DOCSLIB.ORG

Beginning and 25 Years of Progress People's Bank

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Beginning and 25 Years of Progress People's Bank aim of making large profit? by finan­ BEGINNING AND 25 YEARS OF PROGRESS cing big industry". PEOPLE'S BANK BEGINNINGS AND 25 YEARS OF PROGRESS Clarence Fernando The Commission also noted that the Bank had not given any financial or other assistance to any approved Mr Clarence Fernando was a former Editor, Ceylon Daily News and Reuters Correspondent in Sri Lanka and for several decades has been a regular commentator on Sri Lankan events. society or cultivation committee during the period under review. In­ deed no society had been approved by The People's Bank, which began clusion (para 203) was "The People's formal order of the Minister to receive bi siness in unpretentious "hole-i--the Bank has carried out the intention of such assistance under the provisions of wall" offices in the Y.M.B.A. building the framers of the Act that the com­ the Act, nor had any assistance been and in Duke Street in Colombo's Fort mercial business of the Bankshouldbe rendered by the Bank to cultivation 25 years ago, can pat itself on its back used as a source for financing the committees, according to the evidence modestly on the giant strides it has co-operative sector". placed before the Commission by taken to become the largest and most officers of the Bank. influential bank in the Island handling However, the general conclusion over 60 percent of all Sri Lanka's the Commission reached on an overall "To that extent at least, it must be commercial bank customers including review of the position on its first term held that the Bank has failed to carry peasants, workers, industrialists,, pri­ of reference, that is the extent to out in full the purposes as set out in vate and public organisations, coope­ which the Bank has, during its first Section 4 of the Act, ie. to provide ratives and state corporations. four years, carried out or failed to financial and other assistance to co­ carry out the purposes for which it has operative societies so as to develop Today from its elegant 15-storeyed been established- was:"While the ex­ the co-operative movement in Ceylon; building on the banks of the Beira tent to which the purposes of the to extend rural facilities in rural areas, Lake in Sir Ch'ttampalam Gardiner People's Bank cannot be determined and, in particular, furnish financial and" Mawatha, which puts to shame some with any mathematical exactness, in other assistance to approved societies, of the high-rise monstrosities that are the first two years it is apparent that cultivation committees, and other mushrooming around it, the People's they were enthusiastically borne in persons engaged in, or intending to Bank takes its business to the people mind by the Board of Directors and engage in a small-scale agricultural, in all parts of the country through a the General Manager, but thereafter industrial or business undertaking in network of 300 bank branches, and in the process of expansion they such areas; and generally to promote over 900 branches of rural banks, the tended to be lost sight of, and the the economic development of rural largest network operated by £ny bank powers conferred on the Bank to areas". in the country. transact commercial banking business in order to carry out the purposes The People's Bank ' commenced Of course, the trek to the Bank's became the dominant objective rather operations in July 1961. It "'as Headquarters building-in Sir Chittam- than the purposes in themselves. A <>st9bl;shed under the People's Bank palam Gardiner Mawatha in 1977 runs more balanced view of the scope and Act No. 29 of 1961 by dissolving from the crowded offices in the powers of the Bank appears to be now assets and liabilities of the Co-opra- YMBA building and Duke Street prevalent". tive Federal Bank. through its offices in Rutnam's buil­ ding in Union Place from 1962 and the The Commission also made the Conception of the Bank G.C.S.U. building in Sir Chittampalam point that in the second Annual Re­ Befo'e '">ne goes further to talk Gardienr Mawatha from 1965. The port of the Directors for the year about the new bank, it behoves one to trek has been long and arduous for, in ending 30 September, 1963, it was ask why the Co-operative Federal the formative years, the Bank had to reported that small industries, Bank was liquidated. go through a scorching purgatory of especially those that were just begin­ Philip Gunawardena the MEP fire when it had to face a Public ning to find their feet, were given faci­ leader, who was Minister of Agricul­ Commission of Inquiry, appointed by lities, having in mind the role they had ture in the cabinet'of Prime Minister