DOCSLIB.ORG

THE COMMITTEEMEN of NORFOLK and BEDFORDSHIRE by TOLL IAM STANLEY MARTIN B.A., University of Cambridge, 1970 a THESIS SUBMITTED I

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
THE COMMITTEEMEN of NORFOLK and BEDFORDSHIRE by TOLL IAM STANLEY MARTIN B.A., University of Cambridge, 1970 a THESIS SUBMITTED I THE COMMITTEEMEN OF NORFOLK AND BEDFORDSHIRE 1642-1660 by TOLL IAM STANLEY MARTIN B.A., University of Cambridge, 1970 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS in ... The Department of HISTORY We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standard THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA April 1976 (c) William Stanley Martin, 1976 In presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of British Columbia, I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for reference and study. I further agree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the Head of my Department or by his representatives. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Department of History The University of British Columbia 2075 Wesbrook Place Vancouver, Canada V6T 1W5 Date 29 April 1976 - ii - ABSTRACT This study of Norfolk and Bedfordshire in the civil war and Interregnum was based on an analysis of the membership of the various committees appointed for the counties between December 1642 and March 1660. The members of the committees were divided into groups for analysis according to the dates of their first and last appointments. The gentry of Norfolk and Bedfordshire, which were both Parliamentarian counties, filled the committees of the 1640s, as they had the commissions of the peace in the 1630s. After the execution of the King in January'' 1649, the membership of the Bedfordshire committees was drastically changed by the loss of almost all the gentry members, while the Norfolk committees remained largely unchanged until I65I-I652. The difference between the counties was traced to the displacement of the secluded MPs- from the committees; the probably voluntary withdrawal of the Bedfordshire gentry; the weaker and more fluid gentry community and the greater penetration of radical political and religious ideas in Bedfordshire. Throughout the 1650s, Bedfordshire was administered by people new to county office, of lower social rank and more radical opinions than their gentry predecessors• Similar new people became important in Norfolk after I65I, but they did not replace the gentry, who retained their role and influence. In late 1659 and early 1660, the gentry in both counties returned to sole control of local government, dis• placing the new officials of the 1650s. A similar pattern in the type of committeemen was observed in both counties: the committeemen appointed before 1649 and in 1660 were of the same social rank as those holding county office before 1640, but the committeemen appointed for the first time I649-I656 were of markedly lower social origins. It was noted that in Bedfordshire, and to - iii - a much lesser extent in Norfolk, these new officials of the 1650s proved a viable alternative administration to the traditional gentry elite. - iv - CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT . ii LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES ',' ; .' v ABBREVIATIONS vi CHAPTER = 1. THE COMMITTEES AND THEIR MEMBERSHIP 1 2. THE ORIGINAL COMMITTEEMEN, 1642-1648 20 :. 3. THE CHANGE IN MEMBERSHIP, l649"l652 72 4. THE FAILURE OF THE RADICAL EXPERIMENTS, I653-I658 Ill 5. THE RESTORATION OF TRADITIONAL RULE, I659-I66O 136 CONCLUSION 148 BIBLIOGRAPHY 154 APPENDTX 1. Committee Lists • • . • • 1 164 2. The Service of Committeemen 1642-1660 166 3. Committeemen: Entries and Exits 178 4. Groups I - IX: Biographical Data 182 - v - LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES Page TABLES Chapter 1: I Groups I - EE 13 Chapter 2: II Status of pre-1649 committeemen 39 III Wealth of pre-1649 committeemen • • 39 Chapter 3: TV The progression from sheriff to mayor in Norwich ..... 92 V Status of committeemen appointed 1649-1656 ........ 97 VI Wealth of committeemen appointed l649_l656 . • 98 Appendix 2: VII The service of Norfolk committeemen, 1642-1660 , , , , , 166 VIII The service of Norwich committeemen, 1642-1660 172 EC The service of Bedfordshire committeemen, 1642-1660 . , 174 Appendix 3s X Norfolk committeemen: entries and exits ........ 