DOCSLIB.ORG

Religious Unorthodoxy and Radical Politics: the Political Theory of Gerrard Winstanley

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Religious Unorthodoxy and Radical Politics: the Political Theory of Gerrard Winstanley INFORMATION TO USERS This was pr oduced from a copy of a document sent to us for microfilming. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or “target” for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is “Missing Page(s)”. If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting through an image and duplicating adjacent pages to assure you of complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a round black mark it is an indication that the film inspector noticed either blurred copy because of movement during exposure, or duplicate copy. Unless we meant to delete copyrighted materials that should not have been filmed, you will find a good image of the page in the adjacent frame. If copyrighted materials were deleted you will find a target note listing the pages in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., is part of the material being photo­ graphed the photographer has followed a definite method in “sectioning” the material. It is customary to begin filming at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. If necessary, sectioning is continued again—beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. For any illustrations that cannot be reproduced satisfactorily by xerography, photographic prints can be purchased at additional cost and tipped into your xerographic copy. Requests can be made to our Dissertations Customer Services Department. 5. Some pages in any document may have indistinct print. In all cases we have filmed the best available copy. University Microfilms International 300 N /I- I B HiJ , ANN ARBOR. Ml 4HIOO 8222097 Harvey, John Milton, Jr. RELIGIOUS UNORTHODOXY AND RADICAL POLITICS: THE POLITICAL THEORY OF GERRARD WINSTANLEY The Ohio Stale University Ph.D. 1982 University Microfilms International300 N. Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48106 Copyright 1982 by Harvey, John Milton, Jr. All Rights Reserved RELIGIOUS UNORTHODOXY AND RADICAL POLITICS THE POLITICAL THEORY OF GERRARD WINSTANLEY DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of'the Requirements for The Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By John Milton Harvey, Jr., B.S., M.A. * ■* * * * The Ohio S ta te U n iv e rsity 1982 Reading Committee: Approved By Dr. John R. Champlin Dr. James Farr Dr. Clayton Roberts Dep< rtment of Political Science ACKNOWLEDGMENTS In the preparation of this dissertation I have incurred many obli­ gations. I am grateful to the libraries of Columbia University, The C leveland P u b lic L ib ra ry , The B r itis h Museum, and The Ohio S ta te University, especially the Interlibrary Loan Department at The Ohio State University, for their valuable services. I have also received a great deal of helpful criticism, timely advice, and moral support from the chairman of my dissertation committee, Dr. John R. Champlin. I extend special thanks to Professor James P. Scanlan of the Philosophy Department of The Ohio State University for his stimulating courses and thoughtful suggestions on the dissertation* Because of a Fulbright grant to the Soviet Union, Dr. Scanlan was unable t to serve on the dissertation committee during the final few weeks. Dr. Janes Farr, Assistant Professor of Political Science, who replaced Dr. Scanlan on the committee, has provided expert skill and assistance. Finally, I am grateful to Dr. Clayton Roberts, Department of History, for his venerable wisdom and knowledge of seventeenth century England. The greatest private debt is to my wife and to my dog Jiggles for their patience. Spelling, punctuation, and capitalization in the quotations have been retained in the original seventeenth century form. VITA August 4, 19 4 1 ......... Born - Princeton, WV 1962 .... .......... B.S., Concord College, Athens, WV 1965-66 ........ Teaching Assistant, Political Science Department, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 1966-67 .............. Instructor of Political Science and History, Glenville State College, Glenville, WV 1968 ................. M.A., West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 1967-70 .............. Instructor of Political Science, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 1971-75 .............. Graduate Assistant, International Studies, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1977-78 .............. Assistant Professor of Political Science, Concord College, Athens, WV 1978- .............. Commercial Line Underwriter, Nationwide Insurance, Columbus, Ohio PUBLICATIONS Contributing Editor in Political Science to The American Bibliography of of Slavic and East European Studies for 1970-1972. Review of Boris Ischboldin's The History of Russian Non-Marxian Social Economic Thought. The Russian Review, Vol. 31» October, 1972. FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field: Political Theory Seventeenth Century English Political Theory. Professor John R. Champ' lin and Professor James Farr Seventeenth Century English History. Professor Clayton Roberts iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ............................................. ii VITA ....................................................... INTRODUCTION............................................... 1 Chapter I. WINSTANLEY: THE SECONDLY LITERATURE.............. 6 II. THE LIFE AND TIMES OF WINSTANLEY................... 66 III. RELIGIOUS AND POLITICAL UNORTHODOXY: THE PRE-DIGGING PAMPHLETS OF WINSTANLEY......................... 