2013 Egypt Overview
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National Monitoring Program for Biodiversity and Non-Indigenous Species in Egypt
UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRAM MEDITERRANEAN ACTION PLAN REGIONAL ACTIVITY CENTRE FOR SPECIALLY PROTECTED AREAS National monitoring program for biodiversity and non-indigenous species in Egypt PROF. MOUSTAFA M. FOUDA April 2017 1 Study required and financed by: Regional Activity Centre for Specially Protected Areas Boulevard du Leader Yasser Arafat BP 337 1080 Tunis Cedex – Tunisie Responsible of the study: Mehdi Aissi, EcApMEDII Programme officer In charge of the study: Prof. Moustafa M. Fouda Mr. Mohamed Said Abdelwarith Mr. Mahmoud Fawzy Kamel Ministry of Environment, Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA) With the participation of: Name, qualification and original institution of all the participants in the study (field mission or participation of national institutions) 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS page Acknowledgements 4 Preamble 5 Chapter 1: Introduction 9 Chapter 2: Institutional and regulatory aspects 40 Chapter 3: Scientific Aspects 49 Chapter 4: Development of monitoring program 59 Chapter 5: Existing Monitoring Program in Egypt 91 1. Monitoring program for habitat mapping 103 2. Marine MAMMALS monitoring program 109 3. Marine Turtles Monitoring Program 115 4. Monitoring Program for Seabirds 118 5. Non-Indigenous Species Monitoring Program 123 Chapter 6: Implementation / Operational Plan 131 Selected References 133 Annexes 143 3 AKNOWLEGEMENTS We would like to thank RAC/ SPA and EU for providing financial and technical assistances to prepare this monitoring programme. The preparation of this programme was the result of several contacts and interviews with many stakeholders from Government, research institutions, NGOs and fishermen. The author would like to express thanks to all for their support. In addition; we would like to acknowledge all participants who attended the workshop and represented the following institutions: 1. -
Shaulshay28 11 16.Pdf
President Abd al Fatah al-Sisi and the stability of Egypt and the region Shaul Shay November 2016 Two years since Abdel Fattah al- Sisi toppled former President Mohamed Morsi in 2013, there are two main dangers that threaten the stability of the Egyptian regime: economy and security. Egypt, a state of 90 million people has deteriorating economic and living conditions. Al-Sisi’s regime is challenged by serious economic problems that threaten the stability of the regime. The most prominent problems include the lack of foreign currencies, the devaluation of the Egyptian pound value against the US dollar, the increase of prices on the majority of the basic goods, high unemployment and bureaucracy and corruption. Although the Egyptian security forces produced an atmosphere of security and stability, the war against the radical Islamic groups and the Muslim Brotherhood is far from being over. Cairo’s prosecutor general said in a statement on November 20, 2016, that the country’s President Abd al Fatah al-Sisi had faced two previous assassination attempts: one in Saudi Arabia and the second in Egypt. The assassination attempt on Sisi was part of a larger plan to overthrow the current regime that would also involve the assassination of former interior minister Mohamed Ibrahim over the 2013 dispersal of Cairo sit- ins supporting ousted president Mohamed Morsi, according to the prosecution.1 This is the first time that Egypt officially acknowledged assassination attempts against Sisi. Egypt will try 292 militant suspects over plots to assassinate President Sisi and attacks in the Sinai Peninsula. The suspects were also responsible for carrying out a number of high-profile attacks in North and South Sinai, including the bombing of a tourist bus in the resort town of Taba in February 2014 that killed two South Koreans and an Egyptian driver. -
Literary Networks and the Making of Egypt's Nineties Generation By
Writing in Cairo: Literary Networks and the Making of Egypt’s Nineties Generation by Nancy Spleth Linthicum A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Near Eastern Studies) in the University of Michigan 2019 Doctoral Committee: Associate Professor Carol Bardenstein, Chair Associate Professor Samer Ali Professor Anton Shammas Associate Professor Megan Sweeney Nancy Spleth Linthicum [email protected] ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9782-0133 © Nancy Spleth Linthicum 2019 Dedication Writing in Cairo is dedicated to my parents, Dorothy and Tom Linthicum, with much love and gratitude for their unwavering encouragement and support. ii Acknowledgements First and foremost, I would like to thank my committee for their invaluable advice and insights and for sticking with me throughout the circuitous journey that resulted in this dissertation. It would not have been possible without my chair, Carol Bardenstein, who helped shape the project from its inception. I am particularly grateful for her guidance and encouragement to pursue ideas that others may have found too far afield for a “literature” dissertation, while making sure I did not lose sight of the texts themselves. Anton Shammas, throughout my graduate career, pushed me to new ways of thinking that I could not have reached on my own. Coming from outside the field of Arabic literature, Megan Sweeney provided incisive feedback that ensured I spoke to a broader audience and helped me better frame and articulate my arguments. Samer Ali’s ongoing support and feedback, even before coming to the University of Michigan (UM), likewise was instrumental in bringing this dissertation to fruition. -
