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The New Mexico Volunteers
THE NEW MEXICO VOLUNTEERS In the American Civil War 1861-1862 By David Poulin Index Introduction page 2 Chapter One – Texan Invasions page 5 Chapter Two – The Stage page 21 Chapter Three – The First Regiment page 42 Chapter Four – Recruitment Continues page 64 Chapter Five – Five Percent! page 88 Chapter Six – The Battle of Valverde page 113 Appendix – Unit Listings page 136 Index – List of Biographical Sketches page 143 Cover drawing by _________. _______ depicts the First New Mexico guarding the left flank of the army on the morning of the Battle of Valverde. They are observing the progress of the battle from their position. Colonel Kit Carson is standing in front with Captain Louis Felsenthal on the left. 2 INTRODUCTION It’s possible that history students and Civil War buffs will not understand the American Civil War in New Mexico if they are not familiar with New Mexico itself - it’s history and cultural heritage, in short – what kind of people lived here. If we read only the popular histories available on the Civil War period we get the impression that the New Mexicans had never volunteered for military duty before….that they were untrustworthy, untried, and their very enlistment was a great experiment of sorts, almost amounting to the controversial use of black troops in the eastern states. This is not quite how it was. We cannot look at the situation in the southwest with the same political, religious and cultural points of view that existed in the ‘mainstream’ United States. People here did not have any real experience with the issues of Negro slavery, State’s Rights, and economics as they existed east of the Mississippi. -
Two New Mexican Lives Through the Nineteenth Century
Hannigan 1 “Overrun All This Country…” Two New Mexican Lives Through the Nineteenth Century “José Francisco Chavez.” Library of Congress website, “General Nicolás Pino.” Photograph published in Ralph Emerson Twitchell, The History of the Military July 15 2010, https://www.loc.gov/rr/hispanic/congress/chaves.html Occupation of the Territory of New Mexico, 1909. accessed March 16, 2018. Isabel Hannigan Candidate for Honors in History at Oberlin College Advisor: Professor Tamika Nunley April 20, 2018 Hannigan 2 Contents Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... 2 I. “A populace of soldiers”, 1819 - 1848. ............................................................................................... 10 II. “May the old laws remain in force”, 1848-1860. ............................................................................... 22 III. “[New Mexico] desires to be left alone,” 1860-1862. ...................................................................... 31 IV. “Fighting with the ancient enemy,” 1862-1865. ............................................................................... 53 V. “The utmost efforts…[to] stamp me as anti-American,” 1865 - 1904. ............................................. 59 Conclusion .............................................................................................................................................. 72 Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................................ -
I846-I912 a Territorial History
The Far Southwest I846-I912 A Territorial History Howard Roberts Lamar The Norton Library W • W .-NORTON & COMPANY • INC· NEW YORK For Shirley Acknowledgments The number of individuals and institutions to whom I am indebted for making this study pos sible is so great that it is impossible for me to ex~ press adequate thanks to all. Among the many officials and staff members of the National ~rchives who have courteously searched COPYRIGHT@ 1970 BY W. W. NORTON & COMPANY, INC. out pertinent materials in the Territorial Papers of the United States COPYRIGHT© 1966 BY YALE UNIVERSITY I am particularly grateful to the late Clarence E. Carter and to Robert Baluner. Ray Allen Billington not only provided support First published in the Norton Library 1970 by arrangement with Yale University Press. and advice but gave me a chance to test several of my conclusions in public meetings. George W. Pierson, as chairman of the Yale History Department, arranged two leaves of absence for me between 1959 SBN 393 00522 4 and 1961, so that I could give full time to the study. Archibald Hanna, Director of the Yale Western Americana Collection, did all in his power to supply me with needed manuscript materials on the Far Southwest. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED A grant from the Henry E. Huntington Library in 1957 permitted Published simultaneously in Canada by George J. McLeod Limited, Toronto-. the use of the splendid New Mexico Collection of William G. Ritch. In 1959 a fellowship from the American Council of Learned Societies enabled me to visit state archives and historical libraries throughout the Southwest. -
