DOCSLIB.ORG

A Grammar of New Testament Greek: Prolegomena

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

A GRAMMAR OF NEW TESTAMENT GREEK BY JAMES HOPE MOULTON M.A. (CANTAB.), D.LIT. (LOND.) LATE FELLOW OF KING'S COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE GREENWOOD PROFESSOR OF HELLENISTIC GREEK AND INDO-EUROPEAN PHILOLOGY IN THE VICTORIA UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER TUTOR IN NEW TESTAMENT LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE WESLEYAN COLLEGE, DIDSBURY VOL. I PROLEGOMENA THIRD EDITION WITH CORRECTIONS AND ADDITIONS Digitized by Ted Hildebrandt, Gordon College, Wenham, MA March 2006 EDINBURGH: T. & T. CLARK, 38 GEORGE STREET 1908 IN PIAM MEMORIAM PATRIS LABORVM HERES DEDICO PREFACE. THE call for a second edition of this work within six or seven months of its first appearance gives me a welcome opportunity of making a good many corrections and additions, without altering in any way its general plan. Of the scope of these new features I shall have something to say later; at this point I have to explain the title-page, from which certain words have disappeared, not without great reluctance on my part. The statement in the first edition that the book was "based on W. F. Moulton's edition of G. B. Winer's Grammar," claimed for it connexion with a work which for thirty-five years had been in constant use among New Testament students in this country and elsewhere. I should hardly have yielded this statement for excision, had not the suggestion come from one whose motives for retaining it are only less strong than my own. Sir John Clark, whose kindness throughout the progress of this work it is a special pleasure to acknowledge on such an opportunity, advised me that misapprehension was fre- quently occurring with those whose knowledge of this book was limited to the title. Since the present volume is entirely new, and does not in any way follow the lines of its great predecessor it seems better to confine the history of the undertaking to the Preface, and take sole responsibility. I have unhappily no means of divining what judgement either Winer or his editor would have passed on my doctrines; and it is therefore, perhaps, due to Pietat that I should drop what Pietat mainly prompted. It is now forty years since my father, to whose memory this book is dedicated, was invited by Messrs T. & T. Clark to translate and edit G. B. Winer's epoch-making Grammatik des neutestamentliehen Spraehidioms. The proposal originated with Bishop Ellicott, afterwards Chairman of the New Testa- vii viii PREFACE. ment Revision Company, and the last survivor of a band of workers who, while the following pages were in the press, became united once more. Dr Ellicott had been in corre- spondence on biblical matters with the young Assistant Tutor at the Wesleyan Theological College, Richmond; and his estimate of his powers was shown first by the proposal as to Winer, and not long after by the Bishop's large use of my father's advice in selecting new members of the Revision Company. Mr Moulton took his place in the Jerusalem Chamber in 1870, the youngest member of the Company; and in the same year his edition of Winer appeared. My brother's Life of our father (Isbister, 1899) gives an account of its reception. It would not be seemly for me to enlarge on its merits, and it would be as superfluous as unbecoming. I will only allow myself the satisfaction of quoting a few words from one who may well be called the greatest New Testament scholar this country has seen for generations. In giving his Cambridge students a short list of reference books, Dr Hort said (Romans and Ephesians, p. 71):— Winer's Grammar of the New Testament, as translated and enlarged by Dr Moulton, stands far above every other for this purpose. It does not need many minutes to learn the ready use of the admirable indices, of passages and of subjects: and when the book is con- sulted in this manner, its extremely useful contents become in most cases readily accessible. Dr Moulton's references to the notes of the best recent English com- mentaries are a helpful addition. In 1875 Dr Moulton was transferred to Cambridge, charged by his Church with the heavy task of building up from the foundation a great Public School. What time a Head Master could spare to scholarship was for many years almost entirely pledged to the New Testament and Apocrypha Revision. Naturally it was not possible to do much to his Grammar when the second edition was called for in 1877. The third edition, five years later, was even less delayed for the incorporation of new matter; and the book stands now, in all essential points, just as it first came from its author's pen. Meanwhile the conviction was growing that the