Governor-General, William Gopallawa to play in the economy. It will be Solomn Dias Bandaranaike, provides in 1965, on the working and adminis­ observed • that from the latter half of the answer to this question in the draft tration of the Bank in its first four 1963, this objective seems to have Co-operative Development Bank Bill, years. The Commissioner's first con­ been displaced by the more ambitious which he presented to the government 28. ECONOMIC REVIEW JUNE/JULY, 1986. in April, 1959. produce, -for consumption expenditure I would therefore wish to see that this Commenting on that draft Bill he between harvests or for any other bank is so reconstituted as to be an makes these points: purposes, he was compelled to place efficient institution not only to himself at the tender mercies of attract deposits but also to seve their "One of the first and most impor­ greedy landlords, boutique keepers credit requirements. If you agree that tant problems which engaged my and professional money lenders. the Co-operative banking system needs attention when I took charge of the re-vitalization, officials of the Central Ministry of Agriculture was the prob­ It also showed that unless the Bank can meet officials of your lem of rural credit. peasant could be released from the Ministry to draw up the constitution clutches of these exploiters, all for a new bank to take over the Co­ schemes for village uplift and all plans operative Federal Bank and the Co- It was clear to me that from the for agricultural development were poperative Provincial and District outset that oroHuctivity of village doomed to failure. Banks". agriculture could never be substan­ tially increased unless we provided The experience of Japan and India In October 1956 the officials of *he adequate credit facilities in the rural had shown that the credit needs of Central Bank and the Ministry jointly areas. No purpose was served by rural farmers could best be met prepared a Memorandun setting out advisina the villane farmer to apply through a strong and efficient co-ope­ the proposed constitution of the new more liberal doses of fertilizer or to rative credit movement to make it Co-operative Bank together with its purchase improved agricultural imple­ H both efficient and effective. objects, powers and functions and in ments if we o not a* th° same time October 1957 it was considered by the provide him with the means with Which to do it. The proposed new islandwide net­ Cabinet and unanimously approved. A work of multi-purpose co-operatives, point of much significance is that the one of which was eventually to be Central Bank, in this Memorandun ore- The Ministry carried out a number established in every village of the sented to the Cabinet, had strongly of studies on the rural credit problem. Island, would provide a firm "foun­ urged that the new Bank should be a Another study was the survey of Rural dation" for the new cooperative "mixed Bank", which would under­ Indebtedness carried out at the re­ credit structure.At its apex had to be take "not only purely cooperative quest of the Ministry of Agriculture a strong and efficient new Co-opera­ banking functions but also the more bv the Department of Census and tive Bank. profitable functions of a commercial Statistics: 1 bank". It is for the purpose of establishing This survey revealed: But it was from around this stane such a Bank that the Co-operative (1) That fully 54 percent of all that the draft proposals for the setting Development Bank Bill, placed before up of the new Co-operative Develop­ village families were in debt; the cabinet in 1959, had been drafted. (2) that the total debts of the rural ment Bank ran into stiff opposition ' from the Finance Ministry, Lands population amounted to over The Central Bank working quite Ministry, and by sections of the press. Rs 500 million. indepedently of the Ministry of Agri­ The survey also revealed the start­ culture had come to this same con­ The Finance M:ni«ter took up the ling fact that of this debt only 2.6 per­ clusion, namely that the existing co­ position that the provision of credit cent was due to the aovernment anH operative credit organs in Ceylon were was his function and not the function 3,9 percent to the co-operative socie­ inefficient and inadequate and that of the Ministry of Agriculture, that the ties sponsored by the government. they should be completely reconsti­ establishment of a Co-operative De­ The remaining Heb+s were due to tuted. In fact on 29 May, 1956, the velopment Bank is totally unnecessary; private persons, the majoritv of whom Governor of the and that all the credit needs of the were landlords, boutique keeprs, itine­ rural .sector c»n be met adeqMaHy rant traders and prof»ss;onal money Governor of the Central Bank, Sir hy existing institutions like the Agri­ lenders.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Results of Parliamentary General Election - 1947
