El-Beblawi Meets Party Heads
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Foreign Terrorist Organizations
Order Code RL32223 CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web Foreign Terrorist Organizations February 6, 2004 Audrey Kurth Cronin Specialist in Terrorism Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Huda Aden, Adam Frost, and Benjamin Jones Research Associates Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Congressional Research Service ˜ The Library of Congress Foreign Terrorist Organizations Summary This report analyzes the status of many of the major foreign terrorist organizations that are a threat to the United States, placing special emphasis on issues of potential concern to Congress. The terrorist organizations included are those designated and listed by the Secretary of State as “Foreign Terrorist Organizations.” (For analysis of the operation and effectiveness of this list overall, see also The ‘FTO List’ and Congress: Sanctioning Designated Foreign Terrorist Organizations, CRS Report RL32120.) The designated terrorist groups described in this report are: Abu Nidal Organization (ANO) Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG) Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade Armed Islamic Group (GIA) ‘Asbat al-Ansar Aum Supreme Truth (Aum) Aum Shinrikyo, Aleph Basque Fatherland and Liberty (ETA) Communist Party of Philippines/New People’s Army (CPP/NPA) Al-Gama’a al-Islamiyya (Islamic Group, IG) HAMAS (Islamic Resistance Movement) Harakat ul-Mujahidin (HUM) Hizballah (Party of God) Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU) Jaish-e-Mohammed (JEM) Jemaah Islamiya (JI) Al-Jihad (Egyptian Islamic Jihad) Kahane Chai (Kach) Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK, KADEK) Lashkar-e-Tayyiba -
U.S.-Egyptian Relations Since the 2011 Revolution: the Limits of Leverage
U.S.-Egyptian Relations Since the 2011 Revolution: The Limits of Leverage An Honors Thesis Submitted to the Department of Politics in partial fulfillment of the Honors Program by Benjamin Wolkov April 29, 2015 Table of Contents Introduction 1 Chapter 1. A History of U.S.-Egyptian Relations 7 Chapter 2. Foreign Policy Framework 33 Chapter 3. The Fall of Mubarak, the Rise of the SCAF 53 Chapter 4. Morsi’s Presidency 82 Chapter 5. Relations Under Sisi 115 Conclusion 145 Bibliography 160 1 Introduction Over the past several decades, the United States and Egypt have had a special relationship built around military cooperation and the pursuit of mutual interests in the Middle East. At one point, Egypt was the primary nemesis of American interests in the region as it sought to spread its own form of Arab socialism in cooperation with the Soviet Union. However, since President Anwar Sadat’s decision to sign the Egyptian-Israeli peace treaty in 1979, Egypt has proven a bulwark of the United States interests it once opposed. Specifically, those interests are peace with Israel, the continued flow of oil, American control of the region, and stability within the Middle East. In addition to ensuring these interests, the special friendship has given the United States privileges with Egypt, including the use of Egyptian airspace, expedited transit through the Suez Canal for American warships, and the basing of an extraordinary rendition program on Egyptian territory. Noticeably, the United States has developed its relationship with Egypt on military grounds, concentrating on national security rather than issues such as the economy or human rights. -
Patterns of Global Terrorism 1999
U.S. Department of State, April 2000 Introduction The US Government continues its commitment to use all tools necessary—including international diplomacy, law enforcement, intelligence collection and sharing, and military force—to counter current terrorist threats and hold terrorists accountable for past actions. Terrorists seek refuge in “swamps” where government control is weak or governments are sympathetic. We seek to drain these swamps. Through international and domestic legislation and strengthened law enforcement, the United States seeks to limit the room in which terrorists can move, plan, raise funds, and operate. Our goal is to eliminate terrorist safehavens, dry up their sources of revenue, break up their cells, disrupt their movements, and criminalize their behavior. We work closely with other countries to increase international political will to limit all aspects of terrorists’ efforts. US counterterrorist policies are tailored to combat what we believe to be the shifting trends in terrorism. One trend is the shift from well-organized, localized groups supported by state sponsors to loosely organized, international networks of terrorists. Such a network supported the failed attempt to smuggle explosives material and detonating devices into Seattle in December. With the decrease of state funding, these loosely networked individuals and groups have turned increasingly to other sources of funding, including private sponsorship, narcotrafficking, crime, and illegal trade. This shift parallels a change from primarily politically motivated terrorism to terrorism that is more religiously or ideologically motivated. Another trend is the shift eastward of the locus of terrorism from the Middle East to South Asia, specifically Afghanistan. As most Middle Eastern governments have strengthened their counterterrorist response, terrorists and their organizations have sought safehaven in areas where they can operate with impunity. -