103 IV. THE POLITICAL RADICALISM OF WINSTANLEY: HIS DIGGING PAMPHLETS ....................................... 163 V. THE UTOPIA OF WINSTANLEY: THE LAW OF FREEDOM IN A PLATFORM......................................... 213 APPENDIXES Chronology of the Life and Times of Gerrard Winstanley . 250 SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY ....................................... 252 iv INTRODUCTION The seventeenth century period of the English Revolution was a period of a plethora of religious and political ideas of all types. Royalist and Parliamentary, Roundhead and Cavalier, Leveller and Monarchist vied with each other. Calvinists, Baptists, Independents, Seekers, Ranters, Behemists, Familists, and Millenarians were among the religious groups in existence. The abolition of the Long parlia­ ment of the censorship authority of the Archbishop of Canterbury, and the consequent disuse of the monopoly of the Stationers Company made possible the collapse of the censorship of printed matter. Polemical pamphlets were published on unlicensed printing presses primarily in London. Tracts were written and promptly answered. Individuals moved freely from one sect to another writing of the religious errors, recanting their heresies and offering testimonials proclaiming their religious truth. Political institutions, such as the law and clergy, were criticized and land rents condemned. Gerrard Winstanley, the leader and principal pamphleteer of the Digger movement, formulated his ideas amids-:. this backdrop. Unlike the twentieth century, seventeenth century actors combined their religious and political ideas. Religious and politics ideas were propounded so rapidly that it is only in retrospect that we can date the founding of religious sects such as the Baptists, Quakers, or the long forgotten Ranters, or recall other political theorists besides Hobbes and the Levellers. In this context Winstanley formulated a religious and political theory. No other seventeenth century English theorist delivered such a thorough going critique of property, church, and state. He sought to abolish landed property, the clergy, and "kingly government." In their places he proposed common landed property, a system of common distribution of economic goods, and the "restoration of true monarchy." The chief aim of this dissertation is to analyze the political theory of Gerrard Winstanley. In order to do this, the evolution of his ideas will be traced in the order he presented them. In this way the paramount features of his political theory will be obvious by comparing those ideas which remained constant with the ideas which changed quickly and easily. Three major periods of the life and writings of Winstanley are crucial in understanding the three stages of his political theory. He wrote his first five pamphlets before he formed the digging community at a time in which he may have been an itinerant preacher. In the second period he wrote his next fifteen pamphlets while leader of the Digger community. The third period corresponds to the demise of the Digger movement after which he wrote his last work, The Law of Freedom in a Platform. In all three periods, the major effort of this dissertation is to recover what Winstanley intended to say. Only in this way can one understand the meaning which he sought to convey to his seventeenth century audience. The recovery of the historical intention of Winstanley or any political thinker requires both content and context be analyzed. The paradox is that doing one requires the other he dealt with also. When an interpreter of a political theorist is trying to determine how the thinker's ideas developed out of immediate circumstances, he must understand both the content and context of the ideas analyzed. Otherwise how would an interpreter know
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Title Page R.J. Pederson
    Cover Page The handle http://hdl.handle.net/1887/22159 holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation Author: Pederson, Randall James Title: Unity in diversity : English puritans and the puritan reformation, 1603-1689 Issue Date: 2013-11-07 UNITY IN DIVERSITY: ENGLISH PURITANS AND THE PURITAN REFORMATION 1603-1689 Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van Doctor aan de Universiteit Leiden, op gezag van Rector Magnificus prof. mr. Carel Stolker volgens besluit van het College voor promoties te verdedigen op 7 November 2013 klokke 15:00 uur door Randall James Pederson geboren te Everett, Washington, USA in 1975 Promotiecommissie Promotores: Prof. dr. Gijsbert van den Brink Prof. dr. Richard Alfred Muller, Calvin Theological Seminary, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA Leden: Prof. dr. Ernestine van der Wall Dr. Jan Wim Buisman Prof. dr. Henk van den Belt Prof. dr. Willem op’t Hof Dr. Willem van Vlastuin Contents Part I: Historical Method and Background Chapter One: Historiographical Introduction, Methodology, Hypothesis, and Structure ............. 1 1.1 Another Book on English Puritanism? Historiographical Justification .................. 1 1.2 Methodology, Hypothesis, and Structure ...................................................................... 20 1.2.1 Narrative and Metanarrative .............................................................................. 25 1.2.2 Structure ................................................................................................................... 31 1.3 Summary ................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • JSR 3-2.Indd
