HoMMUNC 30
ECW English Civil War: 1642-165
MIRANDA BANNISTER ALEX KARPF CHAIR MODERATOR
HoMMUNC
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Letter from the Secretaries-General 3 Letter from the Chair 4 Committee Background 5 Topic A: The English Civil War 7 Overview of the Topic 7 History 7 Current Situation 12 Possible Solutions 15 Character Profiles 16 Questions to Consider 23 Endnotes 24
Horace Mann Model United Nations Conference !2 HoMMUNC 30 LETTERHoMMUNC FROM THE SECRETARIES-GENERAL
Erica Cantor Alexander O’Neill DEAR DELEGATES, Daniel Rosenblatt Secretaries-General Welcome to Horace Mann’s 30th annual Model United Nations conference, HoMMUNC 30! Since 1985, HoMMUNC has Miranda Bannister engaged the future leaders of the world in a day full of Chair of the Board learning, debate, and compromise. The conference brings Anne Rosenblatt together intellectually curious high school students to Vice-Chair of the Board contemplate and discuss serious global concerns. We are honored to have inherited the responsibility of preparing this Daria Balaeskoul event for the over 1000 students that will participate in Stephanie Fernandez Edith Herwitz HoMMUNC 30. Anne Kuritzkes Russell Mindich Regardless of your age or experience in Model UN, we Adam Shaw challenge you to remain engaged in the discourse of your Senior Board committees and truly involve yourself in the negotiation Daniel Frackman process. Each committee is comprised of an eclectic group of Maya Klaris delegates and will address an important global concern. Take Anaya Kumar-Banerjee this opportunity to delve deep into that problem: educate Noah Shapiro yourself, think innovatively to create the best solutions, and Under-Secretaries- General lead the committee to a resolution that could better the world. Through the platform of Model UN, you will have the chance Zachary Gaynor to gain invaluable skills in leadership, public speaking, and Alexander Karpf writing and will become a more globally-aware person. As a Dahlia Krutkovich Isabella Muti bonus, you will meet like-minded students from around the Henry Shapiro area and create lasting friendships. Conference Coordinators Horace Mann Model United Nations has played an immense role in our lives over the past three years, and it has been our Alex Lein Max Kester pleasure to organize HoMMUNC 30 along with a dedicated Spencer Slagowitz senior and junior staff over the past 6 months. We hope you Senior Crisis Staff have a fun and enriching experience at the conference.
Mitchell Francis Best, Faculty Advisor ERICA CANTOR, ALEXANDER O’NEILL, AND DANIEL ROSENBLATT Secretaries-General HoMMUNC 30 Horace Mann Model United Nations Conference !3 LETTERHoMMUNC FROM THE CHAIR
Erica Cantor Alexander O’Neill DEAR DELEGATES, Daniel Rosenblatt Secretaries-General It is a pleasure to be your chair at Horace Mann’s thirtieth annual Model UN Conference. This year marks my fifth and Miranda Bannister last HoMMUNC, so I look forward to a memorable experience Chair of the Board in the the English Civil War Committee. Having done crisis Anne Rosenblatt committees for most of my Model UN career, I have found Vice-Chair of the Board historical simulations to be particularly fascinating. With any luck, our committee will send us back to one of the most Daria Balaeskoul Stephanie Fernandez exciting time periods in modern European history. Edith Herwitz Anne Kuritzkes The English Civil War promises to offer great crises and rich Russell Mindich debates. It was a complex conflict, which welled from the Adam Shaw intersection of myriad religious and political tensions. So, we Senior Board will endeavor to make every crisis you encounter convey the Daniel Frackman enthralling realities of the time. Consequently, I hope to hear Maya Klaris each and every one of you probing the matters at hand and Anaya Kumar-Banerjee coming up with a fresh way to present your character’s deeper Noah Shapiro motivations and your own smart ways of attacking the agenda. Under-Secertaries General My tips for making the most of HoMMUNC are to read into Zachary Gaynor the history of the English Civil War and to find a passion for Alexander Karpf the material. Get a firm grasp on the timeline of the Civil War, Dahlia Krutkovich the major players, and the themes that appear over and over Isabella Muti again. For example, you should understand the role of Henry Shapiro Conference Puritanism in politics throughout the war. Beyond that initial Coordinators research, examine interesting articles. Enter committee genuinely fascinated with the material. Alex Lein Max Kester Thanks so much! I look forward to meeting you. Spencer Slagowitz Senior Crisis Staff MIRANDA BANNISTER Mitchell Francis Chair, English Civil War Faculty Advisor
Horace Mann Model United Nations Conference !4 C O M M I T T E E government structure over the island. Hence as members of the Long Parliament, BACKGROUND delegates will work to beat back the forces
of the King and his supporters and engage
This committee will simulate a in diplomacy in order to win the civil war. council of important members of England’s In addition, delegates must maintain
Long Parliament, the elected body of one of stability in lands controlled by the two major factions during England’s Parliamentarian forces and device a secure, civil war, from 1642-1651. The Long Republican Governmental structure.
