2018 Annual Report 11 the American Baptist Churches
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A Constitutional Right of Religious Exemption: an Historical Perspective
Columbia Law School Scholarship Archive Faculty Scholarship Faculty Publications 1992 A Constitutional Right of Religious Exemption: An Historical Perspective Philip A. Hamburger Columbia Law School, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.columbia.edu/faculty_scholarship Part of the Constitutional Law Commons, Criminal Law Commons, Family Law Commons, First Amendment Commons, Housing Law Commons, Human Rights Law Commons, Labor and Employment Law Commons, Land Use Law Commons, Law and Politics Commons, Law and Society Commons, and the Property Law and Real Estate Commons Recommended Citation Philip A. Hamburger, A Constitutional Right of Religious Exemption: An Historical Perspective, GEO. WASH. L. REV. (1992). Available at: https://scholarship.law.columbia.edu/faculty_scholarship/2766 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Publications at Scholarship Archive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Scholarship by an authorized administrator of Scholarship Archive. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A Constitutional Right of Religious Exemption: An Historical Perspective Philip A. Hamburger* Did late eighteenth-century Americans understand the Free Exer- cise Clause of the United States Constitution to provide individuals a right of exemption from civil laws to which they had religious ob- jections? Claims of exemption based on the Free Exercise Clause have prompted some of the Supreme Court's most prominent free exercise decisions, and therefore this historical inquiry about a right of exemption may have implications for our constitutional jurispru- dence.' Even if the Court does not adopt late eighteenth-century ideas about the free exercise of religion, we may, nonetheless, find that the history of such ideas can contribute to our contemporary analysis. -
Slavery and the Underground Railroad at the Eppes Plantations, Petersburg National Battlefield Cover: Appomattox Manor at City Point, Virginia
National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Petersburg National Battlefield Petersburg, Virginia Slavery and the Underground Railroad at the Eppes Plantations, Petersburg National Battlefield Cover: Appomattox Manor at City Point, Virginia. Photo courtesy National Park Service. SLAVERY AND THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD At the Eppes Plantations Petersburg National Battlefield Special History Study by Marie Tyler-McGraw Prepared for Organization of American Historians Under cooperative agreement with Northeast Region National Park Service U. S. Department of the Interior Printed December 2005 Contents Acknowledgements 10 Executive Summary Research Methods and Summary of Findings 11 Chapter 1 Frontiers and Boundaries (1640s – 1765) 15 Landscape and settlement on the James River and Appomattox colonial frontier. Origins of slavery and early resistance Chapter 2 Revolutions (1765 – 1816) 20 Revolutions in Agricultural Production, Government, Religious Practice and Belief in Eastern Virginia Escape to the British and service in the Continental Armies during the Revolution Slavery in early Federal Virginia Chapter 3 The Great Divide (1816 – 1844) 26 East Virginia slavery, fugitives and free blacks in the national political divisions over slavery Chapter 4 Calculating the Costs (1848 – 1862) 31 Leaving and staying in the age of sectional hostility Shrinking distances and a nearby Underground Railroad Daily life on the late antebellum Eppes plantations Chapter 5 Contraband: Escape During the Civil War (1861 – 1867) 42 Escape and return in the Civil War era Chapter 6 The Underground Railroad in Petersburg 46 In the region of the Eppes plantations Footnotes 57 Appendices I. Richard Eppes’s Code of Laws for the Island Plantation 66 II. Enslaved Families on the Eppes Plantations 70 III. -
Can Two Walk Together Unless They Be Agreed?" the Origins of the Primitive Baptists, 1800-1840
"CAN TWO WALK TOGETHER UNLESS THEY BE AGREED'' THE ORIGINS OF THE PRIMITIVE BAPTISTS, 1800-1840 By JAMES R MATHIS A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 1997 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This dissertation, by any human standard, should never have been completed. It has survived personal difficulties which necessitated my getting a job, cutting severely into the amount of time I was able to spend in research and writing. It has survived a fire which led to a hard drive crash and necessitated a slow process of reconstructing notes and drafts which added about six to nine months of work to the project. It survived bouts of despair, depression, and disillusionment, a pervasive sense that it was never going to be finished. But here it is—late, but finished. I have accumulated innumerable debts I will never be able to repay. I would like to thank, first, my father, James D. Mathis, who did not live to see his son earn first a master's and then a doctorate degree. He introduced me to libraries and the wonders contained in their shelves at an early age. He passed onto me a thirst for knowledge and love of writing which sustained me through many hours trying to piece one fi-agment after another together into something resembling coherence. My mother, Oleta O. Mathis, carefiilly avoided the topic of the dissertation during the time when I had not been near the computer in months. -
