James Hope Moulton

io8 THE CLASSICAL REVIEW value of these is in exact proportion to cism (I am thinking of notes like that the labour spent upon understanding on 401). Citations of parallels are less the subject-matter expounded in the apt than often. The very Latin of the Introduction. In some respects the editor's notes has lost something of its text and notes evidence, I think, as old force and individuality. Yet the compared with Books I. and II., a notes as a whole have the character of falling off. Not a great many of the high scholarship for the mere reason emendations proposed in the text have, that they are based on a wide and to my mind, that ireiffavdyier) which so masterly apprehension of a tiresome often distinguishes Mr. Housman's and intricate subject. Let me add that critical conjectures. Yet I have mostly they are throughout almost impeccably the feeling that, if they do not hit the polite—the occasional snappish imper- truth, they are hammering patiently tinences which once so much delighted round it; whereas I have thought in those who were not their object are the past that Mr. Housman was apt absent. from impatience merely to knock holes 1 The critical presuppositions of Mr. in the wall. In the notes again, which Housman's text remain unaltered. accompany the text, there are fewer of Unlike the Dutch editor of the new the wide-ranging Lachmannian order, Teubner text, he still believes in the sweeping the whole field of Latin litera- independent authority of the Codex ture to establish a proposition in Gemblacensis; and he assigns to the grammar, language, orthography, criti- Venetus no more importance than, I 1 It is refreshing to see Mr. Housman now think, it deserves. The notes on 374 and again confessing himself beaten in emenda- and 399-400 suggest reflections upon tion, e.g. I2i. Occasional emendations seem the exemplars from which our extant to be in his ' early bad manner.' What proba- MSS. are derived, which I wish that Mr. bility, for example, at p. 94 has excipiunt vicibus for eius in exemplum f Of what I think are new Housman could find time to amplify. emendations the most attractive is perhaps librae at 649. H. W. GARROD.

OBITUARY JAMES HOPE MOULTON. THE ruthlessness of our enemies, un- formed in 1904; and two or three years restrained by moral scruples or humane later he became Greenwood Professor of principles, has taken from us a great Hellenistic Greek and Indo-European scholar. The ship in which Dr. Moulton Philology. was returning from India was sunk in As a scholar he gained eminence in the Mediterranean on April 7, 1917. On two subjects, the Grammar of the New the fourth day he died from exposure Testament, and Zoroastrianism. The and was buried at sea. He was only two were not so far apart as they might fifty-three, and the foul blow which has seem. It was not merely that both be- sent him to his premature death has longed to the domain of religion. That robbed us of much which he had counted for much with Moulton; indeed, planned to give us. he could have made his own the words, After a distinguished career at Cam- "O Lord, by these things men live, And bridge and the University of London, wholly therein is the life of my spirit." he became tutor at Didsbury College, But while religion always claimed from Manchester, in 1902, and my acquaint- him loving and sympathetic treatment, ance with him dates from that time. He the selection of his special fields of was appointed lecturer on the New Tes- research grew naturally out of his clas-, tament in the University of Manchester, sical studies. His interest in Compara- when the Faculty of Theology was tive Philology led him from Latin and