    RESULTS OF PARLIAMENTARY GENERAL ELECTION - 1947 No. and Name of Electoral District Name of the Elected Candidate Symbol allotted No of No of Total No. of Votes No of Votes Votes Polled including Registered Polled rejected rejected Electors 1 Colombo North George R. de Silva Umbrella 7,501 189 14,928 30,791 Lionel Cooray Elephant 6,130 E.C.H. Fernando Cup 501 A.P. de Zoysa House 429 H.C. Abeywardena Hand 178 2 Colombo Central A.E. Goonasinha Bicycle 23,470 3,489 102,772 55,994 T.B. Jayah Cart Wheel 18,439 Pieter Keuneman Umbrella 15,435 M.H.M. Munas House 8,600 Mrs. Ayisha Rauff Tree 8,486 V.J. Perera Elephant 5,950 V.A. Sugathadasa Lamp 4,898 G.W. Harry de Silva Pair of Scales 4,141 V.A. Kandiah Clock 3,391 S. Sarawanamuttu Chair 2,951 P. Givendrasingha Hand 1,569 K. Dahanayake Cup 997 K. Weeraiah Key 352 K.C.F. Deen Star 345 N.R. Perera Butterfly 259 3 Colombo South R. A. de Mel Key 6,452 149 18,218 31,864 P. Sarawanamuttu Flower 5,812 Bernard Zoysa Chair 3,774 M.G. Mendis Hand 1,936 V.J. Soysa Cup 95 Page 1 of 15 RESULTS OF PARLIAMENTARY GENERAL ELECTION - 1947 No. and Name of Electoral District Name of the Elected Candidate Symbol allotted No of No of Total No. of Votes No of Votes Votes Polled including Registered Polled rejected rejected Electors 4 Wellawatta-Galkissa Colvin R. de Silva Key 11,606 127 21,750 38,664 Gilbert Perera Cart Wheel 4,170 L.V.
    [Show full text]
  • RESULTS of PARLIAMENTARY GENERAL ELECTION - May 27, 1970 No of No of Total No
    RESULTS OF PARLIAMENTARY GENERAL ELECTION - May 27, 1970 No of No of Total No. of Votes No of No. and Name of Electoral District Name of the Elected Candidate Symbol allotted Votes Votes Polled including Registered Polled rejected rejected Electors 1 Colombo North V.A. Sugathadasa Elephant 20,930 97 44,511 Harris Wickremetunge Chair 13,783 W.I.A. Corsby Fernando Ship 164 A.S. Jayamaha Cockerel 97 2 Colombo Central R. Premadasa Elephant 69,310 5,491 240,597 99,265 Falil Caffoor Chair 63,624 Pieter Keuneman Star 58,557 M. Haleem Ishak Hand 41,716 C. Durairajah Umbrella 783 M. Haroun Careem Bell 413 Poopathy Saravanamuttu Ship 396 Panangadan Raman Krishnan Pair of Scales 307 3 Borella Kusala Abhayawardana (Mrs.) Key 16,421 50 32,810 42,849 M.H. Mohamed Elephant 15,829 M.A. Mansoor Pair of Scales 510 4 Colombo South J.R. Jayawardena Elephant 57,609 1,134 97,928 66,136 Bernard Soysa Key 36,783 Ratnasabapathy Wijaya Indra Eye 1,166 Ariyadasa Peiris Bell 561 A.S. Jayamaha Cockerel 241 Mudalige Justin Perera Flower 165 Joseph Beling Chair 164 Yathiendradasa Manampery Pair of Scales 105 5 Wattala A.D.J.L. Leo Hand 21,856 106 41,629 48,875 D. Shelton Jayasinghe Elephant 19,667 6 Negombo Denzil Fernando Elephant 20,457 132 36,509 44,284 Justin Fernando Hand 15,920 RESULTS OF PARLIAMENTARY GENERAL ELECTION - May 27, 1970 No of No of Total No. of Votes No of No. and Name of Electoral District Name of the Elected Candidate Symbol allotted Votes Votes Polled including Registered Polled rejected rejected Electors 7 Katana K.C.
    [Show full text]
  • Baila and Sydney Sri Lankans
    Public Postures, Private Positions: Baila and Sydney Sri Lankans Gina Ismene Shenaz Chitty A Thesis Submitted in Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Contemporary Music Studies Division of Humanities Macquarie University Sydney, Australia November 2005 © Copyright TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF F IG U R E S.......................................................................................................................................................................... II SU M M A R Y ......................................................................................................................................................................................Ill CER TIFIC ATIO N ...........................................................................................................................................................................IV A CK NO W LED GEM EN TS............................................................................................................................................................V PERSON AL PR EFA C E................................................................................................................................................................ VI INTRODUCTION: SOCIAL HISTORY OF BAILA 8 Anglicisation of the Sri Lankan elite .................... ............. 21 The English Gaze ..................................................................... 24 Miscegenation and Baila............................................................
