Spring 2001 Prizes and Awards
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R. Stephen Berry 1931–2020
R. Stephen Berry 1931–2020 A Biographical Memoir by Stuart A. Rice and Joshua Jortner ©2021 National Academy of Sciences. Any opinions expressed in this memoir are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Academy of Sciences. RICHARD STEPHEN BERRY April 9, 1931–July 26, 2020 Elected to the NAS, 1980 We have prepared this memoir to bear witness to the life of R. Stephen (Steve) Berry, with emphasis on the view that a memorial is about reminding ourselves and others of more than his many and varied contributions to science; it is also to remind us of his personal warmth and freely offered friendship, of his generous support for all of us in a variety of situations, and of his loyalty to his friends and the institutions he served. The record of an individ- ual’s accomplishment is commonly taken to define his/ her legacy. Using that protocol, creative scientists are fortunate in that their contributions are visible, and those contributions endure, or not, on their own merits. Steve Berry was one of the most broadly ranging and influen- tial scientists in the world. His seminal experimental and By Stuart A. Rice theoretical contributions are distinguished by a keen eye and Joshua Jortner for new concepts and innovative and practical analyses. These contributions, which are remarkable in both scope and significance, have helped to shape our scientific perception. They have had, and continue to have, great influence on the development of chemistry, biophysics materials science, the science and technology related to the use, production, and conservation of energy, the societal applications of science and technology, and national and international science policy. -
Sterns Lebensdaten Und Chronologie Seines Wirkens
Sterns Lebensdaten und Chronologie seines Wirkens Diese Chronologie von Otto Sterns Wirken basiert auf folgenden Quellen: 1. Otto Sterns selbst verfassten Lebensläufen, 2. Sterns Briefen und Sterns Publikationen, 3. Sterns Reisepässen 4. Sterns Züricher Interview 1961 5. Dokumenten der Hochschularchive (17.2.1888 bis 17.8.1969) 1888 Geb. 17.2.1888 als Otto Stern in Sohrau/Oberschlesien In allen Lebensläufen und Dokumenten findet man immer nur den VornamenOt- to. Im polizeilichen Führungszeugnis ausgestellt am 12.7.1912 vom königlichen Polizeipräsidium Abt. IV in Breslau wird bei Stern ebenfalls nur der Vorname Otto erwähnt. Nur im Emeritierungsdokument des Carnegie Institutes of Tech- nology wird ein zweiter Vorname Otto M. Stern erwähnt. Vater: Mühlenbesitzer Oskar Stern (*1850–1919) und Mutter Eugenie Stern geb. Rosenthal (*1863–1907) Nach Angabe von Diana Templeton-Killan, der Enkeltochter von Berta Kamm und somit Großnichte von Otto Stern (E-Mail vom 3.12.2015 an Horst Schmidt- Böcking) war Ottos Großvater Abraham Stern. Abraham hatte 5 Kinder mit seiner ersten Frau Nanni Freund. Nanni starb kurz nach der Geburt des fünften Kindes. Bald danach heiratete Abraham Berta Ben- der, mit der er 6 weitere Kinder hatte. Ottos Vater Oskar war das dritte Kind von Berta. Abraham und Nannis erstes Kind war Heinrich Stern (1833–1908). Heinrich hatte 4 Kinder. Das erste Kind war Richard Stern (1865–1911), der Toni Asch © Springer-Verlag GmbH Deutschland 2018 325 H. Schmidt-Böcking, A. Templeton, W. Trageser (Hrsg.), Otto Sterns gesammelte Briefe – Band 1, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-55735-8 326 Sterns Lebensdaten und Chronologie seines Wirkens heiratete. -
Executive Committee Meeting 6:00 Pm, November 22, 2008 Marriott Rivercenter Hotel
Executive Committee Meeting 6:00 pm, November 22, 2008 Marriott Rivercenter Hotel Attendees: Steve Pope, Lex Smits, Phil Marcus, Ellen Longmire, Juan Lasheras, Anette Hosoi, Laurette Tuckerman, Jim Brasseur, Paul Steen, Minami Yoda, Martin Maxey, Jean Hertzberg, Monica Malouf, Ken Kiger, Sharath Girimaji, Krishnan Mahesh, Gary Leal, Bill Schultz, Andrea Prosperetti, Julian Domaradzki, Jim Duncan, John Foss, PK Yeung, Ann Karagozian, Lance Collins, Kimberly Hill, Peggy Holland, Jason Bardi (AIP) Note: Attachments related to agenda items follow the order of the agenda and are appended to this document. Key Decisions The ExCom voted to move $100k of operating funds to an endowment for a new award. The ExCom voted that a new name (not Otto Laporte) should be chosen for this award. In the coming year, the Award committee (currently the Fluid Dynamics Prize committee) should establish the award criteria, making sure to distinguish the criteria from those associated with the Batchelor prize. The committee should suggest appropriate wording for the award application and make a recommendation on the naming of the award. The ExCom voted to move Newsletter publication to the first weeks of June and December each year. The ExCom voted to continue the Ad Hoc Committee on Media and Public Relations for two more years (through 2010). The ExCom voted that $15,000 per year in 2009 and 2010 be allocated for Media and Public Relations activities. Most of these funds would be applied toward continuing to use AIP media services in support of news releases and Virtual Pressroom activities related to the annual DFD meeting. Meeting Discussion 1. -
Karl Herzfeld Retained Ties with His Family and with the German Physics Community by Occasional Visits to Germany
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES KARL FERDINAND HERZFELD 1892–1978 A Biographical Memoir by JOSEPH F. MULLIGAN Any opinions expressed in this memoir are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Academy of Sciences. Biographical Memoirs, VOLUME 80 PUBLISHED 2001 BY THE NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS WASHINGTON, D.C. Courtesy of AIP Emilio Segrè Visual Archives, Physics Today Collection KARL FERDINAND HERZFELD February 24, 1892–June 3, 1978 BY JOSEPH F. MULLIGAN ARL F. HERZFELD, BORN in Vienna, Austria, studied at the Kuniversity there and at the universities in Zurich and Göttingen and took courses at the ETH (Technical Insti- tute) in Zurich before receiving his Ph.D. from the University of Vienna in 1914. In 1925, after four years in the Austro- Hungarian Army during World War I and five years as Privatdozent in Munich with Professors Arnold Sommerfeld and Kasimir Fajans, he was named extraordinary professor of theoretical physics at Munich University. A year later he accepted a visiting professorship in the United States at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland. This visiting position developed into a regular faculty appointment at Johns Hopkins, which he held until 1936. Herzfeld then moved to Catholic University of America in Washington, D.C., where he remained until his death in 1978. As physics chairman at Catholic University until 1961, Herzfeld built a small teaching-oriented department into a strong research department that achieved national renown for its programs in statistical mechanics, ultrasonics, and theoretical research on the structure of molecules, gases, liquids, and solids. During his career Herzfeld published about 140 research papers on physics and chemistry, wrote 3 4 BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS two important books: Kinetische Theorie der Wärme (1925), and (with T. -
Harry H. Wasserman 1920–2013
Harry H. Wasserman 1920–2013 A Biographical Memoir by Jerome A. Berson and Samuel J. Danishefsky ©2015 National Academy of Sciences. Any opinions expressed in this memoir are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Academy of Sciences. HARRY HERSCHAL WASSERMAN December 1, 1920–December 29, 2013 Elected to the NAS, 1987 Harry Wasserman—a warm, charming, multi-talented man and a keenly creative chemist—served on the faculty of Yale University for more than 50 years. Harry grew up in and around Boston, MA, in a family that often struggled to pay the rent. On weekends, he and his brothers would earn a few dollars sifting sand on nearby Revere Beach for lost coins. He earned high marks at Cambridge & Latin high school and was awarded a Cambridge scholarship to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, which he entered in 1937 at age 16. He earned a B.S. in chemistry from MIT in 1941. While in college, Harry considered a University. Yale Photography courtesy career as an artist, and he studied with Boston painter and sculptor John Wilson, but science, particularly chemistry, drew him away from a full-time commitment to art. He By Jerome A. Berson continued to follow both muses throughout his life. After and Samuel J. Danishefsky MIT, Harry began graduate studies at Harvard University under the mentorship of the organic chemist Robert Burns Woodward, a future Nobel laureate, Harry interrupted his graduate studies in 1943 to serve in the 503rd Army Air Force in Africa and the Middle East. -
UC San Diego UC San Diego Electronic Theses and Dissertations
