C. Douglas Weaver Academic Experience Education
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Separation of Church and State: a Diffusion of Reason and Religion
East Tennessee State University Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University Electronic Theses and Dissertations Student Works 8-2006 Separation of Church and State: A Diffusion of Reason and Religion. Patricia Annettee Greenlee East Tennessee State University Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.etsu.edu/etd Part of the Political History Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Greenlee, Patricia Annettee, "Separation of Church and State: A Diffusion of Reason and Religion." (2006). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 2237. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2237 This Thesis - Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Works at Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Separation of Church and State: A Diffusion of Reason and Religion _________________ A thesis presented to the faculty of the Department of History East Tennessee State University __________________ In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts in History _________________ by Patricia A. Greenlee August, 2006 _________________ Dr. Dale Schmitt, Chair Dr. Elwood Watson Dr. William Burgess Jr. Keywords: Separation of Church and State, Religious Freedom, Enlightenment ABSTRACT Separation of Church and State: A Diffusion of Reason and Religion by Patricia A.Greenlee The evolution of America’s religious liberty was birthed by a separate church and state. As America strides into the twenty first century the origin of separation of church and state continues to be a heated topic of debate. -
A Constitutional Right of Religious Exemption: an Historical Perspective
Columbia Law School Scholarship Archive Faculty Scholarship Faculty Publications 1992 A Constitutional Right of Religious Exemption: An Historical Perspective Philip A. Hamburger Columbia Law School, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.columbia.edu/faculty_scholarship Part of the Constitutional Law Commons, Criminal Law Commons, Family Law Commons, First Amendment Commons, Housing Law Commons, Human Rights Law Commons, Labor and Employment Law Commons, Land Use Law Commons, Law and Politics Commons, Law and Society Commons, and the Property Law and Real Estate Commons Recommended Citation Philip A. Hamburger, A Constitutional Right of Religious Exemption: An Historical Perspective, GEO. WASH. L. REV. (1992). Available at: https://scholarship.law.columbia.edu/faculty_scholarship/2766 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Publications at Scholarship Archive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Scholarship by an authorized administrator of Scholarship Archive. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A Constitutional Right of Religious Exemption: An Historical Perspective Philip A. Hamburger* Did late eighteenth-century Americans understand the Free Exer- cise Clause of the United States Constitution to provide individuals a right of exemption from civil laws to which they had religious ob- jections? Claims of exemption based on the Free Exercise Clause have prompted some of the Supreme Court's most prominent free exercise decisions, and therefore this historical inquiry about a right of exemption may have implications for our constitutional jurispru- dence.' Even if the Court does not adopt late eighteenth-century ideas about the free exercise of religion, we may, nonetheless, find that the history of such ideas can contribute to our contemporary analysis. -
'Enthusiasm for Liberty': the Great Awakening As the Key to the Revolution
'Enthusiasm for Liberty': The Great Awakening as the Key to the Revolution WILLIAM G. McLOUGHLIN J.HERE ARE VERY Severe challenges facing the historian who tries to deal with the question of religion and the Revo- lution. In the first place most contemporary accounts state emphatically that during the Revolution the people were so busy fighting for independence and survival that the churches were almost deserted. In the second place the literature ofthe Revolutionary Era is concerned almost entirely with ques- tions of politics. In the third place most of the prominent leaders of the new nation, the so-called Founding Fathers, were not very religious men, at least in the sense of being devout or orthodox believers in Christianity. One can, of course, talk about the importance of freedom of conscience as one ofthe inalienable rights of man or about the separation of church and state, but these did not loom very large among the causes of the Revolution since neither king nor Parliament took much interest in them. It would be hard work to prove that the remote possibility of sending a bishop to head the Anglican churches in America was a central issue in the decision of the colonists to seek independence. No one doubts that the Americans were basically a very religious people. The First Great Awakening in the 1730s This paper was read May 3, 1977, at the Worcester Art Museum as one of a series of public lectures held in conjunction with the American Antiquarian Society exhibition 'Wellsprings of a Nation: America before 1801.' The exhibition and lectures were made possible by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities. -