next PREFACE. edition must be a new book. Winer's own last edition, though far from antiquated, was growing decidedly old; its jubilee is in fact celebrated by its English descendant of to-day. The very thoroughness of Winer's work had made useless for the modern student many a disquisition against grammatical heresies which no one would now wish to drag from the lumber-room. The literature to which Winer appealed was largely buried in inaccessible foreign periodicals. And as the reputation of his editor grew, men asked for a more compact, better arranged, more up-to-date volume, in which the ripest and most modern work should no longer be stowed away in compressed notes at the foot of the page. Had time and strength permitted, Dr Moulton would have consulted his most cherished wish by returning to the work of his youth and rewriting his Grammar as an independent book. But "wisest Fate said No." He chose his junior col- league, to whom he had given, at first as his pupil, and afterwards during years of University training and colleague- ship in teaching, an insight into his methods and principles, and at least an eager enthusiasm for the subject to which he had devoted his own life. But not a page of the new book was written when, in February 1898, "God's finger touched him, and he slept." Since heredity does not suffice to make a grammarian, and there are many roads by which a student of New Testa- ment language may come to his task, I must add a word to explain in what special directions this book may perhaps contribute to the understanding of the inexhaustible subject with which it deals. Till four years ago, my own teaching work scarcely touched the Greek Testament, classics and com- parative philology claiming the major part of my time. But I have not felt that this time was ill spent as a prepara- tion for the teaching of the New Testament. The study of the Science of Language in general, and especially in the field of the languages which are nearest of kin to Greek, is well adapted to provide points of view from which new light may be shed on the words of Scripture. Theologians, adepts in criticism, experts in early Christian literature, bring to a task like this an equipment to which I can make no pretence. But there are other studies, never more active than now, PREFACE. which may help the biblical student in unexpected ways. The life-history of the Greek language has been investi- gated with minutest care, not only in the age of its glory, but also throughout the centuries of its supposed senility and decay. Its syntax has been illuminated by the com- parative method; and scholars have arisen who have been willing to desert the masterpieces of literature and trace the humble development of the Hellenistic vernacular down to its lineal descendant in the vulgar tongue of the present day. Biblical scholars cannot study everything, and there are some of them who have never heard of Brugmann and Thumb. It may be some service to introduce them to the side-lights which comparative philology can provide. But I hope this book may bring to the exegete material yet more important for his purpose, which might not otherwise come his way. The immense stores of illustration which have been opened to us by the discoveries of Egyptian papyri, ac- cessible to all on their lexical side in the brilliant Bible Studies of Deissmann, have not hitherto been systematically treated in their bearing on the grammar of New Testament Greek. The main purpose of these Prolegomena has accordingly been to provide a sketch of the language of the New Testament as it appears to those who have followed Deissmann into a new field of research. There are many matters of principle need- ing detailed discussion, and much new illustrative material from papyri and inscriptions, the presentation of which will, I hope, be found helpful and suggestive. In the present volume, therefore, I make no attempt at exhaustiveness, and of ten omit important subjects on which I have nothing new to say. By dint of much labour on the indices, I have tried to provide a partial remedy for the manifold inconveniences of form which the plan of these pages entails. My reviewers en- courage me to hope that I have succeeded in one cherished ambition, that of writing a Grammar which can be read. The fascination of the Science of Language has possessed me ever since in boyhood I read Max Muller's incomparable Lectures; and I have made it my aim to communicate what I could of this fascination before going on to dry statistics and formulae. In the second volume I shall try to present as concisely as I can the systematic facts of Hellenistic acci- PREFACE.
Recommended publications
  • Thetextual History of the Ethiopic Oldtestament Project (THEOT)