Case 1:15-Cv-00514-BAH Document 12 Filed 10/31/16 Page 1 of 35
Case 1:15-cv-00514-BAH Document 12 Filed 10/31/16 Page 1 of 35 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, ) ) ) Plaintiff, ) ) ) v. ) ) ) KHALED ELSAYED MOHAMMAD ) Civil Action No. 1:15-cv-514 ABO AL DAHAB a.k.a. KHALED ) ELSAYED MOHAMMAD-ABO ) ALDAHAB a.k.a. KHALED ELSAYED ) ) ALI MOHAMMAD a.k.a. KHALED ) ELSAYED MOHAMED a.k.a. KHALED ) E. MOHAMED a.k.a. KHALED ) ) MOHAMED, ) ) ) Defendant. MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT COMES NOW, the United States of America, pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 56, and hereby moves this Court for an order granting summary judgment in its favor. The record in this case shows that no genuine issue of material fact exists as to whether this Court should revoke and set aside the order admitting Defendant to citizenship and cancel his certificate of naturalization. Accordingly, the Government is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. In support of this motion, the Government respectfully refers the Court to the accompanying memorandum of points and authorities and to the accompanying statement of material facts as to which there is no genuine issue. A draft order reflecting the requested relief is also attached. - 1 Case 1:15-cv-00514-BAH Document 12 Filed 10/31/16 Page 2 of 35 Date: October 31, 2016 Respectfully submitted, BENJAMIN C. MIZER Principal Deputy Assistant Attorney General WILLIAM C. PEACHEY Director, District Court Section Office of Immigration Litigation s/ Christopher W. Dempsey CHRISTOPHER W. DEMPSEY Assistant Director United States Department of Justice Office of Immigration Litigation District Court Section P.O. -
More Than Money: Post-Mubarak Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and the Gulf
More than Money: Post-Mubarak Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and the Gulf GRC PAPER More than Money: Post-Mubarak Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and the Gulf Yasmine Farouk GRC GULF PAPER April 2014 Gulf Research Center Yasmine Farouk More than Money: Post-Mubarak Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and the Gulf © Gulf Research Center 2014 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means,© Gulf electronic, Research mechanical, Center 2013 photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the Gulf Research Center. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmittedThe opinions in anyexpressed form orin bythis any publication means, electronic, are those mechanical, of the author photocopying, alone and do recording not state oror otherwise,reflect the withoutopinions the prior or position permission of the of Gulfthe Gulf Research Research Center. Center. Gulf Research Center More than Money: Post-Mubarak Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and the Gulf GRC PAPER More than Money: Post-Mubarak Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and the Gulf *1 Yasmine Farouk gypt-Gulf relations are constructed as “organic” among the ruling elites and societies on both sides.1 The Egyptian Supreme Council for Armed Forces issued a statement two months after President Hosni Mubarak’s fall to confirm the persistence of this mutual perception.2 Yet, Mubarak’s ouster Eprogressively instigated a crisis in Egypt-GCC relations. The crisis questioned the traditional perception of Egypt and the Arab Gulf countries as bound within the same security complex.3 It disrupted the conventional patterns of relations with a special focus on the financial channel of interaction. -
Al-Qaida From: Patterns of Global Terrorism, 2000
Al-Qaida From: Patterns of Global Terrorism, 2000. United States Department of State, April 2001. Description Established by Usama Bin Ladin in the late 1980s to bring together Arabs who fought in Afghanistan against the Soviet invasion. Helped finance, recruit, transport, and train Sunni Islamic extremists for the Afghan resistance. Current goal is to establish a pan-Islamic Caliphate throughout the world by working with allied Islamic extremist groups to overthrow regimes it deems "non-Islamic" and expelling Westerners and non-Muslims from Muslim countries. Issued statement under banner of "the World Islamic Front for Jihad Against the Jews and Crusaders" in February 1998, saying it was the duty of all Muslims to kill US citizens--civilian or military--and their allies everywhere. Activities Plotted to carry out terrorist operations against US and Israeli tourists visiting Jordan for millennial celebrations. (Jordanian authorities thwarted the planned attacks and put 28 suspects on trial.) Conducted the bombings in August 1998 of the US Embassies in Nairobi, Kenya, and Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, that killed at least 301 persons and injured more than 5,000 others. Claims to have shot down US helicopters and killed US servicemen in Somalia in 1993 and to have conducted three bombings that targeted US troops in Aden, Yemen, in December 1992. Linked to the following plans that were not carried out: to assassinate Pope John Paul II during his visit to Manila in late 1994, simultaneous bombings of the US and Israeli Embassies in Manila and other Asian capitals in late 1994, the midair bombing of a dozen US trans-Pacific flights in 1995, and to kill President Clinton during a visit to the Philippines in early 1995. -