Black Cosmopolitans
BLACK COSMOPOLITANS BLACK COSMOPOLITANS Race, Religion, and Republicanism in an Age of Revolution Christine Levecq university of virginia press Charlottesville and London University of Virginia Press © 2019 by the Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America on acid- free paper First published 2019 ISBN 978-0-8139-4218-6 (cloth) ISBN 978-0-8139-4219-3 (e-book) 1 3 5 7 9 8 6 4 2 Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data is available for this title. Cover art: Jean-Baptiste Belley. Portrait by Anne Louis Girodet de Roussy- Trioson, 1797, oil on canvas. (Château de Versailles, France) To Steve and Angie CONTENTS Acknowledgments ix Introduction 1 1. Jacobus Capitein and the Radical Possibilities of Calvinism 19 2. Jean- Baptiste Belley and French Republicanism 75 3. John Marrant: From Methodism to Freemasonry 160 Notes 237 Works Cited 263 Index 281 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This book has been ten years in the making. One reason is that I wanted to explore the African diaspora more broadly than I had before, and my knowledge of English, French, and Dutch naturally led me to expand my research to several national contexts. Another is that I wanted this project to be interdisciplinary, combining history and biography with textual criticism. It has been an amazing journey, which was made pos- sible by the many excellent scholars this book relies on. Part of the pleasure in writing this book came from the people and institutions that provided access to both the primary and the second- ary material. -
The Birth of a Nation : How a Legendary Director and A
5>.. K' •.— •*-,X DICK LEHR $26.99/$30.oo can “By telling the story of the sweeping and headline-making cultural clash between filmmaker D. W. Griffith and brave newspaperman Monroe Trotter—and telling it with brio and panache—the gifted Dick Lehr should be highly commended. This book is both timely and important.” —WIL HAYGOOD, author of In Black and White: The Life of Sammy Davis, Jr. IN 1915, TWO MEN—ONE A JOURNALIST AGITATOR, the other a technically brilliant filmmaker—incited a public confrontation that roiled America, pitting black against white, Hollywood against Boston, and free speech against civil rights. Monroe Trotter and D. W. Griffith were fighting over a film that dramatized the Civil War and Reconstruction in a post-Confederate South. Almost fifty years earlier, Monroe’s father, James, was a sergeant in an all-black Union regiment that marched into Charleston, South Carolina, just as the Kentucky cavalry—including Roaring Jack Griffith, D. W.’s father—^fled for their lives. Griffith’s film. The Birth of a Nation, included actors in blackface, heroic portraits of Knights of the Ku Klux Klan, and a depiction of Lincoln’s assassination. Freed slaves were portrayed as villainous, vengeful, slovenly, and dangerous to the sanctity of American values. It was tremendously successful, eventually seen by 25 million Americans. But violent protests against the film flared up across the country. Monroe Trotter’s titanic crusade to have the film censored became a blueprint for dissent during the 1950s and 1960s. This is the fiery story of a revolutionary moment for mass media and the nascent civil rights movement, and the men clashing over the cultural and political soul of a still-young America standing at the cusp of its greatest days. -
Martin Luther King Jr
Martin Luther King Jr. Martin Luther King Jr. (born Michael King Jr.; January 15, 1929 – April 4, 1968) was an American Baptist minister and activist who The Reverend became the most visible spokesperson and leader in the American civil rights movement from 1955 until his assassination in 1968. King Martin Luther King Jr. advanced civil rights through nonviolence and civil disobedience, inspired by his Christian beliefs and the nonviolent activism of Mahatma Gandhi. He was the son of early civil rights activist Martin Luther King Sr. King participated in and led marches for blacks' right to vote, desegregation, labor rights, and other basic civil rights.[1] King led the 1955 Montgomery bus boycott and later became the first president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). As president of the SCLC, he led the unsuccessful Albany Movement in Albany, Georgia, and helped organize some of the nonviolent 1963 protests in Birmingham, Alabama. King helped organize the 1963 March on Washington, where he delivered his famous "I Have a Dream" speech on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial. The SCLC put into practice the tactics of nonviolent protest with some success by strategically choosing the methods and places in which protests were carried out. There were several dramatic stand-offs with segregationist authorities, who sometimes turned violent.[2] FBI King in 1964 Director J. Edgar Hoover considered King a radical and made him an 1st President of the Southern Christian object of the FBI's COINTELPRO from 1963, forward. FBI agents investigated him for possible communist ties, recorded his extramarital Leadership Conference affairs and reported on them to government officials, and, in 1964, In office mailed King a threatening anonymous letter, which he interpreted as an attempt to make him commit suicide.[3] January 10, 1957 – April 4, 1968 On October 14, 1964, King won the Nobel Peace Prize for combating Preceded by Position established racial inequality through nonviolent resistance. -