179 XI Norwich committeemen: entries and exits 180 XII Bedfordshire committeemen: entries and exits 181 Appendix 4: XIII Groups I-EE, Norfolk: "biographical data 187 XIV Groups I-EE, Norwich: biographical data 188 XV Groups I-EE, Bedfordshire: biographical data 189 FIGURE I The size of assessment committees, 1642-1660 36 NOTE Spelling and punctuation have been modernized, and abbreviations extended, in quotations from contemporary sources. Dates are given in the Old Style, except that the year is taken as beginning 1 January not 25 March. - yi - ABBREVIATIONS API P'.H. Firth and R. S. Rait, eds., Acts and Ordinances of the Interregnum BHRS Bedfordshire Historical Records Society Blomefield F. Blomefield, An Essay Towards a Topographical History of "Norfolk BNQ Bedfordshire Notes and Queries CJ Journals of the House of Commons CSPD Calendar of State Papers. Domestic DNB Dictionary of National Biography EcHR Economic History Review EHR English Historical Review HMC Historical Manuscripts Commission LJ Journals of the House of Lords Luke H. G. Tibbutt, ed., The Letter Books of Sir Samuel Luke, NA Norfolk Archaeology NRS Norfolk Record Society TRHS Transactions of the Royal Historical Society TSP T. Birch, ed., Collection of the State Papers of John Thurloe Venn J. Venn and J. A. Venn, eds., Alumni Cantabrigienses VCH Victoria County History - 1 - CHAPTER ONE THE COMMITTEES AND THEIR MEMBERSHIP No English government in the seventeenth century could have afforded to pay, or would have "been able to supervise effectively, an army of local bureaucrats to administer the laws and execute London's directives in the counties and towns. Such a system would have been in any case at odds with the hierarchical nature of spciety, in which deference was given to the natural superiors in each locality. The seventeenth century's solution was to induce the aristocracy and the gentry to administer their districts them• selves, as an obligation of their rank, repaying them with prestige and power. The structure of offices, described many times, need only be summarized here."'" The county was the basic unit of local administration. Each county had a lord lieutenant, though often two or more counties shared one appointee, who would generally be one of the great peers of the realm, and a member of the Privy Council. He was responsible for the military defence of the county and also, in the last resort, for preserving its internal peace. He was in theory a major link between local and central government, but he was commonly absent from his county for so much of the time that this did not happen in practice, and most of his duties devolved on the deputy lieutenants, who were 3 generally prominent local gentlemen. They organized the county into its muster divisions, and supervised the raising of the trained bands and the much less reliable pressed levies. The justices of the peace, the workhorses of the whole system, carried out the bulk of the general civil and legal duties, and were the Council's most useful agents in the counties. The commission of the peace as a whole met four times a year at the Quarter Sessions, but these - 2 - were not meant to last longer than three days, and normally only met for two, so most of the work had to be done by one or two justices together at monthly divisional meetings. The sheriff, the third of the major county officials, had lost much of his earlier importance, but could still be very influential at election time. The shrievalty underwent an unwelcome resurgence of power in the 1630s when the sheriff, as the collector of the Crown's traditional revenues, was made responsible for assessing and collecting ship money.^ The yeomen filled some of the lesser county offices. Each hundred had its high constable, and each village its petty constable, who bore many of the day-to-day 7 responsibilities for administering the laws. The major offices, deputy lieutenant, sheriff and justice of the peace - the level of county government with which this study is concerned - were the preserve of the county gentry, or, more precisely, of a magisterial class within the gentry class itself. The membership of the commission of the peace was customarily restricted to those gentlemen who could write 'esquire' after their names, so that the minor or parish gentry, those who could only style themselves 'gentleman', were normally excluded from the commission. Social rank and local office were thus directly related. The justice of most senior rank would normally be named the custos rotulorum, and would chair the sessions, if he attended. The most prominent among the gentry could expect to be deputy lieutenants and justices of the quorum. The members of the commissions of the peace were listed in order of seniority. One's position in local government was therefore an expression of one's place in the county hierarchy, and the local gentlemen brought what pressure they could on London to be made deputy lieutenants and justices. Appointment to office meant both confirmation and enhancement of one's position, while loss of office often meant a real loss of prestige and power. The gentry of each - 3 - county were intensely interested in all appointments, wanting to ensure that no one unsuitable should become a justice, and resenting the exclusion of anyone who was qualified."'""'" Any attempt by the central government to change the personnel of local government would have been seen as a challenge to the county hierarchy, an attempt to subvert it. The one exception here was the expensive and burdensome office of sheriff, which most gentlemen tried to avoid if possible, while the government, for its part, was satisfied so long 12 as some member of the magisterial class took it on.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Lady Alice Le Strange 1585
