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At the Nexus of Nationalism and Islamism: Seyyid Ahmet Arvasi and the Intellectual History of Conservative Nationalism
At the Nexus of Nationalism and Islamism: Seyyid Ahmet Arvasi and the Intellectual History of Conservative Nationalism Tasha Duberstein A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree for Master of the Arts University of Washington 2020 Committee Selim Sırrı Kuru Arbella Bet-Shlimon Program authorized to offer degree: The Henry M. Jackson School of International Studies 1 © Copyright 2020 Tasha Duberstein 2 University of Washington Abstract At the Nexus of Nationalism and Islamism: Seyyid Ahmet Arvasi and the Intellectual History of Conservative Nationalism Tasha Duberstein Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Selim Sırrı Kuru Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations This paper offers an analysis of the work of Seyyid Ahmet Arvasi (1932-1988); a highly influential yet understudied ultranationalist intellectual, whose synthesis of Turkish nationalism and Islamism provided the ideological framework for the current Islamist-nationalist ruling alliance in Turkish politics. A prolific author, poet, scholar, and propagandist, Arvasi's Türk-İslam Ülküsü (Turkish-Islamic Ideal) was integral to the formulation of conservative nationalism; a form of cultural and religious nationalism which frames national and religious identity as indivisible and mutually constitutive. However, despite Arvasi's significant contribution to the evolution of conservative nationalism, he remains a relatively obscure intellectual outside of ultranationalist circles, and his work is largely ignored in contemporary histories of political ideology. This study reexamines Ahmet Arvasi's work in tandem with the inception of conservative nationalism and the ascendancy of extremist politics, and concludes that his ideological legacy was fundamental to the consolidation of a right-wing bloc perennially represented by Islamists and nationalists. -
Doktor Abdullah Cevdet'te Din Algısı
Demir / Doktor Abdullah Cevdet’te Din Algısı Doktor Abdullah Cevdet’te Din Algısı Osman Demir* Öz: Osmanlı coğrafyasında Batı kaynaklı akımların hızla yayılmaya başladığı bir dönemde yaşa- yan Abdullah Cevdet, savunduğu fikirler ve bunları ifade etme biçimiyle çokça tartışılan kişilerden biridir. Dindar bir ailede dünyaya gelmekle birlikte zamanla materyalizme kayan Abdullah Cevdet, fikirlerini yaymak için telif ve çeviri faaliyetine girişmiş ve bu süreç, onun din algısının şekillenme- sinde etkili olmuştur. Onun din hakkındaki görüşleri, iç dünyasındaki dalgalanmalara ve dönemin şartlarına bağlı olarak da değişmektedir. Abdullah Cevdet’in pratik dindarlığın sorunlarına yöne- lik görünen eleştirileri, dinin en temel kavramlarını sorgulayan ve bunlar üzerinde ciddi şüpheler uyandıran bir noktaya varmaktadır. Bu nedenle, hem yaşadığı dönemde hem de sonrasında din- sizlikle itham edilen Cevdet, materyalizmin ülkeye girmesine önayak olan isimlerin başında gös- terilmiştir. Cevdet’in, bilimsel maddeciliğe ulaşmak için dini bir araç olarak kullanıp İslam dininin içeriğinden yararlandığı, ayrıca dine değil, taassuba ve dinin yanlış uygulamalarına karşı oldu- ğuna dair birtakım görüşler de ileri sürülmüştür. Bu makalede, yaptığı çalışmalarla Cumhuriyet dönemi din politikalarını ve toplumun din anlayışını önemli ölçüde etkileyen Abdullah Cevdet’in din algısı, başlıklar halinde ele alınacak; onun, dinî konu ve kavramlar üzerinde ciddi tereddütlere ve yıkıcı etkilere sebebiyet veren bir sorgulama tarzını benimsediği gösterilecektir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Abdullah Cevdet, Materyalizm, Din, Batılılaşma. Abstract: Doctor Abdullah Cevdet, who lived in a period in which trends of western origin were spreading rapidly in the Ottoman territory, is among the individuals who have been frequently discussed because of the ideas he defended and the manner in which he expressed them. Even though he was born into a devout family, he turned towards materialism and translated many works to Turkish, aiming to spread his views. -
Mustafa Kemal Paşa Tarafından Ali Fuad Paşaya Gönderilen Bazı Telgraf, Tebliğ Ve Yazışmalar-(I)*
