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Textos Del Antiguo Oriente

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Textos Del Antiguo Oriente 235 1 TEXTOS DEL ANTIGUO ORIENTE Materiales para clase y trabajos de las asignaturas *Literatura bíblica comparada+ y *Religiones del Antiguo Oriente+ Prof. Julio Trebolle Barrera 2004 Departamento de Estudios Hebreos y Arameos Facultad de Filología. Universidad Complutense de Madrid I N D I C E 235 2 MITOS, EPOPEYAS Y LEYENDAS I. Egipto 1. Teología menfita de la creación 7 2. Rescate de la humanidad de la destrucción 8 3. Libro de los muertos: El establecimiento primordial del orden 9 4. Libro de los muertos: Apertura de la boca del difunto 10 5. Libro de los muertos: Juicio de Osiris 11 6. Textos de los Sarcófagos: Los campos del paraíso 12 7. Relato de Sinuhé 13 4. Historia de los dos hermanos 16 5. Relato de Wenamón 18 II. Mesopotamia 1. Introducción de la construcción del templo de Enki en Eridú 23 2. Extractos de un poema sumerio en alabanza del azadón 23 3. Enki y Ninmah 24 4. Mito de Enki y Ninurgash 25 5. Descenso de Ishtar al Mundo Inferior 26 6. Enuma Elish 30 7. Gilgamesh 32 8. Adapa 66 9. Atrahasis 70 10. La leyenda de Sargón 72 III. Mitología hitita 1. El mito de Telepinu 73 IV. Canaán 1. El mito de la Lucha entre Baal y Yam 77 2. El mito del Palacio de Baal 83 3. El mito de la Lucha entre Ba`lu y Môtu 96 4. Epopeya de Aqhat 5. Leyenda del rey Keret 116 TEXTOS HISTORIOGRAFICOS I. Mesopotamia 1. Ebla 119 2. Shamshi-Adad I (ca. 1814-1792) 120 3. Los años de Hammurabi 121 4. Cartas de Mari. Mención de Hatsor y de los cananeos 122 5. Sansu-iluna (1749-1712) 123 235 3 6. Salmanasar I (1274-1245) 124 7. Tiglat-Pileser I (1115-1077) 125 8. Campaña de Tiglatpileser I de Asiria contra los arameos 126 II. Siria 1. Historia de Idrimi, rey de Alalakh 127 2. Dos cartas de Ugarit 128 III. Egipto 1. La dominación de los Hicsos 129 2. La Batalla de Megiddo, campaña asiática de Tutmosis III (1468 a. C.) 130 3. Cartas de El Amarna: Carta de Biridiya de Megiddo, Carta de Labayu de Siquem, Carta del faraón a Milkilu de Gézer, Cartas de Abdu-Heba de Jerusalén 131 4. Diario de un oficial de fronteras de la época de Merneptah 135 5. Campaña de Seti I en Palestina septentrional 135 6. La batalla de Qadesh 136 7. Elogio de la ciudad de Ramsés 137 8. Estela de Merneptah 138 9. La guerra contra los pueblos del mar 138 10. Victoria de Ramsés III (1198-1166) sobre los pueblos del mar 139 IV. Textos del Primer Milenio 1. Inscripción de Mesa de Moab 140 2. Tributo de Jehú (841) 141 3. Estela de Adad-Nirari III de Asiria 141 4. Menajén de Israel entre los tributarios de Tiglatpileser III 141 5. Salmanasar V de Asiria y Samaría 142 6. Campaña de Sargón II contra Samaría 142 7. Sargón II y Samaría 142 8. Inscripción funeraria de un funcionario judío 143 9. Inscripción del túnel de Siloé 143 10. Senaquerib en Palestina y el asedio de Jerusalén (701) 143 11. Judá, vasallo de Asaradón 144 12. Judá, vasallo de Asurbanipal 144 13. Nabucodonosor II (605-562) y el reino de Judá 144 14. Óstraca de Laquis (ca. 588) 144 TEXTOS LEGALES 1. Código de Hammurabi 145 2. Documentos legales de Larsa, Sippar y Nuzi 149 3. Las leyes asirias. Documentos legales del período asirio medio 150 4. Documentos legales de Ugarit 152 HIMNOS Y PLEGARIAS I. Egipto 1. Himno a Atón 153 235 4 2. Himnos teológicos a Amón Tebano 154 3. Oración de un ciego a Amón 155 II. Textos sumerios. Himno al Dios Luna Sîn 156 III. Textos acadios A. Himnos 1. A Ishtar 157 2. A Marduk 159 B. Oraciones penitenciales 1. Elegía para calmar el corazón 160 2. Oración para que vuelva el Dios irritado 161 C. Oraciones de petición "Con la mano alzada". 1. A Shamash 162 D. Oraciones para casos especiales 1. A Shamash, contra el mal presagio de un perro 163 2. A Nusku, en caso de pesadilla 164 E. Oración del conjurador 164 F. Oraciones del adivino 165 G. Oraciones del rey 1. Oración de Nabucodonosor II (605-562) a Shamash 165 IV. Textos hititas 1. Oración a la diosa solar de la tierra 166 V. Textos de Ugarit 1. Oración a la diosa solar Shapash 167 2. Oración a Baal en caso de peligro para la nación 168 3. Fragmentos de un himno a la diosa Anat 168 4. Un mensaje divino, confiado a la diosa Anat por el Dios Baal 168 TEXTOS DE RITUALES 1. Textos de execración 169 2. Libro de los muertos 39: Para rechazar al demonio Apofis 170 3. Un encantamiento cosmológico: El gusano y el dolor de muelas 170 TEXTOS SAPIENCIALES I. Egipto 1. La instrucción de Dwa-Jeti (Sátira de los Oficios) 