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Investigator Mark Dungy Winona County Sheriff's Office S.E.M.N.T.F Investigator Mark Dungy Winona County Sheriff’s Office S.E.M.N.T.F. Synthetic Drugs MDPV turbo or bath salts Mephedrone plant food Synthetic Cannabinoids fake weed, fake pot, spice, Deja-Vu, or Kryptonite Overview MDPV or Mephedrone Synthetic Cannabinoids Methods of Ingestion Smoked (MDPV) Smoked Painted on Foil Pipes Pipes Bongs Crumbled on Foil Inhaled Snorted Injected More Common MDPV and Mepherdrone Synthetic Cannabinoids MDPV 2011 C 53 (6) Unless specifically excepted or unless listed in another schedule, any material compound, mixture, or preparation which contains any quantity of the following substances having a stimulant effect on the central nervous system, including its salts, isomers, and salts of isomers whenever the existence of such the salts, isomers, and salts of isomers is possible within the specific chemical designation: methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV). Sale M.S.S. 152.024, subd. 1(1) Possession M.S.S. 152.025, subd. 2(a)(1) Mephedrone 2011 C 53 Unless specifically excepted or unless listed in another schedule, any material compound, mixture, or preparation which contains any quantity of the following substances having a stimulant effect on the central nervous system, including its salts, isomers, and salts of isomers whenever the existence of such the salts, isomers, and salts of isomers is possible within the specific chemical designation: Cathinone; Methcathinone; 4- methylmethcathinone (mephedrone); 3,4-methylenedioxy-N- methylcathinone (methylone); 4- methoxymethcathinone (methedrone) Sale M.S.S. 152.024, subd. 1(1) Possession M.S.S. 152.025, subd. 2 (a)(1) Synthetic Cannabinoids 152.027 OTHER CONTROLLED SUBSTANCE OFFENSES. Subd. 6.Sale or possession of synthetic cannabinoids. (a) As used in this subdivision, "synthetic cannabinoid" includes any substance included in section 152.02, subdivision 2, clause (7). (b) A person who unlawfully sells any amount of a synthetic cannabinoid is guilty of a gross misdemeanor. (c) A person who unlawfully possesses any amount of a synthetic cannabinoid is guilty of a misdemeanor. (d) Notwithstanding any contrary provision in sections 152.021 to 152.025, this subdivision describes the exclusive penalties for the sale and possession of synthetic cannabinoid. 152.02, subdivision 2, clause (7) (7) Unless specifically excepted or unless listed in another schedule, any natural or synthetic material, compound, mixture, or preparation that contains any quantity of a substance that is a cannabinoid receptor agonist, including, but not limited to, the following substances and their analogs, including isomers, whether optical, positional, or geometric; esters; ethers; salts; and salts of isomers, esters, and ethers, whenever the existence of the isomers, esters, ethers, or salts is possible within the specific chemical designation: 1-pentyl-2-methyl-3-(1-naphthoyl)indole (JWH-007), (2-Methyl-1-propyl-1H-indol-3- yl)-1-naphthalenylmethanone (JWH-015), 1-Pentyl-3-(1-naphthoyl)indole (JWH-018), 1- hexyl-3-(naphthalen-1-oyl)indole (JWH-019), 1-Butyl-3-(1-naphthoyl)indole (JWH-073), 4-methoxynaphthalen-1-yl-(1-pentylindol-3-yl)methanone (JWH-081), 4- methoxynaphthalen-1-yl-(1-pentyl-2-methylindol-3-yl)methanone (JWH-098), (1-(2- morpholin-4-ylethyl)indol-3-yl)-naphthalen-1-ylmethanone (JWH-200), 7- methoxynaphthalen-1-yl-(1-pentylindol-3-yl)methanone (JWH-164), 2-(2- chlorophenyl)-1-(1-pentylindol-3-yl)ethanone (JWH-203), 4-ethylnaphthalen-1-yl-(1- pentylindol-3-yl)methanone (JWH-210), 2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-(1-pentylindol-3-yl) ethanone (JWH-250), 1-pentyl-3-(4-chloro-1-naphthoyl)indole (JWH-398), (6aR,10aR)- 9-(Hydroxymethyl)-6,6-dimethyl-3-(2-methyloctan-2-yl)-6a,7,10,10a- tetrahydrobenzo[c] chromen-1-ol (HU-210), (R)-(+)-[2,3-Dihydro-5-methyl-3- (4-morpholinylmethyl)pyrrolo [1,2,3-de]-1,4-benzoxazin-6-yl]-1-napthalenylmethanone (WIN-55,212-2), 2-[3- hydroxycyclohexyl]- 5-(2-methyloctan-2-yl)phenol (CP47,497), dimethylheptylpyran. (8) A controlled substance analog, to the extent that it is implicitly or explicitly intended for human consumption. Basic Differences MDPV / Synthetic Mephedrone Cannabinoids White Powder Leafy Substance Felony Sale Gross Misd Sale Felony Possession Misd Possession Mephedrone & MDPV: What are they? Synthetic substances commonly abused as an alternative to illegal CNS Stimulants, such as cocaine and methamphetamine. Mephedrone is referred to as Plant Food MDPV is commonly referred to as Bath Salts or Turbo. At times the names are used interchangeably. Both are similar to methamphetamine in the effects and that they are synthetic alternatives to cocaine. Mephedrone and MDPV are relatively new substances with little medical or scientific research on the long term effects. Both field-test positive for cocaine and sometimes for methamphetamine. What do they look like? Mephedrone and MDPV are white, sometimes tan or brown, clumpy powdery substances. Packaging can