    Lady Alice Le Strange 1586-1656 Lady Alice Le Strange was the wife of Sir Hamon Le Strange of Hunstanton, a Stuart landowner, whose estates were spread across North-West Norfolk and beyond. As well as being a member of the local gentry, Sir Hamon, whose family had held the manor of Hunstanton since the Norman conquest, was also a prominent figure in county politics. He represented the people of Norfolk as a Member of Parliament and like his father before him was Sheriff of Norfolk. Sir Hamon was an ardent supporter of the monarchy and church and openly displayed his Royalist sympathies in a county which had strong Parliamentarian leanings. The principal source of this article is the series of household accounts kept by Alice herself. No letters or personal papers have been found and it seems likely that these were deliberately destroyed, perhaps by Alice herself. But she speaks to us from these meticulously kept accounts. Those who spend some time reading these ledgers begin to feel they know Alice, her likes and dislikes, her character and even her favourite colour. Ketton Cremer calls her “… a woman of unconquerable spirit” and Alfred Kingston speaks of “…a capable woman, whose opinion of men and things, one feels, would have been worth having”. Her husband in his will in 1652 spoke of her thus: - “I thank thee [Lord]... abundantly for that comfortable union and blessed harmony which I have for many years enjoyed with that life of my life my dear wife…her ever dear esteem of my life and person and her most pious and painful care in the education of my children… and her ever incessant industry in straynes of knowledge above her sex”.
    [Show full text]
  • Oliver Cromwell
    Oliver Cromwell By Samuel Rawson Gardiner OLIVER CROMWELL. CHAPTER I. KING AND PARLIAMENT. Oliver Cromwell, the future Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, was born at Huntingdon on April 25, 1599, receiving his baptismal name from his uncle, Sir Oliver Cromwell of Hinchingbrooke, a mansion hard by the little town. It was at Huntingdon that the father of the infant, Robert Cromwell, had established himself, farming lands and perhaps also adding to his income by the profits of a brewhouse managed by his wife, Elizabeth—a descendant of a middle-class Norfolk family of Steward—originally Styward—which, whatever writers of authority may say, was not in any way connected with the Royal House of Scotland. "I was," said Cromwell in one of his later speeches, "by birth a gentleman, living neither in any considerable height nor yet in obscurity. I have been called to several employments in the nation, and—not to be overtedious—I did endeavour to discharge the duty of an honest man in those services to God and His people's interest, and to the Commonwealth." The open secret of Cromwell's public life is set forth in these words:—his aim being: first, to be himself an honest man; secondly, to serve God and the people of God; and thirdly, to fulfil his duty to the Commonwealth. In this order, and in no other, did his obligations to his fellow-creatures present themselves to his eyes. For the work before him it could not be otherwise than helpful that his position in life brought him into contact with all classes of society.
    [Show full text]
  • A Study in Regicide . an Analysis of the Backgrounds and Opinions of the Twenty-Two Survivors of the '
    A study in regicide; an analysis of the backgrounds and opinions of the twenty- two survivors of the High court of Justice Item Type text; Thesis-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Kalish, Edward Melvyn, 1940- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 27/09/2021 14:22:32 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/318928 A STUDY IN REGICIDE . AN ANALYSIS OF THE BACKGROUNDS AND OPINIONS OF THE TWENTY-TWO SURVIVORS OF THE ' •: ; ■ HIGH COURT OF JUSTICE >' ' . by ' ' ■ Edward Ho Kalish A Thesis Submittedto the Faculty' of 'the DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY ' ' In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of : MASTER OF ARTS .In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 1 9 6 3 STATEMENT:BY AUTHOR / This thesishas been submitted in partial fulfill­ ment of requirements for an advanced degree at The - University of Arizona and is deposited in The University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library« Brief quotations from this thesis are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowedg- ment. of source is madeRequests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department .or the Dean of the Graduate<College-when in their judgment the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholarship«' ' In aliiotdiefV instanceshowever, permission .