    ariel hessayon goldsmiths, university of london Early Modern Communism The Diggers and Community of Goods Freedom is the man that will turn the world upside downe, therefore no wonder he hath enemies. —Gerrard Winstanley, A Watch-Word to the City of London and the Armie (1649), preface I. Positioning the Diggers within a Communist Tradition Since their rediscovery in the nineteenth century—first by Liberal, Social- ist, and Marxist historians and then by Protestant nonconformists—the English Diggers of 1649–50 have been successively appropriated; their image refashioned in the service of new political doctrines that have sought legitimacy partly through emphasizing supposed ideological antecedents. In a previous article I demonstrated that recent attempts to incorporate the Diggers within a constructed Green heritage are unconvincing and that at worst these emerging “Green narratives” are insensitive to historical context.1 Similarly, here I want to show how, either through lack of understanding the finer points of Protestant theology or deliberate distortion, most explanations of the Diggers’ implementation of the doctrine of community of goods have been misleading. Journal for the Study of Radicalism, Vol. 3, No. 2, 2009, pp. 1–50. issn 1930-1189. © 2009 Michigan State University Board of Trustees. All rights reserved. 1 2 Ariel Hessayon Although the term “Communism” is anachronistic in an early modern context—the Chartist Goodwyn Barmby apparently coined it in 1840—Fried- rich Engels nonetheless used it in his study of Th e Peasant War in Germany (summer 1850). Engels, at that time a journalist and political activist with republican sympathies, linked the revolutionary struggle of the German people in 1848 with the defeated uprising of their forebears.2 Moreover, since the 1890s a number of scholars writing in the wake of the emergence of British socialism and burgeoning trade union movement have used the word to describe an ideology that burst forth during the English Revolu- tion.
    [Show full text]
  • Christopher Hill's World Turned Upside Down
    Crossley, James G. "Christopher Hill’s World Turned Upside Down." Harnessing Chaos: The Bible in English Political Discourse Since 1968. London: Bloomsbury T & T Clark, 2014. 37–69. Bloomsbury Collections. Web. 23 Sep. 2021. <http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9780567659347.ch-002>. Downloaded from Bloomsbury Collections, www.bloomsburycollections.com, 23 September 2021, 17:56 UTC. Copyright © James G. Crossley 2014. You may share this work for non-commercial purposes only, provided you give attribution to the copyright holder and the publisher, and provide a link to the Creative Commons licence. Chapter 2 CHRISTOPHER HILL’S WORLD TURNED UPSIDE DOWN 1. The Problem of 1968 We have seen why 1968 is regarded as a watershed year in the more contemporary history of western radical thought. However, one of the seemingly curious features of the student-led radicalism of the late 1960s is the problem it posed for some western Marxists, particularly those of an ageing Marxist intellectual establishment. It might be thought that such ¿gures would have been among the most enthusiastic supporters of the uprisings (as plenty of Marxists indeed were), particularly given that the American involvement in Vietnam was the most high pro¿le point of unity across the Left, though even here there were notable exceptions such as Max Horkheimer. On the one hand, 1968 did overtly challenge dominant notions of power but, on the other, might not this radicalism be merely romantic and hopelessly ineffective? Or worse still, was it complicit or even potentially repressive? Arguably the most famous example of Marxist establishment ambiva- lence was Theodor Adorno.1 The ¿nal years and months of Adorno’s life – at this point he was now denounced as a ‘classicist’ – involved some very personal tensions with the West German student movement.
    [Show full text]
  • THE COMMITTEEMEN of NORFOLK and BEDFORDSHIRE by TOLL IAM STANLEY MARTIN B.A., University of Cambridge, 1970 a THESIS SUBMITTED I
    THE COMMITTEEMEN OF NORFOLK AND BEDFORDSHIRE 1642-1660 by TOLL IAM STANLEY MARTIN B.A., University of Cambridge, 1970 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS in ... The Department of HISTORY We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standard THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA April 1976 (c) William Stanley Martin, 1976 In presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of British Columbia, I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for reference and study. I further agree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the Head of my Department or by his representatives. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Department of History The University of British Columbia 2075 Wesbrook Place Vancouver, Canada V6T 1W5 Date 29 April 1976 - ii - ABSTRACT This study of Norfolk and Bedfordshire in the civil war and Interregnum was based on an analysis of the membership of the various committees appointed for the counties between December 1642 and March 1660. The members of the committees were divided into groups for analysis according to the dates of their first and last appointments. The gentry of Norfolk and Bedfordshire, which were both Parliamentarian counties, filled the committees of the 1640s, as they had the commissions of the peace in the 1630s. After the execution of the King in January'' 1649, the membership of the Bedfordshire committees was drastically changed by the loss of almost all the gentry members, while the Norfolk committees remained largely unchanged until I65I-I652.