U.S.-Egyptian Relations Since the 2011 Revolution: the Limits of Leverage
U.S.-Egyptian Relations Since the 2011 Revolution: The Limits of Leverage An Honors Thesis Submitted to the Department of Politics in partial fulfillment of the Honors Program by Benjamin Wolkov April 29, 2015 Table of Contents Introduction 1 Chapter 1. A History of U.S.-Egyptian Relations 7 Chapter 2. Foreign Policy Framework 33 Chapter 3. The Fall of Mubarak, the Rise of the SCAF 53 Chapter 4. Morsi’s Presidency 82 Chapter 5. Relations Under Sisi 115 Conclusion 145 Bibliography 160 1 Introduction Over the past several decades, the United States and Egypt have had a special relationship built around military cooperation and the pursuit of mutual interests in the Middle East. At one point, Egypt was the primary nemesis of American interests in the region as it sought to spread its own form of Arab socialism in cooperation with the Soviet Union. However, since President Anwar Sadat’s decision to sign the Egyptian-Israeli peace treaty in 1979, Egypt has proven a bulwark of the United States interests it once opposed. Specifically, those interests are peace with Israel, the continued flow of oil, American control of the region, and stability within the Middle East. In addition to ensuring these interests, the special friendship has given the United States privileges with Egypt, including the use of Egyptian airspace, expedited transit through the Suez Canal for American warships, and the basing of an extraordinary rendition program on Egyptian territory. Noticeably, the United States has developed its relationship with Egypt on military grounds, concentrating on national security rather than issues such as the economy or human rights. -
3. Energy Reserves, Pipeline Routes and the Legal Regime in the Caspian Sea
3. Energy reserves, pipeline routes and the legal regime in the Caspian Sea John Roberts I. The energy reserves and production potential of the Caspian The issue of Caspian energy development has been dominated by four factors. The first is uncertain oil prices. These pose a challenge both to oilfield devel- opers and to the promoters of pipelines. The boom prices of 2000, coupled with supply shortages within the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), have made development of the resources of the Caspian area very attractive. By contrast, when oil prices hovered around the $10 per barrel level in late 1998 and early 1999, the price downturn threatened not only the viability of some of the more grandiose pipeline projects to carry Caspian oil to the outside world, but also the economics of basic oilfield exploration in the region. While there will be some fly-by-night operators who endeavour to secure swift returns in an era of high prices, the major energy developers, as well as the majority of smaller investors, will continue to predicate total production costs (including carriage to market) not exceeding $10–12 a barrel. The second is the geology and geography of the area. The importance of its geology was highlighted when two of the first four international consortia formed to look for oil in blocks off Azerbaijan where no wells had previously been drilled pulled out in the wake of poor results.1 The geography of the area involves the complex problem of export pipeline development and the chicken- and-egg question whether lack of pipelines is holding back oil and gas pro- duction or vice versa. -
El-Beblawi Meets Party Heads
AILY EWS MONDAY, AUGUST 5, 2013 N D ISSUE NO. 2249 NEWSTAND PRICE LE 4.00 EGYPT www.thedailynewsegypt.com Egypt’s Only Daily Independent Newspaper In English MEDIA WAR NO FLY ZONE VEG OUT Arrests follow Media City clashes EgyptAir is waiting for cabinet Veggie Fest provides music with a near 6 October approval to built Aero City vegetarian iftar 2 7 8 El-Beblawi meets party heads Hassan Mustafa AL-NOUR PARTY CONDEMNS MEETING released Court orders the release of Alexandrian political activist By Basil El-Dabh Adaweya and Nahda Square. the government and the release of method that lacks transparency,” The parties also discussed “bad political detainees as part of tran- said Taha in a statement in response after six months in jail Interim Prime Minister Hazem El- financial conditions with regards to sitional justice and an “economic to the absence of Islamist parties Beblawi met party heads and lead- economic and social justice,” ac- package to meet the urgent needs in the meeting. He condemned the ers of the National Salvation Front cording to Aboul Ghar. of citizens.” government’s “dealing with political on Saturday evening to discuss the Founder of Al-Tayar Al-Shaaby Topics including security issues parties according to political and ongoing political crisis. and former presidential candidate in Sinai, social and economic initia- ideological vision,” warning that Chairman of the Egyptian Social Hamdeen Sabahy recommended a tives, and upcoming parliamentary such practices would lead to more Democratic Party Mohamed Aboul “security blockade” around the sit- and presidential elections were dis- polarisation and tension in the Ghar said the politicians discussed ins at Rabaa Al-Adaweya and Nahda cussed during the meeting. -