    Thetextual History of the Ethiopic Oldtestament Project (THEOT)

    Textus 29 (2020) 80–110 brill.com/text The Textual History of the Ethiopic Old Testament Project (THEOT): Goals and Initial Findings1 Daniel Assefa Tibeb Research and Retreat Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia [email protected] Steve Delamarter George Fox University, Portland, OR, USA [email protected] Garry Jost Portland, OR, USA [email protected] Ralph Lee SOAS University of London, London, UK [email protected] Curt Niccum Abilene Christian University, Abilene, TX, USA [email protected] Abstract This article offers an introduction to the Textual History of the Ethiopic Old Testa- ment (THEOT) project. This includes a description of the background to THEOT and its primary purpose of mapping the history of the transmission of the Ethiopic Old Testa- ment. The bulk of the article summarizes the project’s preliminary findings, generally, and, in particular, about Ethiopic Psalms, Song of Songs, Deuteronomy, Ruth, Amos, 1 We thank Alessandro Bausi for reading and responding to earlier drafts of this article. We found his input important for understanding how to shape the final form that appears here. © assefa et al., 2020 | doi:10.1163/2589255X-02901002 This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the CC BY 4.0Downloaded license. from Brill.com09/28/2021 10:45:39PM via free access the textual history of the ethiopic old testament project 81 Obadiah, Jonah, and Haggai. Some attention is also given to evidences of contact with the Hebrew text tradition, although the Ethiopic is clearly a daughter version of the LXX. Keywords textual criticism – Ethiopic Old Testament – digital humanities – Deuteronomy – Ruth – Psalms – Song of Songs – Amos Good editions of the books of the Ethiopic Old Testament continue to be a desideratum.2 The inadequacies of previous publications are well known.
  • Ref No: JRH Extent: 5 Linear Metres Title: Papers of James Rendel Harris Date: C

    Ref No: JRH Extent: 5 Linear Metres Title: Papers of James Rendel Harris Date: C

    CATALOGUE OF THE PAPERS OF JAMES RENDEL HARRIS HELD AT WOODBROOKE COLLEGE, SELLY OAK ___________________________________________________________________________ Collection description ___________________________________________________________________________ Ref No: JRH Extent: 5 linear metres Title: Papers of James Rendel Harris Date: c. 1880s-1960s Description: The papers of James Rendel Harris include notebooks and newspaper cuttings relating to his research on folklore and the history of the Pilgrim Fathers' ship, the Mayflower; and correspondence with other scholars and friends: Herbert George Wood, his secretary Irene Speller Pickard, Eric Wills, and L Violet Hodgkin. The collection contains many of his own copies of his books and essays, published and unpublished. These are often annotated and occasionally contain letters or other documents. There are also papers about him collected by Irene Speller Pickard during the writing of her book, 'Memories of James Rendel Harris'; and papers of Harris's nephew, John Major, concerning their research on the Egyptian origins of English place names, which was Harris's main research interest in the last years of his life. Arrangement: The papers have been divided into three groups (sub-fonds): papers created by Rendel Harris himself, and papers about him collected by Irene Pickard and by his nephew John Major. The first group has been arranged by record type into five series: press cuttings and research notes; notebooks; articles and lectures; correspondence; and books. The collection was originally listed using references beginning G Har. These correspond to the new references as follows: G Har 1 JRH 1/1/1 G Har 2 JRH 1/3/1 G Har 3 JRH 1/3/2 G Har 4 JRH 1/4/5 G Har 5 JRH 3 G Har 6 JRH 1/1/2 G Har 7 JRH 1/4/9 G Har 8 JRH 1/3/3 G Har 9 JRH 1/4/6 G Har 10 JRH 1/4/7 G Har 11 JRH 1/4/4 G Har 12 JRH 1/4/8 G Har 13 JRH 1/4/2 G Har 14 JRH 2 G Har 15 JRH 1/3/4 G Har 16 JRH 1/1/3-4 G Har 17 JRH 1/3/5 G Har 18 JRH 1/4/3 G Har 19 JRH 1/4/1 Access Conditions: Access to all registered researchers.
  • Does Κεφαλη (“Head”) Mean “Source” Or “Authority Over” in Greek