UC San Diego UC San Diego Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title The new prophet : Harold C. Urey, scientist, atheist, and defender of religion Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3j80v92j Author Shindell, Matthew Benjamin Publication Date 2011 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO The New Prophet: Harold C. Urey, Scientist, Atheist, and Defender of Religion A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in History (Science Studies) by Matthew Benjamin Shindell Committee in charge: Professor Naomi Oreskes, Chair Professor Robert Edelman Professor Martha Lampland Professor Charles Thorpe Professor Robert Westman 2011 Copyright Matthew Benjamin Shindell, 2011 All rights reserved. The Dissertation of Matthew Benjamin Shindell is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication on microfilm and electronically: ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ Chair University of California, San Diego 2011 iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Signature Page……………………………………………………………………...... iii Table of Contents……………………………………………………………………. iv Acknowledgements…………………………………………………………………. -
Chapter 6 Free Electron Fermi Gas
理学院 物理系 沈嵘 Chapter 6 Free Electron Fermi Gas 6.1 Electron Gas Model and its Ground State 6.2 Thermal Properties of Electron Gas 6.3 Free Electrons in Electric Fields 6.4 Hall Effect 6.5 Thermal Conductivity of Metals 6.6 Failures of the free electron gas model 1 6.1 Electron Gas Model and its Ground State 6.1 Electron Gas Model and its Ground State I. Basic Assumptions of Electron Gas Model Metal: valence electrons → conduction electrons (moving freely) ü The simplest metals are the alkali metals—lithium, sodium, 2 potassium, cesium, and rubidium. 6.1 Electron Gas Model and its Ground State density of electrons: Zr n = N m A A where Z is # of conduction electrons per atom, A is relative atomic mass, rm is the density of mass in the metal. The spherical volume of each electron is, 1 3 1 V 4 3 æ 3 ö = = p rs rs = ç ÷ n N 3 è 4p nø Free electron gas model: Suppose, except the confining potential near surfaces of metals, conduction electrons are completely free. The conduction electrons thus behave just like gas atoms in an ideal gas --- free electron gas. 3 6.1 Electron Gas Model and its Ground State Basic Properties: ü Ignore interactions of electron-ion type (free electron approx.) ü And electron-eletron type (independent electron approx). Total energy are of kinetic type, ignore potential energy contribution. ü The classical theory had several conspicuous successes 4 6.1 Electron Gas Model and its Ground State Long Mean Free Path: ü From many types of experiments it is clear that a conduction electron in a metal can move freely in a straight path over many atomic distances. -
Free Executive Summary
http://www.nap.edu/catalog/573.html We ship printed books within 1 business day; personal PDFs are available immediately. Biographical Memoirs V.50 Office of the Home Secretary, National Academy of Sciences ISBN: 0-309-59898-2, 416 pages, 6 x 9, (1979) This PDF is available from the National Academies Press at: http://www.nap.edu/catalog/573.html Visit the National Academies Press online, the authoritative source for all books from the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, the Institute of Medicine, and the National Research Council: • Download hundreds of free books in PDF • Read thousands of books online for free • Explore our innovative research tools – try the “Research Dashboard” now! • Sign up to be notified when new books are published • Purchase printed books and selected PDF files Thank you for downloading this PDF. If you have comments, questions or just want more information about the books published by the National Academies Press, you may contact our customer service department toll- free at 888-624-8373, visit us online, or send an email to [email protected]. This book plus thousands more are available at http://www.nap.edu. Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Unless otherwise indicated, all materials in this PDF File are copyrighted by the National Academy of Sciences. Distribution, posting, or copying is strictly prohibited without written permission of the National Academies Press. Request reprint permission for this book. i e h t be ion. om r ibut f r t cannot r at not Biographical Memoirs o f NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES however, version ng, i t paper book, at ive at rm o riginal horit ic f o e h t he aut t om r as ing-specif t ion ed f peset y http://www.nap.edu/catalog/573.html Biographical MemoirsV.50 publicat her t iles creat is h t L f M of and ot X om yles, r f st version print posed e h heading Copyright © National Academy ofSciences. -