Parliament’s assembly in 1640 by King Delegates should not expect the
Charles I of England ultimately began a Committee to follow the exact events of the period of tension and con lict with the King England’s Civil War, and further research that resulted in the Parliament’s political into the War’s events will not yield helpful separation from Charles I. At the beginning in the committee’s procedure. Instead, the point of time of this committee, the Long War will unfold in a manner directly
Parliament, in direct de iance of the in luenced and dictated by the committee. monarchy, is attempting to wrest singular Hence any further research by individual control over England and assert its own delegates should assess how the
Parliament can effectively use the powers
and tools in its arsenal to regain control
over England.
Delegates will decide on actions for
the entire committee through directives.
Horace Mann Model United Nations Conference !5 These actions must win simply a majority of the committee’s vote and can be introduced by any member. Directives can do whatever the committee has the ability and resources to do. They also need not be formatted in a strict manner. In addition, individual delegates can submit communiqués, individual actions based on the portfolio powers and personal resources of each delegate. These actions can be either con idential or public, and can perform whatever action an individual delegate has the power to execute. They must be submitted to the Chair of the committee and then will be processed by
HoMMUNC’s Crisis Staff. Ultimately, we encourage delegates to be as creative as possible in generating both solutions to problems faced by the entire committee and cunning communiqués.
Horace Mann Model United Nations Conference !6 TOPIC A: THE ENGLISH
CIVIL WAR
Overview of the Topic
The English Civil War, simply put, represented a conflict between England’s royal monarch, King Charles I and its
Parliament. Charles’ perceived support of
Catholics caused many Englishmen, including A Portrait of King Charles I of England decide the structure of England’s government Parliament, to fear that their king wished to and the fate of King Charles I. restore Catholicism as England’s state religion. Moreover, Charles’ attempts to History consolidate power for himself and act without permission from elected officials led to an Charles first ascended to the intractable, violent conflict between him and monarchy in 1625. As his rule progressed,
Parliament. Charles I has gathered his own King Charles I came to be seen as forces in the Northern portion of England, increasingly sympathetic toward Catholics
Parliamentarians, led by England’s and Catholic causes. He first married
Parliament, have consolidated power in Henrietta Maria, the daughter of a French
London. The resolution of this Civil War will king, whose Catholic faith upset many
political members of England. To alleviate Horace Mann Model United Nations Conference !7 worries of his sympathy to Catholics, he Parliament when he needed its decided to send a military force to support the consultation, or could choose to ignore it.
French Huguenots, a group of Protestant Though the king’s incentive to call
French citizens whom the French military had Parliament was the body’s ability to accept or veto tax and custom increases. Without begun to besiege.1 However, Charles Parliament’s support, a king lacked the appointment of the unsuccessful but personal ability to manage or run his kingdom. As a favorite Duke of Buckingham, George result, kings had a inancial, not legal, Villiers, to head the force angered parliament. incentive to convoke Parliament and allow The move caused Parliament to attempt to impeach Villiers as the leader of this force, and in retaliation Charles dissolved
Parliament in 1629, 12 years before the start of this committee, and called for the election of another. Charles accepted the new parliament’s “Petition of Right”, which limited his ability to enforce the mandatory quartering of soldiers and endless taxation, but then chose not to call Parliament again.2
Unlike legislatures of the 21st century, the Parliament of England did meet in an annual or regular schedule.