resemble controlled substance packaging. Some packaging is labeled “Plant Food” or “Bath Salts,” with “Not for Human Consumption” warnings. User Symptoms • Excited and irritable similar to the behavior common with CNS Stimulant use. • Incoherent statements and paranoid delusions. • Stay awake for long periods of time and have reported staying awake for several days before “crashing” and sleeping for several hours, sometimes days. • Cocaine and methamphetamine users have described the mephedrone/MDPV high as “intense,” “paranoid,” “out of control,” and “very addictive.” Users have also claimed the effects of mephedrone /MDPV are “too much.” Michigan ER Study On February 1, 2011, in response to multiple news reports, the Michigan Department of Community Health (MDCH) contacted the Children's Hospital of Michigan Poison Control Center (PCC) regarding any reports of illness in the state caused by the use of recreational designer drugs sold as "bath salts." Michigan ER Study The PCC told MDCH that, earlier in the day, the PCC had learned that numerous persons had visited the local emergency department (ED) in Marquette County with cardiovascular and neurologic signs of acute intoxication. This report summarizes the subsequent investigation, which identified 35 persons who had ingested, inhaled, or injected "bath salts" and visited a Michigan ED during November 13, 2010 —March 31, 2011. Michigan ER Study Michigan ER Study Characteristic No. % Sex Women 16 46 Men 19 54 Age Group 20-29 22 63 30-39 5 14 40-49 6 17 >50 2 6 Michigan ER Study Characteristic No. % Exposure route* Injected 22 63 Snorted 9 26 Ingested 4 11 Unknown 5 14 Additional drug use** Marijuana 10 29 Opiates 8 23 Benzodiazepines 5 14 Cocaine 4 11 Amphetamines 2 6 * 5 patients reported two exposure routes ** 17 patients had known drug routes Michigan ER Study Characteristic No. % Signs and symptoms Agitation 23 66 Tachycardia 22 63 Delusions/hallucinations 14 40 Seizure/tremor 10 29 Hypertension 8 23 Drowsiness 8 23 Paranoia 7 20 Mydriasis 7 20 Michigan ER Study Characteristic No. % Disposition*** Treated in ER and 15 43 released Admitted 17 49 Dead upon arrival 1 3 Left against medical 2 6 advice *** Most severe disposition was chosen for three patients who revisited the ER Community Coalitions of Virginia (CCOVA) Research The side effects of these products include the following: hallucinations diminished cognitive ability tachycardia vasoconstriction hypertension blood pressure/heart rate elevated to medically dangerous levels prolonged agitation (lasting up to 5 days/may require physical restraint) muscular pain/muscle spasms emotional fragility acute paranoid psychosis sore jaw kidney failure loss of bowel control intense high followed by painful hangover suppressed appetite DRE Symptomology for CNS Stimulants No HGN No Vertical Nystagmus No lack of convergence Mydriasis Pupil slow to react to light Elevated pulse, BP, and temperature Bruxism DRE General Indicators for CNS Stimulants Restlessness Euphoria Anxiety Talkativeness Irritability Runny Nose Redness to Nasal Area Injection sites Leg and Eyelid Tremors Rigid Muscle Tone Impaired Driving SFSTs Romberg Pulse Eyes Mouth General Indicators SFST HGN Not visible in all drug categories Walk and Turn Watch for your clues Describe movements One Leg Stand Watch for your clues Look for tremors PBT Alcohol rule out Romberg Balance Test Officer instructs subject to tilt their head back, close their eyes, and estimate the passage of 30 seconds. Officer tracks real time Officer observes subject for swaying, eyelid tremors, and body tremors Officer notes speed of internal clock Pulse Find the pulse on the radial artery and press for 30 seconds counting each beat then multiply by 2. Normal pulse for DRE standards is 60-90 bmp. Eye exam During regular HGN check also look for: Bloodshot eyes Watery eyes Droopy eyelids Constricted pupils Dilated pupils Mouth Heat blisters Small bumps on the back of the tongue Coloring of the tongue Green tint for marijuana White for white controlled substances Bad teeth or tooth General Indicators Paraphernalia Restlessness Paranoia Speech patterns Open sores Thin Injection marks Drastic change in apperance Suspected MDPV DRE Eval Then What? Trust your observations and make the arrest. Contact a DRE for an eval. Let the DRE know what you have seen and done. After the eval read Implied Consent and get blood or urine. BCA Testing The BCA is not able to test for mephedrone, MDPV, or synthetic cannabinoids in the blood or urine at this time. The BCA is hopeful that they will have a test by the end of the year. Per conversation with the BCA Lab on 03/19/12 Field-Test Kits http://www.mmc- RSI LABS now offers K2 america.com/products/ instant drug testing. narcotic-field-tests/ (d) 612-287-1614 http://store.sirchie.com/ http://www.mmc- NARK-II-Reagent- america.com/products/ Pouches-and- narcotic-field-tests/ Components-C535.aspx MPDV Mephedrone Synthetic Cannabinoids Questions or Comments Mark Dungy [email protected] 507-457-6373 .
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