DOCSLIB.ORG

The English Civil War 7 Overview of the Topic 7 History 7 Current Situation 12 Possible Solutions 15 Character Profiles 16 Questions to Consider 23 Endnotes 24

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The English Civil War 7 Overview of the Topic 7 History 7 Current Situation 12 Possible Solutions 15 Character Profiles 16 Questions to Consider 23 Endnotes 24 HoMMUNC 30 ECW English Civil War: 1642-165 MIRANDA BANNISTER ALEX KARPF CHAIR MODERATOR HoMMUNC TABLE OF CONTENTS Letter from the Secretaries-General 3 Letter from the Chair 4 Committee Background 5 Topic A: The English Civil War 7 Overview of the Topic 7 History 7 Current Situation 12 Possible Solutions 15 Character Profiles 16 Questions to Consider 23 Endnotes 24 Horace Mann Model United Nations Conference !2 HoMMUNC 30 LETTERHoMMUNC FROM THE SECRETARIES-GENERAL Erica Cantor Alexander O’Neill DEAR DELEGATES, Daniel Rosenblatt Secretaries-General Welcome to Horace Mann’s 30th annual Model United Nations conference, HoMMUNC 30! Since 1985, HoMMUNC has Miranda Bannister engaged the future leaders of the world in a day full of Chair of the Board learning, debate, and compromise. The conference brings Anne Rosenblatt together intellectually curious high school students to Vice-Chair of the Board contemplate and discuss serious global concerns. We are honored to have inherited the responsibility of preparing this Daria Balaeskoul event for the over 1000 students that will participate in Stephanie Fernandez Edith Herwitz HoMMUNC 30. Anne Kuritzkes Russell Mindich Regardless of your age or experience in Model UN, we Adam Shaw challenge you to remain engaged in the discourse of your Senior Board committees and truly involve yourself in the negotiation Daniel Frackman process. Each committee is comprised of an eclectic group of Maya Klaris delegates and will address an important global concern. Take Anaya Kumar-Banerjee this opportunity to delve deep into that problem: educate Noah Shapiro yourself, think innovatively to create the best solutions, and Under-Secretaries- General lead the committee to a resolution that could better the world. Through the platform of Model UN, you will have the chance Zachary Gaynor to gain invaluable skills in leadership, public speaking, and Alexander Karpf writing and will become a more globally-aware person. As a Dahlia Krutkovich Isabella Muti bonus, you will meet like-minded students from around the Henry Shapiro area and create lasting friendships. Conference Coordinators Horace Mann Model United Nations has played an immense role in our lives over the past three years, and it has been our Alex Lein Max Kester pleasure to organize HoMMUNC 30 along with a dedicated Spencer Slagowitz senior and junior staff over the past 6 months. We hope you Senior Crisis Staff have a fun and enriching experience at the conference. Mitchell Francis Best, Faculty Advisor ERICA CANTOR, ALEXANDER O’NEILL, AND DANIEL ROSENBLATT Secretaries-General HoMMUNC 30 Horace Mann Model United Nations Conference !3 LETTERHoMMUNC FROM THE CHAIR Erica Cantor Alexander O’Neill DEAR DELEGATES, Daniel Rosenblatt Secretaries-General It is a pleasure to be your chair at Horace Mann’s thirtieth annual Model UN Conference. This year marks my fifth and Miranda Bannister last HoMMUNC, so I look forward to a memorable experience Chair of the Board in the the English Civil War Committee. Having done crisis Anne Rosenblatt committees for most of my Model UN career, I have found Vice-Chair of the Board historical simulations to be particularly fascinating. With any luck, our committee will send us back to one of the most Daria Balaeskoul Stephanie Fernandez exciting time periods in modern European history. Edith Herwitz Anne Kuritzkes The English Civil War promises to offer great crises and rich Russell Mindich debates. It was a complex conflict, which welled from the Adam Shaw intersection of myriad religious and political tensions. So, we Senior Board will endeavor to make every crisis you encounter convey the Daniel Frackman enthralling realities of the time. Consequently, I hope to hear Maya Klaris each and every one of you probing the matters at hand and Anaya Kumar-Banerjee coming up with a fresh way to present your character’s deeper Noah Shapiro motivations and your own smart ways of attacking the agenda. Under-Secertaries General My tips for making the most of HoMMUNC are to read into Zachary Gaynor the history of the English Civil War and to find a passion for Alexander Karpf the material. Get a firm grasp on the timeline of the Civil War, Dahlia Krutkovich the major players, and the themes that appear over and over Isabella Muti again. For example, you should understand the role of Henry Shapiro