Translating Local Binding Energy to a Device Effective One
Sustainable Energy & Fuels Translating Local Binding Energy to a Device Effective one Journal: Sustainable Energy & Fuels Manuscript ID SE-ART-11-2019-001095 Article Type: Paper Date Submitted by the 13-Nov-2019 Author: Complete List of Authors: Liraz, Dan; Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Electrical Engineering Cheng, Pei; University of California Los Angeles, Materials Science and Engineering Yang, Yang; University of California, Department of Materials Science and Engineering Tessler, Nir; Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Electrical Engineering Page 1 of 12 PleaseSustainable do not Energy adjust & margins Fuels ARTICLE Translating Local Binding Energy to a Device Effective one Dan Liraz,a Pei Cheng,b Yang Yangb and Nir Tesslera† Received 00th January 20xx, One of the puzzles in the field of organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs) is the high exciton dissociation (charge generation) Accepted 00th January 20xx efficiency even though simple coulomb based arguments would predict binding energy of 150-500 meV that would suppress DOI: 10.1039/x0xx00000x such dissociation. Not knowing which mechanism drives such high dissociation efficiency does not allow to draw clear design rules. The common approach answering this puzzle is that the binding energy must be lower due to delocalization, disorder or entropy considerations. However, using these theories to quantitatively reproduce the dissociation is challenging. Here, considering entropy and disorder, a new approach is being suggested using the exciton dissociation efficiency as the parameter to weigh the effect of the energetic disorder. The effective entropy-disorder (EED) model predicts the device- equivalent charge generation efficiency, and provides a consistent new definition for the effective binding energy (Ebeff). -
Special Collections of the University of Miami Libraries ASM0466 Kursunoglu, Behram Papers Container List
Special Collections of the University of Miami Libraries ASM0466 Kursunoglu, Behram Papers Container List Box Title or No. Description 1 Papers and Bound Periodicals 1967-1978 2 Videocassettes 3 Videocassettes 4 Videocassettes 5 Videocassettes 6 Videocassettes 7 Videocassettes 8 Audiocassettes 9 Documents pertaining to visiting professors A-E 10 Documents pertaining to visiting professors F-On 11 Documents pertaining to visiting professors Op-Sn 12 Documents pertaining to visiting professors St-Z The following is a list of visiting professors that are represented in the collection: * = Nobel Laureate The numbers after the names signify the number of files. *Nikolai Basov, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lebedev Institute *Hans A. Bethe, Cornell University Gregory Breit, Yale University Nikolai Bogolubov, Soviet Academy of Sciences, Moscow University * Walter H. Brattain, Columbia University Special Collections of the University of Miami Libraries ASM0466 Kursunoglu, Behram Papers Container List Box Title or No. Description Jocelyn Bell Burnell, Cambridge University H.B.G. Casimir, Phillips, Eindhoven, Netherlands Britton Chance, University of Pennsylvania *Leon Cooper, Brown University Jean Couture, Former Sec. of Energy for France *Francis H.C. Crick, Salk Institute Richard Dalitz, Oxford University *Hans G. Dehmelt, University of Washington *Max Delbruck, of California Tech. *P.A.M. Dirac (16), Cambridge University Freeman Dyson (2), Institute For Advanced Studies, Princeton *John C. Eccles, University of Buffalo *Gerald Edelman, Rockefeller University, NY *Manfred Eigen, Max Planck Institute Göttingen *Albert . Einstein (2), Institute For Advance Studies, Princeton *Richard Feynman, of California Tech. *Paul Flory, Stanford University *Murray Gell-Mann, of CaliforniaTech. *Dona1d Glaser, Berkeley, UniversityCa1. Thomas Gold, Cornell University Special Collections of the University of Miami Libraries ASM0466 Kursunoglu, Behram Papers Container List Box Title or No. -
Mathematical Chemistry! Is It? and If So, What Is It?