Instead, a king could choose to call A Portrait of the Impeachment of George Villiers, Duke of Buckingham
Horace Mann Model United Nations Conference !8 members of the gentry, or aristocracy of angered inhabitants of these regions.4 He
England, to elect the House of Commons.3 also ined all aristocrats who failed to
Charles chose not to call his appear at an archaic knighting ritual, and parliament for eleven years, in a period this decision caused many nobles to that became known as the Charles’ become less supportive of Charles. The
Personal Rule. Without Parliament’s king further seized land traditionally support, Charles resorted to shrewd yet owned by the Church of England and sold it unreasonable means of acquiring revenue for his own pro it.5 for the crown. He required inland regions Charles and his main political of England to pay taxes to inance the advisory, William Laud, also attempted to nation’s Navy, or a ship tax, a policy that instill uniformity in England’s courts.
During his reign the Anglican Church
reverted back to some Catholic practices,
such as using altars instead of communion
tables. He also persecuted disobedient
Puritans, a moved perceived by many
Protestants with the purpose to minimize
Protestants’ power. He also changed
traditional protestant rules regarding the
ban on activity on Sundays.6 Most
signi icantly, in 1637 Charles attempted to
impose the Book of Common Prayer, an
English prayer book, on the independent Assessments of Ship Taxes across England, 1636
Horace Mann Model United Nations Conference !9 Church of Scotland. Scottish people revolted and rioted not only in Scotland but also in London. When diplomatic summits between supporters and opponents of this new church policy failed, Charles raised an army to take control of Scotland. The irst
Bishops’ War, in which England’s armies An Illustration of Scottish Riots attempted to invade Scotland, followed.7 summon Parliament in order to raise
After negotiating a temporary truce revenues, through means other than unfair with Scotland, Charles reluctantly recalled taxation, to ight back Scottish rebels.
Parliament in order to raise money for Parliament, due to Charles’ previous another invasion of the region. However, disregard for the body, immediately
Parliament, led by John Pym not only became hostile toward Charles. It irst prevented him from obtaining additional impeached and jailed Laud, Charles’ revenues but agreed to entirely block his premier religious advisor, and other campaign to reclaim Scotland. Hence members of his cabinet. Parliament then
Charles disbanded the parliament and proceeded over a major trial of Thomas illegally invaded Scotland. This time, with Wentworth, the Earl of Stratford and the insuf icient personnel and equipment, the Lord Deputy of Ireland at the time, for monarch’s forces were soundly defeated, conspiring to murder the Irish people. and the Scottish army managed to gain Wentworth was subsequently executed.9 hold of substantial territory in Northern This Parliament, which later became
England.8 Once again Charles chose to known as the Long Parliament due to its
Horace Mann Model United Nations Conference !10 lengthy duration, then moved to drastically against Scottish rebels. However, a failed limit the powers of the king. Its members coup performed by opponents to Charles’ abolished the unpopular forms of taxes religious policies in Scotland diminished
Charles I had instituted and then passed Parliament’s con idence in him and created the Triennial Act, a document that required animosity between the two. Charles still the king to call Parliament to meet at once disdained parliament for passing large every three years. If the king refused to do restrictions on his power, yet Parliament so, Parliament then held the right to meet still feared Charles and his believed desire independently. Finally, Parliament outlined to reinstate Catholicism as England’s state all forms of legal taxes in the Tonnage and religion.11
Poundage Act and chose to fund the Then, fearing a military insurgency quartering of soldiers.10 from England to reinforce Protestantism,