Conference Puritanism in politics throughout the war. Beyond that initial Coordinators research, examine interesting articles. Enter committee genuinely fascinated with the material. Alex Lein Max Kester Thanks so much! I look forward to meeting you. Spencer Slagowitz Senior Crisis Staff MIRANDA BANNISTER Mitchell Francis Chair, English Civil War Faculty Advisor Horace Mann Model United Nations Conference !4 C O M M I T T E E government structure over the island. Hence as members of the Long Parliament, BACKGROUND delegates will work to beat back the forces of the King and his supporters and engage This committee will simulate a in diplomacy in order to win the civil war. council of important members of England’s In addition, delegates must maintain Long Parliament, the elected body of one of stability in lands controlled by the two major factions during England’s Parliamentarian forces and device a secure, civil war, from 1642-1651. The Long Republican Governmental structure. Parliament’s assembly in 1640 by King Delegates should not expect the Charles I of England ultimately began a Committee to follow the exact events of the period of tension and conlict with the King England’s Civil War, and further research that resulted in the Parliament’s political into the War’s events will not yield helpful separation from Charles I. At the beginning in the committee’s procedure. Instead, the point of time of this committee, the Long War will unfold in a manner directly Parliament, in direct deIiance of the inIluenced and dictated by the committee. monarchy, is attempting to wrest singular Hence any further research by individual control over England and assert its own delegates should assess how the Parliament can effectively use the powers and tools in its arsenal to regain control over England. Delegates will decide on actions for the entire committee through directives. Horace Mann Model United Nations Conference !5 These actions must win simply a majority of the committee’s vote and can be introduced by any member. Directives can do whatever the committee has the ability and resources to do. They also need not be formatted in a strict manner. In addition, individual delegates can submit communiqués, individual actions based on the portfolio powers and personal resources of each delegate. These actions can be either conidential or public, and can perform whatever action an individual delegate has the power to execute. They must be submitted to the Chair of the committee and then will be processed by HoMMUNC’s Crisis Staff. Ultimately, we encourage delegates to be as creative as possible in generating both solutions to problems faced by the entire committee and cunning communiqués. Horace Mann Model United Nations Conference !6 TOPIC A: THE ENGLISH CIVIL WAR Overview of the Topic The English Civil War, simply put, represented a conflict between England’s royal monarch, King Charles I and its Parliament. Charles’ perceived support of Catholics caused many Englishmen, including A Portrait of King Charles I of England decide the structure of England’s government Parliament, to fear that their king wished to and the fate of King Charles I. restore Catholicism as England’s state religion. Moreover, Charles’ attempts to History consolidate power for himself and act without permission from elected officials led to an Charles first ascended to the intractable, violent conflict between him and monarchy in 1625. As his rule progressed, Parliament. Charles I has gathered his own King Charles I came to be seen as forces in the Northern portion of England, increasingly sympathetic toward Catholics Parliamentarians, led by England’s and Catholic causes. He first married Parliament, have consolidated power in Henrietta Maria, the daughter of a French London. The resolution of this Civil War will king, whose Catholic faith upset many political members of England. To alleviate Horace Mann Model United Nations Conference !7 worries of his sympathy to Catholics, he Parliament when he needed its decided to send a military force to support the consultation, or could choose to ignore it. French Huguenots, a group of Protestant Though the king’s incentive to call French citizens whom the French military had Parliament was the body’s ability to accept or veto tax and custom increases. Without begun to besiege.1 However, Charles Parliament’s support, a king lacked the appointment of the unsuccessful but personal ability to manage or run his kingdom. As a favorite Duke of Buckingham, George result, kings had a Iinancial, not legal, Villiers, to head the force angered parliament. incentive to convoke Parliament and allow The move caused Parliament to attempt to impeach Villiers as the leader of