The Role of the Army Inspector in the Southwest: Nelson H. Davis in New Mexico and Arizona, 1863–1873
New Mexico Historical Review Volume 59 Number 2 Article 2 4-1-1984 The Role of the Army Inspector in the Southwest: Nelson H. Davis in New Mexico and Arizona, 1863–1873 Darlis A. Miller Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/nmhr Recommended Citation Miller, Darlis A.. "The Role of the Army Inspector in the Southwest: Nelson H. Davis in New Mexico and Arizona, 1863–1873." New Mexico Historical Review 59, 2 (1984). https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/ nmhr/vol59/iss2/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in New Mexico Historical Review by an authorized editor of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]. THE ROLE OF THE ARMY INSPECTOR IN THE SOUTHWEST: NELSON H. DAVIS IN NEW MEXICO AND ARIZONA, 1863-1873 DARLIS A. MILLER THE FRONTIER ARMY PLAYED MULTIPLE ROLES in furthering the development and settlement of the American Southwest. Its pri mary task was to subdue hostile Indians, but it also built roads, guarded railroad construction crews, aided destitute farmers, and provided markets for local crops and materials. Such success as the army enjoyed in carrying out these important duties can be attrib uted in part to a small group of officers assigned to the inspector general's department. Established in 1813, this department investigated "all matters affecting the efficiency, discipline, and welfare of the Army."1 In post-Civil War years, its typical staff of eight regular inspectors was too small to carry out coast-to-coast inspections, forcing the department to appoint line officers as acting as~istant inspectors whenever the need arose. -
Lincoln's New Mexico Patronage: Saving the Far Southwest for the Union
New Mexico Historical Review Volume 75 Number 4 Article 3 10-1-2000 Lincoln's New Mexico Patronage: Saving the Far Southwest for the Union Deren Earl Kellogg Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/nmhr Recommended Citation Kellogg, Deren Earl. "Lincoln's New Mexico Patronage: Saving the Far Southwest for the Union." New Mexico Historical Review 75, 4 (2000). https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/nmhr/vol75/iss4/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in New Mexico Historical Review by an authorized editor of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. President Abraham Lincoln, ca. 1861. (Photograph by Matthew Brady, neg. no. 0-60, courtesy The Lincoln Museum, Ft. Wayne, Ind.) Lincoln's New Mexico Patronage: Saving the Far Southwest for the Union DEREN EARL KELLOGG New Mexico Territory receives scant mention in connection with the administration of President Abraham Lincoln. Historians have generally concluded that Lincoln and other federal officials attached no great value to the territory and mostly neglected it. It is true that Lincoln could devote little attention to the administration of the western territories during the Civil War, which threatened the very future ofthe country. However, evi I, dence suggests that Lincoln did care about saving New Mexico:for the Union and should be given some credit for achieving this goal. Aithough Lincoln's western patronage record was generally undistinguished, his appointments to the New Mexico Territory were popular men who had' experience in the Southwest and who often did not identify themselves with the Republican Party. -
The Confederate Territory of Arizona, from Official Sources
New Mexico Historical Review Volume 17 Number 2 Article 4 4-1-1942 The Confederate Territory of Arizona, from Official Sources F. S. Donnell Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/nmhr Recommended Citation Donnell, F. S.. "The Confederate Territory of Arizona, from Official Sources." New Mexico Historical Review 17, 2 (). https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/nmhr/vol17/iss2/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in New Mexico Historical Review by an authorized editor of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]. THE CONFEDERATE TERRITORY OF ARIZONA, AS COMPILED FROM OFFICIAL SOURCES, By F. S. DONNELL HE TERRITORY of New Mexico was formed under an act T · of congress passed September 9th, 1850, and included· in its boundaries part of the lands transferred by Mexico to the United States after the Mexican War and part of the territory ceded by Texas in 1850. Its northern boundary was described as running west from the 103rd degree of longitude and the 38th degree of latitude to the summit of the Sierra Madre, thence south with the crest of said mountains to the 37th parallel, thence west to the boundary line of California. Its southern boundary followeg the boundary line of the Republic of Mexico east to the Rio Grande, thence along the 32nd parallel to the 103rd degree of longitude. This territory was enlarged on August 4th, 1854, by ' the addition of the Gadsden purchase; and it was reduced by the formation .of Colorado Territory in 1861, which took away all lands north of the 37th parallel, and of Arizona Territory in 1863 which took all west of the 109th degree r \ of longitude, leaving the boundaries as they exist today. -