    [Show full text]
  • University of Southampton Research Repository Eprints Soton
    University of Southampton Research Repository ePrints Soton Copyright © and Moral Rights for this thesis are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder/s. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given e.g. AUTHOR (year of submission) "Full thesis title", University of Southampton, name of the University School or Department, PhD Thesis, pagination http://eprints.soton.ac.uk i ii UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON ABSTRACT FACULTY OF LAW, ARTS & SOCIAL SCIENCES SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES Doctor of Philosophy MILITARY INTELLIGENCE OPERATIONS IN THE FIRST ENGLISH CIVIL WAR 1642 – 1646 By John Edward Kirkham Ellis This thesis sets out to correct the current widely held perception that military intelligence operations played a minor part in determining the outcome of the English Civil War. In spite of the warnings of Sir Charles Firth and, more recently, Ronald Hutton, many historical assessments of the role played by intelligence-gathering continue to rely upon the pronouncements made by the great Royalist historian Sir Edward Hyde, earl of Clarendon, in his History of the Rebellion. Yet the overwhelming evidence of the contemporary sources shows clearly that intelligence information did, in fact, play a major part in deciding the outcome of the key battles that determined the outcome of the Civil War itself.
    [Show full text]
  • Honours Thesis
    “Devils Clad in Flesh”: The Significance of the Perceived Ranter Threat, 1649-1651 by Katherine Lafreniere Supervised by Dr. Andrea McKenzie A graduating Essay Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements, in the Honours Programme. For the Degree of Bachelor of Arts In the Department Of History University of Victoria April 11, 2017 i. Table of Contents Introduction 1 ii. The Historians 3 iii. The Ranters 10 iv. The Polemic Works of Contemporaries 19 v. The Official Response 30 Conclusion 42 Bibliography Primary Sources 44 Secondary Sources 46 1 The execution of Charles I in 1649 marked the elimination, not only of the monarch, but also of the head of the Church of England, creating religious uncertainty as well as a political vacuum. It was under these circumstances that the Ranters, one of the most infamous of all the radical religious sects to emerge during the Civil War and Interregnum, sprang up. The Ranters were notorious for outrageous behaviour such as preaching in the nude and having multiple sexual partners. They were antinomians, meaning they rejected conventional moral laws, both scripture and legal strictures, in favour of what they believed to be divine personal revelation. In the brief period from late 1650 until early 1651, the Ranters were the subjects of a number of polemic pamphlets describing their blasphemous behaviour.1 By the end of 1651, however, following a number of Parliamentary Acts intended to suppress such blasphemies, the Ranters had largely disappeared from popular press and were no longer apparently viewed as a threat. Despite their relatively brief appearance on the historical scene, Ranters have since the 1970s attracted much scholarly attention.
    [Show full text]
  • The English Civil War 7 Overview of the Topic 7 History 7 Current Situation 12 Possible Solutions 15 Character Profiles 16 Questions to Consider 23 Endnotes 24
    HoMMUNC 30 ECW English Civil War: 1642-165 MIRANDA BANNISTER ALEX KARPF CHAIR MODERATOR HoMMUNC TABLE OF CONTENTS Letter from the Secretaries-General 3 Letter from the Chair 4 Committee Background 5 Topic A: The English Civil War 7 Overview of the Topic 7 History 7 Current Situation 12 Possible Solutions 15 Character Profiles 16 Questions to Consider 23 Endnotes 24 Horace Mann Model United Nations Conference !2 HoMMUNC 30 LETTERHoMMUNC FROM THE SECRETARIES-GENERAL Erica Cantor Alexander O’Neill DEAR DELEGATES, Daniel Rosenblatt Secretaries-General Welcome to Horace Mann’s 30th annual Model United Nations conference, HoMMUNC 30! Since 1985, HoMMUNC has Miranda Bannister engaged the future leaders of the world in a day full of Chair of the Board learning, debate, and compromise. The conference brings Anne Rosenblatt together intellectually curious high school students to Vice-Chair of the Board contemplate and discuss serious global concerns. We are honored to have inherited the responsibility of preparing this Daria Balaeskoul event for the over 1000 students that will participate in Stephanie Fernandez Edith Herwitz HoMMUNC 30. Anne Kuritzkes Russell Mindich Regardless of your age or experience in Model UN, we Adam Shaw challenge you to remain engaged in the discourse of your Senior Board committees and truly involve yourself in the negotiation Daniel Frackman process. Each committee is comprised of an eclectic group of Maya Klaris delegates and will address an important global concern. Take Anaya Kumar-Banerjee this opportunity to delve deep into that problem: educate Noah Shapiro yourself, think innovatively to create the best solutions, and Under-Secretaries- General lead the committee to a resolution that could better the world.