The Most Prominent Violations of Press and Media Freedom in Egypt During 2017
Annual Report on: Freedom of Press and Media in Egypt 2017 Annual on: Freedom of PRreses apndo Merdtia in Egypt 2017 Conducted by Ahmed Abo Elmagd Reviewed by Ahmed Ragab Cover designed by Ahmed Sobhy Published year 2017 Annual Report on: Freedom of Press and Media in Egypt 2017 The Egyptian Center for Public Policy Studies (ECPPS) is a non-governmental, non- party and non-profit organization .It is mission is to propose public policies that aim at reforming the Egyptian legal and economic systems. ECPPS’s goal is to enhance the principles of free market, individual freedom and the rule of law. The Egyptian Center for Public Policy Studies (ECPPS) 1 Annual Report on: Freedom of Press and Media in Egypt 2017 In 2017, the Egyptian Center for Public Policies Studies issues a monthly monitoring to measure (Legislative climate, political climate, economic climate, media performance and civil society role) in regard to freedom of media and journalism in Egypt, in trying to stand on events, changes, violations which happen and effect on media and journalism statement in Egypt. The Egyptian Center for Public Policies Studies held general interviews and conferences with the participation of many parties and different entities (members of Parliament, members of Press Syndicate, researchers and members of media and journalism councils) just to review, present important events and actors observed over the year. This report includes an “annual detailed report for the statement of media and journalism in Egypt in 2017”. Important events and changes which affected negatively or positively in the climate of freedom of press and media work in Egypt in 2017 in addition to precise recommendations for decision makers based on these events and changes to improve the climate of media and journalism in Egypt. -
Adding Value to Global Logistics: the Expansion of the Suez Canal
EuDA 2018 Annual Conference Th 15/11/2018, Brussels European Dredgers adding Value to Society Worldwide Adding Value to Global Logistics: the Expansion of the Suez Canal Paris SANSOGLOU Secretary General European Dredging Association Presentation’s Objectives Demonstrate: cthe importance of the Suez Canal in Global Logistics cthe importance of the New Suez Canal Project cDredging is a problem-solving and solution-oriented sector ! Provide food for thought on the role of dredging and its contribution to global logistics infrastructures. Slide 2 Suez Canal Expansion Slide 3 Suez Canal Historical overview 1798: Napoleon Bonaparte discovers ancient waterway passage. North – South canal deemed impossible to an alleged water level difference (10m) 1854: Ferdinand de Lesseps obtains a concession to construct a canal open to ships of all nations 1859: Construction begins on the shore of future Port Said 1869: Opening of Canal under French control 1875: British buy minority shareholding in the canal for just under ₤4.0 million 1882: Britain invades Egypt and seizes control of the canal 1956: Nasser, second president of Egypt, nationalises the canal 1967 - 75: Suez canal is closed due to Arab-Israeli war 2014: President el-Sisi launches New Suez Canal project Slide 4 First Canal Project 1859-1869 § Designed for steam powered vessels (only 5% of traffic at that time) § Considered “crazy and utopic” by the British § 70.000.000 m3 – 10 years § Methodology: - Started with forced laborers, shovels and camels - Shifted to steam powered dredgers, introduction -
Egypt CJPME Foundation – Human Rights Report Series Published February, 2016
Africa - Egypt CJPME Foundation – Human Rights Report Series Published February, 2016 Egypt - Human Rights Scorecard 1 Egypt, a country linking northeast Africa with the Middle East, has a well-documented heritage and civilization dating back thousands of years. The 30-year repressive presidency of Hosni Mubarak was overthrown following massive popular protests in early 2011, and replaced with a short-lived and tumultuous period of elective democracy for about two years. In the summer of 2013, this nascent democracy was removed by military coup, and again replaced by a military dictatorship led by President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi. The capital, Cairo, is home to Ottoman landmarks such as Muhammad Ali Mosque.2 Official language: Arabic Ethnic groups: 91% ethnic Egyptians, ethnic minorities include Abazas, Turks, Greeks, and Bedouin Arab tribes. Government: Unitary semi-presidential republic - President: Abdel Fattah el-Sisi - Prime Minister: Sherif Ismail Death penalty: Retentionist Population: 88.5 millions Life expectancy: 73.7 years Under-5 mortality: 24 per 1000 Adult literacy: 73.8 percent Section 1: Respect for the Integrity of the Person Respect for the integrity of the individual is the most fundamental of human rights groupings. It guarantees protection of the person to ensure the right to life, and freedom from torture. It also prevents arbitrary detention, and disappearances, and ensures the right to a free and fair trial when accused. Freedom from arbitrary or unlawful deprivation of life Largely disrespected 3 There have been numerous reports over several years of the government or its agents committing arbitrary or unlawful killings while dispersing demonstrators, holding persons in custody, and during military operations in the northern Sinai Peninsula. -
