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Türkiye Selçukluları Ve Anadolu Beylikleri Tarihi Adlı Dersimizde Başarılı Olabilmeniz Öncelikle Bu Kitabı Dikkatli Bir Şekilde Okuyup Anlamanıza Bağlıdır

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Türkiye Selçukluları Ve Anadolu Beylikleri Tarihi Adlı Dersimizde Başarılı Olabilmeniz Öncelikle Bu Kitabı Dikkatli Bir Şekilde Okuyup Anlamanıza Bağlıdır TÜRKİYE SELÇUKLULARI VE ANADOLU BEYLİKLERİ TARİHİ TARİH LİSANS PROGRAMI PROF. DR. MUHARREM KESİK İSTANBUL ÜNİVERSİTESİ AÇIK VE UZAKTAN EĞİTİM FAKÜLTESİ İSTANBUL ÜNİVERSİTESİ AÇIK VE UZAKTAN EĞİTİM FAKÜLTESİ TARİH LİSANS PROGRAMI TÜRKİYE SELÇUKLULARI VE ANDOLU BEYLİKLERİ TARİHİ Prof. Dr. Muharrem Kesik ÖNSÖZ Bu elinizdeki çalışma Türkiye Selçuklu Tarihi ve Anadolu Beylikleri alanlarında bilgi veren kaynak ve araştırma eserlerden yararlanılarak yazılmıştır. Çalışmanın başlıca iki konusundan biri olan Türkiye Selçuklu Siyasi Tarihi; bu dönemde hüküm süren sultanların önemli faaliyetlerinin yer aldığı bölümler halinde hazırlanmıştır. Diğer ana konu Anadolu Beylikleri ise, Beylikler’in isimlerinin yer aldığı başlıklar halinde verilmiştir. Kitabın başında yer alan Süleymanşah, I. Kılıç Arslan ve I. Mesud Dönemi başlıkları, genelde bu konular çok iyi bilinmediği için biraz daha ayrıntılı işlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Böylece öğrencilerin derse hazırlanmada kolaylıkla kullanabileceği bir ders kitabı haline getirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Metni hazırlarken daha önce yazmış olduğumuz makale, bildiri, madde ve kitaplardan faydalandığımız gibi bu alanda söz sahibi Prof. Dr. Osman Turan, Prof. Dr. Faruk Sümer, Prof. Dr. Erdoğan Merçil, Prof. Dr. Işın Demirkent ve Prof. Dr. Abdülkerim Özaydın gibi değerli tarihçilerin eserlerinden yararlandık. Bu eserin ortaya çıkmasında katkıları olan öğrencilerime ve özellikle Şeyhmus Nayır’a teşekkür ederim. Ayrıca bu ders kitabının siz değerli AUZEF öğrencilerimize ulaştırılmasında emeği geçen tüm AUZEF çalışanlarına teşekkürü bir borç bilirim. I İÇİNDEKİLER ÖNSÖZ ...................................................................................................................................................... I İÇİNDEKİLER ........................................................................................................................................ II KISALTMALAR ........................................................................................................................................ VII YAZAR NOTU ......................................................................................................................................... VIII 1. TÜRKİYE SELÇUKLU DEVLETİ’NİN KURULUŞU VE SÜLEYMANŞAH DÖNEMİ ........................................ 1 1.1. Bizans ile İlişkiler ve Devletin Kuruluşu ............................................................................................ 8 1.2. Drakon Suyu Antlaşması ................................................................................................................. 10 1.3. Süleymanşâh’ın Kilikya Seferi ......................................................................................................... 12 1.4. Süleymanşâh’ın Antakya’yı Fethi ve Ölümü ................................................................................... 13 2. EBÛ’L-KASIM DÖNEMİ ....................................................................................................................... 24 3. SULTAN I. KILIÇ ARSLAN DÖNEMİ (1093-1107) ve TÜRKİYE SELÇUKLU TAHTINDA SALTANAT MÜCADELESİ .......................................................................................................................................... 42 3.1. İznik’e Gelişi ve Tahta Oturması ..................................................................................................... 49 3.2. Bizans’a Karşı İlk Mücadele ve İzmir Beyi Çaka ile İlişkileri ............................................................ 50 3.3. Kılıç Arslan-Bizans İttifakı ve Çaka Bey’in Bertaraf Edilmesi ........................................................... 51 3.4. Malatya Kuşatması ......................................................................................................................... 52 3.5. Kılıç Arslan ve Haçlılar ..................................................................................................................... 53 3.5.1. Haçlı Seferleri’nin Nedenleri ve Haçlıların Anadolu’ya Gelişi .............................................. 53 3.5.2. Haçlılarla Yapılan İlk Mücadele ............................................................................................ 55 3.5.3. Düzenli Haçlı Ordularının Anadolu’ya Gelmesi ve İznik’in Kaybı (18 Haziran 1097) ........... 56 3.5.4. Dorylaion Savaşı (30 Haziran 1097) ..................................................................................... 59 3.5.5. Ereğli Yakınındaki Savaş ....................................................................................................... 