Essential Rights and Liberties of Religion in the American Constitutional Experiment John Witte Jr
Notre Dame Law Review Volume 71 | Issue 3 Article 2 6-1-1999 Essential Rights and Liberties of Religion in the American Constitutional Experiment John Witte Jr. Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.law.nd.edu/ndlr Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation John Witte Jr., Essential Rights and Liberties of Religion in the American Constitutional Experiment, 71 Notre Dame L. Rev. 271 (1996). Available at: http://scholarship.law.nd.edu/ndlr/vol71/iss3/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by NDLScholarship. It has been accepted for inclusion in Notre Dame Law Review by an authorized administrator of NDLScholarship. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ARTICLES The Essential Rights and Liberties of Religion in the American Constitutional Experiment John Witte, Jr.* INTRODUCTION ...................................................... 372 I. THE "GENESIS" OF THE AMERcAN EXPERIMENT ................ 376 A. Four Views of Religious Rights and Liberties in the Later Eighteenth Century ........................................ 377 1. Puritan Views ........................................ 378 2. Evangelical Views .................................... 381 3. Enlightenment Views ................................ 383 4. Civic Republican Views .............................. 385 B. The Essential Rights and Liberties of Religion ................ 388 1. Liberty of Conscience ............................... 389 2. Free Exercise ........................................ 394 3. Pluralism ........................................... -
2018 Annual Report 11 the American Baptist Churches
2018 ANNUAL REPORT 11 THE AMERICAN BAPTIST CHURCHES OF MASSACHUSETTS MAIL 189 Prescott Street, Groton, MA 01450 PHONE 978-448-1445 FAX 978-448-0025 EMAIL [email protected] URL www.tabcom.org1 OFFICERS & LEADERSHIP 21 EXECUTIVE MINISTER’S REPORT 22 PRESIDENT’S REFLECTION 24 ADMINISTRATION & FINANCE 25 2018 FINANCIAL REPORTS 26 GROTONWOOD 26 OCEANWOOD 30 TABCOM CORE 34 FRIENDS OF REGIONAL MINISTRIES 36 GEORGE WRIGHT FUND 36 MA AMERICAN BAPTIST INVESTMENT TRUST 37 AREA MINISTRY SERVICES 38 ADONIRAM JUDSON ASSOCIATION 40 BERKSHIRE ASSOCIATION 40 BOSTON SOUTH WEST ASSOCIATION 41 CENTRAL MA ASSOCIATION 43 MERRIMACK VALLEY ASSOCIATION 44 OLD COLONY ASSOCIATION 45 PIONEER VALLEY ASSOCIATION 47 SAMUEL STILLMAN ASSOCIATION 48 HAITIAN LIAISON 49 HISPANIC LIAISON 49 NATIVE AMERICAN LIAISON 50 PORTUGUESE SPEAKING LIAISON 51 SOCIAL MEDIA COORDINATOR 52 DEAF & HARD OF HEARING MINITRY 53 DIRECTOR OF MISSIONS 53 ELDER MINISTRY 54 SCHOOL OF MINISTRY 55 BY-LAWS TASK FORCE 55 TABCOM REGIONAL CONTACTS 56 PARTNER ORGANIZATIONS AND FRIENDS 57 2018 ANNUAL REPORT 22 THE AMERICAN BAPTIST CHURCHES OF MASSACHUSETTS MAIL 189 Prescott Street, Groton, MA 01450 PHONE 978-448-1445 FAX 978-448-0025 EMAIL [email protected] URL www.tabcom.org2 OFFICERS Executive Minister: Rev. Mary Miller President: Rev. Gary Ludwig Vice President: Paul Moore Treasurer: Weimin Feng Clerk: Barbara Drauschke Immediate Past President: Annette Thomas BOARD OF DIRECTORS Elected Representatives Nominated by Ethnic Communities Rev. Atula Jamir ~ Lowell, Calvary Baptist Hispanic Ministries Representative Richard Lynch ~ Boston, Tremont Temple Rev. Jackson Oliveira ~ Portuguese Speaking Ministries Jessica Merrill ~ South Hadley, Second Baptist Representative Pearl Morrison ~ Boston, People’s Baptist Rev. -
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ARTICLE CHURCH TAXES AND THE ORIGINAL UNDERSTANDING OF THE ESTABLISHMENT CLAUSE MARK STORSLEE† Since the Supreme Court’s decision in Everson v. Board of Education, it has been widely assumed that the Establishment Clause forbids government from ‘aiding’ or subsidizing religious activity, especially religious schools. This Article suggests that this reading of the Establishment Clause rests on a misunderstanding of Founding-era history, especially the history surrounding church taxes. Contrary to popular belief, the decisive argument against those taxes was not an unqualified assertion that subsidizing religion was prohibited. Rather, the crucial argument was that church taxes were a coerced religious observance: a government-mandated sacrifice to God, a tithe. Understanding that argument helps to explain a striking fact about the Founding era that the no-aid theory has largely ignored—the pervasive funding of religious schools by both the federal government and the recently disestablished states. But it also has important implications for modern law. Most significantly, it suggests that where a funding program serves a public good and does not treat the religious aspect of a beneficiary’s conduct as a basis for funding, it is not an establishment of religion. † Assistant Professor, Penn State Law School; McDonald Distinguished Fellow, Emory University School of Law. Thanks to Gary Adler, Larry Backer, Stephanie Barclay, Thomas Berg, Nathan Chapman, Donald Drakeman, Carl Esbeck, Steven Green, Philip Hamburger, Benjamin Johnson, Elizabeth Katz, Douglas Laycock, Ira Lupu, Jason Mazzone, Michael McConnell, Eugene Volokh, Lael Weinberger, and John Witte, Jr. for valuable conversations and criticisms. Thanks to the McDonald Fellows at Emory Law School and the Constitutional Law Colloquium at the University of Illinois School of Law for helpful workshops, and to Daniel Dicce and Diego Garcia for excellent research assistance. -
