be completed Mission Studies Completed so Far • Mars orbiter – 2015 MEPAG’s Next Orbiter Science Analysis Group • and (Ice Giants) system missions – 2017 NASA science definition team report • Europa – 2017 NASA science definition team report • Venus orbiter and lander (-D) – 2017 joint U.S.-Russian science definition team report CAPS Priority Areas Candidates for Large or Medium Class Mission Studies (Unprioritized) Venus exploration missions Additional concepts beyond the Venera-D orbiter and lander Lunar science missions Understanding interior processes and polar (Volatiles SAT Team-2) Mars sample-return -step missions Mission elements beyond necessary for second and third phases of a Mars sample-return campaign Mars medium-class missions Multiple mobile explorers, polar explorers, & life-detection. Investigations responsive to new discoveries Dwarf missions Large- & medium-class mission concepts to , Pluto, science (NEW FRONTIERS FIVE) Reexamine mission to Io

Saturn system missions Affordable, large strategic missions that visit multiple targets Dedicated space for Dynamic phenomena on planetary bodies system science Lunar Science for Landed Missions Workshop

• Purpose: Define priority targets for landed missions on the Moon, primarily, but not exclusively, for commercial exploration firms interested in pursuing ventures on the Moon. Pursuant to the Planetary Decadal science goals. • Report the community consensus of priority landed targets, with the potential of future solicitations for science-focused payloads at such target sites. • January 10-12, 2018 @ NASA – https://lunar-landing.arc.nasa.gov/ • November 10, 2017 – Abstracts Due Date – The science/exploration question(s) to be addressed at the site; – Any relevant information about landing site characterization; – Whether or not mobility is needed (as opposed to desired); – Whether or not sample return is essential to answering the question(s) or can in situ data suffice. Possible Sample to Gateway For Return to Earth PSD CubeSats/SmallSats SMD Planetary CubeSat Missions

O/OREOS INSPIRE

Spacecraft O/OREOS MARCO Q-PACE INSPIRE LunaH-Map

PI Ricco Asmar Colwell Klesh Hardgrove Size 3U 6U (2) 3U 3U 6U Goals Investigate how Provide real-time data Investigate Demonstrate deep space Create detailed map microorganisms and relay using two properties of low- CubeSat in Earth-escape of the moon’s organic molecules redundant 6U velocity particle orbit; Demo operations, content at lunar respond to the space CubeSats during collision in communications, and South Pole in environment InSight EDL at Mars. microgravity navigation in deep space. preparation for exploration.

Science Area Planetary Science; Mission Operations Planetary Science; Technology acreation Demonstration Status Launched Nov. 2010; In Development; LRD In Development; In Development; LAUNCH: In Development; Mission Success May 2018 with Insight LRD Dec. 2017 TBD, selected by the LRD Nov 2018 to Mars Cubesat Launch onboard SLS/EM-1 Initiative, awaiting manifest

17 Planetary CubeSats/SmallSats • A National Academies Report (2016) concluded that CubeSats have proven their ability to produce high- value science. • In particular, CubeSats are useful as targeted investigations to augment the capabilities of larger missions or to make a highly-specific measurement. • SMD is developing a directorate-wide approach that has four objectives: – Identify high-priority science objectives in each discipline that can be addressed with CubeSats/SmallSats – Manage program with appropriate cost and risk – Establish a multi-discipline approach and collaboration that helps science teams learn from experiences and grow capability, while avoiding unnecessary duplication – Leverage and partner with a growing commercial sector to collaboratively drive instrument and sensor innovation • Unique challenges for Smallsats at Planetary destinations Planetary Science Deep Space SmallSat Studies • NASA Research Announcement released August 19, 2016 • Solicited concept studies for potential CubeSats and SmallSats – Concepts sought for 1U to ESPA-class missions – Up to $100M mission concept studies considered – Not constrained to fly with an existing mission • Objectives: – What Planetary Science investigations can be done with smallsats? – What technology development is needed to enable them? – What’s the anticipated cost range? • Received 102 proposals SmallSat Technology