    Does Κεφαλη (“Head”) Mean “Source” Or “Authority Over” in Greek

    Wayne Grudem, “Does Kefalh (“Head”) Mean “Source” Or “Authority Over” in Greek Literature? A Survey of 2,336 Examples,” Trinity Journal ns 6.1 (Spring 1985): 38-59. Does Kefalh (“Head”) Mean “Source” Or “Authority Over” in Greek Literature? A Survey of 2,336 Examples* Wayne Grudem Trinity Evangelical Divinity School [p.38] (One of the sensitive issues currently being discussed in many churches and seminaries is what the Bible has to say about women. So much has been written on this subject during the past decade that it is now becoming difficult to find anything new or fresh or challenging: positions are becoming hardened, justified by the same arguments someone else has already advanced, without close and humble examination of the validity of those arguments. Dr. Grudem’s article breaks that mold: his essay examines an enormous quantity of primary data to provide some controls in establishing the meaning of “head” and “headship” in the New Testament—and as a result he demonstrates convincingly that one major strand of modern interpretation, repeated from book to book, is simply wrong. Because of the primary nature of this research, we have decided to publish his essay here, even though it is simultaneously being published as an appendix to the new edition of George Knight’s The Role Relationship of Men and Women, published by Moody Press. —Ed.) When the New Testament says that the “head of every man is Christ” and “the head of a woman is the man” (1 Cor 11:3), or that “the husband is the head of the wife as Christ is the head of the church” (Eph 5:23), Christians have usually understood the word head to mean “authority over.” Thus, Christ is the authority over the church and a husband is the authority over his wife.
  • James Hope Moulton

    James Hope Moulton

    io8 THE CLASSICAL REVIEW value of these is in exact proportion to cism (I am thinking of notes like that the labour spent upon understanding on 401). Citations of parallels are less the subject-matter expounded in the apt than often. The very Latin of the Introduction. In some respects the editor's notes has lost something of its text and notes evidence, I think, as old force and individuality. Yet the compared with Books I. and II., a notes as a whole have the character of falling off. Not a great many of the high scholarship for the mere reason emendations proposed in the text have, that they are based on a wide and to my mind, that ireiffavdyier) which so masterly apprehension of a tiresome often distinguishes Mr. Housman's and intricate subject. Let me add that critical conjectures. Yet I have mostly they are throughout almost impeccably the feeling that, if they do not hit the polite—the occasional snappish imper- truth, they are hammering patiently tinences which once so much delighted round it; whereas I have thought in those who were not their object are the past that Mr. Housman was apt absent. from impatience merely to knock holes 1 The critical presuppositions of Mr. in the wall. In the notes again, which Housman's text remain unaltered. accompany the text, there are fewer of Unlike the Dutch editor of the new the wide-ranging Lachmannian order, Teubner text, he still believes in the sweeping the whole field of Latin litera- independent authority of the Codex ture to establish a proposition in Gemblacensis; and he assigns to the grammar, language, orthography, criti- Venetus no more importance than, I 1 It is refreshing to see Mr.
  • Devising Descent Mime, Katabasis and Ritual in Theocritus' Idyll 15 Hans Jorgen Hansen a Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Th

    Devising Descent Mime, Katabasis and Ritual in Theocritus' Idyll 15 Hans Jorgen Hansen a Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Th

    Devising Descent Mime, Katabasis and Ritual in Theocritus’ Idyll 15 Hans Jorgen Hansen A thesis submitted to the faculty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Classics. Chapel Hill 2010 Approved by: Dr. William H. Race Dr. Owen Goslin Dr. Werner Riess Abstract Hans Jorgen Hansen: Devising Descent: Mime, Katabasis and Ritual in Theocritus’ Idyll 15 (Under the direction of Dr. William H. Race) In this thesis I investigate the genres and structure of Theocritus’ fifteenth Idyll, as well as its katabatic and ritual themes. Though often considered an urban mime, only the first 43 lines exhibit the formal qualities of mime found in Herodas’ Mimiambi, the only other surviving corpus of Hellenistic mime. The counterpoint to the mimic first section is the Adonia that makes up the last section of the poem and amounts to an urban recasting of pastoral poetry. A polyphonic, katabatic journey bridges the mimic and pastoral sections and is composed of four encounters that correspond to ordeals found in ritual katabases. The structure of the poem is then tripartite, beginning in the profane world of the household mime, progressing through the liminal space of the streets and ending in the sacred world of the Adonia. This progression mirrors Theocritus’ evolution from Syracusan mimic poet to Alexandrian pastoral poet. ii Table of Contents Introduction 1 Chapter 1: Mime and Structure in the Adoniazusae 6 1.1: Introduction 6 1.2.1: The Formal Features of Herodas’ Poetry 12 1.2.2: Homophony and Herodas’ Fourth Mimiamb 21 1.3.1: Theocritus’ Household-Mime 26 1.3.2: The Streets of Alexandria and Theocritus’ Polyphonic Mime 32 1.4: Conclusion 41 Chapter 2: Katabasis and Ritual in the Adoniazusae 44 2.1: Introduction 44 2.2: The Katabatic Structure, Characters and Imagery of Theoc.
  • Greeks and Romans.Mlc

