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"Late Quaternary Rates of Deformation,Laguna Beach,San Onofre State Beach,Orange & San Diego Counties,CA." Analyze

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SAN ONOFRE .NUCLEAR GENERATING STATION UNITS 2 AND 3 LATE QUATERNARY RATES OF DEFORMATION LAGUNA BEACH-SAN ONOFRE STATE BEACH ORANGE AND SAN DIEGO COUNTIES, CALIFORNIA OCTOBER 1978 NOTICE THE ATTACHED FILES ARE OFFICIAL RECORDS OF THE DIVISION OF DOCUMENT CONTROL. THEY HAVE BEEN CHARGED TO YOU FOR A LIMITED TIME PERIOD AND MUST BE RETURNED TO THE RECORDS FACILITY BRANCH 016. PLEASE DO NOT SEND DOCUMENTS OUT THROUGH THE MAIL. REMOVAL OF ANY -RO-IS- 0CHARGED PAGE(S) FROM DOCUMENT FOR REPRODUCTION MUST BE REFERRED TO FILE PERSONNEL. DEADLINE RETURN DATE _______ l ~/ 1 01734 E mscsoul' r y FACILITY BRANCH SANSD RECORDS SAN ONOFRE NUCLEAR GENERATING STATION UNITS 2 AND 3 LATE QUATERNARY RATES OF DEFORMATION LAGUNA BEACH -. SAN ONOFRE STATE BEACH ORANGE AND SAN DIEGO COUNTIES, CALIFORNIA for Southern California Edison Company and San Diego Gas & Electric Company by Roy J. Shlemon Roy J. Shlemon & Assoc., Inc. P. 0. Box 3066 Newport Beach, California 92663 St October 1978 Us' uma CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION............ 1 Purpose. .... 1 Previous Investigations.... ... 3 Scope and Investigative Procedures............ 4 Acknowledgments . 5 TERRACE 1 SHORELINE ANGLE ELEVATIONS....... .. 6 Shorelines as Stratigraphic Markers . .. 8 Shorelines as Indicators of Regional Deformation. 9 Accuracy of Shoreline-Angle Elevations..... .11. TERRACE 1 AS A STRATIGRAPHIC MARKER . ... 15 LATE QUATERNARY RATES OF DEFORMATION......... 27 Stage 5e Sea Level. ......... 27 Longitudinal Tilt . ................ 28 Seaward Tilt. ...... ............. 31 Regional Rates of Uplift . 33 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS . 36 REFERENCES CITED. ..... ............ 38 ILLUSTRATIONS F 0.N. Pag~e 1. Location of altimeter and hand-level stations for calculation of Terrace 1 shoreline angle elevations . 2 2. Diagrammatic cross-section and geomorphological terminology pertaining to raised terraces, Laguna Beach - San Onofre State Beach, California...... .. 7 3. Planar contact of marine and continental sediments overlying Terrace 1 platform, cut on Tertiary Monterey Formation . ............... 10 4. Terrace 1 platform exposed in excavation at top of bluffs overlooking Dana Point Harbor. 12 5, Projected shoreline-angle elevations - Terrace 1 Platform . ............... 16 6. Exposures of Terrace 1 platform, basal marine gravels and sands, and overlying continental sediments; San Clemente State Beach. ...... ... ...... .. 18 7. Fossil shells in basal marine sands - 3-4 m above Terrace 1 platform. Exposures adjacent to stairs and access trail to beach, north San Clemente #3. 19 8. Basal Terrace 1 gravels overlying Capistrano Formation in 700-800 incontinuous cuts, Dana Point...... 20 9 Basal marine gravels and sands containing fossil shells at Terrace 1 - bedrock contact near shoreline angle, Street of the Copper Lantern, Dana Point. 26 (IIi TABLES Page 1. Terrace 1 measured shoreline localities. ....... ... 21 2. Average uplift rate of Terrace 1 for the last 125,000 years. 29 3. Comparison of late Quaternary uplift. rates, southern Calif ornia coast....... ................... ........ 34 0 INTRODUCTION Purpose This study is one of several commissioned by the Southern California Edison Company (SCE) and San Diego Gas & Electric Company (SDG&E) to analyze the regional geology north and north west of San .Onofre Nuclear Generating Stations, Units 2 & 3. Of particular interest is locating possible late Quaternary structural displacements or a "hinge line" of uplift northward across the Capistrano Embayment and toward the San Joaquin Hills. This specific study deals with the late Quaternary evolution of the coastal area, mainly delimit ing the continuity and elevation of the first marine terrace contact (wave-cut platform; or Terrace 1 of Shlemon, 1978) from approximately the Target Canyon area of Camp Pendleton on the south to Laguna Beach on the north (Fig. 1). The major purposes of this study are: (1) To determine late Quaternary (last 125,000 years) rates of deformation along the coast for a distance of approximately 17 km from San Onofre Units 2 & 3 to Dana Point; and by reconnaissance another 15 km northwestward to Laguna Beach; and (2) To compare these rates of deformation with published data for other coastal areas in southern California; and thereby assess the relative tectonic stability of the San Onofre area. -1- **.