    [Show full text]
  • William De Silva... from Page 9
    The Island Features Wednesday 22nd July, 2009 11 gene pool of 55%. The Sri Lankan Tamils are mostly Hindus with a sig- nificant Christian population. Sri Lankan Tamil literature on topics including religion and the sciences flourished during the Medieval Period in the Court of the Jaffna Kingdom. Sri Lankan Tamil dialects are noted for their archaism and retention of words not in everyday use in the Tamil Nadu state in India. Veddahs: The aboriginal Vanniyala-Aetto, or “forest people”, more commonly known as Veddas or Veddahs, are an indigenous people of Sri Lanka. They were never numerous and are now few in num- ber. Sinhala-speaking Veddahs are found primarily in the southeastern part of the country, especially in the vicinity of Bintenne in Uva Province. There are also Sinhala- Like some other speaking Veddas who live in Anuradhapura District in the North peoples of Sri Central Province. Another, largely distinct group, Lanka, the often termed East Coast Veddas, is Sinhalese“ have a found in coastal areas of the “ Eastern Province, mostly between caste-based socie- Batticaloa and Trincomalee. These Veddas speak Tamil as their pri- ty borrowed from mary language. India and with a Their language, usually referred A plantation worker to as ‘Veddah,’ is closely related to complex structure Sinhala, although much of its vocab- ulary (especially terms associated based largely on with the forest and their lifestyle) can not be traced to Sinhala and occupation. may be from an archaic language Marriage partners spoken before the adoption of the Sinhala language. are usually taken Examples include the Wanniyala- One Nation: Aetto word ruhang for friend, while from persons of the Sinhala word is yaluva There are also communities of Wanniyala- the same caste, Aetto who speak Tamil in the East diversity and preferably from Coast.
    [Show full text]
  • DISAPPEARANCES Disappeared
    This study explores the impact of the ruling elite’s political project through the experiences of 87 relatives of the DISAPPEARANCES DISAPPEARANCES disappeared. It considers how their own A SOCIOLOGICAL EXPLORATION OF A SOCIOLOGICAL EXPLORATION OF political project to re-establish the IN SRI LANKA socio–legal identity of the disappeared was exploited by the political elite and their own communities rendering them socially ostracised. Within this context, DISAPPEARANCES transitional justice mechanisms including prosecutions and social movements were manipulated and IN SRI LANKA politicised along party lines as part of a ritual of conspiracy against the victims to deny state terror and protect those responsible for it. About the author: Jane Thomson-Senanayake, B.A Hons (NSW), Grad Dip (NSW), Grad Cert (New England), M.A (Deakin), PhD (Sydney), is a human rights and social policy researcher. Her academic J research has focused on political ane Thomson-Senanayake violence, enforced disappearances, transitional justice and social restoration in contexts including Sri Lanka, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Indonesia and East Timor. She was awarded the Lionel Murphy Postgraduate Scholarship in 2004 and completed her PhD in 2013 at the University of Sydney. Her doctoral research, which explored enforced disapearances over three decades in Sri Lanka and involved extensive fieldwork across eight districts, provided the basis Rs 1000/= Jane Thomson-Senanayake for this publication. Asian Human Rights Commission, Unit 1 & 2 12/F, Hopeful Factory Centre 10-16 Wo Shing Street, Fotan, N.T. ,Hong Kong, China A SOCIOLOGICAL EXPLORATION OF DISAPPEARANCES IN SRI LANKA ''Not even a person, not even a word...'' Jane Thomson-Senanayake ii A sociological exploration of disappearances in Sri Lanka ''Not even a person, not even a word...'' © Jane Thomson-Senanayake 2014 ISBN (Print) : 978-955-4597-04-4 Published by Asian Human Rights Commission Unit 1 & 2 12/F.
