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EDITED BY DAVIDE ORSI The ‘Clash of Civilizations’ 25 Years On A Multidisciplinary Appraisal This e-book is provided without charge via free download by E-International Relations (www.E-IR.info). It is not permitted to be sold in electronic format under any circumstances. If you enjoy our free e-books, please consider leaving a small donation to allow us to continue investing in open access publications: http://www.e-ir.info/about/donate/ i The ‘Clash of Civilizations’ 25 Years On A Multidisciplinary Appraisal EDITED BY DAVIDE ORSI ii E-International Relations www.E-IR.info Bristol, England 2018 ISBN 978-1-910814-43-7 (paperback) ISBN 978-1-910814-44-4 (e-book) This book is published under a Creative Commons CC BY-NC 4.0 license. You are free to: • Share – copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format • Adapt – remix, transform, and build upon the material Under the following terms: • Attribution – You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. • Non-Commercial – You may not use the material for commercial purposes. Any of the above conditions can be waived if you get permission. Please contact [email protected] for any such enquiries, including for licensing and translation requests. Other than the terms noted above, there are no restrictions placed on the use and dissemination of this book for student learning materials/ scholarly use. Production: Michael Tang Cover Image: Samot via Depositphotos A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. iii E-IR Edited Collections Series Editors: Stephen McGlinchey, Marianna Karakoulaki and Agnieszka Pikulicka-Wilczewska Copy-editing: Cameran Clayton Editorial assistance: Jakob R. Avgustin, Hayden Paulsen, Marianne Rozario and Andrei Sterescu E-IR’s Edited Collections are open access scholarly books presented in a format that preferences brevity and accessibility while retaining academic conventions. Each book is available in print and digital versions, and is published under a Creative Commons license. As E-International Relations is committed to open access in the fullest sense, free electronic versions of all of our books, including this one, are available on our website. Find out more at: http://www.e-ir.info/publications About the E-International Relations website E-International Relations (www.E-IR.info) is the world’s leading open access website for students and scholars of international politics, reaching over 3.5 million readers each year. E-IR’s daily publications feature expert articles, blogs, reviews and interviews – as well as student learning resources. The website is run by a registered non-profit organisation based in Bristol, UK and staffed with an all-volunteer team of students and scholars. iv Acknowledgments I would like to thank all members of the E-International Relations team for their support and in particular Phoebe Gardner, Kurtis Edwards and Farah H. Saleem. I am very grateful to Cameran Clayton for her help in the production of this book. I am also indebted to Stephen McGlinchey for his constant support. I would like to thank all the authors for their patience and hard work. Davide Orsi v Abstract The purpose of this collection is to present Samuel P. Huntington’s ‘Clash of Civilizations’ thesis, and to appraise its validity and shortcomings 25 years after the publication of his landmark article in the journal Foreign Affairs. The notion of a ‘clash of civilizations’ is examined from a multidisciplinary perspective and its validity is appraised in the fields of International Relations, European Politics, International Law, Political Theory, and International History. First, the volume examines Huntington’s contribution from a theoretical perspective, focusing on his ideas about politics and the concept of civilization. Second, the articles collected in this volume also consider Huntington’s thesis in the light of recent events in international politics, including the conflict in Ukraine, the rise of ISIS, China–India relations, the electoral success of far-right movements in Europe, the refugee crisis in the Mediterranean, and the activity of the International Criminal Court in Africa. This volume offers to its readers a vibrant and multifaceted conversation among established and emerging scholars on one of the most important paradigms for the understanding of international politics and the history of the twenty-first century. --- Davide Orsi is an Editor-at-large at E-International Relations. His first book Michael Oakeshott’s Political Philosophy of International Relations: Civil Association and International Society (Palgrave, 2016) explores the historical and normative dimension of international society by relating Oakeshott’s philosophy of civil association to English School theories of international relations. He is also co-editor of Realism in Practice: An Appraisal (E-International Relations, 2018). He has published work in journals including the Journal of International Political Theory, Collingwood and British Idealism Studies, the European Legacy, Filosofia Politica, and the British Journal for the History of Philosophy. His research interests include international political theory and the history of political thought. vi Contributors Ravi Dutt Bajpai is currently a Doctoral candidate at Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia. His thesis is focused on civilizational aspects in International Relations and contemporary China–India relations. His research interests include international relations theory, ancient and contemporary social and political thoughts in post-colonial societies. Gregorio Bettiza is Lecturer in International Relations at the University of Exeter. He recently completed a book manuscript exploring how religion has increasingly become a subject and object of American foreign policy since the end of the Cold War. Gregorio is the author of the ‘Religion in International Relations’ (2016) entry for the Oxford Bibliographies. He has also published articles in the European Journal of International Relations, Review of International Studies, International Studies Review, and Politics among others. Glen M.E. Duerr is Associate Professor of International Studies at Cedarville University. A citizen of three countries, he has a Ph.D. in Political Science from Kent State University and is the author of Secessionism and the European Union, which was published by Lexington Books in 2015. Ian Hall is a Professor in the School of Government and International Relations, Griffith University, Australia. His most recent book is Dilemmas of Decline: British Intellectuals and World Politics, 1945–1975 (2012). He has published in various journals, including the European Journal of International Relations, International Affairs, and the Review of International Studies. Jeffrey Haynes is Emeritus Professor of Politics at London Metropolitan University. He recently completed a book on the United Nations Alliance of Civilizations and is now writing another on Twenty-Five Years of the ‘Clash of Civilizations’. He is book series editor of ‘Routledge Studies in Religion & Politics’. He is also co-editor of the journal, Democratization, and its book series ‘Special Issues and Virtual Special Issues’. Anna Khakee is Senior Lecturer and Head of the Department of International Relations at the University of Malta. She has years of experience consulting international organizations, including the Norwegian Peacebuilding Centre and the United Nations Development Program (UNDP). She has published widely in international journals such as Journal of North African Studies, Mediterranean Politics, Mediterranean Quarterly, and East European Politics and Societies. vii Jan Lüdert is Assistant Professor/Associate Program Director in the School of Applied Leadership at City University of Seattle, Washington. He is a scholar alumnus of the Liu Institute for Global Issues, an interdisciplinary research hub for emerging global issues at the University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver. Jan earned his Ph.D. in International Relations from UBC’s department of Political Science. Kim Richard Nossal is a professor in the Department of Political Studies and the Centre for International and Defence Policy at Queen’s University in Kingston, Ontario. He is a former editor of International Journal, and served as president of the Canadian Political Science Association. His latest book, co-authored with Jean-Christophe Boucher, is The Politics of War: Canada’s Afghanistan Mission, 2001–14. Fabio Petito is Senior Lecturer in International Relations at the University of Sussex. He is the Scientific Coordinator of the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs-ISPI initiative on ‘Religions and International Relations’ and convener of the Freedom of Religion or Belief and Foreign Policy Initiative. Among his publications: Religion in International Relations (2003), Civilizational Dialogue and World Order (2009) and Towards a Postsecular International Politics (2014). Recent articles include: “Dialogue of Civilizations in a Multipolar World: Toward a Multicivilizational-Multiplex World Order”. Erik Ringmar teaches in the Political Science Department at Lund University, Sweden. He has a Ph.D. from Yale University. He worked for 12 years in the Government Department at the London School of Economics and for seven years in China, for the last two years as professor of international relations in
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