    Greeks and Romans.Mlc

    DEPARTMENT OF CLASSICS GREEKS AND ROMANS Courses and Programs Offered at the University of Virginia Fall 2020 2 3 THE GREEKS AND ROMANS at the University of Virginia FALL, 2020 Each semester the faculty of the Department of Classics and their colleagues in other departments offer a rich program of courses and special events in classical studies. The Greeks and Romans is published to inform the University community of the wealth of opportunities for study during the fall semester, 2020. These are described in the next pages under the following headings: I. CLAS: Classics courses in translation. II. GREEKS: Courses in Greek language and literature, and in Greek art, ideas, history, and other aspects of Greek civilization. III. ROMANS: Courses in the Latin language and Roman literature, and in Roman art, ideas, history, and other aspects of Roman civilization. IV. COMPARATIVE: Courses presenting Classical studies in relation to other subjects. V. SPECIAL PROGRAMS AND EVENTS ****************************************** 4 I. CLASSICS CLAS 2010 GREEK CIVILIZATION Mr. Dillery <jdd4n> TR 0930-1045 Discussion F 0900-0950 F 0900-0950 F 1000-1050 F 1000-1050 F 1300-1350 F 1400-1450 This course satisfies Humanities and/or Historical Studies requirements. An introduction to the literature and history of ancient Greece. All readings will be in translation, including: Homer, Herodotus, Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides, Thucydides, Aristophanes, and Plato. Midterm, final and two papers. CLAS 2300 ANCIENT ROME AT THE MOVIES Mr. Hays <bgh2n> MWF 1100-1150 This course satisfies Humanities requirements. Ancient Rome has exercised a fascination on movie producers and directors almost since the beginnings of cinema itself.
  • 'An Extremely Dangerous Book'? James Hope Moulton's Religions

    'An Extremely Dangerous Book'? James Hope Moulton's Religions

    ‘A much-needed Tract for the Times’ or ‘an extremely dangerous book’? James Hope Moulton’s Religions and Religion (1913) Martin Wellings On 4 April 1917 the British passenger steamship SS City of Paris, travelling from Karachi to Liverpool, was torpedoed by a German submarine in the Gulf of Lions, and sank with considerable loss of life. Among the passengers were two eminent scholars, the Quaker James Rendel Harris and the Wesleyan Methodist James Hope Moulton. Both survived the sinking of the ship, but Moulton died of exposure three days later and was buried at sea.1 Rendel Harris wrote and published a moving account of Moulton’s heroic behaviour in the life-boat, sharing the burdens of rowing and baling, and ministering to Indian crew members.2 The incident became something of a cause célèbre, an example of ‘[t]he ruthlessness of our enemies, unrestrained by moral scruples or humane principles’.3 Paying tribute to his friend and colleague in the Bulletin of the John Rylands Library, Arthur Samuel Peake recorded the ‘tragic irony’ of the death under such circumstances of an eloquent advocate of peace and of a scholar whose international reputation in New Testament studies, built on his Grammar of New Testament Greek (1906) was signalled by plaudits from Harnack, a doctorate from the University of Berlin and a long-standing academic friendship with Adolf Deissmann.4 James Hope Moulton, however, was more than a New Testament scholar. His presence in the dangerous waters of the Mediterranean in the spring of 1917 came about through his second area of acknowledged expertise, the history and thought of Zoroastrianism, which took him to India for eighteen months’ work with the Parsee community under the auspices of the Indian YMCA.5 In his life and in his writings Moulton brought together biblical scholarship, a fascination with the evolution of religion and a passionate enthusiasm for Christian missions.
  • The Legacy of 1 Enoch on Ethiopian Literature