Egypt 2014 International Religious Freedom Report
EGYPT 2014 INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM REPORT Executive Summary The 2014 constitution describes freedom of belief as “absolute” and provides adherents of Islam, Christianity, and Judaism the right to practice their religion freely and to build houses of worship. However, the government does not recognize conversion from Islam to any other religion. The constitution specifies Islam as the state religion and the principles of sharia as the primary source of legislation. It also provides for the establishment of an anti-discrimination commission and requires parliament to pass a new law facilitating the construction and renovation of Christian churches. The government prosecuted individuals for “defaming religion” under the penal code, and individuals accused of blasphemy often faced social intolerance and, in some cases, violence. Police and security officials reportedly failed to respond in cases of kidnapping and extortion of Christians in Upper Egypt. The June 30 Fact-Finding Committee, which was established by presidential decree in 2013 to investigate the post-June 2013 violence, released in November the executive summary of its report and ascribed responsibility for the attacks on churches to members of the Muslim Brotherhood. President Sisi met with the leaders of the country’s major Christian groups to discuss their concerns. Accountability for previous sectarian crimes was uneven, and government officials and community leaders continued to sponsor reconciliation sessions – extrajudicial resolutions of sectarian conflict – which human rights advocates and some Christian groups regarded as largely unfair. In an effort to prevent speech in mosques promoting sectarianism or inciting violence, the government enacted a new law mandating stricter penalties for imams preaching in mosques without a license, and published weekly instructions for imams regarding the acceptable content of their sermons. -
2013 Egypt Overview
- Egypt - Recovery and Opportunities SPTEC Advisory – 2013 Country Review Issued January 2014 Egypt - Recovery and Opportunities January 2014 Copy Sponsored by Complimentary www.globalpacificpartners.com www.upstream-advisors.com 2 Egypt - Recovery and Opportunities January 2014 Global Pacific & Partners will host the 11th Maghreb, Mediterranean, MidEast Upstream Conference 2014 from 20-21 May 2014 at the Intercontinental Hotel in Nicosia, Cyprus, with the support of the Cyprus Government and its energy agencies. The Maghreb-Mediterranean-MidEast oil, gas and energy landscape, through its significant exploration and production plays, acreage leasing, bid rounds, Copy company assets and portfolio growth, oil/gas discoveries, unconventional potential,, hydrocarbon potential and joint venture interests, continues to lie at the heart of the world oil/gas industry and will shape the dynamics of the global upstream industry This annual international senior-level Conference, the longest-established upstream meeting on this region of its kind, brings together key Governments, National Oil Companies and leading Corporate players to highlight new discoveries, projects and production shifts, natural gas finds, shale and LNG developments, state oil/gas strategies and policies, investment opportunities, and the region’s shifting oil-energy game that is driving regional economic growth. Complimentary Registration: Please contact Babette van Gessel of Global Pacific & Partners, [email protected] More information: Please visit www.globalpacificpartners.com 3 Egypt - Recovery and Opportunities January 2014 Upstream Advisors is a niche, independent consultancy serving the exploration and production (upstream) sector of the oil and gas industry. Our capability spans the technical, project management and commercial arenas of the upstream sector. We work in partnership and in close co-operation with our clients. -
Cuaderno De Documentacion
SECRETARIA DE ESTADO DE ECONOMIA Y APOYO A LA EMPRESA MINISTERIO DIRECCION GENERAL ANALISIS MACROECONOMICO DE ECONOMÍA Y Y ECONOMÍA INTERNACIONAL &203(7,7,9,'$' SUBDIRECCION GENERAL DE ECONOMIA INTERNACIONAL CUADERNO DE DOCUMENTACION Número 94 ANEXO IX Alvaro Espina Vocal Asesor 24 de Enero de 2012 ENTRE EL 1 DE SEPTIEMBRE Y EL 15 DE OCTUBRE DE 2011 BACKGROUND PAPERS:* 1. La excepción del Golfo, Fp de Ana Echangüe …11 2. Un final infeliz para Yemen, Fp de Carles Schmitz…14 3. Depende: Siria, Fp de Barah Mikail…18 4. El gran patio trasero de Rusia, Fp de Mikhail Metzel…23 5. What’s the future for Facebook revolutions?, Political Bookworm by Jeffrey C Alexander…27 6. Egypt trip update, Tale University by Jeffrey Alexander…29 7. What President Obama must do to save Egypt’s democracy, http://ccs research.yale.edu by Jeffrey C Alexander…36 8. Shmuel Noah (SN) Eisenstadt, ASA Footnotes …40 9. The performance of politics, http://www.asanet.org by Jeffrey C Alexander…42 10. In Tunisia, waiting for the morning after, The New York Times by By HDS Greenway…45 11. Alarmante Egipto, El País.com…47 12. Popular candidate worries secular Tunisians, Spiegel OnLine by Mathieu von Rohr…48 13. The military has gone too far, Almasryalyoum …52 14. A massacre at the hands of the authorities, Almasryalyoum by Karima Kamal…54 15. Don’t be blind to Erdogan’s flaws, Financial Times by Gideon Rachman…56 16. Sanctions pose growing threat to Syria’s Assad, The New York Times by Nada Bakri…59 17. -
