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Bignona, Senegal SFD Promotion Initiative Bignona Senegal Final Report This SFD Report was created through desk-based research by Sandec (the Department of Sanitation, Water and Solid Waste for Development) at Eawag (the Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology) as part of the SFD Promotion Initiative. Date of production: 08/12/2015 Last update: 09/03/2016 Bignona Executive Summary Produced by: Eawag/Sandec Senegal SFD Report Bignona, Senegal, 2016 Produced by: Juliette Ndounla, Eawag/Sandec Lars Schoebitz, Eawag/Sandec El hadji Mamadou Sonko, Eawag/Sandec Linda Strande, Eawag/Sandec ©Copyright All SFD Promotion Initiative materials are freely available following the open-source concept for capacity development and non-profit use, so long as proper acknowledgement of the source is made when used. Users should always give credit in citations to the original author, source and copyright holder. This Executive Summary and SFD Report are available from: www.sfd.susana.org Last Update: 09/03/2016 I Bignona Executive Summary Produced by: Eawag/Sandec Senegal 1. The Diagram 2 2. Diagram information 3.6 km for Tenghory Trans-Gambian. Administratively, the Tenghory Trans- The Shit Flow Diagram (SFD) was created through desk-based research by Sandec Gambian district is part of the municipality (Sanitation, Water and Solid Waste for of Tenghory, but it is generally associated Development) of Eawag (the Swiss with Bignona, as it is immediately adjacent Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and to Bignona. Throughout this report, the Technology) term Bignona is used to refer to the Status: combined municipality of Bignona and Final SFD. Not yet reviewed by external Tenghory Tran-Gambian. Based on a committee. census conducted in 2014, Bignona has a population of 44,783 with an annual Date of production: population growth rate of 2.7%. The 08/12/2015 average population density is 4,300 2 3. General city information people per km , ranging between 16,000 (Bassène) and 2,000 (South Manguiline) Bignona and Tenghory Trans-Gambian people per km2 (H2O and I&D, 2014). are in the region of Casamance, Senegal. Bignona’s climate is characterized by a dry The study area is comprised of seven season of about seven months, followed districts, of which the following six are in by a distinct rainy season of five months Bignona: Badionkoto, Bassène, with around 80% of the annual rainfall Manguiline North, Manguiline South, being between July and September Château d’eau, and Kadiamor, and the (Climate-data, 2015). seventh is the neighboring district of Tenghory Trans-Gambian in the municipality of Tenghory. These seven districts have a total area 10.5 km2, with 6.9 km2 for the municipality of Bignona and Last Update: 09/03/2016 II Bignona Executive Summary Produced by: Eawag/Sandec Senegal 4. Service delivery context 4. Ministry of Planning and Local Government Policy This ministry is responsible for the The provision of sanitation in Senegal is preparation and implementation of the responsibility of the Ministry of Senegal's policy in decentralization, local Sanitation and its regional and communal development, support and control of local delegations. The standards for faecal authorities, implementation of policies for sludge management in Senegal are in training of local elected officials, Chapter 3 of the Sanitation Code, which is management of local development part of the law No. 2009-24 of July 8, policies. 2009. The Sanitation Code was also updated by the presidential decree of 11 5. Ministry of Urban Renewal, Housing February, 2011. The Senegal Sanitation and Living Environment Code includes several aspects that are This ministry is responsible for urban relevant for faecal sludge management planning. It ensures the preservation of the such as definitions for onsite sanitation, environment is responsible for the individual sanitation, unloading site and implementation of the housing policy and faecal sludge. as such, ensures the quality of Institutional roles construction through the compliance with building standards. On a national level, the following five ministries are responsible for Service provision implementing national policies related to Faecal sludge emptying and transport sanitation: service provider are based in Ziguinchor, 1. Ministry of Hydraulic and Sanitation which is located 30 kilometers from Bignona. These providers are private This Ministry is responsible for the entrepreneurs and the Bignona preparation and implementation of policies municipality ensures the coordination at adopted by the Government of Senegal in the public level (KII1, 2015, KII3, 2015, the field of hydraulics and sanitation. This MHA, 2011). In total, five trucks are ministry supervises the Directorate of operating in Bignona and the surrounding Water Resources, the Directorate of areas. Senegalese regulations for onsite Sanitation and the Senegalese National sanitation services require the emptying Sanitation Utility (Office National de and transport service provider to pay taxes l’Assainssement du Sénégal: ONAS). at local and national level. The taxes are 2. Ministry