Can Two Walk Together Unless They Be Agreed?" the Origins of the Primitive Baptists, 1800-1840
"CAN TWO WALK TOGETHER UNLESS THEY BE AGREED'' THE ORIGINS OF THE PRIMITIVE BAPTISTS, 1800-1840 By JAMES R MATHIS A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 1997 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This dissertation, by any human standard, should never have been completed. It has survived personal difficulties which necessitated my getting a job, cutting severely into the amount of time I was able to spend in research and writing. It has survived a fire which led to a hard drive crash and necessitated a slow process of reconstructing notes and drafts which added about six to nine months of work to the project. It survived bouts of despair, depression, and disillusionment, a pervasive sense that it was never going to be finished. But here it is—late, but finished. I have accumulated innumerable debts I will never be able to repay. I would like to thank, first, my father, James D. Mathis, who did not live to see his son earn first a master's and then a doctorate degree. He introduced me to libraries and the wonders contained in their shelves at an early age. He passed onto me a thirst for knowledge and love of writing which sustained me through many hours trying to piece one fi-agment after another together into something resembling coherence. My mother, Oleta O. Mathis, carefiilly avoided the topic of the dissertation during the time when I had not been near the computer in months. -
Fire from Heaven
Stewart Holloway First Baptist Church Pineville, LA Session 6: The Second Great Awakening #1 The Revival of 1800 • The Revival of 1800 was two-pronged with revivals on the east coast and the frontier. • A series of revivals lasting from 1792-1842. Two Periods: o 1792-1812 (stifled by the War of 1812) o 1822-1842 • More of a grass-roots effort by local pastors • Religious decline after the First Great Awakening: o Design and growing secularism o Spiritual state of colleges o Unitarianism The Revival in the Eastern Church • The churches in the eastern states began witnessing revival in 1791 when local revivals sparked once again among New England Congregationalists. • Since the FGA had been criticized for its negative elements such as fanaticism and delusions, ministers in the east preferred to appeal to the mind instead of the emotions. • Prayer was revisited. o Isaac Backus and Stephen Gano (both Baptist) and a score of other New England ministers issued a circular letter entreating ministers and churches to commit themselves to a concert of prayer for spiritual awakening. It was suggested that people dedicate the first Tuesday in January 1795 to prayer and then once a quarter continue in public prayer until God answered their prayers for spiritual awakening. All the major denominations supported this call to prayer. This great Concert of Prayer in 1795 marked the emergence of the general awakening. • Local revivals continued Revivals in the Colleges • Most of the college revivals took place after the turn of the century. • They were the result of earnest and sincere prayers, not discussions and debates. -
ISRAEL: Faith, Friction and firm Foundations
>> This is the January 2015 issue containing the February Bible Study Lessons BETHLEHEM: Not so little town of great challenges 30 baptiststoday.org ISRAEL: Faith, friction and firm foundations SEE ROCK CITIES: Indeed, these stones can talk 5 WHERE WAS JESUS? Historical evidence vs. holy hype 28 NARRATIVES: Voices from both sides of the Israeli-Palestinian divide 34 MODERN ISRAEL: Politics, peoples and prophesies 36 PILGRIMAGE: Images and reflections from Israel and the West Bank 38 FA TH™ BIBLE STUDIES for adults and youth 17 John D. Pierce Executive Editor [email protected] Julie Steele Chief Operations Officer [email protected] Jackie B. Riley Managing Editor [email protected] PILGRIMAGE: Tony W. Cartledge Contributing Editor IMAGES AND [email protected] REFLECTIONS Bruce T. Gourley Online Editor FROM ISRAEL [email protected] AND THE WEST David Cassady Church Resources Editor BANK [email protected] Terri Byrd Contributing Writer Vickie Frayne Art Director 38 Jannie Lister Customer Service Manager [email protected] Kimberly L. Hovis PERSPECTIVES Marketing Associate [email protected] For good or bad: the witnessing dilemma 9 Gifts to Baptists Today Lex Horton John Pierce Nurturing Faith Resources Manager [email protected] Remembering Isaac Backus and the IN HONOR OF Walker Knight, Publisher Emeritus importance of religious liberty 16 BETTIE CHITTY CHAPPELL Jack U. Harwell, Editor Emeritus Leroy Seat From Catherine Chitty DIRECTORS EMERITI Thomas E. Boland IN HONOR OF R. Kirby Godsey IN THE NEWS Mary Etta Sanders CHARLES AND TONI Nearly one-fourth of American families Winnie V. Williams CLEVENGER turn to church food pantries 10 BOARD OF DIRECTORS From Barry and Amanda Howard Donald L. -