this force, and in retaliation Charles dissolved Parliament in 1629, 12 years before the start of this committee, and called for the election of another. Charles accepted the new parliament’s “Petition of Right”, which limited his ability to enforce the mandatory quartering of soldiers and endless taxation, but then chose not to call Parliament again.2 Unlike legislatures of the 21st century, the Parliament of England did meet in an annual or regular schedule. Instead, a king could choose to call A Portrait of the Impeachment of George Villiers, Duke of Buckingham Horace Mann Model United Nations Conference !8 members of the gentry, or aristocracy of angered inhabitants of these regions.4 He England, to elect the House of Commons.3 also Iined all aristocrats who failed to Charles chose not to call his appear at an archaic knighting ritual, and parliament for eleven years, in a period this decision caused many nobles to that became known as the Charles’ become less supportive of Charles.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • UC Riverside UC Riverside Electronic Theses and Dissertations
    UC Riverside UC Riverside Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Mobilizing the Metropolis: Politics, Plots and Propaganda in Civil War London, 1642-1644 Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3gh4h08w Author Downs, Jordan Publication Date 2015 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE Mobilizing the Metropolis: Politics, Plots and Propaganda in Civil War London, 1642-1644 A Dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History by Jordan Swan Downs December 2015 Dissertation Committee: Dr. Thomas Cogswell, Chairperson Dr. Jonathan Eacott Dr. Randolph Head Dr. J. Sears McGee Copyright by Jordan Swan Downs 2015 The Dissertation of Jordan Swan Downs is approved: ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Committee Chairperson University of California, Riverside Acknowledgements I wish to express my gratitude to all of the people who have helped me to complete this dissertation. This project was made possible due to generous financial support form the History Department at UC Riverside and the College of Humanities and Social Sciences. Other financial support came from the William Andrew’s Clark Memorial Library, the Huntington Library, the Institute of Historical Research in London, and the Santa Barbara Scholarship Foundation. Original material from this dissertation was published by Cambridge University Press in volume 57 of The Historical Journal as “The Curse of Meroz and the English Civil War” (June, 2014). Many librarians have helped me to navigate archives on both sides of the Atlantic. I am especially grateful to those from London’s livery companies, the London Metropolitan Archives, the Guildhall Library, the National Archives, and the British Library, the Bodleian, the Huntington and the William Andrews Clark Memorial Library.
    [Show full text]
  • Advisory Opinions and the Problem of Legal Authority
    Vanderbilt Law Review Volume 74 Issue 3 April 2021 Article 5 4-2021 Advisory Opinions and the Problem of Legal Authority Christian R. Burset Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.vanderbilt.edu/vlr Part of the Judges Commons, and the Jurisprudence Commons Recommended Citation Christian R. Burset, Advisory Opinions and the Problem of Legal Authority, 74 Vanderbilt Law Review 621 (2021) Available at: https://scholarship.law.vanderbilt.edu/vlr/vol74/iss3/5 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarship@Vanderbilt Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Vanderbilt Law Review by an authorized editor of Scholarship@Vanderbilt Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Advisory Opinions and the Problem of Legal Authority Christian R. Burset* The prohibition against advisory opinions is fundamental to our understanding of federal judicial power, but we have misunderstood its origins. Discussions of the doctrine begin not with a constitutional text or even a court case, but a letter in which the Jay Court rejected President Washington’s request for legal advice. Courts and scholars have offered a variety of explanations for the Jay Court’s behavior. But they all depict the earliest Justices as responding to uniquely American concerns about advisory opinions. This Article offers a different explanation. Drawing on previously untapped archival sources, it shows that judges throughout the anglophone world—not only in the United States but also in England and British India— became opposed to advisory opinions in the second half of the eighteenth century. The death of advisory opinions was a global phenomenon, rooted in a period of anxiety about common-law authority.