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 30 Sep 2021 at 11:02:51, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0009840X00008933 THE" CLASSICAL REVIEW 109 Greek to Sanscrit and Iranian, at which criticism, especially on the question of he worked under the guidance of Cowell, Semitism in the New Testament. For and from the language he passed to the what he had to say in reply I select for religion of the Avesta. His father's mention his contribution to the Cam- labours on Winer's Grammar of New bridge Biblical Essays. The Prole- Testament Greek, which he had not gomena won instant recognition. Deiss- merely translated but enriched, gave him mann was enthusiastic. Harnack in the an hereditary inclination to that sub- fourth of his Beitrdge (p. 2) pronounced ject. But his philological training gave Moulton' der beste Kenner des NTlichen him the qualification for taking up Griechisch.' The University of Berlin singlehanded the task of rewriting the made him a Doctor of Theology. The Grammar as an independent work, book was translated, with considerable which at first he hoped to accomplish in additions, into German under Thumb's co-operation with his father. auspices, none too well as Thumb bluntly His Zoroastrian studies are repre- said in his Preface. It has left its mark sented, apart from articles, by his Early on much of the exegetical and philo- Religious Poetry of Persia and his mas- logical literature published on the New sive Hibbert Lectures on Early Zoroas- Testament and the Septuagint in recent triansim. The latter are not easy for years. The second volume is in the those who have not already some know- press; how much, if any, of the third ledge of the subject; they are his con- volume, that on the Syntax, has been tribution to a debate of experts. The written I cannot at present say. In col- experts valued the book highly. The laboration with Professor Milligan he annotated translation of the Gathas planned a comprehensive work entitled forms a specially welcome feature of it; the Vocabulary of the New Testament and classical students will turn with illustrated from the Papyri and other interest to his notes on the extracts trans- non-literary Sources, and two of its six lated from Greek authors. The Biblical parts have been issued. Whether Deiss- student ought not to overlook the chap- mann's Lexicon to the New Testament ter on ' Zarathushtra and Israel' or the will ever be published is uncertain, but Appendix on 'The Magian Material of in happier days it was arranged that Tobit.' He went to India that he might Moulton should prepare an English study the religion of the Parsees, as it is edition of it. believed and practised by its adherents. To those of us who were bound to him Whether his book on this subject is in a by ties of intimate friendship and deep- condition to be published I do not know; rooted affection, who laboured with him but I understand that a series of lec- in a common task and felt a whole- tures on Zoroastrianism delivered to the hearted admiration for the man and his Parsee community has been issued in work, his premature death, and under India, and I presume will be made acces- such circumstances, is a bitter loss. sible to English readers. Straight, clean, magnanimous, generous, He won a much wider fame by the first unselfish, and free from littleness and volume of his Grammar of New Testa- jealousy, he was a friend and colleague ment Greek, containing the Prolegomena, in whom one could whofly trust. Virile which was published in 1906. It applied in character and of irreproachable in- to the Grammar what Deissmann had tegrity, he was womanly in his tender- sought to establish for the Vocabulary. ness, full of sympathy for the suffering A glance at a volume of Greek papyri and of gentleness to the weak. His had suggested to Deissmann that New ample and varied learning raised no bar- Testament Greek was not to be placed in rier between him and the illiterate, and a class by itself (the special language of the ministry he delighted to render them the Holy Ghost, as it was sometimes was neither spoiled by condescension called), but was just the ordinary spoken nor chilled by aloofness. He could and language of the day, the current non- sometimes did hit hard in controversy, literary Greek. Moulton deleted 'Hebraic but never below the belt. He had, like Greek' from his earlier definition of it. the rest of us, his intellectual limitations. The theory has naturally met with In his case it was especially his unsym-

NOTES AND NEWS THE BRITISH ACADEMY. 7. The author of the essay to which the prize is awarded will be expected to CROMER GREEK PRIZE. publish it (within a reasonable time WITH the view of maintaining and and after any necessary revision), encouraging the study of Greek, particu- either separately, or in the journals or larly among the young, in the national transactions of a society approved by interest, Lord Cromer has founded an the Academy, or among the trans- annual prize, to be administered by the actions of the Academy. British Academy, for the best essay on The Secretary of the Academy will any subject connected with the language, supply on application, to any person history, art, literature, or philosophy of qualified and desirous to compete, a Ancient Greece. list which has been drawn up of some The second annual prize, of £40, will typical subjects, for general guidance be awarded in March, 1918, under the only, and without any suggestion that following rules: one or another of these subjects should 1. Competition is open to all British be chosen, or that preference will be subjects of either sex who will be given to them over any other subject of under twenty-six years of age on De- a suitable nature. cember 31, 1917. Communications should be addressed 2. Any such person desirous of com- to 'The Secretary of the British peting must send in to the Secretary of Academy, Burlington House, Picca- the British Academy on or before dilly, London, W.' June 1, 1917, the title of the subject proposed by him or her. The Academy may approve (with or without modifica- AN important Conference of Univer- tion) or disapprove the subject; their sity representatives with Secondary decision will be intimated to the com- School teachers of the North-Eastern petitor as soon as possible. Counties took place in Newcastle-upon- 3. Preference will be given, in ap- Tyne on March 17. The Conference had proval of subjects proposed, to those been arranged by the Secondary Schools which deal with aspects of the Greek Examining Board of the University of genius and civilisation of large and Durham, with a view to securing closer permanent significance over those which co-operation between the University are of a minute or highly technical and schools in regard to the ground character. covered during the earlier stages of the 4. Any essay already published, or University curriculum and that covered already in competition for another prize during the last years at school. The of the same nature, will be inadmissible. scheme is that for every subject common 5. Essays of which the subject has to University and schools a Standing been approved must be sent in to the Committee should be formed, consisting Secretary of the Academy on or before of the University teachers concerned December 31, 1917. They must be and five representatives of boys' and typed (or, if the author prefers, printed), girls' schools; and that these Standing and should have a note attached stating Committees should meet periodically the main sources of information used. and consider questions of teaching and 6. It is recommended that the essays examination in their respective subjects, should not exceed 20,000 words, ex- while general Conferences between clusive of notes. Notes should not run University teachers and all the school to an excessive length. teachers concerned should meet at least