171 235 5 2. Instrucción de un hombre a su hijo 174 3. La Enseñanza de Amenemope 175 4. El canto del arpista 189 5. Cantos de amor 190 II. Mesopotamia 1. Fábulas de colecciones de proverbios sumerios 191 2. Proverbios mesopotámicos 181 3. Diálogo pesimista entre amo y siervo 192 4. Ludlul bel nemeqi: "Quiero alabar al Señor de la Sabiduría" (incompleto) 193 III. Proverbios y preceptos arameos 1. Las Palabras de Ahiqar 195 TEXTOS DE TRATADOS 1. Tratado de Tudhaliya IV con Kurunta de Tarhuntassa 198 2. Tratado entre Ramsés II y Hattusili III. Versión babilonia 203 TEXTOS PROFÉTICOS I. Egipto 1. La profecía de Neferty 207 II. Mesopotamia 1. Mari 209 Alahtum. Oráculo del dios Adad al rey de Kallasu 157 Carta del Sumo Sacerdote de Annunîtum (ARMT XXVI/1 200). Amenazas contra países extranjeros Carta de la Reina Shibtu (ARMT XXVI/1 236). Bendiciones al rey Carta del gobernador de Saggarâtum (ARMT XXVI/1 206). Reclamaciones del dios 2. Profecía de Marduc 211 3. Profecía de Sulgi 211 4. La profecía dinástica. Texto A 211 5. Oráculos para Asarhaddón y la reina-madre 212 6. Sueño oracular. Anales de Asurbanipal 212 TEXTOS IRANIOS 1. Zaratustra presenta un "compendio de la doctrina", (Gth: Yasna' 45) 213 2. Zaratustra revela la elección ejemplar que tuvo lugar al comienzo del mundo (Gth: Yasna' 30) 215 3. El segundo "Gth" de la elección (Gth: Yasna' 31) 216 4. Cosmogonía dualista de Zaratustra: 235 6 Ohrmazd y Ahrimán (Bundahishn Mayor I 18-26) 217 5. El cruce del puente Chinvat (Menok i Kraht I 71-122) 218 6. Escatología irania. La resurrección de los muertos y el cuerpo final 221 7. Zaratustra rechazado por todos (Yasna 46) 223 8. Zaratustra pregunta al Señor (Gth-Yasna 44) 225 9. Dualismo zoroástrico. Presentación sistemática (Shikand Gumni Vazr VIII) 227 TEXTOS GRIEGOS Homero, Ilíada I 1-100, *Invocación a la Musa. De cómo surgió la cólera de Aquiles+ 230 Homero, Ilíada XXIII 61-81, 99-108, *Algo que aún en la casa de Hades...+ Homero, Odisea XXIV 1-18, *El más allá homérico+ Homero, Odisea, XI 467-491, *Ulises y Aquiles en el Hades+ Hesíodo, La Teogonía 1-80, *Hesíodo y las Musas+ 232 Hesíodo, La Teogonía 103-130, *Los primeros dioses+ 232 Hesíodo, Trabajos y días, 42-105, *Prometeo y Pandora, la primera mujer+ Hesíodo, Trabajos y días, 109-202, *El mito de las cinco edades+ Himno homérico a Démeter, 268-283 Himno homérico a Apolo, 534-544 Píndaro, Peanes VI 1-61 Eurípides, Ión 14-20; 125-143; 369-380 234 Eurípides, Medea 1224-1250 234 Eurípides, Heracles 425-429 Eurípides, Las Bacantes 677-774 Platón, Fedro 244d-e Platón, República I,364a-366b Platón, República X 614 b, *La transmigración según Platón+ Platón, Menón 81 b, *La inmortalidad del alma+ Empédocles, Fragmentos 115, 117, 118, *La transmigración de las almas+ Cicerón, Sobre la República VI 14-26, *Idea romana del más allá+ Períodos cronológicos 237 Cuadro histórico 239 Bibliografía inicial 240 MITOS, EPOPEYAS Y LEYENDAS 235 7 I. Egipto 1. Teología menfita de la creación (ANET 4-5) Tras haber establecido su capital en Memfis, la primera dinastía hubo de justificar la rápida ascensión de esta ciudad a tal rango, proclamando para ello al dios menfita Ptah como el primer principio, que logró la supremacía sobre los demás dioses creadores reconocidos. La forma actual del texto se fecha alrededor del año 700 a.C. Indicios lingüísticos y filológicos muestran que deriva de un original anterior al menos en unos dos mil años. Tomó ser como el corazón y tomó ser como la lengua con la forma de Atum; el Gran Poderoso es Ptah, quien infundió vida a todas las divinidades, así como a sus ka (fuerza vital, protectora y orientadora), por medio de este corazón, a través del cual Horus se convirtió en Ptah, y por medio de esta lengua, a través de la cual Thot se convirtió en Ptah (Ptah pensó y creó después con su palabra al dios creador Atum, transmitiendo así su poder divino a los demás dioses. Horus y Thot, pareja asociada tradicionalmente, se asimilan a los órganos del pensamiento y el habla). De esta forma sucedió que el corazón y la lengua dominaron cada parte del cuerpo mediante la enseñanza de que él (Ptah como corazón y lengua) se encuentra en el cuerpo y en la boca de todos los dioses, hombres, ganado, todo lo que repta y vive al pensar y ordenar cuanto desea. Su Ennéada se hallaba en su presencia con la apariencia de dientes y labios, es decir el equivalente del semen y las manos de Atum; así pues la Ennéada de Atum nació de su semen y de sus manos.
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