    [Show full text]
  • Speakers of the House of Commons
    Parliamentary Information List BRIEFING PAPER 04637a 21 August 2015 Speakers of the House of Commons Speaker Date Constituency Notes Peter de Montfort 1258 − William Trussell 1327 − Appeared as joint spokesman of Lords and Commons. Styled 'Procurator' Henry Beaumont 1332 (Mar) − Appeared as joint spokesman of Lords and Commons. Sir Geoffrey Le Scrope 1332 (Sep) − Appeared as joint spokesman of Lords and Commons. Probably Chief Justice. William Trussell 1340 − William Trussell 1343 − Appeared for the Commons alone. William de Thorpe 1347-1348 − Probably Chief Justice. Baron of the Exchequer, 1352. William de Shareshull 1351-1352 − Probably Chief Justice. Sir Henry Green 1361-1363¹ − Doubtful if he acted as Speaker. All of the above were Presiding Officers rather than Speakers Sir Peter de la Mare 1376 − Sir Thomas Hungerford 1377 (Jan-Mar) Wiltshire The first to be designated Speaker. Sir Peter de la Mare 1377 (Oct-Nov) Herefordshire Sir James Pickering 1378 (Oct-Nov) Westmorland Sir John Guildesborough 1380 Essex Sir Richard Waldegrave 1381-1382 Suffolk Sir James Pickering 1383-1390 Yorkshire During these years the records are defective and this Speaker's service might not have been unbroken. Sir John Bussy 1394-1398 Lincolnshire Beheaded 1399 Sir John Cheyne 1399 (Oct) Gloucestershire Resigned after only two days in office. John Dorewood 1399 (Oct-Nov) Essex Possibly the first lawyer to become Speaker. Sir Arnold Savage 1401(Jan-Mar) Kent Sir Henry Redford 1402 (Oct-Nov) Lincolnshire Sir Arnold Savage 1404 (Jan-Apr) Kent Sir William Sturmy 1404 (Oct-Nov) Devonshire Or Esturmy Sir John Tiptoft 1406 Huntingdonshire Created Baron Tiptoft, 1426.
    [Show full text]
  • Bills of Attainder
    University at Buffalo School of Law Digital Commons @ University at Buffalo School of Law Journal Articles Faculty Scholarship Winter 2016 Bills of Attainder Matthew Steilen University at Buffalo School of Law Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.law.buffalo.edu/journal_articles Part of the Legal History Commons Recommended Citation Matthew Steilen, Bills of Attainder, 53 Hous. L. Rev. 767 (2016). Available at: https://digitalcommons.law.buffalo.edu/journal_articles/123 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Scholarship at Digital Commons @ University at Buffalo School of Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal Articles by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ University at Buffalo School of Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ARTICLE BILLS OF ATTAINDER Matthew Steilen* ABSTRACT What are bills of attainder? The traditional view is that bills of attainder are legislation that punishes an individual without judicial process. The Bill of Attainder Clause in Article I, Section 9 prohibits the Congress from passing such bills. But what about the President? The traditional view would seem to rule out application of the Clause to the President (acting without Congress) and to executive agencies, since neither passes bills. This Article aims to bring historical evidence to bear on the question of the scope of the Bill of Attainder Clause. The argument of the Article is that bills of attainder are best understood as a summary form of legal process, rather than a legislative act. This argument is based on a detailed historical reconstruction of English and early American practices, beginning with a study of the medieval Parliament rolls, year books, and other late medieval English texts, and early modern parliamentary diaries and journals covering the attainders of Elizabeth Barton under Henry VIII and Thomas Wentworth, earl of Strafford, under Charles I.