Ankara Üniversitesi Türk İnkılâp Tarihi Enstitüsü Atatürk Yolu Dergisi S 33-34, Mayıs-Kasım 2004, s. 217-240 Mustafa Kemal Paşa Tarafından Ali Fuad Paşaya Gönderilen Bazı Telgraf, Tebliğ ve Yazışmalar-(I)* Mustafa TOK ER" Mondros Mütarekesi (30 Ekim 1918) imzalandıktan sonra İtilaf devletlerinin Mütarekenin 7. maddesi doğrultusunda Türk topraklarını işgale başlaması üzerine ülkede bölgesel direniş hareketleri başlamıştır. Önceleri bölgesel nitelik taşıyan direniş, Mustafa Kemal'in Anadolu'ya geçmesi ile örgütlü hale getirilmiş ve ulusal bir mücadeleye dönüşmüştür. Mustafa Kemal, Samsun'a çıkmadan önce Makedonya'dan başlayarak birlikte hareket ettikleri subaylardan oluşan çekirdek kadro ile (Rauf (Orbay), Ali Fethi (Okyar), Kazım Karabekir, Ali Fuat (Cebesoy), İsmet (İnönü)) devletin içinde bulunduğu durumdan kurtulması konusunda görüşmeler yapmış ve son çözüm olarak Anadolu'ya geçilmesi gerektiğine karar vermiştir. Mustafa Kemal Anadolu'ya geçtikten sonra en büyük desteği Erzurum'da 15. Kolordu Komutanı Kazım Karabekir ve Ankara'daki 20. Kolordu Komutanı Ali Fuat Paşadan almıştır. Mustafa Kemal'in Anadolu'daki faaliyetlerini aydınlatması açısından, her iki kolordu komutanı ile yapılan görüşmeler son derece önemlidir. Türk İnkılap Tarihi Enstitüsü Arşivinde bulunan ve Ali Fuat Cebesoy'a ait koleksiyon içerisinde yer alan Mustafa Kemal Paşaya ait bazı telgraf, tebliğ ve yazışmaları içeren belgeler de aynı döneme ait önemli bilgileri içermektedir. Bu koleksiyonda bulunan belgelerin bir kısmı bu çalışmada yer almaktadır. Çalışmada yer alan belgeler genel olarak: Kongre murahhaslarının yola çıkması; Mustafa Kemal'in milli bağımsızlık için tüm mevcudiyetiyle çalışacağına dair söz vermesi; Rumeli'ye ait şifrelerin Dersaadet'te kontrol edildiğinden şüphelenildiği; Erzurum'da Kazım Karabekir ile yapılan görüşme sonucunda dahili vaziyetin iyi olduğu; Bolşeviklik ve Kafkasya ile ilgili bilgiler; Kongrede Mustafa Kemal Paşa tarafından Ali Fuad Paşa'ya gönderilen telgraf, tebliğ ve yazışmaların ikinci bölümü derginin izleyen sayısında yayımlanacaktır. -
Preparing for Dr Patrick Graham on Contemporary Islamic Theology We Recommend the Following
Preparing for Dr Patrick Graham on Contemporary Islamic Theology we recommend the following. OPEN LETTER TO POPE BENEDICT XVI OCTOBER 4TH, 2006 WRITTEN AND SIGNED BY LEADING MUSLIM SCHOLARS AND LEADERS IN RESPONSE TO POPE BENEDICT XVI’S REMARKS ON ISLAM AT THE REGENSBURG LECTURE ON SEPTEMBER 12, 2006 In the Name of God, the Compassionate, the Merciful, And may Peace and Blessings be upon the Prophet Muhammad OPEN LETTER TO HIS HOLINESS POPE BENEDICT XVI In the Name of God, the Compassionate, the Merciful, Do not contend with people of the Book except in the fairest way . (The Holy Qur’an, al-Ankabuty 29:46). YOUR HOLINESS, WITH REGARDS TO YOUR LECTURE AT THE University of Regensburg in Germany on September 12th 2006, we thought it appropriate, in the spirit of open exchange, to address your use of a debate between the Emperor Manuel II Paleologus and a “learned Persian” as the starting point for a discourse on the relationship between reason and faith. While we applaud your efforts to oppose the dominance of positivism and materialism in human life, we must point out some errors in the way you mentioned Islam as a counterpoint to the proper use of reason, as well as some mistakes in the assertions you put forward in support of your argument. THERE IS NO COMPULSION IN RELIGION You mention that “according to the experts” the verse which begins, There is no compulsion in religion (al-Baqarah 2:256) is from the early period when the Prophet “was still powerless and under threat,” but this is incorrect. -
Manifestation of Religious Authority on the Internet: Presentation of Twelver Shiite Authority in the Persian Blogosphere By
Manifestation of Religious Authority on the Internet: Presentation of Twelver Shiite Authority in the Persian Blogosphere by Narges Valibeigi A thesis presented to the University of Waterloo in fulfilment of the thesis requirement for the degree of Master of Arts in Sociology Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 2012 © Narges Valibeigi 2012 Author’s Declaration I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. This is a true copy of the thesis, including any required final revisions, as accepted by my examiners. I understand that my thesis may be made electronically available to the public. Narges Valibeigi ii Abstract Cyberspace has diversified and pluralized people’s daily experiences of religion in unprecedented ways. By studying several websites and weblogs that