El Descenso De Inanna Al Templo: La Transubstanciación Apolíneo-Fascinante Y Dionisíaco-Tremenda Del Cuerpo Monárquico En La Circulación Ritual

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El Descenso De Inanna Al Templo: La Transubstanciación Apolíneo-Fascinante Y Dionisíaco-Tremenda Del Cuerpo Monárquico En La Circulación Ritual Tesis de Licenciatura. DEPARTAMENTO DE HISTORIA ; FACULTAD DE FILOSOFIA Y LETRAS ; UNIVERSIDAD DE BUENOS AIRES. El descenso de Inanna al templo: la transubstanciación apolíneo-fascinante y dionisíaco-tremenda del cuerpo monárquico en la circulación ritual. Rodrigo Cabrera Pertusatti. Cita: Rodrigo Cabrera Pertusatti (2013). El descenso de Inanna al templo: la transubstanciación apolíneo-fascinante y dionisíaco-tremenda del cuerpo monárquico en la circulación ritual (Tesis de Licenciatura). DEPARTAMENTO DE HISTORIA ; FACULTAD DE FILOSOFIA Y LETRAS ; UNIVERSIDAD DE BUENOS AIRES. Dirección estable: https://www.aacademica.org/rodrigo.cabrera.pertusatti/24 Esta obra está bajo una licencia de Creative Commons. Para ver una copia de esta licencia, visite https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.es. Acta Académica es un proyecto académico sin fines de lucro enmarcado en la iniciativa de acceso abierto. Acta Académica fue creado para facilitar a investigadores de todo el mundo el compartir su producción académica. Para crear un perfil gratuitamente o acceder a otros trabajos visite: https://www.aacademica.org. Universidad de Buenos Aires Facultad de Filosofía y Letras Departamento de Historia El descenso de Inanna al templo: la transubstanciación apolíneo- fascinante y dionisíaco-tremenda del cuerpo monárquico en la circulación ritual Tesis para optar por el título de Licenciado en Historia presentada por el Prof. Fernando Rodrigo CABRERA bajo la dirección de la Dra. María Violeta PEREYRA Buenos Aires, diciembre de 2013 El descenso de Inanna al templo: la transubstanciación apolíneo-fascinante y dionisíaco-tremenda del cuerpo monárquico en la circulación ritual por Fernando Rodrigo CABRERA PERTUSATTI Buenos Aires 2013 “Desde niño me he sentido incómodo frente a lo irracional y desde entonces he intentado encontrar un orden tras aquello que se nos presenta como desorden”. (LÉVI-STRAUSS 1987: 29) Índice Agradecimientos y dedicatoria………………………………………………………..iii Capítulo 1: Introducción……………………………………………………………….1 1.1. El templo mesopotámico……………………………………………………………1 1.2. La literatura y la institución monárquica: aspectos míticos y rituales………………2 1.3. El descenso de Inanna al Inframundo………………………………..……………..4 1.3.1. La figura de Inanna y su asociación con la realeza…………………………….4 1.3.2. La descripción de la fuente……………………………..……………………...4 1.4. El recorte histórico de la investigación: los períodos neosúmero y paleobabilónico………….………………….…………………………….……..…..6 1.5. Objetivos e hipótesis de la investigación………………..………………………....11 Capítulo 2: Cuestiones metodológicas……………………………………………….14 2.1. El fenómeno religioso y el discurso mítico…………………………......................15 2.1.1. El estructuralismo levistraussiano………………………………………….....15 2.1.2. Los aspectos empático-hermenéuticos……………………………………......17 2.2. El cuerpo y la performance corporal………………………………........................19 2.3. El rito y los agentes rituales…………………………………………......................27 2.4. La espacialidad, el territorio y el paisaje…………………………………………..30 Capítulo 3: Estado de la cuestión…………………………………………………….35 3.1. Las fuentes mesopotámicas empleadas en la presente investigación……………..35 3.1.2. El descenso de Inanna al Inframundo………………………………………..37 3.1.3. El Diluvio Súmero…………………………………………………………….47 3.1.4. El Enūma Eliš………………………………………………………………...49 3.1.5. El Código de Hammurabi….…………………………………………………52 3.2. Abordaje de la realeza mesopotámica: El rey vicario del dios y el rey- dios mesopotámico………………………………………………………………...54 Capítulo 4: El espacio religioso……………………………………………………....64 4.1. La arquitectura de los recintos sagrados…………………………………...............64 4.2. El templo: espacio económico……………………………………………………..69 4.3. El templo: espacio político…………………………………………………...........73 4.4. El templo: „nexo sagrado‟ (DUR-AN-KI) y multivocidad divina………...............75 Capítulo 5: Mito y realeza. El «ser-en-el-mito» real………………………………..90 5.1. Mito, fertilidad y renovación del cosmos: Las diosas madres i del Paleolítico y el Neolítico………………………………………………………90 5.2. Mater dolorosa………………………………………………………….................93 5.3. Inanna y el «ser-en-el-mito» real…………………………………………………..96 5.3.1. El descenso de Inanna al Inframundo……………………………………..104 5.4. Dumuzi y el «ser-en-el-mito» real………………………………………………..125 5.5. Enki/Ea y el «ser-en-el-mito» real………………………………………………..129 5.6. Utu/Šamaš y el «ser-en-el-mito» real…………………………………………….136 5.7. Marduk/Enlil y el «ser-en-el-mito» real en el Enūma Eliš……………………….142 5.8. El monarca y el «ser-en-el-mito» real……………………………………………148 5.8.1. Šulgi de Ur y el «ser-en-el-mito» real……………………………………..148 5.8.2. Šu-Sȋn