    [Show full text]
  • The Providence Island Company on 28Th September 1629 Letters Of
    The Providence Island Company On 28th September 1629 letters of marque were issued for an expedition to be mounted to St Catalina, an island in the Caribbean (later to be renamed Providence Island). Subscriptions were invited from Lord Saye's circle of powerful political and business friends, who were opposed to the arbitrary rule of the king, for twenty shares at £200 per head. In the summer of 1630 the first meeting of shareholders was held in Brooke House, Holborn, London (held there to avoid the plague in the country). On 4th December a patent was sealed granting the formal incorporation of the splendidly named company of 'The Governor and Company of Adventurers of the City of Westminster for the Plantation of the Islands of Providence, Henrietta and adjacent islands laying upon the coast of America'; known as 'The Providence Island Company'. The total cost of the Patent and fees was £60. The name Providence had great significance at that time; the Adventurers (men who advanced venture capital) believed they were responding to divine will in founding the settlement. They were casting themselves on God's providence. The project could only succeed with God's approval.4 St Catalina, as the Spanish called the island, was situated in the south-west corner of the Caribbean, off the coast of Nicaragua; it is six miles long by four wide and was considered, in the seventeenth century, to be the choicest of the Caribbean islands. It had an equable climate, was fertile and salubrious; with plenty of water. It was easily fortified and there were no venomous creatures.
    [Show full text]
  • Stapylton Final Version
    1 THE PARLIAMENTARY PRIVILEGE OF FREEDOM FROM ARREST, 1603–1629 Keith A. T. Stapylton UCL Submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2016 Page 2 DECLARATION I, Keith Anthony Thomas Stapylton, confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. Signed Page 3 ABSTRACT This thesis considers the English parliamentary privilege of freedom from arrest (and other legal processes), 1603-1629. Although it is under-represented in the historiography, the early Stuart Commons cherished this particular privilege as much as they valued freedom of speech. Previously one of the privileges requested from the monarch at the start of a parliament, by the seventeenth century freedom from arrest was increasingly claimed as an ‘ancient’, ‘undoubted’ right that secured the attendance of members, and safeguarded their honour, dignity, property, and ‘necessary’ servants. Uncertainty over the status and operation of the privilege was a major contemporary issue, and this prompted key questions for research. First, did ill definition of the constitutional relationship between the crown and its prerogatives, and parliament and its privileges, lead to tensions, increasingly polemical attitudes, and a questioning of the royal prerogative? Where did sovereignty now lie? Second, was it important to maximise the scope of the privilege, if parliament was to carry out its business properly? Did ad hoc management of individual privilege cases nevertheless have the cumulative effect of enhancing the authority and confidence of the Commons? Third, to what extent was the exploitation or abuse of privilege an unintended consequence of the strengthening of the Commons’ authority in matters of privilege? Such matters are not treated discretely, but are embedded within chapters that follow a thematic, broadly chronological approach.
    [Show full text]
  • I the Committee of Safety
    .· (~. ll II Ii ) ' THE COMMITTEE OF SAFETY. 11 "A thesis submitted to the ,, faculty of the Graduate School of the University of • Minnesota by Etheleen Frances ;emp in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ii degree of Master of Arts, May 5, 1911. 1;1 I Ii II Ii 11 ' :S I:BLI OGRAPHY. l. Source Material 1. Journals of the House of Lords, vol. V and VI. Journals of the House of Commons, vol. II and III. These contain the greater portion of the material on the Committee of Safety. 2. Royal Commission on Historical Manuscripts. London, 1874 etc. These volumes contain here and there a com­ munication to or from the Committee of Safety but have much less material that might be expected. References found:- 4th Report p 262. 5th Report pp. 48, 54, 56, 63, 65, 69, 80, 107, 114. 7th Report pp. 550-588. 10th Report App. 6 pp. 87-88. 13th Report App. 1 p. 104. 3. Calendar of State Papers. Domestic 1641-1644 London, 1887-8 lla.ny order for military supplies are given in the State Papers but not in full. 4. Rushworth,John, Historical collections, 8 vol. London, 1682-1701. Compilation of declarations and proclamations. Vol. 3 and 7 contain material on the Committee. They contain valuable proclamations of the King which cannot be found elsewhere. 5. Somers, Lord. Tracts, 13 vol. London, 1809-1815. Has several remonstrances of value. ){) 1 ~ ( ' ,.... 6. Whitacre. Diary Add. M S S 31, 116, fol. Had notes from first six months of the Committee period especially.