Irish Catholic nobles, joined by Irish
peasants, led a revolt in Ireland against
England. Phelim O’Neill, a member of the
Irish gentry who had taken control of the
city of Newry, forged a letter that claimed
Charles had promised full support of the
new Catholic government. This letter,
although false, generated off rumors and
The Long Parliament fears that Charles intended to reinstitute
12 Charles at irst reached a truce with Catholicism in England.
Parliament, due to his military success
Horace Mann Model United Nations Conference !11 Charles failures to control his experienced the ire of Parliament, who felt kingdoms brought criticism from Charles had done too much to assert his
Parliament, and in November 1641 it singular. This incident ultimately served as outlined a Grand Remonstrance, citing 150 the breaking point in Charles’ relationship speci ic grievances against the king. with Parliament and began the English
Parliament then tried to gain control over Civil War.14 the ability to appoint of icers in England’s army. Charles vetoed this piece of Current Situation legislation in order to increase stability in After failing to arrest leading the region.13 members of the Long Parliament, Charles I
Charles ultimately concluded that led north, to the city of Oxford. Along with
Scotland’s rebellion and strong antagonism his supporters, Charles I has now created toward him in Parliament had stemmed his own government and own court in that from a faction of Puritans in Parliament city. The Royalist faction, headed by who resisted his rule and England’s shift Charles I, still garners substantial support away from Puritan ideals. Charles hence from much of the English populace. For attempted to arrest ive members of one, many English citizens still trust the
Parliament whom he believed had led Stuart royal family, of which Charles I is a these machinations for treason. He chose member, because that royalty up to this to enter the House of Commons, despite point has managed to maintain England’s that English law strictly forbid this move. political autonomy and stability. In
Although Charles failed to catch these addition, many English citizens grow politicians, who had already led, he still increasingly fearful of extreme
Horace Mann Model United Nations Conference !12 Protestantism and the potential of the of now, King Charles controls lands in the
Church of England to become more similar Northern neck of England and in Wales, to more radical faiths, primarily along with the tip of Cornwall.
Puritanism. Hence many ordinary English Parliamentarians, on the other hand, peasants have chosen to support the king.15 control Southern and Southwestern
In August of 1642 (just a few weeks England, including London, where they before the start of this committee), King have concentrated their army.16
Charles I of icially raised his royal However, Charles I has used the standard, or the banners of his Royal army, obsolete Commission of Array, an archaic in the city of Nottingham, North of England. power of English royalty to force freefolk to
join the army, to muster this forces. Some
Englishmen have hence grown somewhat
skeptical of the King’s authority, as this
power dates back to the Middle Ages,
during which nobility would gather forces
to protect pieces of local territory. Charles’
action is also blatantly unconstitutional, as Charles I Raising the Royal Standard, 1642 he did not seek to consult Parliament in The majority of the soldiers who have creating this army.17 joined Charles I so far are cavalrymen, Similarly, Parliament has recently accompanied by a few infantrymen. passed the Militia Ordinance, a piece of However, the armies of King Charles I grow legislation that permits Parliament, larger every day as more individuals join without consulting the monarch, to choose his cause and vow to support the King. As Horace Mann Model United Nations Conference !13 Lieutenants from the English army. forces. The majority of the soldiers
Parliament has used this bill to attempt to recruited so far for the Parliamentarians form and strengthen its own army.18 are ordinary members of England’s middle
The Royalist forces of Charles I also class, who lack the experience of their hold numerous important military assets peers. As a result, the armies of the forces that the Royalists lack. Many notable ighting against the power of the Long
Noblemen, the strongest and most Parliament can be expected to be much experienced soldiers in England, have stronger than those raised by Parliament. chosen to side with the Royalist cause. For Hence the committee should expect the example, Prince Rupert of the Rhine, an initial military superiority of their elite member of the nobility of the Holy opponents and also work to improve its
Roman Empire who has fought previously own military force. In addition, Parliament in the Eighty Years’ War and the Thirty has begun to recruit mercenaries, largely
Years’ war, has been appointed as the commander of the Royalists’ cavalry.19 As of now, the Royalist forces also control the royal navy. These ships may act as a huge boost to the ighting power of Charles’ forces and assert the King’s dominance in the seas.20 England’s Fearsome Royal Navy
On the other hand, the armies of the from Germany and Switzerland, to aid in
Parliamentarians lack the organization and the war against the Royalty. However, professional nature of their opponents’ these soldiers are expensive and cause
Horace Mann Model United Nations Conference !14 unrest among native Englishmen, who armies, so that it might stand a chance distrust these foreigners. 21 against the Royalist cause. Doing so must
involve convincing the English people of
Possible Solutions the validity of the Parliamentarian cause
At the time of the beginning of this and the necessity to join the committee, King Charles I has chosen to Parliamentarian army. march his armies Southwest, toward the Defeating the armies of King Charles cities of Stafford and Shrewsbury. Hence I will require not just a large ighting force, the irst and most immediate concern of but also honed and speci ic battle tactics. this committee is how to halt Charles’ Vague orders to soldiers will do little to march, retain Parliamentarian lands, and direct those soldiers in their continuous then make progress against the King. battles against Charles I and ultimately win
However, the Committee must also more lands. Hence the Long Parliament formulate how to increase the size of its must successfully yet scrupulously divide and guide its armies in order to ensure
victory. Delegates thus must formulate the
battle strategies necessary to win the war.