    [Show full text]
  • Treason and the State: Law, Politics, and Ideology in the English Civil War D
    This page intentionally left blank Treason and the State This study traces the transition of treason from a personal crime against the monarch to a modern crime against the impersonal state. It consists of four highly detailed case studies of major state treason trials in England beginning with that of Thomas Wentworth, First Earl of Strafford, in the spring of 1641 and ending with that of Charles Stuart, King of England, in January 1649. The book examines how these trials constituted practical contexts in which ideas of statehood and public authority legitimated courses of political action that might ordi- narily be considered unlawful – or at least not within the compass of the foundational statute of 25 Edward III. The ensuing narrative reveals how the events of the 1640s in England challenged existing conceptions of treason as a personal crime against the king, his family and his servants, and pushed the ascendant parliamentarian faction toward embracing an impersonal conception of the state that perceived public authority as completely independent of any individual or group. d. alan orr was educated at Queen’s University at Kingston, the University of Glasgow and the University of Cambridge, where he received his Ph.D. in 1997. He has taught subsequently at Carleton University in Ottawa and Queen’s University at Kingston. Cambridge Studies in Early Modern British History Series editors anthony fletcher Victoria County History, Institute of Historical Research, University of London john guy Professor of Modern History, University of St. Andrews and john morrill Professor of British and Irish History, University of Cambridge, and Vice-Master of Selwyn College This is a series of monographs and studies covering many aspects of the history of the British Isles between the late fifteenth century and the early eighteenth century.
    [Show full text]
  • Lro Nwel 1Ana CROMWELL's DAY the Cromwell Association the Address Delivered by John Wroughton, M.A., at the Annual
    Lro nwel 1ana CROMWELL'S DAY The Cromwell Association The Address delivered by john Wroughton, M.A., at the Annual President: Professor IVAN ROOTS M.A., F .S. A. Commemoration Service, 3 September 1979. Vice-Presidents: THE LORD CARADON OF ST CLEER By the August of 1658 Cromwell, suffering physically from a type Mr MAURICE ASHLEY, C.B.E., B.A., D.Phil. of malaria and mentally from the death of his daughter, was rapidly LADY (DINGLE) FOOT · deteriorating in health. 'I met him riding into Hampton Court Park,' Chairman: Mr TREWIN COPPLESTONE wrote George Fox, 'and I saw aO:d felt a waft of death go forth ag.ainst Council him that he looked like a dead man.' As he lay on his deathbed in Major R. D. BATIOCK, Mr ESM.ONDS. DEBEER, M.A. D.Litt., F.S.A. The Rev. D. A. GREEVES, M.A., Miss J. S. HENDERSON, Whitehall Palace wild storms ravaged the country. He died on . Mr F. E. LEES£, M.A.B.Litt.,. 3 September - the anniversary of his two great victories at Worcester Mr G. G. LILBURN, B.A., Mr H. MACKENZIE. and Dunbar - with these words on his lips: 'My work is done. Yet Mrs K. A. ROBINSON, The Rev. R. S. PAUL, M.A., D.Phil., Mr A. W. SMITH, Mr R. C. SMAIL, M.B.E. Ph.D., God will be with His people.' · Miss J. SOLOMON M.B.E., Mr S. J. P. THOMAS, B.A. I count it a great honour to be invited 321 years later to join fellow Hon.Secretary: Miss H.