    [Show full text]
  • Lives of Eminent Serjeants
    00024288 i ' 1 I the I I A siatic Society of Bombay | Towf-n MaM, Bombay, ® Digitized with financial assistance from the Government of Maharashtra on 19 September, 2016 LIVES OF EMINENT SERJEANTS-AT-LAW / r ' ‘ A t, ■*< (■; 1' ■ ■ > 1 \\ \ ' '-'’1'- l ;r L -*y ’i« v_ *■ ' y LIVES EMINENT 8ERJEANT8-AT-LAW OP THE ENGLISH BAB. BY HUMPHRY WILLIAM WOOLRYCH. Serjeant-at-Lavt. 24288 — IN TWO VOLUMES. VOL. II. ■ ■■] LONDON: W m . h . ALLEN & CO., 13, WATERLOO PLACE, PALL MALL. S.W. 1869. t’j'-o // ,v 00024288 00024288 L0KD0N!_L swx8 & s, Alo(orgate Street. LIVES OF EMINENT SERJEANTS. THE DARNALS. W hether Darnal, Darnel, or DameU, or even Darnall, according to various readings, these lawyers were of high promise. The elder was spoken of in 1700, amongst other gossip, by Luttrell, as the new Baron of the Exchequer, and actually, though incorrectly, named by him as such.* A classical pim is extant upon the name. Kett, or Horse Kett, as he was called at Oxford, from the resemblance which his head bore to that animal, was a master of the schools at Oxfoi’d, and with him was Mr. Dai’nell. The following line was immediately applied to these gentlemen:— “ Infclix Lolium, et steriles dominantur avenffi.” “ Oats and Davnol choke the rising corn.”’ Or rather, according to Covington, nascimtur. “ Nas- 1 “ Diary,’* voL iv. pp. 652, 653. Sir Salathiol Lovol, Recorclor of London, got the vacant place, '' Dryden*3 “ Pastorals," vol. v. p. 56.—“ Virg. Eclog.,*’ v. 37- yoL . II. 1 Limes OF EMPBNT SBHJEAKTS. «uiii'tur,” he observes, is fouaad:^ ¿¡H th e M SS.” A nd ’ he dhsthigudshes the ^vord “dornikiantur'' iaa th e “ dreorgÌGS,.” -where exactly the sa®ae passage appears, ■ b y i^eferriag th e ikist to“ Weeds giiow higdmongst th e Gora,” whereas, here the “ weeds are ^?owipgvmtmà of baadey.” * tS© ia Job: Goekle or darabl iastead o i barley.
    [Show full text]
  • Oliver Cromwell and the Regicides
    OLIVER CROMWELL AND THE REGICIDES By Dr Patrick Little The revengers’ tragedy known as the Restoration can be seen as a drama in four acts. The first, third and fourth acts were in the form of executions of those held responsible for the ‘regicide’ – the killing of King Charles I on 30 January 1649. Through October 1660 ten regicides were hanged, drawn and quartered, including Charles I’s prosecutor, John Cooke, republicans such as Thomas Scot, and religious radicals such as Thomas Harrison. In April 1662 three more regicides, recently kidnapped in the Low Countries, were also dragged to Tower Hill: John Okey, Miles Corbett and John Barkstead. And in June 1662 parliament finally got its way when the arch-republican (but not strictly a regicide, as he refused to be involved in the trial of the king) Sir Henry Vane the younger was also executed. In this paper I shall consider the careers of three of these regicides, one each from these three sets of executions: Thomas Harrison, John Okey and Sir Henry Vane. What united these men was not their political views – as we shall see, they differed greatly in that respect – but their close association with the concept of the ‘Good Old Cause’ and their close friendship with the most controversial regicide of them all: Oliver Cromwell. The Good Old Cause was a rallying cry rather than a political theory, embodying the idea that the civil wars and the revolution were in pursuit of religious and civil liberty, and that they had been sanctioned – and victory obtained – by God.