3 Garrisoning of the Southwest
Contents “Manifest Destiny” ........................................................................................................ 4 Outpost in Apacheria .................................................................................................. 10 The Apache as W arrior ................................................................................................ 12 Dragoons: Garrisoning the Gadsden Purchase ...................................................... 18 Outposts: Tactics in the Apache Campaigns ........................................................... 20 Outposts: Col. Bonneville and the ............................................................................ 33 1857 Battle of the Gila River ....................................................................................... 33 Outposts: The U.S. Army in the Pimeria Alta ........................................................... 36 Voices: Bald y Ewell at For t Buchanan...................................................................... 43 Outposts: The Navaho Campaigns of 1858-60 ......................................................... 44 Roll Call: Sarah Bowman—The Great W estern ........................................................ 49 Outposts: The Anglo Settlers .................................................................................... 51 The Rancher ................................................................................................................. 51 The Miner .................................................................................................................... -
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND AHD DEVELOPMENT of by Mulford
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND AHD DEVELOPMENT of ARIL.ONA llli\/SPAPEH PUBLISHING By Mulford Winsor Phoenix, Arizona February 12, 1946 HISTO1UCAL BACKGROUND AJ;'LJ DEVELOPMENT OF ARI2,ONA 1'EvuSPAPEH PUBLISHING l A . ' / An addressAdeliverea at a breakfast meeting of the Repub lic and Gazette Executives Club, bela at the Adams �-Botel, Phoenix, Arizona, February 12, 1946, � Mr. chairman, frlbends, executives of' the Hepublic and Gazette: When the newspaper virus gets a good hold in one's system it is hara to eradicate. It is some tbirt)-five years now since I was connected with newspaper work in any capacity, yet to this day I find myself appraisine the newspapers that come to my attention, not merely from the standpoint of reader interest but in a technical sense, wivh respect to format, typographical style, news and eaitorial policy, the character and quality of' special features, and all that goes to charac terize a newspaper, to distinguish one from another and the new�paper of today from that of my day and earlier days. , Nor is this all that reveals a lingering trace of the newspaper virus in my veins. It is about fifteen �ars since I retired from the fiela of political activity and engaged in a service the claims of which upon my time and nervous energy were such as to oblige me to deny myself the pleasure of in dulging ln speech-making.· But when Charlie Stauffer gave me a bid to talk to you executives of the Republic and Gazette the tempt&tion was too gre&t. I could not resist the oppor !- tunity to spend an hour or so with so aistinpuished a �roup of representatives of the profession in which I �as once priv- .., ileged to play a minor and inconspicuous part. -
Fort Union and the Santa Fe Trail
New Mexico Historical Review Volume 36 Number 1 Article 3 1-1-1961 Fort Union and the Santa Fe Trail Robert M. Utley Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/nmhr Recommended Citation Utley, Robert M.. "Fort Union and the Santa Fe Trail." New Mexico Historical Review 36, 1 (1961). https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/nmhr/vol36/iss1/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in New Mexico Historical Review by an authorized editor of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]. FORT UNION AND THE SANTA FE TRAIL By ROBERT M. UTLEY * OR over half a century a wide band of wagon ruts joined FNew Mexico, first as a Mexican province, later as Ameri can territory, to the Missouri frontier and the States. Be tween the American conquest in 1846 and the coming of the railroad in the decade of the seventies, the Santa Fe Trail was a momentous avenue of commerce, transportation, and communication. In Kansas the Trail divided, to enter New Mexico by two routes. The Cimarron Cutoff, shortest but most dangerous fork, turned southwest from the Arkansas River and followed the dry course of the Cimarron River into the Oklahoma pan handle, reaching New Mexico near present Clayton..The Mountain Branch, 100 miles longer and with the treacherous barrier of Raton Pass, kept to the north bank of the Arkansas, turned southwest along the base of the Rockies, and dropped into New Mexico at Raton Pass. -
