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The Art of the Documentary the Art of the Documentary Fifteen Conversations with Leading Directors, Cinematographers, Editors, and Producers

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The Art of the Documentary the Art of the Documentary Fifteen Conversations with Leading Directors, Cinematographers, Editors, and Producers Spine = 0.678 in. The Art of the The Art of the SECOND EDITION Documentary Documentary Megan Cunningham Fifteen Conversations with Leading Directors, Cinematographers, Editors, and Producers With a foreword by Oscar®-winning director Barbara Kopple (Harlan County, U.S.A., Wild Man Blues) The Art of the Documentary Fifteen Conversations with Leading Directors, Cinematographers, Editors, and Producers 2nd edition Megan Cunningham The Art of the Documentary,Second Edition Fifteen Conversations with Leading Directors, Cinematographers, Editors, and Producers Megan Cunningham New Riders www.newriders.com Find us on the Web at www.peachpit.com. To report errors, please send a note to [email protected] New Riders is an imprint of Peachpit, a division of Pearson Education. Copyright © 2014 by Megan Cunningham Editor: Douglas Cruickshank New Riders Editors: Marjorie Baer, Karyn Johnson Production Editors: Hilal Sala, Tracey Croom Copy Editor: Doug Adrianson Compositors: Kim Scott, Danielle Foster Photo Editor: Annie Young Frisbie Indexer: Rebecca Plunkett Cover design: Mimi Heft Interior design: Mimi Heft with Kim Scott Notice of Rights All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. For information on getting permission for reprints and excerpts, contact [email protected]. Notice of Liability The information in this book is distributed on an “As Is” basis, without warranty. While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of the book, neither the author nor Peachpit shall have any liability to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damage caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by the instructions contained in this book or by the computer software and hardware products described in it. Trademarks Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and Peachpit was aware of a trademark claim, the designations appear as requested by the owner of the trademark. All other product names and services identified throughout this book are used in editorial fashion only and for the benefit of such companies with no intention of infringement of the trademark. No such use, or the use of any trade name, is intended to convey endorsement or other affiliation with this book. ISBN-13: 978-0-321-98192-9 ISBN-10: 0-321-98192-8 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Printed and bound in the United States of America This book is dedicated to Larry Silk, A.C.E., a generous mentor to so many, who taught me a deep respect for the craft, to enjoy the rewards of creative work, and to maintain integrity above all else. iv The Art of the Documentary Table of Contents Foreword, by Barbara Kopple ................................................viii Are Documentaries Art? ........................................................2 Directing ...................................................................8 Ken Burns Inhabiting History ...............................................12 Errol Morris Revealing Unexpected Realities ...............................46 D A Pennebaker and Chris Hegedus Capturing Character .................74 Lauren Lazin Making Television with a Conscience ....................... 108 Cinematography. 136 Kirsten Johnson Searching the Frame, Exposing a Vision ................. 140 Buddy Squires Seeing Intelligently ....................................... 166 Albert Maysles Being Present and Experiencing .......................... 194 Editing. .226 Geof Bartz Crafting Cinematic Television ................................. 230 Paula Heredia Finding Structure, Inventing Form ......................... 260 Larry Silk Using the Mystery of What Comes Next ........................ 286 Producing ...............................................................328 Sheila Nevins Collaborating with Directors ............................... 330 Lauren Lazin Pitching and Television Coproduction ...................... 342 Alison Palmer Bourke Producing Independent Visions ................... 348 Cara Mertes Showcasing Independent Voices ............................ 358 Frazer Pennebaker Sustaining Documentary Production ................ 366 Appendix ................................................................... 388 Index ....................................................................... 