have a religious orientation, different layers of religious authority including “religious hierarchy, structures, ideology, and sources” (Campbell, 2009) can be identified. Also, using Weber’s definition of the three types of authority, “rational-legal, traditional, and charismatic” (1968), the specific type of authority that is being presented on blogosphere can be recognized. The Internet presents a level of liberty for the discussion of sensitive topics in any kind of religious cyberspace, specifically the Islamic one. In this way, the Internet is expanding the number and range of Muslim voices, which may pose problems for traditional forms of religious authority or may suggest new forms of authority in the Islamic world. The interaction between the Internet and religion is often perceived as contradictory, especially when it is religion at its most conservative practice. While the international and national applications of the Internet have increased vastly, local religious communities, especially fundamentalists, perceived this new technology as a threat to their local cultures and practices. -
Bosnian Muslim Reformists Between the Habsburg and Ottoman Empires, 1901-1914 Harun Buljina
Empire, Nation, and the Islamic World: Bosnian Muslim Reformists between the Habsburg and Ottoman Empires, 1901-1914 Harun Buljina Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2019 © 2019 Harun Buljina All rights reserved ABSTRACT Empire, Nation, and the Islamic World: Bosnian Muslim Reformists between the Habsburg and Ottoman Empires, 1901-1914 Harun Buljina This dissertation is a study of the early 20th-century Pan-Islamist reform movement in Bosnia-Herzegovina, tracing its origins and trans-imperial development with a focus on the years 1901-1914. Its central figure is the theologian and print entrepreneur Mehmed Džemaludin Čaušević (1870-1938), who returned to his Austro-Hungarian-occupied home province from extended studies in the Ottoman lands at the start of this period with an ambitious agenda of communal reform. Čaušević’s project centered on tying his native land and its Muslim inhabitants to the wider “Islamic World”—a novel geo-cultural construct he portrayed as a viable model for communal modernization. Over the subsequent decade, he and his followers founded a printing press, standardized the writing of Bosnian in a modified Arabic script, organized the country’s Ulema, and linked these initiatives together in a string of successful Arabic-script, Ulema-led, and theologically modernist print publications. By 1914, Čaušević’s supporters even brought him to a position of institutional power as Bosnia-Herzegovina’s Reis-ul-Ulema (A: raʾīs al-ʿulamāʾ), the country’s highest Islamic religious authority and a figure of regional influence between two empires. -
Islamic Ethics in Australian Muslim Everyday Life: a Shi’Ite Perspective Mohamad Younes
Islamic Ethics in Australian Muslim Everyday Life: A Shi’ite Perspective Mohamad Younes Master’s Thesis in Sociology Spring Term 2017 Humanities and Communication Arts Western Sydney University 1 17481784 Mohamad Younes 2 17481784 Mohamad Younes ABSTRACT Despite the strong emphasis on ethics within the Islamic tradition, Islamic ethics itself is scarcely represented as a discipline within academic scholarship (Ansari 1989). Even within this area, Islamic ethics have predominantly been studied from Sunni perspectives, with little attention being paid to Shi’ite or other minority understandings. This thesis will, therefore, use qualitative data collection methods of semi-structured in-depth interviews and focus groups, to sociologically study the perceptions, understandings, and applications of Islamic ethics in Australian Shi’ite Muslim everyday living. It will investigate the overarching understanding of Islamic ethics and its specific application in Australian Shi’ite Muslim context. The project's objective, therefore, is twofold: one to strengthen Islamic ethics as an independent discipline; and two to address the scant attention Shi’ite Islamic ethics has received in Islamic ethics scholarship generally. Conceptually, this project will contribute to the understanding of Islamic ethics through a particular analysis of Shi’ite Islamic ethics in an Australian Shi’ite context. This is significant as specific understandings of Islamic ethics in certain contexts help to explain how minority groups such as Shi’ite Muslims develop their own ethical standards to shape social relations in society. In addition, this thesis argues for Shi’ite Islamic ethics to be highly Imamate based; that is, very reliant on the actions and sayings of 12 divinely guided Imams (leaders). -
