Contrôle De La Température D'un Autoclave Par Un Microcontrôleur PIC 16F877

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Contrôle De La Température D'un Autoclave Par Un Microcontrôleur PIC 16F877 اﻟﺠﻤﮭﻮرﯾﺔ اﻟﺠﺰاﺋﺮﯾﺔ اﻟﺪﯾﻤﻘﺮاطﯿـﺔ اﻟﺸﻌﺒﯿــﺔ République Algérienne Démocratique et Populaire وزارة اﻟﺘـﻌﻠﯿــﻢ اﻟﻌﺎﻟـﻲ واﻟﺒﺤــﺚ اﻟﻌﻠﻤــــﻲ Ministère de l’Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche Scientifique اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﻲ ﺑﻠﺤﺎج ﺑﻮﺷﻌﯿﺐ ﻟﻌﯿﻦ ﺗﻤﻮﺷﻨﺖ Centre Universitaire Belhadj Bouchaib d’Ain-Témouchent Institut de Technologie Département de Génie Electrique Projet de Fin d’Etudes Pour l’obtention du diplôme de Master en : Domaine : SCIENCE ET TECHNOLOGIE Filière : GENIE ELECTRIQUE Spécialité : ELECTRONIQUE BIOMEDICALE Thème Contrôle de la température d’un autoclave par un microcontrôleur PIC 16F877 Présenté Par : 1) BOUARFA Djalila 2) BOUCHAALA Fadéla Devant le jury composé de : Dr BENYAHIA Karima M.C.A C.U.B.B (Ain Témouchent) Présidente Dr BENCHERIF Kaddour M.C.B C.U.B.B (Ain Témouchent) Encadrant Mr. BENGANA Abdelfatih M .A.A C.U.B.B (Ain Témouchent) Examinateur Année universitaire 2016/2017 Remerciements Les paroles peuvent être parfois insuffisantes parce qu’elles ne peuvent traduire nos estimables reconnaissances envers toute personne qui nous a exprimé son soutien, son aide, son encouragement et sa collaboration pour arriver à fin de ce modeste travail. On tient à remercier tout d’abord notre Dieu qui nous a donné le courage et la volonté et qui nous a aidé et montré le chemin du savoir. Nos plus sincères remerciement à notre encadrant Dr BENCHERIF Kaddour pour sa patience, sa disponibilité, ses efforts, ses précieux conseils qui nous ont été très utiles et ses critiques objectives sur la démarche de notre travail. Permettez nous Monsieur de vous exprimer notre reconnaissance et notre respect. Nous adressons aussi toute notre gratitude et respect envers la présidente du jury Dr.BENYAHIA Karima et l’examinateur Mr. BENGANA Abdelfatih qui nous ont honorés en acceptant de juger et d’enrichir notre travail. Nous tenons à remercier le directeur de centre universitaire BEHADJ BOUCHAIB d’Ain Témouchent, et le chef de département et tous les enseignements de la filière de génie électrique. Nous remercions aussi tous les techniciens des laboratoires pédagogiques d’électronique et de biologie de notre centre universitaire pour leurs soutiens inconditionnels et leur aide si précieuse. On remercie également toutes nos familles, et nos amies pour leurs aides et leurs soutiens. Enfin, nous remercions tous ceux qui, de prés ou de loin, on contribue à l’aboutissement de ce projet. Un grand Merci Dédicace 1 Au nom de dieu le clément, le très miséricordieux Qu’il me soit permis de dédier cet ouvrage qui est le fruit de cinq ans de formation à tous ceux qui compatissent à mon chagrins et partagent mon bonheur, qui m’enveloppent par leurs admirations, et à qui me devons ma gratitude et ma reconnaissance. Notamment: A mon Père pour son dévouement, son amour, ses sacrifices, et son encouragement. Que ce travail soit pour lui un faible témoignage de ma profonde affection et tendresse. Que dieu te garde et te procure santé, bonheur, prospérité et longue vie... A celle qui me manque depuis l’enfance, ma très chère Mère repose en paix. A mon cher frère Fethi que dieu te bénisse. A mes adorables sœurs Nihel, et la petite Lamia je vous souhaite tout le bonheur. A ma binôme Fadéla, que dieu te protège. A tous mes enseignants qui ont donné le maximum durant nos études, sincèrement merci. A tous les membres des familles ; BOUARFA Ali, MANSOUR Zineddine, et la famille NIAR, je vous remercie. A toute ma promotion, je vous souhaite la réussite. Djalila Dédicace 2 Je dédie ce modeste travail comme un témoigne d’affectation, de respect et d’admiration: A ma mère, qui ma encourage à aller de lavant et qui ma donne tout son amour pour reprendre mes études, pour tout ce que tu avais fait pour moi. A mon père, tu ma donne la vie, la tendresse et le courage pour réussir, je ferai de mon mieux pour rester un sujet de fierté à vos yeux. A mon frère Youcef et ma sœur Siham et son fils Rayane pour leur encouragement et qu’ils puissent trouver dans ce modeste mémoire l’expression de ma profonde reconnaissance.je vous souhaite de bonheur et de santé. A mon ami et mon binôme Djalila qui a été avec moi dans la prospérité, et l’adversité, merci énormément pour ton soutien plus que précieux. A toute ma famille Bouchaala petits et grands et à tous mes amis de la promotion. Fadéla Glossaire Glossaire Glossaire ARES Advanced Routing and Editing Software A/N Analogique-Numérique ADC Analog to Digital Converter ATNC Agent Transmissible Non Conventional ALU Arithmetic and Logic Unit VDD Broche d’alimentation positive C.P.U Central Processing Unit CISC Complex Instruction Set Computer CAO Conception Assistée par Ordinateur CAN Convertisseur Analogique-Numérique