    [Show full text]
  • England 1625-1660: Charles I, the Civil War and Cromwell Ebook, Epub
    ENGLAND 1625-1660: CHARLES I, THE CIVIL WAR AND CROMWELL PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Dale Scarboro | 304 pages | 30 May 2005 | HODDER EDUCATION | 9780719577475 | English | London, United Kingdom England 1625-1660: Charles I, the Civil War and Cromwell PDF Book He declared that "healing and settling" were the "great end of your meeting". Far to the North, Bermuda's regiment of Militia and its coastal batteries prepared to resist an invasion that never came. Cromwell controversy continued into the 20th century. Negotiations were entered into with Charles but rather than treat with Parliament in good faith, he urged on the Scots to attack again for a Second Civil War in Cromwell led a Parliamentary invasion of Ireland from — Before he joined Parliament's forces, Cromwell's only military experience was in the trained bands, the local county militia. His tolerance of Protestant sects did not extend to Catholics; his measures against them in Ireland have been characterised by some as genocidal or near-genocidal, [7] and his record is strongly criticised in Ireland. In , one of the first ships commissioned to serve in the American Continental Navy during the American Revolutionary War was named Oliver Cromwell. See also: Oliver Cromwell's head. Ordinary people took advantage of the dislocation of civil society in the s to gain personal advantages. In June, however, a junior officer with a force of some men seized the king and carried him away to the army headquarters at Newmarket. A second Parliament was called later the same year, and became known as the Long Parliament. The English conflict left some 34, Parliamentarians and 50, Royalists dead, while at least , men and women died from war-related diseases, bringing the total death toll caused by the three civil wars in England to almost , Of all the English dominions, Virginia was the most resentful of Cromwell's rule, and Cavalier emigration there mushroomed during the Protectorate.
    [Show full text]
  • Poetry As Correspondence in Early Modern England
    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2017 Unfolding Verse: Poetry As Correspondence In Early Modern England Dianne Marie Mitchell University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Recommended Citation Mitchell, Dianne Marie, "Unfolding Verse: Poetry As Correspondence In Early Modern England" (2017). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 2477. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/2477 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/2477 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Unfolding Verse: Poetry As Correspondence In Early Modern England Abstract This project recovers a forgotten history of Renaissance poetry as mail. At a time when trends in English print publication and manuscript dissemination were making lyric verse more accessible to a reading public than ever before, writers and correspondents created poetic objects designed to reach individual postal recipients. Drawing on extensive archival research, “Unfolding Verse” examines versions of popular poems by John Donne, Ben Jonson, Mary Wroth, and others which look little like “literature.” Rather, these verses bear salutations, addresses, folds, wax seals, and other signs of transmission through the informal postal networks of early modern England. Neither verse letters nor “epistles,” the textual artifacts I call “letter-poems” proclaim their participation in a widespread social
    [Show full text]
  • Johnston of Warriston
    F a m o u s Sc o t s S e r i e s Th e following Volum es are now ready M S ARLYLE H ECT O R . M C HERSO . T HO A C . By C A P N LL N R M Y O L H T SM E T O . A A A SA . By IP AN A N H U GH MI R E T H LE SK . LLE . By W. K I A H K ! T LOR INN Es. JO N NO . By A . AY R ERT U RNS G BR EL SET OUN. OB B . By A I L D O H GE E. T H E BA L A I ST S. By J N DDI RD MER N Pro fe sso H ER KLESS. RICH A CA O . By r SIR MES Y SI MPSON . EV E L T R E S M SO . JA . By B AN Y I P N M R P o fesso . G R E BLA I KIE. T HOMAS CH AL E S. By r r W A D N MES S ELL . E T H LE SK. JA BO W . By W K I A I M L E OL H T SME T O . T OB AS S O L T T . By IP AN A N U G . T O MON D . FLET CHER O F SA LT O N . By . W . R U P Sir GEOR E DO L S. T HE BLACKWOOD G O . By G UG A RM M LEOD OH ELL OO .
    [Show full text]