In addition, the Committee should
seek to win the support from important
English cities and factions. Much of
England, at this early point in the war, still
remains neutral in the con lict between
March of the armies of King Charles I, 1642 Parliament and the King. Hence allying
Horace Mann Model United Nations Conference !15 with certain English towns would alternate system of Republican substantially strengthen the government. As the committee progresses,
Parliamentarian cause. The Committee delegates will design this new government should also engage in support with and ensure its strength. Delegates should
Scottish, Irish, and other European leaders. brainstorm a desirable system of
These negotiations could yield vital aid for government and also who might act as its
Parliament armies, in the form of both leader. manpower and equipment.
Much of the Committee’s activities Character Profiles will inevitably involve attempting to Each member of this Committee will manage England’s various domestic issues. impersonate an important member of
Thus members of the Long Parliament Parliament in 1642. Each member will be must and will work together to solve able to utilize his or her own personal and various diplomatic crises within England. political connections to advance his or her
For example, the concentration of soldiers own agenda. In other words, through the might bring disease to Parliamentarian sending of private crisis notes, each forces, and the pillaging of crops may cause member of committee can employ their famine among the peasant class. The Long resources to do whatever he or she wishes
Parliament will be responsible in to do, whether that be bene it the responding to these events. committee or harm it. Brief biographies of
Finally, the Long Parliament must each member of committee are provided replace England’s monarchy, a system in below.22 place for hundreds of years, with an
Horace Mann Model United Nations Conference !16 Oliver Cromwell: Although Cromwell was start of the Civil War signaled little of the born as a member of the gentry, in 1631 he possibility of his contribution to the sold his properties in his hometown of con lict.
Huntingdon, signifying is step down in society. Cromwell was elected to Simonds d’Ewes: d’Ewes became a certi ied
Parliament for Huntingdon in 1628, and in lawyer in 1623, though the man was much
1640 as a representative of Cambridge. In more interested in antique books and texts. the House of Commons Cromwell joined a IN 1639 d’Ewes was actually chosen irst as group of politicians that attempted to the High Sheriff of Suffolk, the leader of modestly extend the power of Parliament England’s law enforcement. He was and improve religious freedom. However, elected to Parliament in 1640, representing
Cromwell’s accomplishments before the Sudbury. d’Ewes, although having sided
with the Parliamentarians, holds moderate
views. In fact, his younger brother
currently serves as an of icer in the army of
the Charles I.
John Hampden: Hampden irst gained fame
in 1637, when he refused to pay ship taxes
and subsequently was tried in court for his
disobedience. Although he narrowly lost
his case, his iconoclasm galvanized support
for the Parliamentarian movement. Portrait of Oliver Cromwell
Horace Mann Model United Nations Conference !17 Hampden was irst elected in 1621 and Arthur Haselrig: Haselrig was elected to then reelected in 1641 for Parliament only shortly before the
Buckinghamshire. Hampden led the beginning of the war, in 1640, as a movement to refuse funding for Charles’ representative of Leicestershire. He was war against Scotland in the Short also heavily active in Parliament’s
Parliament of 1640. He supported the prosecution of various aides of the King impeachment hearings of Thomas and constituted one of the ive politicians
Wentworth and the Grand Remonstrance, whom Charles I failed to arrest. He is also and was one of the ive politicians whom experienced in raising troops for various
Charles I attempted to arrest. military causes, which will be bene icial for
Parliament.
