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The Military and Kenya's Big Four Agenda: the Case Of THE MILITARY AND KENYA’S BIG FOUR AGENDA: THE CASE OF INFRASTRUCTURE BY ERICK JOHN ODUOR UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY - AFRICA SUMMER 2019 THE MILITARY AND KENYA’S BIG FOUR AGENDA: THE CASE OF INFRASTRUCTURE BY ERICK JOHN ODUOR UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY - AFRICA A Thesis Submitted to the School of Arts & Science in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in International Relations. SUMMER 2019 STUDENT’S DECLARATION I, the undersigned, declare that this is my original work and has not been submitted to any other college or university other than the United States International University - Africa for academic credit. Signed: ................................................. Date: ......................................... ERICK JOHN ODUOR (654907) STUDENT This thesis has been submitted for examination with my approval as university supervisor. Signed: …………………………………… Date: …………………………. MR. GEORGE KABONGAH SUPERVISOR Signed: …………………………………… Date: …………………………. PROF. MARTIN NJOROGE DEAN, SCHOOL OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES Signed: …………………………………… Date: …………………………. AMBASSADOR PROF. RUTHIE RONO DEPUTY VICE CHANCELLOR ACADEMIC AND STUDENT AFFAIRS ii COPYRIGHT All rights reserved. No part of this dissertation report may be photocopied, recorded or otherwise reproduced, stored in retrieval system or transmitted in any electronic or mechanical means without prior permission of USIU-A or the author. iii ABSTRACT The Big Four Agenda are Kenya’s President, Uhuru Kenyatta, development agenda from 2018 to 2022 focused on raising the standard of living of Kenyans and promoting a strong, inclusive, economic growth in line with Vision 2030 of Kenya. This paper studied the Role of the Kenya Military in the Achievement of Kenya’s Big Four Agenda with a primary focus on enhancing infrastructure. The primary purpose of any military is National Defence. A State’s military in the past was charged with the responsibility of protecting the State from external aggression and in most cases, it was against other states. Globalization has brought about new dimensions of threats, mainly considered Human Centric threats to security that requires a paradigm shift in the way they are handled. This means that the military is presently tasked to engage in activities that are considered a deviation from the traditional roles that it was accustomed to. In this study, an analysis of opportunities for Kenya Military to participate in economic development, assessment of the role that Kenya Military has played in the past in enhancing infrastructural development and identification of opportunities, in particular infrastructure development, that are there in Kenya and would largely enable the realization of Kenya’s Big Four Agenda. It was established that the military possesses considerable capability for rapid response and may therefore be called upon to assist in the event of disaster response. Following this study, it is recommended that that the government should engage the military more by increasing the mandate of KDF to encompass infrastructure development. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I gladly acknowledge United States International University - Africa for offering me the opportunity to carry out this study. My sincere gratitude goes to Mr George Kabongah for his personal authority and encouragement in the study. I feel indebted to the USIU - Africa Staff who supported me in the preparation and binding of the paper. My thanks to the School of Humanities, USIU-Africa for imparting the basic knowledge and direction in the field of International Relations. Special thanks to my supervisor, Mr George Kabongah, for his guidance without which the work would have been more difficult. Special thanks to my wife, Mercy, children Jeremy and Lucas for their unwavering support. Finally, I thank all the other persons who helped me with one thing or the other to facilitate this study, accept my appreciation. v DEDICATION To my mum Ruth Achieng Odero, my lovely wife Mercy Gatwiri Kieni, and Sons Jeremy Chavivi Oduor and Lucas Seth Oduor. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS STUDENT’S DECLARATION ........................................................................................... II COPYRIGHT ....................................................................................................................... III ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................................... IV ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................................... V DEDICATION ...................................................................................................................... VI TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................... VII LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................ X LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................. XI MAPS .................................................................................................................................. XII LIST OF PHOTOGRAPHS ............................................................................................. XIII ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ......................................................................... XIV INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background of the Study ............................................................................................. 1 1.2 Statement of the Problem ............................................................................................. 7 1.3 Overall Objective ......................................................................................................... 8 1.4 Specific Objectives ...................................................................................................... 8 1.5 Research Questions ...................................................................................................... 9 1.6 Justification of the Study ............................................................................................. 9 1.7 Scope .......................................................................................................................... 11 vii 1.8 Limitations ................................................................................................................. 13 1.9 Assumptions .............................................................................................................. 13 LITERATURE REVIEW........................................................................................ 14 2.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 14 2.2 Military and Economic Development ........................................................................ 14 2.3 Military and Infrastructure Development .................................................................. 21 2.4 Military Involvement in Infrastructure Development towards realization of the Big Four Agenda ........................................................................................................................... 22 2.5 Ethiopian Defence Industrial Base ............................................................................ 23 2.6 Singapore Defence Industries .................................................................................... 26 2.7 Philippines Defence Industry ..................................................................................... 29 2.8 Summary of Literature and Gaps Identified .............................................................. 32 2.9 Theoretical Framework .............................................................................................. 33 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ........................................................................... 36 3.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 36 3.2 Study Area ................................................................................................................. 36 3.3 Research design ......................................................................................................... 36 3.4 Sampling Procedure and Size .................................................................................... 37 3.5 Data Collection and Tools .......................................................................................... 38 3.6 Quality Control Criteria for handling Qualitative Data ............................................. 39 3.7 Data Analysis and Tools ............................................................................................ 40 3.8 Ethical considerations ................................................................................................ 43 viii FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION ............................................................................. 45 4.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 45 4.2 Military and Economic Development ........................................................................ 47 4.3 Military and Infrastructure Development .................................................................
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