60 3.5.6. I. Haçlı Seferinden Sonra Anadolu ve Kılıç Arslan’ın Faaliyetleri ......................................... 61 3.5.7. Dânişmend Gümüştegin Ahmed Gâzi’nin Bohemund’u Esir Alması (1100) ........................ 62 3.5.8. 1101 Yılı Haçlı Seferleri ........................................................................................................ 63 3.6. Kılıç Arslan’ın Dânişmendliler ve Büyük Selçuklulara Karşı Mücadelesi ......................................... 67 3.6.1. Kılıç Arslan-Dânişmend Gümüştegin Gâzi Mücadelesi ve Kılıç Arslan’ın Malatya’yı Ele Geçirmesi ....................................................................................................................................... 67 3.6.2. Kılıç Arslan’ın Doğu’da Genişlemesi ve Büyük Selçuklu Devleti ile Münâsebetleri ............. 68 3.7. Sultan Kılıç Arslan’ın Şahsiyeti ........................................................................................................ 71 3.8. Sultan I. Kılıç Arslan’ın Ölümünden Sonra Türkiye Selçuklu Devleti’nin Durumu .......................... 72 3.8.1. Sultan I. Kılıç Arslan’ın Eşi Ayşe Hâtun ile Oğlu Tuğrul Arslan’ın Malatya’ya Gelmesi ve Tuğrul Arslan’ın Hükümdarlığının İlân Edilmesi ............................................................................. 72 3.8.2. Bizans Kuvvetlerinin Türklere Saldırısı, Emîr Hasan’ın Karşı Harekâtı ve Mağlubiyeti ........ 73 II 3.9. Melikşah (Şahinşah)’ın Hükümdarlık Devri..................................................................................... 75 3.9.1. Melikşah (Şahinşah)’ın Bizans İmparatoru İle Barış Yapması .............................................. 75 3.9.2. Sultan Melikşah (Şahinşah)’ın Bizans’a Karşı Yeni Bir Seferi (1113) .................................... 75 3.9.3. Türkiye Selçuklu-Bizans Mücadelesi ve Aleksios’un Akşehir Seferi (1116) ......................... 80 4. SULTAN I. MESUD DÖNEMİ (1116-1155) .......................................................................................... 91 4.1. Sultan Mesud’un Hapisten Kurtularak Saltanat Mücadelesine Girişmesi ve Türkiye Selçuklu Tahtını Ele Geçirmesi ............................................................................................................................. 98 4.2. Anadolu’da Üstünlüğün Dânişmendliler’in Eline Geçmesi ........................................................... 100 4.2.1. Sultan Mesud ile Dânişmendli Emîr Gazi Arasındaki Münasebetler ................................. 100 4.2.2. Sultan Mesud-Melik Arab Mücadelesi .............................................................................. 101 4.3. Sultan Mesud ile Dânişmendli Melik Muhammed Arasındaki Münâsebetler .............................. 103 4.4. Anadolu’da Üstünlüğün Yeniden Türkiye Selçuklularının Eline Geçmesi ..................................... 105 4.5. Türkiye Selçuklu Devleti ile Bizans İmparatorluğu Arasındaki Münasebetler (1118-1155) ......... 106 4.5.1. Sultan Mesud ile İmparator Ioannes Komnenos Arasındaki Münasebetler (1118-1143) . 107 4.5.2. Sultan Mesud ile Manuel Komnenos Arasındaki Münasebetler (1143-1155) .................. 113 4.6. II. Haçlı Seferi Orduları Karşısında Sultan I. Mesud ve Selçuklular ............................................... 118 4.7. Sultan I. Mesud’un Ermeniler Üzerine Düzenlediği Seferler ........................................................ 119 4.7.1. İmparator Manuel’in II. Toros’a Karşı Selçuklulardan Yardım İstemesi ve Sultan Mesud’un Birinci Kilikya Seferi ..................................................................................................................... 119 4.7.2. Sultan Mesud’un İkinci Kilikya Seferi ................................................................................. 120 4.8. Sultan Mesud’un Ölümü ve Şahsiyeti ........................................................................................... 121 5. II. KILIÇ ARSLAN DÖNEMİ (1155-1192) ............................................................................................ 130 5.1. Dânişmendli Yağıbasan ile II. Kılıç Arslan Arasındaki İlişkiler (1155-1164) ................................... 137 5.2. Sultan II. Kılıç Arslan’ın İstanbul’a Düzenlediği Diplomatik Ziyaret .............................................. 140 5.2.1. İstanbul Antlaşması ........................................................................................................... 142 5.2.2. Türklerin Gerçekleştirdiği İlk Uçuş Denemesi .................................................................... 144 5.3. Sultan II. Kılıç Arslan-Melik Yağıbasan Mücadelesinde Son Perde ............................................... 146 5.4. Sultan II. Kılıç Arslan’ın Dânişmendlileri Ortadan Kaldırma Teşebbüsü ve Nûreddin Mahmud ile İlişkiler ................................................................................................................................................. 147 5.5. Myriokephalon Savaşı (1176) ......................................................................................................
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