Natural Rights, Natural Religion, and the Origins of the Free Exercise Clause
ARTICLES REASON AND CONVICTION: NATURAL RIGHTS, NATURAL RELIGION, AND THE ORIGINS OF THE FREE EXERCISE CLAUSE Steven J. Heyman* ABSTRACT One of the most intense debates in contemporary America involves conflicts between religious liberty and other key values like civil rights. To shed light on such problems, courts and scholars often look to the historical background of the Free Exercise Clause of the First Amendment. But that inquiry turns out to be no less controversial. In recent years, a growing number of scholars have challenged the traditional account that focuses on the roles of Thomas Jefferson and James Madison in the movement to protect religious liberty in late eighteenth-century America. These scholars emphasize that most of the political energy behind the movement came from Evangelical Christians. On this revisionist account, we should not understand the Free Exercise Clause and corresponding state provisions in terms of the Enlightenment views of Jefferson and Madison, which these scholars characterize as secular, rationalist, and skeptical—if not hostile—toward religion. Instead, those protections were adopted for essentially religious reasons: to protect the liberty of individuals to respond to God’s will and to allow the church to carry out its mission to spread the Gospel. This Article offers a different understanding of the intellectual foundations of the Free Exercise Clause. The most basic view that supported religious liberty was neither secular rationalism nor Christian Evangelicalism but what contemporaries called natural religion. This view held that human beings were capable of using reason to discern the basic principles of religion, including the duties they owed to God and one another. -
Charter of Brown University.Pdf
03/25/2015 on Library Circuit First by Viewed Last THE CHARTER BROWN UNIVERSITY OF THE CHARTER OF BROWN UNIVERSITY WITH AMENDMENTS AND NOTES 03/25/2015 on Library Circuit First by Viewed Last PROVIDENCE PUBLISHED BY THE UNIVERSITY 03/25/2015 on Library Circuit First by Viewed Last AKERMAN-STANDARD PRESS PROVIDENCE, R.I. PREFACE The fi ve offi cial copies of the Charter are described in Appendix 1. No two are exactly alike. There are inconsistencies in punctuation, capitalization, and spelling within and between them. Great liberties in revision were taken in the early printed editions listed in Appendix II. Since the Charter is now being reprinted primarily for purposes of use, it has been further modernized and made uniform in these respects. There are also minor textual differences between the offi cial copies. The letters inserted in the body of the Charter refer to notes in Appendix III explaining the variations. Because later editions adopted the revisions of the Secretary of the Colony (Appendix I, item 2), the present printing follows that form (except in four instances — notes 1 , m, ii, and kk)03/25/2015 rather than the original Act (Appendix I, item 1). Three errors in printing repeated in recent on editions of the Charter are indicated in notes f, aa, and cc. The sections of the Charter governing current procedures appear in bold face type to distinguish them from those of a historical nature. A line has been Library drawn through the words no longer in force due to the amendments adopted in 1863, 1926, and 1942, which are printed in full following the Charter. -
REVIEWS Ministering Angels: a Study of Nineteenth Century Evangelical Writing for Children by Margaret Nancy Cutt
184 THE BAPTIST QUARTERLY 8 The "brief correspondence" reproduced here has now b~en deposited in the Angus Library. G. G. NICOL REVIEWS Ministering AngeLs: A study of Nineteenth Century EvangeLicaL Writing for ChiLdren by Margaret Nancy Cutt. Five Owls Press. 1979. pp.220 plus plates. £9.50. Ford K. Brown in his book Fathers of the Victorians wrote scathingly of the evangelical tract-tale: whatever merit it had had in the days of Mrs Trimmer and Hannah More, it under went at the hands of the Rev. Carus Wilson and others in the l830s a process of morbid introversion and ugly fana.ticisation which earned the contempt of educated Victorian opinion. Mrs cutt who has already made an important and revealing study of Mrs Sherwood, authoress of LittLe Henry and his Bearer, now throws down another challenge to the Brown thesis with an ac count of four female Victorian tract-tale writers, Maria Charlesworth, writing very much in the Hannah More tradition, Charlotte Tucker, a far more vigorous and lively authoress, Hesba Stretton of "Jessica's First Prayer" fame, and a critic of social injustice, and Mrs "Walton ("A Peep Behind the Scenes ") who lived on till 1939, yet who reverted in some ways to the original pre-Victorian insights. Mrs Cutt's vindication of these authors and their work is well-balanced and convincing. She shows how according to the tastes of the day, particularly its guilt complexes, the tract tale's sentiment and pathos must have had a far greater impact than a modern reader can appreciate, how it was one of the sev eral influences which made mass literacy and the 1870 Education Act possible, how, as "Christ's poor" became "society·' spoor" and "march of mind" took over from the quest for personal re demption, the tracts were caught up in the general secularising trend, with collective substituted for individual guilt, and an aura of "social purpose" pervading the whole. -