392 Acknowledgments This book project, like the films it discusses, was a true collaboration. Each person who consented to be interviewed for The Art of the Documentary far exceeded the conventional expectations of such involvement. All were extraordi- narily generous in donating time and insights to help me create this book, and it was remarkable to witness their connection to the subject—digging through boxes in attics to uncover rare photos, pursuing long-forgotten factual information, and allowing me to conduct follow-up conversations. Their support of my project was a great compliment to me, and their devotion to documentary filmmaking is a gift to readers. For the first edition printing of this book, at Peachpit/New Riders, I’d like to thank senior executive editor Marjorie Baer, who enthusiastically participated in my early brainstorming and championed this book throughout. Marjorie was a rare person: a caring listener and an acquisitions editor willing to take a risk for a project she believed in. Without her creativity, guidance, and support, it is unlikely that we would have embarked on the current book beyond the original concept. I’d also like to thank product marketing manager Damon Hampson and publicist Sara Jane Todd, who handle a remarkable number of book marketing initiatives with grace and a personal touch. Copy editor Doug Adrianson deserves a medal for his fast, meticulous work. Designer Mimi Heft, production editor Hilal Sala, compositor Kim Scott, and manufacturing manager Jenny Collins are the invisible hands who made the book you’re holding so beautiful. Here in New York, I was assisted by another remarkable group. My creative research and licensing team—Wendy Cohen, Jessica Buritica, and Stacey Sperling—provided the necessary foundation on which the entire book was built. Throughout the six-month interview process, my transcriber Jamie Pastor Bolnick—an accomplished author in her own right—was on call virtually all hours of the day and night. I received daily encouragement from my own production company, Magnet Media. Dave Marcus, Dylan Lorenz, Jessica Buritica, Colin Yu, William Johnson, Bill Ehrlich, Lisa Snyder, Monique Nijhout, Heidi Muhleman, Dan Lafferty, and Dalmar James all inspired me throughout the long hours of this project, and they continue to make every working day more gratifying. vi The Art of the Documentary There are a of number people in the film, television, and media industry who may not see their contributions directly reflected in this text, but who have pro- vided me with the confidence to take on a project of this scale and ambition. I’d like to thank just a few: Alex Juhasz, Trina Quagliaroli, Barbara Kopple, Richard Pena, Kirk Paulsen, Brian Schmidt, Jonathan Franzen, Lynn True, Ellen Kuras, Reid Rosefelt, Sharon Sklar, Edet Belzberg, Haskell Wexler, Carol Dysinger, Terry Ragan, Dion Scopettulo, Garrett Rice, Ferida Nydam, Paul Saccone, Brian Meaney, Greg Niles, Michael Pinkman, Eric Thomas, Michael Wong, Bill Hudson, Susan Marshall, Patty Montesion, Michael Horton, Cheryl Adler, Kristan Jiles, Mark Cokes, Steve Kilisky, Steve Bayes, Daniel Brown, Ted Schilowitz, Dave Tecson, Terry Lawler, Linda Kahn, Michelle Materre, Marcie Setlow, Alan Oxman, Jean Tsien, Patty White, Scott Greenberg, Pola Rappaport, Julian Hobbs, Chris Trent, Christine Mitsogiorgakis, Evan Schechtman, Matthew Cohen, Inger Lund, Bill Werde, Heather Moore, Kim Reid, Kira Pollack, the Debevoises, Doug Sayles, Stephanie Kwok, Kenrick Cato, and Dominic Milano. My photo editor and assistant, Annie Frisbie, put tireless effort and creative par- ticipation into this project. I only wish I’d known to bring her on board sooner. Her contributions are visible on every page, from securing permissions for every image, to checking every fact and every caption. Annie is also a gifted filmmaker, writer, and teacher. The true hero of this project was my immensely talented editor, Douglas Cruickshank. From his first day on the book until the last, he lent me personal advice and expert guidance, sharing seasoned professional practices. Beyond the scope of traditional editing, he helped hone my interview process, shared his inti- mate familiarity with the film industry, and with his uncommon wit and depend- able instincts, made even the daunting parts of the production enjoyable. My gratitude to him is beyond words. Finally, every time I undertake a new project, my parents, friends, and family inev- itably see more potential than I can imagine fulfilling. I rely on this network more than any other, and I am grateful for their faith. It means everything to me. The Art of the Documentary vii Foreword BY Barbara KOPPLE For me, documentary filmmaking has always been about taking the time to go beneath the surface and find the heart of the story. Documentary filmmakers create unforgettable and entertaining films that introduce us to people we never would have known, or show us a different side of people we thought we knew already. Great nonfiction filmmakers take us
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