    The Legacy of 1 Enoch on Ethiopian Literature

    423 THE LEGACY OF 1 ENOCH ON ETHIOPIAN LITERATURE Bruk Ayele Asale University of KwaZulu Natal 29 Golf Rd, Scottsville, PMB, 3201 E-mail: [email protected] (Received 07/07/2014; Accepted 13/10/2014) ABSTRACT 1 Enoch disappeared centuries ago from the Jewish and the Christian world where it originated, and from where it spread widely gaining canonical authority. It survives in its entirety in the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewhahedo Church (EOTC) to date. Hence, it is to be expected that traces of the book’s legacy can still be detected in the church. Evidently, the book has attracted a great deal of scholarly attention in the last hundred years, more specifically since the landmark discoveries of the Dead Sea Scrolls. However, its legacy in the EOTC and its influence on the community that is credited with honouring it for many centuries, keeping its original authority and usage intact, have been largely omitted from the discussion. This article, therefore, asks what traces the influence of 1 Enoch has left in Ethiopia and in what its legacy consists. In its attempt to respond to these questions, the article focuses particularly on the literary influences the book has on Ethiopian literature. Though the influence and legacy of the book is not limited to the literary realm, the article limits itself to it alone. Subsequent discussions may go beyond this to consider ways in which the book may have contributed to the making of Ethiopia at large. INTRODUCTION AND PURPOSE In spite of 1 Enoch having disappeared from the regions where it originally emerged and developed, the book has gained “canonical” authority, maintained its momentum and survived to date in its entirety in Ethiopia.
  • Euripides and Gender: the Difference the Fragments Make

    Euripides and Gender: the Difference the Fragments Make

    Euripides and Gender: The Difference the Fragments Make Melissa Karen Anne Funke A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Washington 2013 Reading Committee: Ruby Blondell, Chair Deborah Kamen Olga Levaniouk Program Authorized to Offer Degree: Classics © Copyright 2013 Melissa Karen Anne Funke University of Washington Abstract Euripides and Gender: The Difference the Fragments Make Melissa Karen Anne Funke Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Professor Ruby Blondell Department of Classics Research on gender in Greek tragedy has traditionally focused on the extant plays, with only sporadic recourse to discussion of the many fragmentary plays for which we have evidence. This project aims to perform an extensive study of the sixty-two fragmentary plays of Euripides in order to provide a picture of his presentation of gender that is as full as possible. Beginning with an overview of the history of the collection and transmission of the fragments and an introduction to the study of gender in tragedy and Euripides’ extant plays, this project takes up the contexts in which the fragments are found and the supplementary information on plot and character (known as testimonia) as a guide in its analysis of the fragments themselves. These contexts include the fifth- century CE anthology of Stobaeus, who preserved over one third of Euripides’ fragments, and other late antique sources such as Clement’s Miscellanies, Plutarch’s Moralia, and Athenaeus’ Deipnosophistae. The sections on testimonia investigate sources ranging from the mythographers Hyginus and Apollodorus to Apulian pottery to a group of papyrus hypotheses known as the “Tales from Euripides”, with a special focus on plot-type, especially the rape-and-recognition and Potiphar’s wife storylines.
  • The Philology of the Greek Bible: Its Present and Future.1 Iv