    [Show full text]
  • Socialist Review (Sum­ April 15Th, 1964, Dr
    A Correction Editor: Correspondence In the article I wrote on Brazil, Editor: published in the last number of the International Socialist Review (Sum­ April 15th, 1964, Dr. Neville Al­ mer 1964), it is printed in the last exander and ten other nonwhite paragraph that the investments of South Africans, including four wo­ the USA reach $1,500,000. Evidently, men, were convicted in the Cape Su­ there was a typographical error, preme Court of "sabotage" and be­ since the investments of US capital­ longing to the militant "National ists in Brazil reach $1,500,000,000, Liberation Front" and sentenced to that is, 1.5 billion dollars. prison on Robben Island - South The total investment of the Unit­ Africa's version of an Auschwitz or ed States in Latin America in 1963 Belsen Nazi concentration camp. reached almost 10 billion dollars. Ten-year sentences were given to The most important countries for in­ Dr. Alexander, a doctor of philoso­ vestments in millions of dollars are: phy and high-school teacher, one of Venezuela: 3,000 the most brilliant graduates who Brazil: 1,500 ever went through Cape Town Uni­ Mexico: 1,000 versity in the Federal Republic of Argentina: 900 Germany; Don Davis, a minister; Chile: 850 Marcus Solomons, a school teacher; Panama: 650 Elizabeth van der Heyden, a school After Canada (the country that rep­ teacher; and Fikele Bam, an African resents the largest colony of Amer­ senior law student at Cape Town ican imperialism), it is the Latin University. Seven-year sentences American continent which absorbs were given to Lionel Davids, a clerk, most American foreign investment.
    [Show full text]
  • The Struggle for Trotskyism in Ceylon by Edmund Samarakkody
    NUMBER 22 WINTER 1973-74 35 CENTS The Struggle for Trotskyism in Ceylon by Edmund Samarakkody he Editorial Board of Spartacist is proud T to bring to our readers an important article making accessible to Trotskyists in the U.S. and internationally an analysis of the history and degeneration of the Trotskyist movement in Ceylon. This understanding is crucial for the rebirth of Trotskyism in Cey­ lon. The Ceylon experience has profound les­ sons for our movement, especially in the un­ derdeveloped countries, in the struggle to build sections of an authentic Fourth Interna­ tional rooted in the working class. The author ~ Edmund Samarakkody, is uniquely qualified to comment on this experi­ enceo A veteran Trotskyist militant and cur­ rently spokesman for the RevolutionaryWork­ ers Party of Ceylon, Comrade Samarakkody was a founding leader of the Ceylon section of the Fourth International. His early experi­ ence dates back to trade-union organizing for the Lanka Sama Samaja Party (LSSP) in the , years before World War II. During the war, Comrade Samarakkody, along with other cen­ tral leaders of the LSSP, was interned by the British and, following his escape, was in­ volved in coordinating the activities of the il­ Edmund Samarakkody BULLETIN legalized LSSP. He then joined other leaders of the LSSP in temporary emigration to India­ a crucial internationalizing experience for the Ceylonese Trotskyists-until the end ofthe war, Comrade Samarakkody's oppositional his­ USec Covers Up Tampoe tory began in 1957, when he and other left militants in the LSSP resisted the LSSP's Scandal ... 25 accommodation to the bourgeois nationalist Sri Lanka Freedom Party (SLFP).
    [Show full text]
  • List of Printing Presses in Sri Lanka
    LIST OF PRINTING PRESSES IN SRI LANKA (CORRECTED UPTO DECEMBER 31st 2013) DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL ARCHIVES NO. 07, PHILIP GUNAWARDENA MAWATHA, COLOMBO 07, SRI LANKA. 1 AMPARA DISTRICT Name of the Press Postal Address Proprietor Ampara Jayasiri Press. 59, Kalmunai Road, Ampara. P. S. A. Dharmasena Piyaranga Press, 46, D. S. Senanayaka Veediya, W. Albert Ampara. Samaru Printrs, 41/A, Fourth Avenue, D. B. Ariyawathi Ampara. A. T. Karunadasa S. A. Piyasena N. D. C. Gunasekara K. D. Chandralatha D. W. Dayananda I. G. Piyadasa E. D.Wicramasinghe G. G. Jayasinghe G. G. Siripala Akkaraipattu Expert Printers, 5, Careem Road, J. Mohamed Ashraf Akkaraipattu-01 Ruby printers, Main Street, Akkaraipattu F. M. Vussuflebai Kalmunai An – Noor Graphics Offset Akkarapattu Road, Kalmunai. Lebbe Khaleel Printers, Rahman Azeez Printing Industries, 97, Main Street, Kalmunai A. A. Azeez Godwin Press, 147, Main Street, Kalmunai T. Mahadeva Illampirai Press, Division, No. 1, Main Street M. I. M. Salih Marudamunai, Kalmunai Manamagal Auto Main Street, Kalmunai M. A. A. Majeed Printing Industries, Modern Printers, 139, Main Street, Kalmunai P. V. Kandiah 2 Maruthamunai Abna Offset Printers. 07, Main Street, U. L. Muhamed Maruthamunai.-01 Nakip Sainthamurathu National Printers, Main Street, Sainthamurathu Z. Z. K. Kariapper Royal Offset Printers, 254 A, Main Street, Abdul Haq Jauffer Sainthamaruthu - 09 Kariapper Star Offset Printers, 502, Main Street, M. I. H. Ismail Sainthamurathu Samanthurei. Easy Prints, Hidra Junction, Samanthurei. Ibra Lebbai Rizlia Sandunpura Eastern Press, 172, Muruthagaspitiya, G. G. Karunadasa Sandunpura Uhana Tharindu Offset Printers. Uhana. Meththananda Rubasinghe 3 ANURADHAPURA DISTRICT Name of the Press Postal Address Proprietor Anuradhapura Charles Press, 95 , Maitripala Senanayake- T.