    [Show full text]
  • Abiezer Coppe and the Ranters
    Comp. by: PG1891 Stage : Proof ChapterID: 0001554446 Date:24/5/12 Time:11:28:30 Filepath:d:/ womat-filecopy/0001554446.3D346 OUP UNCORRECTED PROOF – FIRST PROOF, 24/5/2012, SPi CHAPTER 18 ....................................................................................................... ABIEZER COPPE AND THE RANTERS ....................................................................................................... ARIEL HESSAYON In 1652 Mary Adams of Tillingham, Essex apparently died by her own hand. According to a pamphlet entitled The Ranters Monster printed at London for George Horton (Figure 18.1), Adams claimed that she had been made pregnant by the Holy Ghost. Furthermore, she reportedly denied the Gospels’ teachings, wickedly declaring that Christ had not yet appeared in the flesh but that she was to give birth to the true Messiah. For these supposed blasphemies Adams was imprisoned. After a protracted labour of eight days, she gave birth on the ninth day to a stillborn, ugly, misshapen monster. This loathsome creature was said to have neither hands nor feet, but claws like a toad. Adams herself became consumed by disease, rotting away; her body disfigured by blotches, boils, and putrid scabs. To compound her sins she refused to repent and then committed the terrible crime of suicide by ripping open her bowels with a knife. The account in The Ranters Monster was reproduced in some contemporary news- books and subsequently in a broadside enumerating the great blasphemers of the times. It was, however, fictitious. While the pamphlet formed part of the genre of monstrous births, which tended to be interpreted as providential signs warning against private and public sin, it also served another function: as an admonition against the licentiousness of the Ranters and an affirmation of the dreadful divine punishments that awaited all such reprobates.
    [Show full text]
  • Digging, Levelling and Ranting: the Bible and the Civil War Sects
    DIGGING, LEVELLING AND RANTING: THE BIBLE AND THE CIVIL WAR SECTS Andrew Bradstock ‘The Scriptures of the Bible’, wrote the Digger leader Gerrard Winstanley in 1650, ‘were written by the experimentall hand of Shepherds, Husbandmen, Fishermen, and such inferiour men of the world’.1 It was a direct challenge to the learned and tithe- funded clergy of his day, who jealously guarded their right to determine the meaning of the biblical text and preach it to the people. For Winstanley these were ‘false Prophets’, men who did not know the Scriptures ‘experimentally’ and spoke only ‘from their imagination’.2 The ability truly to discern the meaning of Scripture lay with ‘inferior’ people like himself, the equivalents of the original authors. The principle that the Scriptures derived from and spoke to ordinary people was fundamental for Winstanley and others who resented the clergy’s role in preaching up the system which they saw as iniquitous, unjust and inequitable. One of the leading Levellers, William Walwyn, also noted that God did not choose the learned to be his ‘Prophets and publishers of the Gospell; but Heards-men, Fisher-men, Tent- makers, Toll-gatherers, etc’, and shared Winstanley’s concern that, although the people now had the Scriptures in their own tongue, they were still being warned by the clergy not to trust their own understanding. ‘What are you the better for having the Scripture in your own language …[if]… you must have an university man to interpret the English’, Walwyn asked; ‘Let me prevail with you to free yourselves from 1 Gerrard Winstanley, Fire in the Bush (1650) in Thomas N.