Sir Robert Harley: Harley has probably held the longest political career of all Denzel Holles: Holles entered Parliament members of Parliament. He irst as a representative of a Cornish town in represented Radnor in 1604 and later 1628. Holles’ disobedience of the Speaker
Herefordshire in 1624. His assistance of of Parliament actually caused him to be
Sir Edward Conway, a Secretary of State, imprisoned and subsequently exiled from caused his appointment to Master of the politics. After this ban was lifted, Holles
Mint until 1635. As a member of the long returned as a representative from
Parliament, he opposed ship taxes and the Dorchester. He oversaw the trial of William war against Scotland. Harley also was a Laud and in fact authored the Great pious Protestant who fervently rejected Remonstrance with John Pym. Holles was
Catholic and Arminian doctrines.
Horace Mann Model United Nations Conference !18 also one of the ive politicians whom
Charles I attempted to arrest.
William Lenthall: Lenthall entered
Parliament in 1640 as a representative of
Woodstock. In fact, Lenthall was chosen by
Charles I to serve as Speaker of the House of Representatives in 1640. At irst,
Lenthall’s sheepish nature prevented him from controlling feisty members of
Parliament, particularly those in William Lenthall opposition to the King. However, Lenthall also involved with politics outside of bravely refused to divulge the location of London, serving as the High Sheriff of the ive members of Parliament whom Bedfordshire, his native town, in 1617. Charles I attempted to arrest. As Speaker, Luke was subsequently reelected to Lenthall will serve an integral role in the Parliament in 1640. Committee.
Samuel Luke: Luke spent much of his youth Sir Oliver Luke: Sir Oliver irst entered travelling abroad, and is thus familiar with Parliament in 1614, as a representative in the lands outside England. He was elected Bedfordshire, and remained in that to Parliament recently, in 1640, position until 1629, at which point King representing Bedford. He has recently Charles I disbanded Parliament. He was become the governor of the Parliamentary
Horace Mann Model United Nations Conference !19 outpost in Buckinghamshire, thus serving force against the French military. He also as a useful sentry for Parliament. His headed the hearings for treason against military knowledge will be vital in the William Laud, and was one of the ive
Committee. politicians whom Charles I attempted to
arrest. John Pym’s numerous connections
Dudley North, 4th Barron North: North is an throughout Parliament will certainly aid experienced soldier, as before his military him in his personal activities. career, he fought in the army of the German state of Palatinate during the Thirty Years’ war and then in the army of Holland. He has also traveled around Europe, including to Spain and Italy. He was elected in 1628 to Parliament for Horsham and reelected in
1640. North is an intellectual, knowledgeable about religion and economics.
John Pym: Pym has served in England’s John Pym
Parliament since 1625 and has acted a prominent critic of the king throughout his Sir Benjamin Rudyerd: Rudyerd irst tenure as a politician. He headed the entered Parliament in 1621, as a movement in 1626 to impeach George representative of Portsmouth, and was
Villiers as the head of Charles’ military subsequently reelected until 1629.