Mathematical Chemistry! Is It? And if so, What Is It? Douglas J. Klein Abstract: Mathematical chemistry entailing the development of novel mathe- matics for chemical applications is argued to exist, and to manifest an extreme- ly diverse range of applications. Yet further it is argued to have a substantial history of well over a century, though the field has perhaps only attained a de- gree of recognition with a formal widely accepted naming in the last few dec- ades. The evidence here for the broad range and long history is by way of nu- merous briefly noted example sub-areas. That mathematical chemistry was on- ly recently formally recognized is seemingly the result of its having been somewhat disguised for a period of time – sometimes because it was viewed as just an unnamed part of physical chemistry, and sometimes because the rather frequent applications in other chemical areas were not always viewed as math- ematical (often involving somewhat ‘non-numerical’ mathematics). Mathemat- ical chemistry’s relation to and distinction from computational chemistry & theoretical chemistry is further briefly addressed. Keywords : mathematical chemistry, physical chemistry, computational chemistry, theoretical chemistry. 1. Introduction Chemistry is a rich and complex science, exhibiting a diversity of reproduci- ble and precisely describable predictions. Many predictions are quantitative numerical predictions and also many are of a qualitative (non-numerical) nature, though both are susceptible to sophisticated mathematical formaliza- tion. As such, it should naturally be anticipated that there is a ‘mathematical chemistry’, rather likely with multiple roots and with multiple aims. Mathe- matical chemistry should focus on mathematically novel ideas and concepts adapted or developed for use in chemistry (this view being much in parallel with that for other similarly named mathematical fields, in physics, or in biology, or in sociology, etc. -
Citation Statistics from 110 Years of Physical Review
Citation Statistics From 110 Years of Physical Review S. Redner1, ∗ 1Theory Division and Center for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545 Publicly available data reveal long-term systematic features about citation statistics and how papers are referenced. The data also tell fascinating citation histories of individual articles. Introduction exhibit some of the universal features that have been as- cribed to prototypical models of evolving networks5,7,8. The first particle published in the Physical Review was Before examining the citation data, I offer several received in 1893; the journal’s first volume included 6 is- caveats: First, the data include only internal citations sues and 24 articles. In the 20th century, the Physical — that is, citations from PR articles to other PR articles Review branched into topical sections and spawned new — and are perforce incomplete. For highly cited papers, 9 journals. Today, all articles in the Physical Review fam- a previous study found that total citations typically out- ily of journals (PR) are available online and, as a useful number internal ones by a factor of 3 to 5, a result that byproduct, all citations in PR articles are electronically gives a sense of the incompleteness of the PR data. Sec- 9,10 available. ond, some 5–10% of citations appear to be erroneous , The citation data provide a treasure trove of quanti- although the recent practice by PR of crosschecking ref- tative information. As individuals who write scientific erences when manuscripts are submitted has significantly papers, most of us are keenly interested in how often reduced the error rate.