    [Show full text]
  • 295 Le Strange V Creamer and Stileman
    1 372 LE STRANGE V CREAMER AND STILEMAN Sir Hamon Le Strange of Hunstanton, co. Norfolk, knt v Robert Creamer of Little Massingham and Robert Stileman of Snettisham, co. Norfolk, gents Michaelmas term, 1638 – June 1640 Name index: Armiger, John, gent Bacon, Robert, mercer Banyard, Edmund, husbandman Bell, Mary Bell, Robert Blackhead, John, scrivener Bramston, John, knight (also Branston) Burnham, Thomas, yeoman Chosell, Thomas, husbandman Clarke, Dr Claxton, Hamon, clerk Clowdeslie, Thomas, gent Cobbe, Edmund, gent (also Cobb) Cobbe, George (also Cobb) Cobbe, Martin, gent (also Cobb) Crampe, Thomas, yeoman Creamer, Bridget (also Cremer) Creamer, Edmund (also Cremer) Creamer, Robert, gent (also Cremer) Crooke, George, knight (also Croke, Crook) Dawney, Thomas, clerk Dixe, Thomas, gent (also Dix) Duck, Arthur, lawyer Eden, Thomas, lawyer Eldgar, John the elder Eldgar, John the younger Garey, Nathaniel, notary public Goldsmith, Robert, miller Gooding, Mr Goodwin, Vincent, clerk Gournay, Edward, esq (also Gurney) Hendry, Thomas Houghton, Robert, esq Hovell, Hugh, gent Hoverson, Roger Howard, Henry, baron Maltravers Howard, Thomas, earl of Arundel and Surrey Jenner, Edmund, yeoman (also Jeynor) Le Strange, Alice, lady (also L’Estrange) Le Strange, Hamon, knight (also L’Estrange) Le Strange, Mary, lady (also L’Estrange) Le Strange, Nicholas, baronet (also L’Estrange) Le Strange, Nicholas, knight (also L’Estrange) 2 Lewin, William, lawyer Lewkenor, Alice Lewkenor, Edward, knight Lownde, Ralph Mileham, Edward, esq Mordaunt, Henry, esq Neve, William,
    [Show full text]
  • A History of the Sugaw Creek Presbyterian Church 65
    THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA AT CHAPEL HILL THE COLLECTION OF NORTH CAROLINIANA C285.09 c.2 This book is due on the last date stamped below unless recalled sooner. It may be renewed only once and must be brought to the North Carolina Collection for renewal. AUG 2 1 100 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2012 with funding from l and Library Services, under the provisions of the Library Services and Technology Act, administered by the State Library of North Carolina, a division of Cultural Resources. http://archive.org/details/historyofsugawcrOOmcge Charlotte, Jforiir (Earolhra by <*tg 1954 COPYRIGHT, MCMLIV, BY SUCAW CREEK PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PRINTED BY RECORD PRINTING CO., ROCK HILL, S. C. ^Bshtcattrm To the members of the Sugaw Creek Congregation, who, because of their faith in God, their love of Christ, and their devotion to His Church, were a source of inspiration to me in the years of my intimate association with them. ®abls of (Eotttatte Foreword iv Preface v Introduction vii I. The Pioneers 1 II. The Church 8 III. Sugar Creek in the Late Colonial and Revolutionary War Periods 21 IV. From the Revolution to the Civil War 45 V. Reconstruction and the First Years of the Twentieth Century 61 VI. The First Three Decades of the Twentieth Century 77 VII. The Era of Sugar Creek's Greatest Growth 86 VIII. The Session and the Discipline 100 IX. The Diaconate and Stewardship A. The Office of Deacon 122 B. The Development of Stewardship 128 X. Other Organizations A.
    [Show full text]
  • Review of Jane Whittle & Elizabeth Griffiths, Consumption and Gender
    Review of Jane Whittle & Elizabeth Griffiths, Consumption and Gender in the Early Seventeenth-Century Household: the World of Alice Le Strange (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2012) Reviewer: William Farrell Birkbeck, University of London IHR Reviews in History, review no. 1358 http://www.history.ac.uk/reviews/review/1358 Where does the history of consumption happen? The answer would be easy for the history of production: the workplace. Historians can use a well-understood taxonomy to organise their research: the farm, the factory, the office and so on. The history of consumption has never had this precision, thanks to the less location-specific nature of consuming. Clothing, for example, acquired its power as a bearer of status and taste, partly because of the variety of situations in which people wore their garments. Similarly, people have eaten food at work or in the street as well as in their kitchens. Studies of consumption have addressed this problem in a number of ways. Some ‘go with the flow’, tracking the items of consumption across a range of situations, to show how meaning and use changes in different context. Others focus on particular sites where important decisions about consumption are made or a high volume of activity takes place. A popular one for historians has been the household. Jane Whittle and Elizabeth Griffiths have written a detailed study of consumption in a single household, that of the Le Stranges, a gentry family in early 17th–century Norfolk. The Le Stranges lived in the parish of Hunstanton on the north-west Norfolk coast and had been associated with the area since the 12th century.