PSDS3: Planetary Science Deep Space Small Studies • 19 awards ($6 M investment over one year) • Concept studies to scope science capability and cost of small secondary missions Venus Valeria Cottini, CUVE - Cubesat UV Experiment Attila Komjathy, Seismicity Investigation on Venus Using Measurements Tibor Kremic, Seismic and Atmospheric Exploration of Venus (SAEVe) Christophe Sotin, Cupid's Arrow Moon David Draper, Innovative Strategies for Lunar Surface Exploration Charles Hibbitts, Lunar Water Assessment, Transportation, and Resource Mission Christophe Sotin (JPL) Noah Petro, Mini Lunar Volatiles (MiLUV) Mission Cupid’s Arrow spacecraft concept Suzanne Romaine, CubeSat X-ray Telescope (CubeX) Timothy Stubbs, Bi-sat Observations of the Lunar Atmosphere above Swirls (BOLAS) Small Bodies Benton Clark, CAESAR: CubeSat Asteroid Encounters for Science and Reconnaissance Tilak Hewagama, Primitive Object Volatile Explorer (PrOVE) Jeffrey Plescia, APEX: Asteroid Probe Experiment Mars Anthony Colaprete, Aeolus - to study the thermal and wind environment of Mars Michael Collier, PRISM: Sample Mission Robert Lillis, Mars Ion and Sputtering Escape Network (MISEN) David Minton, Chariot to the of Mars Luca Montabone, Mars Aerosol Tracker (MAT) Icy Bodies and Outer Jeff Plescia (APL) APEX spacecraft concept Kunio Sayanagi, SNAP: Small Next-generation Atmospheric Probe Robert Ebert, JUpiter MagnetosPheric boundary ExploreR (JUMPER) Small Innovative Missions for Planetary Exploration SIMPLEx-2: AO

• SALMON3 – PEA: Third Stand Alone Missions of Opportunity Notice (SALMON-3) Program Element Appendix (PEA) • Small Complete Missions (SCM): Investigation that can be realized within the PEA-specific Cost Cap. – The term “complete” encompasses all appropriate mission phases from project initiation (Phase A), through all phases of development, mission operations (Phase E), which must include analysis and publication of data in the peer reviewed technical literature, delivery of the data to an appropriate NASA data archive, and closeout (Phase F). SIMPLEx-2 : Overview

• Solicits formulation and development of science investigations that require a mission that can be accomplished using small spacecraft – ESPA-Class or smaller (< 180Kg) – Solicitation for secondary payload on specific primary missions, which will determine: • Launch readiness date • Initial release trajectory – Cost-capped missions – Continuously Open call with mission-specific deadlines – Foreign Participation will be allowed SIMPLEx-2 : Process Soon: Release Draft Open Call for proposals On-going: Regular Panel Reviews of submitted missions

Mission Specific Milestones: • L-4 years: Cut-off consideration for a specific mission – Select and award ~1 year Phase A/B studies; expected product is PDR-level design – is unknown

• L-3 years: Down-select secondary mission(s) for specific primary mission – May be possible to select multiple secondaries for a given primary mission – Selectability coordination with LV selection – Provided for Phase C design/build: • More detailed Launch Vehicle trajectory, environments and interfaces

• L-2 years: Build/test secondary payload

• L-1 years: Build/test/integrate secondary payload Lunar Data Analysis Program Amendment

• NOTICE: Amended August 15, 2017

• The due dates have been delayed – Required Step-1 proposals are now due November 30, 2017 – Step-2 proposals are due March 1, 2018

• The purpose of the delay is to help de- the PSD R&A due dates and to provide a more even distribution of R&A due dates throughout the year