    [Show full text]
  • Sir Samuel Luke
    Oxfordshire Record Society JOURNAL OF SIR SAMUEL LUKE Scoutmaster to the Earl Of Essex 1642 – 1644 Transcribed and Edited with an Introduction by I. G. Philip M.A. Secretary of the Bodleian Library Oxford JOURNAL OF SIR SAMUEL LUKE ii JOURNAL OF SIR SAMUEL LUKE This paper was originally published in 3 parts by the Oxfordshire Record Society between 1950 and 1953 Sir Samuel Luke, eldest son of Sir Oliver Luke, of Woodend, Bedfordshire, is probably best known as the supposed original of Butler's Hudibras, and is referred to in the key to Hudibras attributed to Roger L'Estrange as "a self-conceited commander under Oliver Cromwell" But Luke, whose reputation has suffered from this attribution, was neither a foolish nor an ineffectual figure.1 He represented Bedford borough in the Short Parliament of 1640 and in the Long Parliament, and then when Civil War broke out, as a member of the Presbyterian party, he joined the Parliamentary forces. From 30th July 1642 he was captain of a troop of horse and fought with his troop at Edgehill. Then on 4th January 1643 he was commissioned by the Earl of Essex to raise a troop of dragoons in Bedfordshire. With this troop Luke accompanied Essex from Windsor to Reading, was present at the siege of Reading, 15th-25th April,2 and then moved to the region of Thame where Essex established his headquarters in June. Here, at Chinnor, on 18th June Luke's troop was routed by Prince Rupert, but Luke himself, who was absent from the Chinnor fight, fought with Hampden at Chalgrove field on the same day, and distinguished himself by his courage.
    [Show full text]
  • Christianities in the Trans-Atlantic World, 1500–1800
    Christianities in the Trans-Atlantic World, 1500–1800 Series Editors Professor Crawford Gribben, Queen’s University Belfast, UK Dr R. Scott Spurlock, University of Glasgow, UK Lady Mico’s almshouses near St Dunstan’s church, Stepney (nineteenth-century watercolour by an unknown artist); reproduced by courtesy of the Mercers’ Company. Ariel Hessayon Editor Jane Lead and her Transnational Legacy Editor Ariel Hessayon Department of History Goldsmiths, University of London London, United Kingdom Christianities in the Trans-Atlantic World, 1500–1800 ISBN 978-1-137-39613-6 ISBN 978-1-137-39614-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/978-1-137-39614-3 Library of Congress Control Number: XXXXXXXXXX © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2016 The author(s) has/have asserted their right(s) to be identified as the author(s) of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication.
    [Show full text]
  • William Walwyn 49 Before the Levellers: Some Considerations… 53 the Power of Love 62 a Still and Soft Voice… 84 1647-1649; the End of the Levellers 104
    INTERJECTIONS OF SILENCE: THE POETICS AND POLITICS OF RADICAL PROTESTANT WRITING 1642-1660 by PETER RICHARD PICK A thesis submitted to The University of Birmingham for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department of Humanities School of English The University of Birmingham August 2000 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. DEDICATION To my Father, who understands all this so much better than I. Acknowledgements I would like to thank the Post-Graduate Team and English Department at The University of Birmingham; Mary-Jo Clogg, Librarian at Woodbrooke Quaker Studies Centre; Malcolm Coulthard; and especially Tony Davies for his good humour and encouragement. This research was funded partly by the Arts and Humanities Research Board of the British Academy, and partly by Birmingham University. CONTENTS SECTION PAGE INTRODUCTION 1 WILLIAM WALWYN 49 BEFORE THE LEVELLERS: SOME CONSIDERATIONS… 53 THE POWER OF LOVE 62 A STILL AND SOFT VOICE… 84 1647-1649; THE END OF THE LEVELLERS 104 ABIEZER COPPE 108 SOME SWEET SIPS OF SOME SPIRITUAL WINE 110 A FIERY FLYING ROLL 166 RETRACTION AND RETRENCHMENT 168 DIVINE FIRE-WORKS 195 COPPE CONCLUSION 216 1650-1656 225 JAMES NAYLER 227 RANTERS & QUAKERS 238 QUAKER POETICS 241 A DISCOVERIE OF FAITH 260 NAYLER VERSUS BAXTER 284 CONCLUSION 342 BIBLIOGRAPHY I-XXI ILLUSTRATION Woodcut from Divine Fire-Works, Abiezer Coppe, (1657) (facing page) 195 ABBREVIATIONS AND REFERENCES C.R.W.
    [Show full text]