of the Environment and comprised of village taxes (35,000 Sustainable Development FCFA/month or 56 USD/month) and This ministry assists and supports communal taxes (5,000 FCFA/truck/day or industries in their compliance with 8 USD/truck/day) (KII3, 2015, KII4, 2015):. discharge standards for wastewater and Service standards informs them about existing funding The Senegalese Standards Association opportunities. (ASN) is related to the Ministry of Industry 3. The Ministry of Health and Social and Mines, which works in close Action collaboration with the Ministry of Sanitation This ministry is responsible for the control and the Ministry of Environment. The of diseases such as cholera and malaria. It mandate of the ASN is to implement operates through the National Hygiene national standards, disseminate Service. The mandate of the National information and raise awareness (ASN, Hygiene Service is to ensure the 2015, MHA, 2011). implementation of the hygiene code. Last Update: 09/03/2016 II Bignona Executive Summary Produced by: Eawag/Sandec Senegal Policies and regulations monitored by the 39% of the households in Bignona receive ASN are listed in chapter 3 of the Senegal their drinking water from the national water Sanitation Code and cover the whole distribution network, while 57% use wells sanitation service chain from containment as their main source of drinking water. to end-use and disposal. Another 3% receive drinking water from public water points and 1% uses 5. Service outcomes boreholes (H2O and I&D, 2014). In Bignona there are no existing sewer These two factors contribute to the risk of systems. The city relies fully on onsite groundwater pollution and therefore sanitation technologies with the majority of whether or not faecal sludge is considered the population (49%) utilizing so-called contained / not contained. traditional pit latrines (unlined pits), 31.6% Containment (contained / not contained) using septic tanks, 10.2% using improved pit latrines and 5.7% manual flush toilets 48% of the total population use systems (pour flush toilets). 3.5% of the total that do not safely contain faecal sludge. population do not have a sanitation facility This comprises facilities that are in areas at all. where the infiltration of liquid (effluent or infiltrate) from containment technologies As part of this assessment, three public into the soil results in a significant risk of toilets were identified. One at the Bignona groundwater pollution, due to the existing bus station, one at the “old” market and high groundwater table. On the other another one at the “new” market hand, 49% of the of the population use constructed in 2009. systems that safely contain faecal sludge. Septic tanks installed at a private estate, This comprises facilities in areas of low at a hospital and at a high school are risk of groundwater pollution: emptied on a monthly basis and contribute Emptying considerably to the total amount of faecal sludge collected in Bignona. The total To assess the potential for emptying of amount from these technologies is 132 facilities systems, it is assumed that 100% m3/month. However, this figure was not of the population could have access to included in the SFD, as there was a lack of emptying services. However it is also available data for quantities collected from assumed that unlined pits even if located households only. in high risk areas are not emptied when full, but covered with soil and abandoned. Risk of groundwater pollution In total, the population equivalent for 34% The soil types in Bignona are primarily of faecal sludge is considered contained clay and sand and the hydrogeological and not emptied, which is the total amount structure of Bignona is characterized by of excreta “safely managed”. 15% of the three main aquifer layers (1) groundwater population equivalent from systems levels between 300 and 500 m, (2) containing faecal sludge is emptied. In groundwater levels between 100 and 150 areas where faecal sludge is not m, and (3) groundwater levels between 0 contained, the population equivalent for and 50 m. Within the study area, 9% of faecal sludge is emptied and 39% groundwater levels are considered high for not emptied. These 39% contribute the neighborhoods of Bassène, significantly to the total amount of excreta Badionkoto and part of Tenghory Trans- “unsafely managed”. Gambian (river side). Containment Transport and treatment technologies in these areas are affected by periodic flooding, which results in Faecal sludge is transported by the same groundwater intrusion and rapid filling service providers that offer emptying during the rainy season. services. Information on transport Last Update: 09/03/2016 III Bignona Executive Summary Produced by: Eawag/Sandec Senegal destination of faecal sludge was implemented together with ACRA-CSS. unavailable and it was assumed that none Workshop participants comprised of of the collected faecal sludge is stakeholders from the Bignona transported to any official discharge municipality, representatives from ONAS location since none exist in the area of (the local utility for sanitation), the Bignona.
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