Black Cosmopolitans
BLACK COSMOPOLITANS BLACK COSMOPOLITANS Race, Religion, and Republicanism in an Age of Revolution Christine Levecq university of virginia press Charlottesville and London University of Virginia Press © 2019 by the Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America on acid- free paper First published 2019 ISBN 978-0-8139-4218-6 (cloth) ISBN 978-0-8139-4219-3 (e-book) 1 3 5 7 9 8 6 4 2 Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data is available for this title. Cover art: Jean-Baptiste Belley. Portrait by Anne Louis Girodet de Roussy- Trioson, 1797, oil on canvas. (Château de Versailles, France) To Steve and Angie CONTENTS Acknowledgments ix Introduction 1 1. Jacobus Capitein and the Radical Possibilities of Calvinism 19 2. Jean- Baptiste Belley and French Republicanism 75 3. John Marrant: From Methodism to Freemasonry 160 Notes 237 Works Cited 263 Index 281 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This book has been ten years in the making. One reason is that I wanted to explore the African diaspora more broadly than I had before, and my knowledge of English, French, and Dutch naturally led me to expand my research to several national contexts. Another is that I wanted this project to be interdisciplinary, combining history and biography with textual criticism. It has been an amazing journey, which was made pos- sible by the many excellent scholars this book relies on. Part of the pleasure in writing this book came from the people and institutions that provided access to both the primary and the second- ary material. -
Natural Rights, Natural Religion, and the Origins of the Free Exercise Clause
ARTICLES REASON AND CONVICTION: NATURAL RIGHTS, NATURAL RELIGION, AND THE ORIGINS OF THE FREE EXERCISE CLAUSE Steven J. Heyman* ABSTRACT One of the most intense debates in contemporary America involves conflicts between religious liberty and other key values like civil rights. To shed light on such problems, courts and scholars often look to the historical background of the Free Exercise Clause of the First Amendment. But that inquiry turns out to be no less controversial. In recent years, a growing number of scholars have challenged the traditional account that focuses on the roles of Thomas Jefferson and James Madison in the movement to protect religious liberty in late eighteenth-century America. These scholars emphasize that most of the political energy behind the movement came from Evangelical Christians. On this revisionist account, we should not understand the Free Exercise Clause and corresponding state provisions in terms of the Enlightenment views of Jefferson and Madison, which these scholars characterize as secular, rationalist, and skeptical—if not hostile—toward religion. Instead, those protections were adopted for essentially religious reasons: to protect the liberty of individuals to respond to God’s will and to allow the church to carry out its mission to spread the Gospel. This Article offers a different understanding of the intellectual foundations of the Free Exercise Clause. The most basic view that supported religious liberty was neither secular rationalism nor Christian Evangelicalism but what contemporaries called natural religion. This view held that human beings were capable of using reason to discern the basic principles of religion, including the duties they owed to God and one another. -
Sep–Oct 2013
September/October 2013 • $3.95 FrontLine BRINGING THE TRUTH HOME Should We Legislate Morality? Joel Arnold An Urgent Matter Jonathan Threlfall What Can We Do? Keith Hamblen September/October 2013 | VOLUME 23 | NUMBER 5 Religious Liberty 10 18 8 FEATURES Should We Legislate Morality? Because It Is October—Breast 3 Joel Arnold 22 Cancer Awareness Month Do we try to legislate morality, or do we Marci Baker accept people’s choices as they are? A Calling Is the Best Career Facing Religious Persecution in a 27 Roy A. Barnes 8 Free Country Jason Armstrong DEPARTMENTS Why must citizens of a free country have to fight for a right that their country’s In Loving Memory Constitution guarantees? 5 On the Home Front An Urgent Matter 20 10 Jonathan Threlfall Wit & Wisdom Our gravest danger is that we either discard 25 David Atkinson our beliefs or swap our mission. 26 Alaska Regional Fellowship Prospects for Religious Liberty in the Earl Barnett United States 12 At a Glance David Shumate 28 Learning from a Converted Lesbian Questions we are (or ought to be) asking Layton Talbert A Voice Long Silent Speaks for Today Newsworthy 17 Brian Collins 31 Robert Condict The original idea of separation of church and state was to bar the state from meddling in Deployment the church, not the converse. 36 Michael D. Sproul What Can We Do? Getting Back to the Basics, 18 Keith Hamblen 38 Part 1 As believers feel increasingly marginalized Jerry Sivnksty in our secular culture, it’s tempting to simply withdraw. We would like to thank Dr.