    The Philology of the Greek Bible: Its Present and Future.1 Iv

    61 THE PHILOLOGY OF THE GREEK BIBLE: ITS PRESENT AND FUTURE.1 IV. NEW TESTAMENT PHILOLOGY. We concluded our third lecture with a short mention of the beginnings that are just being made in the exegesis of the Greek Old Testament. The exegesis of the Greek New Testament can look back upon a histbry of many centuries. The fact, however, that the New Testament as distinguished from the Greek Old Testament possesses an international exegetical literature of its own which promises. soon to attain unmanageable dimensions, is not necessarily a proof of a revival of interest in its philological investigation. The more recent commentaries, indeed, leave much to be desired from the philological point of view. How greatly the exegesis of the New Testament is able to profit by the progress of classical archaeology in the widest sense is shown by the writings of Sir William Ramsay,2 the Commentary on the Epistle to the Romans by Hans Lietz­ mann,3 the Commentary on the Gospel according to St. Matthew by Th. Zahn 4 and by W. C. Allen,6 and the Com­ mentary on the Epistles to the Thessalonians about to be published by George Milligan. 1 These lectures were delivered in the Summer School of the Free Churches, at Cambridge, in July and August, 1907. In writing them I allowed myself the use of part of an address given by me at Giessen in 1897. The lectures were translated for me by Mr. Lionel R. M. Strachan, M.A., Lector of English in the University of Heidelberg. 2 See above.
  • The Text of the Ethiopic Version of the Octateuch, with Special Reference

    The Text of the Ethiopic Version of the Octateuch, with Special Reference

    BIBLIO THECA ABES S INIC A S TU DIES C O NCERNI NG THE LA NG U A G ES LITERAT U RE A ND HIS T RY , O O F A BYS S I NI A ED ITED BY D r M A N N . E . L I T T II . THE TEXT OF THE ETHIO PIC VERSION OF THE P OCTATEUCH , WITH S ECIAL REF ERENCE TO THE AGE AND VAL UE OF THE HAVERFORD MAN USCRI PT C B Y . BY Dr . J . OS AR O D LE YD EN P R N ETON N I C , . J . BRI LL T H I V R I Y LI BRARY E . J . E U N E S T 0 1 9 5 . C O N T E N T S . The t e" t of the Eth-ioPIic version of the Octateuch h I . Descri ption of t e Haverford Codex Peculiarities of the Haverford Codex t o . Typ e of text , and relationship other codices C c o - on lusi n as to a R , and its value for a critical edition the O c ta teu c-h THE TEXT OF T HE ETHIO PIC C V ERSION OF THE OCTATEUCH , WIT H SPE IAL REFEREN C E T O TH E AGE AND VALUE OF THE HAVERFORD MAN USCRIPT . Interest in the Ethiopic Bible has been aroused far more by those apocryphal books which form a part of it s extensive and rather indefinite than by the text of those books which are in the stricter canon of Protestantism .
  • The Aesthetics of Dialect in Hellenistic Epigram

    The Aesthetics of Dialect in Hellenistic Epigram

    The Aesthetics of Dialect in Hellenistic Epigram A dissertation submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Cincinnati in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Classics by Taylor S. Coughlan B.A. Carleton College M.A. University of Wisconsin—Madison March 18, 2016 Committee Chair: Kathryn Gutzwiller, Ph.D. Alex Sens, Ph.D. Lauren Ginsberg, Ph.D. i Abstract This dissertation is a study of dialect choice and dialect mixture in Hellenistic book epigram. The aims of the project are not only linguistic, but also literary; indeed, what motivates the study is an overarching interest in understanding how specific dialect choices can enrich the meaning of the poem in which they appear. Scholars have only recently started to include dialect in their readings of individual epigrams, but no one has systematically studied the entire corpus. In order to more fully understand Hellenistic book epigram and its flourishing during a period of great social, cultural, and literary change, we must confront the genre’s use of dialect or otherwise miss out on an important component in this self-conscious genre’s production of poetic meaning. Following an introduction that sets out the interpretive framework for the dissertation and explores issues of dialect transmission in the manuscript tradition, the study falls into two parts, each comprising three chapters. In the first part, I attempt to situate dialect choice and mixture in its poetic and literary-critical contexts. In the first chapter, I investigate dialect usage in pre- Hellenistic Greek poetry, not including inscribed epigram, arguing that dialect mixture for poetic effect existed in Archaic and Classical poetry.