General Crook's Administration in Arizona, 1871-75
General Crook's administration in Arizona, 1871-75 Item Type text; Thesis-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Bahm, Linda Weldy Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 29/09/2021 11:58:29 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/551868 GENERAL CROOK'S ADMINISTRATION IN ARIZONA, 1871-75 by Linda Weldy Bahm A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 19 6 6 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This thesis has been submitted in partial fu lfill ment of requirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this thesis are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for per mission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in his judgment the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholarship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author. SIGNED: APPROVAL BY THESIS DIRECTOR This thesis has been approved on the date shown below: J/{ <— /9 ^0 JOHN ALEXANDER CARROLL ^ T 5 ite Professor of History PREFACE In the four years following the bloody attack on an Indian encampment by a Tucson posse early in 1871, the veteran professional soldier George Crook had primary responsibility for the reduction and containment of the "hostile" Indians of the Territory of Arizona. -
Military Establishments in Southwestern New Mexico: Stepping Stones to Settlement
New Mexico Historical Review Volume 43 Number 1 Article 2 1-1-1968 Military Establishments in Southwestern New Mexico: Stepping Stones to Settlement Lee Myers Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/nmhr Recommended Citation Myers, Lee. "Military Establishments in Southwestern New Mexico: Stepping Stones to Settlement." New Mexico Historical Review 43, 1 (1968). https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/nmhr/vol43/iss1/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in New Mexico Historical Review by an authorized editor of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]. 5 MILITARY ESTABLISHMENTS IN SOUTHWESTERN NEW MEXICO: STEPPING STONES TO SETTLEMENT LEE MYERS sOUTHWESTERN NEW MEXICO was unequivocally Apache coun try. The plateaus, rolling hills, and mountains surrounded by the fertile valleys of the Mimbres and Gila Rivers were ranged by one of the most prominent branches of the Apache, the Mimbrefio. Smaller bands often received names from their geographical loca tions: Warm Springs, Copper Mine, Coyotero or Gila Apache. To the north and west were their cousins, the Mogollon, Pinal, and TontoApache.1 With the end ofthe Mexican War life in the Southwest and California began to change from the easygoing Mexican way. to the avaricious, restless, dog-eat-dog Yankee mode. Following hard on the heels of the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in I 848, the frantic rush of gold hunters to California began. Southern im migrants to the land of promise immediately. hit the trail west ward through New Mexico and Arizona, often following routes pioneered by Kearny and Cooke on the march to the conquest of California. -
The Far Southwest I846-I912 a Territorial History Howard Roberts
147 The Far Southwest I846-I912 A Territorial History Howard Roberts Lamar The Norton Library W • W .-NORTON & COMPANY • INC· NEW YORK For Shirley Acknowledgments The number of individuals and institutions to whom I am indebted for making this study pos sible is so great that it is impossible for me to ex~ press adequate thanks to all. Among the many officials and staff members of the National ~rchives who have courteously searched COPYRIGHT@ 1970 BY W. W. NORTON & COMPANY, INC. out pertinent materials in the Territorial Papers of the United States COPYRIGHT© 1966 BY YALE UNIVERSITY I am particularly grateful to the late Clarence E. Carter and to Robert Baluner. Ray Allen Billington not only provided support First published in the Norton Library 1970 by arrangement with Yale University Press. and advice but gave me a chance to test several of my conclusions in public meetings. George W. Pierson, as chairman of the Yale History Department, arranged two leaves of absence for me between 1959 SBN 393 00522 4 and 1961, so that I could give full time to the study. Archibald Hanna, Director of the Yale Western Americana Collection, did all in his power to supply me with needed manuscript materials on the Far Southwest. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED A grant from the Henry E. Huntington Library in 1957 permitted Published simultaneously in Canada by George J. McLeod Limited, Toronto-. the use of the splendid New Mexico Collection of William G. Ritch. In 1959 a fellowship from the American Council of Learned Societies enabled me to visit state archives and historical libraries throughout the Southwest.