M. Kemal Atatürk's Homesickness for Thessaloniki, His City of Birth
ISSN 1712-8358[Print] Cross-Cultural Communication ISSN 1923-6700[Online] Vol. 12, No. 9, 2016, pp. 1-9 www.cscanada.net DOI:10.3968/8785 www.cscanada.org M. Kemal Atatürk’s Homesickness for Thessaloniki, His City of Birth Sinan Çaya[a],* [a]Ph.D., Boğaziçi University, Institute of Environmental Sciences, always been prone to hero-worshipping ever since the era Istanbul, Turkey. of successive glorious sultans) invariably consider him *Corresponding author. supra-human! Received 14 June 2016; accepted 19 August 2016 [At the end of the First World War, The Mudros] Published online 26 September 2016 armistice obligated the Ottoman military to demobilize its combat units quickly, the actual demobilization Abstract proceeded slowly and came to a full stop with the start of As Atatürk, the founder of Modern Turkey, grew older; a new war—this time to save what was remained of the he more and more missed his home-city Salonika and its empire in 1919-1921—against Greek, French, Italian, and surroundings. The loss of his home-city during the Balkan Armenian forces. Wars further aggravated his passionate nostalgia. Some of A new generation of combat-tested battlefield his behavior patterns as narrated in history, reveal us his commanders, under the supreme leadership of Mustafa homesickness openly. On various occasions; the meals, Kemal Pasha, found a willing audience within the ranks the accent, and the entire culture of his region with its of the postwar Ottoman military. Most of the surviving songs and ballads; always moved the spirit in him, deeply. Ottoman officers (including reserves and retirees), as well Despite his deliberate emphasis of his logic most of the as the conscripts, were drawn to the nationalist cause (Uyar time, in reality, he was a man full of tender feelings. -
394Ff57e71b60eca7e10344e37c4c9fc.Pdf
global history of the present Series editor | Nicholas Guyatt In the Global History of the Present series, historians address the upheavals in world history since 1989, as we have lurched from the Cold War to the War on Terror. Each book considers the unique story of an individual country or region, refuting grandiose claims of ‘the end of history’, and linking local narratives to international developments. Lively and accessible, these books are ideal introductions to the contemporary politics and history of a diverse range of countries. By bringing a historical perspective to recent debates and events, from democracy and terrorism to nationalism and globalization, the series challenges assumptions about the past and the present. Published Thabit A. J. Abdullah, Dictatorship, Imperialism and Chaos: Iraq since 1989 Timothy Cheek, Living with Reform: China since 1989 Alexander Dawson, First World Dreams: Mexico since 1989 Padraic Kenney, The Burdens of Freedom: Eastern Europe since 1989 Stephen Lovell, Destination in Doubt: Russia since 1989 Alejandra Bronfman, On the Move: The Caribbean since 1989 Nivedita Menon and Aditya Nigam, Power and Contestation: India since 1989 Hyung Gu Lynn, Bipolar Orders: The Two Koreas since 1989 Bryan McCann, The Throes of Democracy: Brazil since 1989 Mark LeVine, Impossible Peace: Israel/Palestine since 1989 James D. Le Sueur, Algeria since 1989: Between Terror and Democracy Kerem Öktem, Turkey since 1989: Angry Nation Nicholas Guyatt is assistant professor of history at Simon Fraser University in Canada. About the author Kerem Öktem is research fellow at the European Studies Centre, St Antony’s College, and teaches the politics of the Middle East at the Oriental Institute. -
Islamism and Totalitarianism Jeffrey M