• Note that the original dates were August 31, 2017 (Step-1) and November 8, 2017 (Step-2) Lunar International Missions Lunar Missions Timeline 2018 Chang’E-4 – China National Space Administration (CNSA) : Relay of Chang’E -3 Chandrayan-2 – Indian Organization (ISRO) : Lander/Orbiter 2019 KPLO – Korea Aerospace Research Institute (KARI) : Korean Path Finder Lunar Orbiter - HEO-NASA Solicitation Number: NNH12ZDA006O-KPLO Luna-25 – Russian Federal Space Agency () : Lunar South Pole - (LRO/landing sites) Chang’E-5 – China National Space Administration (CNSA) : Sample Return 2020 Resource Prospector – HEO-NASA Polar Lander (LRO landing sites) SLIM – Japan Aeroscpace Exploration Agency (JAXA) : Smart Lander for Investigating Moon - (LRO/landing sites) KARI – Korea Aerospace Research Institute (KARI) - (LRO/landing sites) 2021 Luna-26 – Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos) : Luna Resources Orbiter – Global Studies of the Moon 2022 Luna-27 – Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos) Luna Resources Lander – South Pole Regolith and - (LRO/landing sites) 2024 Luna-28 – Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos) Luna-Grunt – Cryogenic Samples Return from South Pole - (LRO/landing sites) Participating Scientist Program for the KPLO/HEO mission is planned to be issued in ROSES 2018 2016 LEAG Meeting Findings 2016 LEAG Meeting Outcomes Findings Consensus Statements • Korean Pathfinder Lunar • Visit of Congressman Jim Orbiter mission and U.S. Brindenstine involvement • Poster Reception • Small Lunar Surface Payload • U.S. involvement in the RFI Russian Luna (25-28) • Resource Prospector Mission missions • Polar Volatiles • Coordinated Lunar Action Item Prospecting missions • Mining industry contacts; • Sample Return SRR/PTMSS, etc. • Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Mission

• System PSD Responses to Findings/Consensus • Moon Village 2016 LEAG Meeting Findings Continued Support for the Resource Prospector Mission. The LEAG community wishes to convey their continued strong support for the Resource Prospector mission as a first step to prospecting for lunar volatiles in the polar regions. We wish to reiterate that continued HEOMD support is encouraged, given the international attention now focused on this region of the Moon and the value of for exploration. SMD-PSD involvement is urged given the potentially huge science return of this mission. [HEOMD-AES, SMD-PSD]

Response: PSD and HEOMD are in discussions about potential PSD involvement. 2016 LEAG Meeting Findings Sample Return. The LEAG community endorses the human-assisted robotic lunar sample return and human lunar sample return concepts (i.e., as defined in the ISECG mission scenarios), and urges SMD and HEOMD to work together to find ways of implementing such missions. It is noted that the utility of targeted solely robotic sample returns should not be overlooked. [HEOMD-AES, SMD- PSD]

Response: PSD and HEOMD are in discussion about these possibilities. 2016 LEAG Meeting Findings Development of the (SLS) and Potential for Enabling Payloads. The development of the SLS has the potential to establish enabling infrastructure around the Moon and facilitate science. The LEAG community recommends utilizing SLS capabilities when possible to launch competed or directed scientific orbital and landed assets and communication relay capabilities as co-manifested payloads to support global access to the lunar surface for science and exploration activities. HEOMD and PSD are encouraged to include such payloads in future EM calls or other launch opportunities. [SMD-PSD, HEOMD] Response: PSD and HEOMD are in discussion about these possibilities. 2016 LEAG Meeting Consensus Statements

Science Involvement in the Russian Luna Program. The LEAG community applauds James Green (SMD-Planetary Science Division) for exploring possibilities for the US lunar science community to be involved in the Russian lunar program (-28). We look forward to further updates as they become available. [SMD-PSD]

Response: PSD and RSA are in discussion about potential US science involvement but nothing has been firmly established at this time. Questions?

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