More Than Money: Post-Mubarak Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and the Gulf
More than Money: Post-Mubarak Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and the Gulf GRC PAPER More than Money: Post-Mubarak Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and the Gulf Yasmine Farouk GRC GULF PAPER April 2014 Gulf Research Center Yasmine Farouk More than Money: Post-Mubarak Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and the Gulf © Gulf Research Center 2014 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means,© Gulf electronic, Research mechanical, Center 2013 photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the Gulf Research Center. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmittedThe opinions in anyexpressed form orin bythis any publication means, electronic, are those mechanical, of the author photocopying, alone and do recording not state oror otherwise,reflect the withoutopinions the prior or position permission of the of Gulfthe Gulf Research Research Center. Center. Gulf Research Center More than Money: Post-Mubarak Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and the Gulf GRC PAPER More than Money: Post-Mubarak Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and the Gulf *1 Yasmine Farouk gypt-Gulf relations are constructed as “organic” among the ruling elites and societies on both sides.1 The Egyptian Supreme Council for Armed Forces issued a statement two months after President Hosni Mubarak’s fall to confirm the persistence of this mutual perception.2 Yet, Mubarak’s ouster Eprogressively instigated a crisis in Egypt-GCC relations. The crisis questioned the traditional perception of Egypt and the Arab Gulf countries as bound within the same security complex.3 It disrupted the conventional patterns of relations with a special focus on the financial channel of interaction. -
The Executive Survey General Information and Guidelines
The Executive Survey General Information and Guidelines Dear Country Expert, In this section, we distinguish between the head of state (HOS) and the head of government (HOG). • The Head of State (HOS) is an individual or collective body that serves as the chief public representative of the country; his or her function could be purely ceremonial. • The Head of Government (HOG) is the chief officer(s) of the executive branch of government; the HOG may also be HOS, in which case the executive survey only pertains to the HOS. • The executive survey applies to the person who effectively holds these positions in practice. • The HOS/HOG pair will always include the effective ruler of the country, even if for a period this is the commander of foreign occupying forces. • The HOS and/or HOG must rule over a significant part of the country’s territory. • The HOS and/or HOG must be a resident of the country — governments in exile are not listed. • By implication, if you are considering a semi-sovereign territory, such as a colony or an annexed territory, the HOS and/or HOG will be a person located in the territory in question, not in the capital of the colonizing/annexing country. • Only HOSs and/or HOGs who stay in power for 100 consecutive days or more will be included in the surveys. • A country may go without a HOG but there will be no period listed with only a HOG and no HOS. • If a HOG also becomes HOS (interim or full), s/he is moved to the HOS list and removed from the HOG list for the duration of their tenure. -
India-Egypt Bilateral Relations
India-Egypt Bilateral Relations India and Egypt, two of the world’s oldest civilizations, have enjoyed a history of close contact since ancient times. Ashoka’s edicts refer to his relations with Egypt under Ptolemy-II. In modern times, Mahatma Gandhi and Saad Zaghloul shared common goals on the independence of their countries, a relationship that was to blossom into an exceptionally close friendship between Gamal Abdel Nasser and Jawaharlal Nehru, leading to a Friendship Treaty between the two countries in 1955. Political Relations India and Egypt share close political understanding based on long history of contacts and cooperation on bilateral, regional and global issues. The joint announcement of establishment of diplomatic relations at Ambassadorial level was made on 18 August 1947. Both countries have cooperated on multilateral fora and were the founding members of Non-Aligned Movement. There is a new momentum in our relations and a shared desire to take it to a higher level. After the new government led by President Sisi took over in June 2014, EAM Smt Sushma Swaraj paid a visit to Cairo in August 2015 and met President Sisi, Foreign Minister Sameh Shoukry (and also met the Secretary General of League of Arab States. Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi met President Sisi on the sidelines of UNGA, New York in September 2015. President Mukherjee and Prime Minister Modi met President Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi during the 3rd India-Africa Forum Summit in New Delhi in October 2015. President Sisi paid a State visit to India in September 2016 accompanied by Mr. Sameh Shoukry, Minister of Foreign Affairs, Mr.