    [Show full text]
  • Folkfrontismen På Ceylon
    1 Ernest Germain (Ernest Mandel) Folkfrontspolitik på Ceylon Från vacklan till kapitulation (hösten 1964) Från International Socialist Review, vol.25 nr.4, hösten 1964, ss.104-117. Artikeln skrevs på begäran av tidskriftsredaktörerna. Ceylon (nuvarande Sri Lanka) är ett av de få ställen där trotskismen nått en dominerande ställning inom arbetarrörelsen i form av partiet LSSP. Denna ställning innehade LSSP i nära 30 år, men i mitten av 1960-talet kapitulerade partiledningens majoritet för frestelserna att delta i en borgerlig (vänster)regering och bröt med Fjärde Internationalen. Den följande artikeln handlar om detta. För den som vill veta mer om LSSP och dess historia rekommenderas specialnumret av tid- skriften Revolutionary History vol. 6 no. 4 (1997), ”Blows Against the Empire. Trotskyism in Ceylon. The Lanka Sama Samaja Party, 1935-1964”, som ger en grundlig historik och doku- mentation av detta parti (över 300 sidor) MF Majoritetsbeslutet vid Lankas Sama Samaja Partys (LSSP) särskilda konferens 6-7 juni att gå med i fru Sirimavo Bandaranaikes liberala borgerliga regering på Ceylon [nu: Sri Lanka] var en tung förlust för Fjärde internationalen. Det faktum att den världsomspännande trotskistiska organisationen enhälligt beslutade att bryta relationerna med majoriteten i en av dess vikti- gaste sektioner på grund av detta svek mot de ceylonesiska arbetarnas och fattigböndernas grundläggande intressen och den revolutionära marxismens grundläggande principer, visar att den internationella trotskistiska rörelsen som helhet är trogen den
    [Show full text]
  • RESULTS of the PARLIAMENTARY GENERAL ELECTION - 20/07/1960 No of No of Total No
    RESULTS OF THE PARLIAMENTARY GENERAL ELECTION - 20/07/1960 No of No of Total No. of Votes No of No. and Name of Electoral District Name of the Elected Candidate Symbol allotted Votes Votes Polled including Registered Polled rejected rejected Electors 1 Colombo North V.A. Sugathadasa Elephant 11,507 92 22,962 29,434 Vivienne Goonewardene(Mrs) Key 11,363 2 Colombo Central Sir Razik Fareed Hand 45,342 3,488 179,584 74,922 Pieter Keuneman Star 38,663 M.C. M. Kaleel Eye 37,486 R. Premadasa Elephant 35,035 P.B. Thampoe Key 16,406 M.S. Themis Cart Wheel 3,164 3 Borella W. Danister de Silva Hand 11,409 128 20,227 28,423 R.B. Lenora Elephant 8,690 4 Colombo South J.R. Jayewardene Chair 25,814 1,056 61,416 42,367 Bernard Soysa Key 23,914 Edmund Samarawickrema Elephant 5,765 George Jayasuriya Butterfly 3,750 Vijaya Gunaratne Cart Wheel 1,022 N. Alfred de Fonseka Ladder 95 5 Wattala D. Shelton Jayasinghe Elephant 11,633 68 23,611 30,201 A.D.J.L.Leo Hand 11,529 W.S. Perera Cart Wheel 287 D.J. Weerackody Butterfly 94 6 Negombo T. Quintin Fernando Elephant 14,469 124 21,701 32,569 M.B. Kurera Hand 7,108 7 Katana Wijayapala Mendis Elephant 10,846 121 21,769 31,019 Hector Fernando Key 10,802 RESULTS OF THE PARLIAMENTARY GENERAL ELECTION - 20/07/1960 No of No of Total No. of Votes No of No. and Name of Electoral District Name of the Elected Candidate Symbol allotted Votes Votes Polled including Registered Polled rejected rejected Electors 8 Divulapitiya Lakshman Jayakody Hand 15,049 94 25,846 32,755 Percy Jayakody Elephant 10,310 Amarapala Ariyatillake Eye 211 D.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Colombo, 1959), P