Horace Mann Model United Nations Conference !20 Although Rudyerd acted as a strong ally to counseled John Hampden when Hampden the King at irst, he gradually became more refused to pay ship taxes. He joined critical and disapproving of Charles. Parliament as a representative of Totnes in
Although Rudyerd took a conciliatory 1640 and has acted as both a irm stance at Parliament’s irst convocation in opponent to ship taxes and supporter of
1640, he became more strident at its next the impeachment of Thomas Wentworth. gatherin later in the year. He is also active Sir Oliver is a trained judge and lawyer. in the ield of commerce, having founded the Providence Company in 1630 to engage William Strode: Strode was irst elected to in business in North America. Parliament in 1624, for Bere Alston. Strode
has historically held a passionate distaste
Sir Beauchamp St John: St John joined for Charles I. In fact Strode’s hostility in
Parliament in 1621, also as a member of 1629 against the speaker of Parliament at
Bedfordshire. He served in that position the time, Sir John Finch, caused him to be until 1629, and was reelected in 1640. St brie ly imprisoned. When reelected in
John is a wealthy man, as he inherited, 1640, Strode remained an ardent opponent through his wife Rebecca Hawkins, the of Charles and pursued numerous causes manor of Tilbrook. His brother Alexander to diminish the king’s power. For example, also served in Parliament at the same time, he attempted to expand Parliament’s serving as a useful ally. control over ministerial appointments and
the state’s army. He passionately
Sir Oliver St John: St John irst gained supported the Grand Remonstrance and distinction in 1638, when he defended and the persecution of Thomas Wentworth. He
Horace Mann Model United Nations Conference !21 constituted one of the ive members of negotiating both peace between Holland
Parliament whom Charles failed to arrest in and Spain and a possible alliance with early 1642. Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden. Later, as a
member of the king’s elite Privy Council,
Sir Henry oversaw England’s con lict with
Scotland. Sir Henry is a very frugal man,
and has managed to acquire a great fortune
over his life. Sir Henry’s economic and
diplomatic acumen will serve the
Committee well in its con lict with the king.
Sir Henry Vane the Younger: Vane is indeed
the son of Sir Henry the Elder. He actually
served one term as the governor of the
Sir Henry Vane the Elder Massachusetts Bay colony and then helped Sir Henry Vane the Elder: Vane is perhaps to establish both the Rhode Island colony the most experienced member of the and Harvard College. Upon his return to Committee, as he has served in Parliament England, he became the Treasurer of the at various times since 1614. He was Royal Navy, a position he despised due to elected irst for Lostwithiel, and then for his roll in collecting ship taxes from inland Carlisle. Sir Henry has signi icant regions. After his 1640 election to experience in diplomatic negotiations, as Parliament, as a representative of Hull, he he acted as England’s representative in introduced incriminating evidence at the
Horace Mann Model United Nations Conference !22 trial of Thomas Wentworth, earning the ire 4. How should the Parliament treat of Charles I. Sir Henry also passionately captured or surrendering members opposes the corrupt structure of the of the Royalists?
Church of England. 5. What kind of political structure
must the Long Parliament create to
Questions to Consider create stability within England’s
Delegates to the committee should own government? research the specific solutions laid out above. 6. How should Parliamentarians approach its relations with other Moreover, they should ponder these following English territories, namely Scotland questions when constructing, both before and and Ireland? How should it during committee, specific plans to win this approach diplomacy with other Civil War: European nations? 1. What strategies should the
Parliamentarians employ to defeat
the Royalists in battle and gain
control over all of Americans?
2. How should the Parliamentarians
manage to gather the military force
necessary to defeat Royalists?
3. How can Parliamentarians assure
Englishmen of their authority and
ensure political stability in the
country?
Horace Mann Model United Nations Conference !23 ENDNOTES
1 http://www.historyguide.org/earlymod/lecture7c.html
2 Ibid
3 http://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/evolutionofparliament/originsofparliament/ birthofparliament/overview/origins/
4 https://faculty.history.wisc.edu/sommerville/123/123%20303%20Personal%20Rule.htm
5 Ibid
6 http://justus.anglican.org/resources/bio/76.html
7 Ibid
8 http://bcw-project.org/military/bishops-wars/
9 http://bcw-project.org/biography/thomas-wentworth-earl-of-strafford
10http://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/evolutionofparliament/parliamentaryauthority/ civilwar/overview/longparliament/
11 Ibid
12 http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/plantation/planters/es10.shtml
13 http://www.constitution.org/eng/conpur043.htm
14 http://spartacus-educational.com/STUfivemembers.htm
15 http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/civil_war_revolution/choosingsides_01.shtml
16 Ibid
17 http://www.british-history.ac.uk/rushworth-papers/vol4/pp655-688
18 http://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/evolutionofparliament/parliamentaryauthority/ civilwar/overview/the-breakdown/
19 http://bcw-project.org/military/units
20 Ibid
21 Ibid
22 All information in this section originates from the British Civil Wars Project, at http://bcw- project.org/
Horace Mann Model United Nations Conference !24