de Ur y el «ser-en-el-mito» real……………………………………157 5.8.3. Išme-Dagan de Isin y el «ser-en-el-mito» real…………………………….159 5.8.4. Lipit-Ištar de Isin y el «ser-en-el-mito» real……………………………….161 5.8.5. Enlil-bāni de Isin y el «ser-en-el-mito» real……………………………….163 Capítulo 6: Rito y realeza: el cuerpo transubstancial del monarca………………168 6.1. La actividad ritual de los reyes………………………………………...................168 6.2. El rey constructor/creador mesopotámico……………………………..................175 6.3. El rito del Año nuevo (za3-mu (k)/a2-ki-ti): muerte y resurrección del dios doliente………………………………………………………………….......179 6.3.1. El rey como Enlil/Marduk……………………………………………………...184 6.4. El hieros gamos: el rey como consorte de Inanna……………………..................186 6.4.1. Las sacerdotisas y su asociación con la institución monárquica……………….191 6.5. El rey como Utu/Šamaš………………………………………………..................193 Capítulo 7: Conclusiones…………………………………………………………….197 7.1. Aspectos míticos y rituales: la consecratio del cuerpo monárquico……………..197 7.2. Los fundamentos ideológicos de la realeza en época neosúmera y paleobabilónica…………………………………………………………………203 Bibliografía…………………………………………………………………………...205 Abreviaturas………………………………………………………………………….243 ii Agradecimientos y dedicatoria La elaboración final de mi tesis de licenciatura fue un proceso largo, que se inició en el 2009, a partir de un seminario de grado dictado por la Dra. Violeta Pereyra. La investigación fue realizada entre las ciudades de Buenos Aires, Montevideo y Mendoza, y completada finalmente en el barrio porteño de Flores. Son demasiadas las personas que me acompañaron, dándome su apoyo constante, hasta en los momentos en que me sentía completamente abatido. Quiero dar las gracias infinitas, en primer lugar, a mi mentora y madre académica, la Dra. Violeta Pereyra, quien confió en mí para que desarrollara una investigación en el ámbito de la asiriología enfocada en fuentes epigráficas súmeras y acadias. No imagino mi vida académica sin haberme topado con ella; y el profesional que hoy soy se lo debo eternamente a su labor incesante como docente y tutora. Por ello, fueron valiosos y pertinentes sus consejos e intervenciones, haciendo de esta investigación un trabajo aún más sólido. Quiero agradecer a mi compañero de la vida, Diego Morán Vera, quien me llenó amor, me dio su luz cuando me oscurecía y me brindó toda la confianza para completar el presente trabajo de tesis. Deseo expresar toda mi gratitud y compartir esta instancia final con mis hermanas espirituales, Eliana Frenedoso y Melina Pílnik, quienes me alentaron en cada momento; con Adrián Ciccia, quien estuvo codo a codo conmigo en toda mi trayectoria académica, desde el 2003 hasta el presente, regalándome su música; con una amiga y colega antropóloga que me obsequió maravillosamente la Universidad de Buenos Aires, la Lic. Lucia Bidart; con Paula Mosquera, por sus risas y consejos dentro y fuera de los pasillos universitarios; con la Lic. Marina Sarramía y la Lic. Victoria Campo, con quienes tuve la dicha de compartir eternos instantes ajenos a las aulas de la facultad; con la Mag. Marina Méndez, quien me llenó de colores desde el día en que nos conocimos; con mis amigas de la adolescencia, que siempre estuvieron: Anabella Velázquez, Romina López y Patricia Michael. Quiero destacar mi deuda con mi profesora de Historia del nivel medio, la Prof. Carmen Jiménez Ruiz, quien fue la primera persona que me estimuló siendo todavía adolescente para que circulara por los ámbitos del pasado, planteándome diversos interrogantes, y me potenció de forma providencial. iii También, esta investigación está dedicada a la memoria de la Dra. Susana Basílico, quien creyó en mí desde esa primera charla de café allá por el 2005. Asimismo, quiero decir “gracias” a mis compañeros de la cátedra de Historia Antigua I (Oriente): la Dra. Silvia Lupo, la Lic. Silvana Fantechi y el Lic. Rodrigo Núñez Bascuñán. Especialmente, quiero enfatizar mi gran deuda con Rodrigo, quien me extendió una mano solidaria y me prestó su oído en cada circunstancia, como compañero de cursada, como amigo y como colega. Deseo agradecer a la Dra. Susana Murphy, por haber confiado en mí y otorgarme la posibilidad de participar como docente e investigador en el Instituto de Historia Antigua Oriental “Dr. Abraham Rosenvasser”. Quiero enfatizar mi rotundo reconocimiento para con los miembros del Proyecto UBACyT: “Espacios de interpretación en la necrópolis tebana”, a cargo de la Dra. Violeta Pereyra, con quienes participamos en congresos, jornadas y otros eventos académicos, y hemos compartido cenas, experiencias, risas y viajes. Entre ellos, quiero agradecer a la Dra. Liliana Manzi, la Dra. Silvana Catania, la Dra. Silvana Yomaha, el Prof. Alejandro Brunetto, Celeste Cienfuegos, Valeria Ojeda y Javier Rocabado. También, quiero mencionar a los futuros orientalistas, Juan Ledezma Sánchez, Agustina Peña y Cristian Jacob, y a una
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