    [Show full text]
  • University of Southampton Research Repository Eprints Soton
    University of Southampton Research Repository ePrints Soton Copyright © and Moral Rights for this thesis are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder/s. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given e.g. AUTHOR (year of submission) "Full thesis title", University of Southampton, name of the University School or Department, PhD Thesis, pagination http://eprints.soton.ac.uk i ii UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON ABSTRACT FACULTY OF LAW, ARTS & SOCIAL SCIENCES SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES Doctor of Philosophy MILITARY INTELLIGENCE OPERATIONS IN THE FIRST ENGLISH CIVIL WAR 1642 – 1646 By John Edward Kirkham Ellis This thesis sets out to correct the current widely held perception that military intelligence operations played a minor part in determining the outcome of the English Civil War. In spite of the warnings of Sir Charles Firth and, more recently, Ronald Hutton, many historical assessments of the role played by intelligence-gathering continue to rely upon the pronouncements made by the great Royalist historian Sir Edward Hyde, earl of Clarendon, in his History of the Rebellion. Yet the overwhelming evidence of the contemporary sources shows clearly that intelligence information did, in fact, play a major part in deciding the outcome of the key battles that determined the outcome of the Civil War itself.
    [Show full text]
  • The Newtons of Lincolnshire
    Durham E-Theses The Social Production of Gentility and Capital in Early Modern England: The Newtons of Lincolnshire. NEWTON, RUSSELL,SCOTT,HENRY How to cite: NEWTON, RUSSELL,SCOTT,HENRY (2017) The Social Production of Gentility and Capital in Early Modern England: The Newtons of Lincolnshire., Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/12108/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk 2 The Social Production of Gentility and Capital in Early Modern England: The Newtons of Lincolnshire. Russell Newton A thesis presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of History University of Durham England September 2016 ABSTRACT The Social Production of Gentility and Capital in Early Modern England: The Newtons of Lincolnshire. Russell Newton This thesis has two principal aims; first, to examine and illuminate the social production of gentility and capital which was experienced by the Newton family between the early part of the seventeenth century and c.1743.
    [Show full text]
  • The Arrest and Trial of Archbishop William Laud
    THE ARREST AND TRIAL OF ARCHBISHOP WILLIAM LAUD By NICHOLAS ROBERT CHARLES FORWARD A thesis submitted to the University of Birmingham For the degree of MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY Department of Modern History School of Historical Studies College of Arts and law University of Birmingham March 2012 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. Archbishop William Laud was arrested on 18 December 1640, and specific treason charges were brought forward early in 1641. However he did not stand trial until 1644. This study aims to assess the charges; consider the reasons for the significant delay between the arrest and trial; review the law of treason pertaining at the time and how this was applied to Laud; analyse the condemnatory and often vindictive views of Laud within the public sphere as reflected in the pamphlets and newsbooks of the period; and assess in detail the trial itself. Along with Thomas Wentworth, earl of Strafford, Laud was a principle counsellor to the king and a major hate figure for parliament who considered the two men responsible for leading the king astray during the period of the personal rule.
    [Show full text]
  • 1St Series, Volume 4
    CONTENTS . VOL . IV . PAGE 1 . Ancient Wills ( No. 5. ) By H. W. KING I Note 24 Corrigendum 24 II . The Descent of the Manor of Horham , and of the Family of Cutts . By H. W. KING 25 An Abstract of the Lord Cutts , his Debts given in by his Majesty's command , Mar 17th , 1698 42 Pedigree of the Family of Cutts v . Cutte of Horham and Arkesden Co. Essex . By G. H. ROGERS - HARRISON , F.S.A. , Windsor Herald 43 III . The Ancestry and Descent of the Rev. Philip Morant , the Essex Historian . By G. H. ROGERS - HARRISON , F.S.A. , Windsor Herald 43 IV . Notice of a Wall Painting lately exposed in West Ham Church , with some Notes on recent alterations effected there . By the Rev. R. H. CLUTTERBUCK 45 V. Report on the Excavation of a Roman House at Colchester . By Josiah PARISH 53 Further Report on ditto 57 Errata to Ancient Wills ... 62 VI . On some of the Artistic Features of the Essex Cottages . By the Rev. E. S. COBRIE 63 VII . Notes of Recent Excavations at Hadleigh Castle . By H. W. KING 70 VIII . A Description of St. John's Church , Clacton Magna . By EDWARD C. HAKEWELL ... 82 IX . Timber Work in Churches ... 89 Antiquities recently discovered in the County 120 X On Old Houses , with reference to some Examples in the Neighbourhood . By the Rev. C. LESINGHAM SMITH , M.A. 121 XI . On the Brass of Sir William Fitz Ralph , c . 1323 , in Peb marsh Church , Esser . By John Piggot , Jun . 132 iv . CONTENTS .
    [Show full text]