This article was downloaded by: [Bale, Jeffrey M.] On: 17 December 2009 Access details: Access Details: [subscription number 917909397] Publisher Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37- 41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/title~content=t713636813 Islamism and Totalitarianism Jeffrey M. Bale a a Monterey Terrorism Research and Education Program and Graduate School of International Policy Studies, Monterey Institute of International Studies, USA Online publication date: 17 December 2009 To cite this Article Bale, Jeffrey M.(2009) 'Islamism and Totalitarianism', Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions, 10: 2, 73 — 96 To link to this Article: DOI: 10.1080/14690760903371313 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14690760903371313 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Full terms and conditions of use: http://www.informaworld.com/terms-and-conditions-of-access.pdf This article may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, re-distribution, re-selling, loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material. -
The 21 Century New Muslim Generation Converts in Britain And
The 21st Century New Muslim Generation Converts in Britain and Germany Submitted by Caroline Neumueller to the University of Exeter as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Arab and Islamic Studies October 2012 1 2 Abstract The dissertation focuses on the conversion experiences and individual processes of twenty-four native British Muslim converts and fifty-two native German Muslim converts, based on personal interviews and completed questionnaires between 2008 and 2010. It analyses the occurring similarities and differences among British and German Muslim converts, and puts them into relation to basic Islamic requirements of the individual, and in the context of their respective social settings. Accordingly, the primary focus is placed on the changing behavioural norms in the individual process of religious conversion concerning family and mixed-gender relations and the converts’ attitudes towards particularly often sensitive and controversial topics. My empirical research on this phenomenon was guided by many research questions, such as: What has provoked the participants to convert to Islam, and what impact and influence does their conversion have on their (former and primarily) non-Muslim environment? Do Muslim converts tend to distance themselves from their former lifestyles and change their social behavioural patterns, and are the objectives and purposes that they see themselves having in the given society directed to them being: bridge-builders or isolators? The topic of conversion to Islam, particularly within Western non-Muslim societies is a growing research phenomenon. At the same time, there has only been little contribution to the literature that deals with comparative analyses of Muslim converts in different countries. -
Illiberal Media and Popular Constitution-Making in Turkey
University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Communication Department Faculty Publication Series Communication 2020 Illiberal Media and Popular Constitution-Making in Turkey Burcu Baykurt Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/communication_faculty_pubs 1 Illiberal Media and Popular Constitution Making in Turkey 1. Introduction Popular constitution making, a process that allows for public participation as opposed to a handful of elites writing a fundamental social contract behind closed doors and imposing it on the rest of society, is tricky. It sounds like a noble idea in theory, but it is difficult to execute effectively, efficiently, and, most importantly, democratically. Even trickier are the roles of publicity and media in popular constitution making. What are the consequences of reporting during the drafting of a new constitution? In what ways could the media lend legitimacy to the process by informing the public and incorporating public opinion into the drafting of a constitution? Coupled with the rise of new media technologies, an ideal of participatory constitution making (and an active role for the media) may seem desirable, not to mention attainable, but there are myriad ways to participate, and basing a constitution on popular opinion could easily devolve into a majority of 50 percent plus one that imposes its will on the rest. The bare minimum, ideally, is to expect journalists to report on facts without bowing to political or economic pressures, but even that is easier said than done. For which audiences are these journalistic facts intended? For those leaders drafting the new constitution or the public at large? These are not easy questions to answer empirically, not only because media and communications are often neglected in studies of constitution making, but also because the relationship between the two is hard to ascertain precisely.