Front Matter: Trotter Review, Vol. 10, Issue 2
Trotter Review Volume 10 Issue 2 The Black Church: Facing and Responding to Article 1 Social, Economic, and Political Challenges 6-21-1997 Front Matter: Trotter Review, Vol. 10, Issue 2 Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.umb.edu/trotter_review Recommended Citation (1996) "Front Matter: Trotter Review, Vol. 10, Issue 2," Trotter Review: Vol. 10: Iss. 2, Article 1. Available at: http://scholarworks.umb.edu/trotter_review/vol10/iss2/1 This Front Matter is brought to you for free and open access by the William Monroe Trotter Institute at ScholarWorks at UMass Boston. It has been accepted for inclusion in Trotter Review by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at UMass Boston. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Trotter review. v. 10, no. 2 (1997 Spring) Periodicals E 1 85.86 .T77 EUW2K2* TROTTER REVIEW Spring 1997 The Black Church: Facing and Responding to Social, Economic, and Political Challenges Volume 10, Number 2 Spring 1997 INSIDE • 3 Introduction James Jennings Trotter Review • 5 The Church and Negro Progress George E. Haynes Editor James Jennings • 10 Black Church Politics and the Million Man March Associate Director William E. Nelson, Jr. Harold Horton • 15 Religious Institutions and Black Political Activism Frederick C. Harris •18 The Black Church: The 'Cocoon' for the Black 'Butterfly' and the African-American Music Idiom Hubert Walters •22 Burning Hate: The Torching of Black Churches Salim Muwakkil •25 A Time to Question: The Role of the Black Church in British Society Paul Grant •27 Public Sector and Black Church Partnerships: A New Public Policy Tool Marjorie B. -
Let Freedom Sing! Four African-American Concert Singers in Nineteenth-Century America
LET FREEDOM SING! FOUR AFRICAN-AMERICAN CONCERT SINGERS IN NINETEENTH-CENTURY AMERICA By SONYA R. GABLE-WILSON A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2005 Copyright 2005 by Sonya R. Gable-Wilson ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Special thanks are given to my husband, Ken Wilson. Without his never-ending love, support (both mentally and financially), encouragement, and many, many sacrifices, I could not have persevered and completed this project. Throughout this task I also had the joy of working with a great committee: Elizabeth Graham, Raymond Chobaz, Arthur Jennings, Brian Ward, and David Kushner. This group gave frequent advice, new ideas, and often steered me toward a more objective direction. I am especially grateful to David Kushner, not only for his wisdom, guidance, patience, and many chats over the past several years, but also for instilling in so many students a love of musicology. Most of all, many thanks go to all of these people for believing in my success. This project would not have existed without the assistance of many individuals in various public libraries, city halls, and universities nationwide, who contributed their time and efforts in helping with this research. Special thanks are given to the University of Florida music librarians, Robena Cornwell and Michelle Wilbanks-Fox, for their knowledge and continued support over the years. Without these ladies, this huge task would have been impossible. Also, recognition and appreciation should be given to Luvada Harrison and Linda Thompson Williams for taking the time to answer questions concerning the industry. -
Race, Party, and African American Politics, in Boston, Massachusetts, 1864-1903
Not as Supplicants, but as Citizens: Race, Party, and African American Politics, in Boston, Massachusetts, 1864-1903 by Millington William Bergeson-Lockwood A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (History) in the University of Michigan 2011 Doctoral Committee: Associate Professor Martha S. Jones, Chair Professor Kevin K. Gaines Professor William J. Novak Professor Emeritus J. Mills Thornton III Associate Professor Matthew J. Countryman Copyright Millington William Bergeson-Lockwood 2011 Acknowledgements Writing a dissertation is sometimes a frustratingly solitary experience, and this dissertation would never have been completed without the assistance and support of many mentors, colleagues, and friends. Central to this project has been the support, encouragement, and critical review by my dissertation committee. This project is all the more rich because of their encouragement and feedback; any errors are entirely my own. J. Mills Thornton was one of the first professors I worked with when I began graduate school and he continues to make important contributions to my intellectual growth. His expertise in political history and his critical eye for detail have challenged me to be a better writer and historian. Kevin Gaines‘s support and encouragement during this project, coupled with his insights about African American politics, have been of great benefit. His push for me to think critically about the goals and outcomes of black political activism continues to shape my thinking. Matthew Countryman‘s work on African American politics in northern cities was an inspiration for this project and provided me with a significant lens through which to reexamine nineteenth-century black life and politics.