Homeland Defense: Coping with the Threat of Indirect, Covert, Terrorist, and Extremist Attacks with Weapons of Mass Destruction
CSIS_______________________________ Center for Strategic and International Studies 1800 K Street N.W. Washington, DC 20006 (202) 775-3270 Updates from: CSIS.ORG, “Homeland Defense” Comments to: [email protected] DEFENDING AMERICA REDEFINING THE CONCEPTUAL BORDERS OF HOMELAND DEFENSE HOMELAND DEFENSE: COPING WITH THE THREAT OF INDIRECT, COVERT, TERRORIST, AND EXTREMIST ATTACKS WITH WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION MAIN REPORT Final Draft Anthony H. Cordesman Arleigh A. Burke Chair in Strategy REVISION FEBRUARY 14, 2001 Copyright CSIS, all rights reserved. CSIS Homeland Defense: Asymmetric Warfare & Terrorism 2/16/01 Page ii The following report is the final draft of a book on Homeland Defense being prepared as part of the CSIS Homeland Defense project. A substantially revised version will be published as a Praeger book later in 2001. Copyright CSIS, all rights reserved. CSIS Homeland Defense: Asymmetric Warfare & Terrorism 2/16/01 Page iii Acknowledgements The author would like to thank Preston Golson and Aviva Roller for their assistance in researching and editing this report Copyright CSIS, all rights reserved. CSIS Homeland Defense: Asymmetric Warfare & Terrorism 2/16/01 Page iv Executive Summary The US faces growing potential threats from state actors, their proxies, or independent extremists and terrorists. While various analysts have tended to exaggerate the immediate threat, or the current threat posted by given actors, this does not mean that the threat is not real or that the nation does not need to improve its defense and response capabilities. The US must plan to defend against such threats not only to defend its own homeland, but to protect its ability to deploy forces overseas and its allies. -
Iraq and Other Threats to the Us Involving Weapons of Mass Destruction
CSIS_______________________________ Center for Strategic and International Studies 1800 K Street N.W. Washington, DC 20006 (202) 775-3270 Updates from: CSIS.ORG, “Homeland Defense” Comments to: [email protected] DEFENDING AMERICA IRAQ AND OTHER THREATS TO THE US INVOLVING WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION Anthony H. Cordesman Arleigh A. Burke Chair in Strategy OCTOBER 17, 2001 Copyright CSIS, all rights reserved. CSIS Homeland Defense: Asymmetric Warfare & Terrorism 10/17/01 Page ii Table of Contents Washington, DC 20006.........................................................................................................................................i POTENTIAL STATE ACTORS .......................................................................................................................................1 A Department of State Assessment of State Threats.............................................................................................2 A Department of Defense Assessment of Threats from Foreign States ................................................................7 The Probable Lack of Well-Defined Strategic Warning of a Threat from State Actors and Unpredictable Behavior in a Crisis ...........................................................................................................................................10 FOREIGN TERRORISTS AND EXTREMISTS .................................................................................................................14 Continuing Threats and Counterterrorist Action...............................................................................................15 -
Post Revolutionary Change in Egypt and Its Effect on Relations with Israel
Coming Full Circle: Post Revolutionary Change in Egypt and its Effect on Relations with Israel by Benjamin Max Goldberg Honors Thesis Appalachian State University Submitted to the Department of Government and Justice Studies and The Honors College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science May, 2016 Approved by: Curtis Ryan, Ph.D., Thesis Director William M. Hutchins, Ph. D., Second Reader Elicka Peterson-Sparks, Ph. D., Department of Government and Justice Studies Honors Director Ted Zerucha, Ph.D., Interim Director, The Honors College Goldberg 2 Abstract This thesis provides an analysis of the process of revolution that occurred in Egypt starting in January 2011 and its impact on Egyptian-Israeli relations. After the process of revolution is examined, a detailed account of the various regime changes that occurred over the next 4 years is provided. After these regime changes are detailed, the foreign policy decisions of Israel and the various Egyptian regimes are examined. This analysis culminates in a prediction for Egypt’s future. A major finding of this thesis is that Egypt underwent a revolution to remove an oppressive regime to only go through years of violence, protest, and at some times anarchy, to have a regime remarkably similar to the one they wished to remove. The other main finding of this analysis is that Egyptian-Israeli relations changed drastically with regime change, but was always considered by the new regimes. Goldberg 3 Part I: Introduction and Causes for Revolution For a long time, there have been tensions between Egypt and Israel, but over the last few decades, there has been a tenuous peace between the two neighbors.