DEL Diode Electroluminescente EEPROM Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory EPROM Electrically Programmable Read Only Memory ICD In Circuit Debugger IDE Integrated Development Environment ISIS Intelligent Schematic Input System Vin La tension d’entrée Vout La tension de sortie LED Light Emitting Diode LCD Liquid Crystal Display MCLR Master Clear Reset μC Microcontrôleur NTC Negative Temperature Coefficient OTPROM One Time Programmable Read Only Memory PRION Particle Infectious Proteinique PIC Peripheral Interface Controller PTC Positive Temperature Coefficient POR Power On Reset PROM Programmable Read Only Memory PWM Pulse Width Modulation RAM Random Access Memory ROM Read Only Memory RISC Reduced Instruction Set Computer UVPROM Ultra Violet Programmable Read Only Memory WDT Watch Dog Timer Sommaire Sommaire Introduction générale……………………………………………………………………………………….….1 Chapitre I : Présentation de l’autoclave et mesure de la température I.1-Introduction………………...……………………………………………………………………………...2 I.2-Présentation de l’autoclave……………………………………………………………………………..….2 I.2.1-Historique………………………………………………………………………………………….…….2 I.2.2-Définition de l’autoclave………………………………………………………………………………...2 I.2. 3-L’autoclave RAYPA……………………………………………………………….……………………3 I.2.4-Les type d’autoclaves………………………………………….………………………………...………4 I.2.5- Les éléments importants……………………………………………………………………………..….4 I.2.6-Comment contrôler le bon fonctionnement de l’autoclave ?……………………………………...……..4 I.2.6.1-Test de Bowie & Dick…………………………………………………………………………………4 I.2.6.2-Test de vide…………………………………………………………………………….………………5 I.2.6.3-Test de Hélix………………………………………….………………………………………………..5 I.2.6.4-ISP Prions…………………………………………………………………….………………….…….5 I.2.6.5-ISP Standard……………………………………………………………………………………..…….5 I.2.7-Les indicateurs de contrôle périodique …………………………………………………………..……...5 II.2.7.1-Les capteurs de pression.…………………………………………….………………………….…….5 I.2.7.2- Les capteurs de température ………………………………………………………………………….6 . Capteur passif .......................................................................................................................................6 . Capteur actif ………………………………………….…………………………………………….....7 I.2.8-Le principe de fonctionnement ………………………………………………………………………….7 Phase 1 ………………………………………………………………………………………………...7 Phase 2 ………………………………………………………………………...……..………………..7 Phase 3 ……………………………………………………………………...…………………………8 Phase 4 …………………………………………………………………………………………….......8 Phase 5 …………………………………………………………………….…………………………..8 Phase 6 …………………………………………………………………………………….…………..8 Phase 7 ………………………………………………………………………………………………...8 I.3 Mesure de la température……………………………………………………………………….………….9 I.3.1-Définition de la température……………………………………………………………………………..9 I.3.2- Les échelles de températures……………………………………………………………………………9 I.3.2.1- Le kelvin: …………………………………………………………………………….……………….9 I.3.2.2- Le degré Celsius …………………………………………….......……………………………………9 I.3.2.3- Les échelles centigrades …………………………………………………………………….………..9 Sommaire I.3.2.4- L'échelle Fahrenheit ………………………………………………….……………………………...10 I.3.2.5- L'échelle Rankine ………………………………………………………………………...…………10 I.3.3- Les techniques de mesure ………………………………………………………………………..……10 I.3.3.1-Un thermocouple ……………………………………………………………………….……………10 I.3.3.2-La sonde à résistance de platine ……………………………………………………………...………10 I.3.3.3-Thermistance ………………………………………………………………………………………...10 Thermo-résistances ……………………………………………………………………………….….11 Thermistances ………………………………………………………………………………………..11 I.3.3.4-Bilame …………………………………………………………………………………..……………11 I.3.4- Les techniques de contrôle ………………………………………………………………………….....11 I.3.4.1-Thermostat ………………………………………………………………………..………………….11 I.3.4.2-Climatisation ……………………………………………………………………………………...….11 I.3.4.3-Réfrigération ………………………………………………………………………………………....11 I.3.4.4-Bain thermostaté ……………………………………………………………………………………..11 I.3.4.5- Étuve de laboratoire ……………………………………………………………..…………………..11 I.3.4.6-Cryostat ………………………………………………………………………………………..…….11 I.4-Conclusion ………………………………………………………………………………………...……..12 Chapitre II : Etude du microcontrôleur PIC 16F877 II.1- Introduction sur les microcontrôleurs ………………………………………………………………… 13 II.1.1- La structure interne d’un microcontrôleur ………………………………………………………….. 13 II.1.2- Les différentes architectures des microcontrôleurs …………………………………………………..14 L’architecture VON NEUMANN ……………………………………………………………...……14 L’architecture HARVARD …………………………………………………………………………..14 II.1.3- Les différentes familles des microcontrôleurs ………………………………………………..………15 II.1.4- Les avantage des microcontrôleurs ………………………………………………………….……….15 II.2- Définition d’un PIC ………………………………………...…………………………………………..16 II.2.1- Les différentes familles des PIC ……………………………………………………………..……….16 II.2.2- Identification des PICs ……………………………………………………………………………..…16 II.2.3- Le principe de fonctionnement d’un PIC …………………………………………………………….17
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