    Notes CHAPTER 1 1. See S. Paranavitana, 'Aryan Settlements: The Sinhalese', in University of Ceylon, History of Ceylon, Vol. I, Part I (Colombo, 1959), p. 84. 2. See his 'Prince Vijaya and the Aryanization of Ceylon', The Ceylon Historical Journal, Vol. 1, No.3 (January 1952), p. 67. 3. See G. C. Mendis, The Early History of Ceylon (Colombo, 1946), p. 3. 4. See C. W. Nicholas, 'Agriculture and Irrigation', in History of Ceylon, Vol. I, Part I; pp. 553-8. 5. For further details see Walpola Rahula, History of Buddhism in Ceylon: The Anuradhapura Period, 3rd Century B.C.-10th Century A.D. (Colombo, 1956). 6. See S. Paranavitana, 'Triumph of Dutthagamani', in History of Ceylon, Vol. I, Part I, pp. 151-61. 7. See C. W. Nicholas, 'Civil Wars and the Emergence of Parakramabahu the Great' and 'The Reign of Parakramabahu 1', in History of Ceylon, Vol. I, Part II (Colombo, 1960), pp. 442-86. 8. See S. Natesan, 'The Northern Kingdom', in History of Ceylon, Vol. I, Part II, pp. 691-702, and S. Arasaratnam, Ceylon (Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1964), pp. 98-116. 9. For further information and an excellent account of the negotiations see K. W. Goonewardena, The Foundations of Dutch Power in Ceylon 1638-1658 (Amsterdam, 1958), especially pp. 12-22. 10. For further information see S. Arasaratnam, Dutch Power in Ceylon (1658-1687) (Amsterdam, 1958). 11. 0 p. cit. See also Arasaratnam, 'The Administrative Organisation of the Dutch East India Company in Ceylon', The Ceylon Journal of Historical and Social Studies, Vol. 8, Nos 1 and 2, pp.
    [Show full text]
  • Making Ends Meet: Women's Livelihoods in Post-War Sri Lanka
    Sustaining a state in conflict: Politics of foreign aid in Sri Lanka Sunil Bastian This study focuses on the politics of foreign aid to Sri Lanka from developed capitalist countries of the West, Japan and multilateral agencies during the period Making Ends Meet: Women’s 1977 to the end of the armed conflict between Sri Lankan security forces and the Sustaining a state in conflict: Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam. This period is characterised by economic policies Livelihoods in Post-War Sri Lanka that emphasised openness to global capitalism, markets and the private sector, Politics of foreign aid in Sri Lanka and an armed conflict resulting from the demand by the Tamil minority for a separate state. The study seeks to unpack the role played by foreign aid within this political economy. The approach taken by the study looks at foreign aid as a political factor within Sri Lanka having a complex relationship with the state and the ruling elite. The study shows that foreign aid was an essential element in sustaining the Sri Lankan state while it engaged in an expensive war. It provided resources and legitimacy within the structures of global governance. The primary reasons for this were the liberal economic policies followed by the country. But, at the same time, it was also a force that sought a political solution to the conflict, highlighted violations of human rights, and supported various initiatives in finding a solution. In short, it was neither the do-gooder that many liberals believe in, nor the foreign devil that Sinhala nationalists like to see.
    [Show full text]