* oc .:-o ta es a Sa/ Ea N.N CL ME TES # / LEMETEN.SAN # /~ CLEENE131N. SA O k8 O 0 kiometrs 5 TARGETCANYO Fig. 1-oainoWlieeradhn-ee ttin o aclto of (wav-cutTerace latfom) shrelin ang Eelvtos Basefro andGeo. Calf. Sata iv.na Seet ine e .ind Previous Investigations The geological setting and most recent syntheses of San Onofre Units 2 & 3 area geology have been spelled out in the San Onofre Units 2 & 3 Final Safety Analysis Report (FSAR). Other SCE and SDG&E commission ed geotechnical investigations have emphasized various aspects of late Quaternary stratigraphy, geomorphology, and coastal evolution in order to date the last movement of faults (e.g., Fugro, 1975a, 1975b, Shlemon, 1977). The present study extends northward the late Quaternary chronology developed for the Camp Pendleton - San Onofre State Beach area (Shlemon, 1978a). Several regional geological maps identify late Quaternary coastal sediments north of the San Onofre area; particularly the wave-cut platform of Terrace 1 and its overlying marine and continental sediments. From a regional standpoint, most comprehensive is the mapping of Vedder and others (1957, 1975) where several discontinuous flights of marine terraces and related deposits are recognized between San Clemente on the south and Newport Beach on the north (Fig. 1). Marine terrace deposits in the study area have also been mapped by the California Division of Mines and Geology; mainly in the San Clemente area (Blanc and Cleveland, 1968), at San Juan Capistrano (Morton and others, 1974), and in the Dana Point region (Edgington, 1974). Addition ally, several theses briefly refer to the location and age of late Quaternary sediments between San Onofre Units 2 & 3 and Laguna Beach (Ball, 1961; Bartow, 1964; Duggan, 1961; Neblett, 1966; Palmer, 1967). -3- An abundance of U-series and amino-acid dates are now available to date Terrace 1 deposits ("first emergent terrace") in Southern California. Those particularly pertaining to the study area have been reviewed by Fugro (1975a), Shlemon (1977, 1978a), Szabo and Vedder (1971), and Wehmiller and others (1977). Scope and Investigative Procedures The data and interpretations presented in this study devolve from two main sources: (1) Assessment of published literature and unpublished consultants' reports pertaining to mapping and radiometric and relative dating of geological units, geomorphic surfaces; and of glacioeustatic sea level fluctuations as they bear upon the late Quaternary evolution of the San Onofre north area; and (2) Field measurements, observations and description, particularly of the Terrace 1 basal contact and overlying sediments where exposed in sea cliffs, and road and gully cuts north of San Onofre Units 2 & 3. Following helicopter and ground reconnaissance, some 15 Terrace 1 shoreline angle localities between San Onofre and Laguna Beach were identified and elevations determined by altimeter survey and instrumental hand-levelling. Additionally, rates of late Quaternary uplift were recalculated for the Target Canyon area of Camp Pendleton (cf. Shlemon, -4- 1978a), approximately 12 km south of San Onofre Units 2 & 3. Finally, all literature pertaining to long-term average uplift rates for the Southern California coast was compiled in order to assess the late Quaternary tectonic stability of the San Onofre area. Acknowledgements In addition to literature synthesis and collection of new field data, this study also benefited greatly from personal communication graciously provided by others working in the immediate area, or with techniques directly applicable to dating late Quaternary coastal sequences. In particular, K. R. Lajoie and G. 0. Kennedy, U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, reviewed various U-series dating techniques, provided inter pretation of sediment age based on amino-acid dating and faunal assemblage, and generally reviewed concepts regarding the tectonic stability of the Orange and San Diego County coastal region. Logistical support was furnished in part by the Southern California Edison Company. In particular, J. L. McNey arranged for helicopter reconnaissance, and P. Hamilton assisted in field work in the immediate vicinity of San Onofre Units 2 & 3. -5- TERRACE 1 SHORELINE ANGLE ELEVATIONS Throughout much of Southern California and along most other cliffed coasts of the world, present mean sea level is represented geomorphologically by a distinct break in slope or an "angle" at the base of coastal bluffs. This is the average point where land and water meet (Fig. 2). This shoreline angle often varies a metre or two from place to place, even on modern coasts, owing to local differences of tidal range, direction and force of wind, height of breakers, slope of shore, and other local effects engendered by topographic differences and erosional resistance of bedrock. The modern shoreline angle may not be identifiable at every locality, for often it is ephemeral, frequently covered by locally-derived colluvial or eolian deposits. Therefore, identifying the precise elevation of ancient shorelines is likewise difficult. Nevertheless, even an estimated paleo-shoreline angle elevation provides a first approximation of possible regional deformation, especially if the old shore
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