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Acid-Base Reactions WORKSHEETS KISS Resources for NSW Syllabuses & Australian Curriculum ® KEEP IT SIMPLE SCIENCE keep it simple science Chemistry Module 6 Acid-Base Reactions WORKSHEETS Worksheet 1 Acids, Bases & Indicators Part 1 Fill in the blank spaces Student Name.......................................... Acids and bases are chemical a)................................ The colour changes for the following indicators If you add one to the other, they b).............................. need to be learnt. each other. Indicator Acid Neutral Base Acidity is measured by the c).............. scale. On this Litmus j)............. purple k).............. scale, a neutral substance has a value of d)....... Phenolphthalein l)........... ................ ................ Values above this indicate e).................................. substances, while values below indicate Methyl orange m)............. ................ ............. f)........................................ substances. Bromothymol n).............. green/blue o)............. Indicators are chemicals which g).............................. blue ........................ according to the h)......................... of the solution they are in. The original indicators were In everyday situations, indicators are used for extracts from i)................................................. purposes such as p).......................................... for farming and gardening, q)..................................... for pools and aquariums, and for monitoring r)............................... from industries. Part 2 Practice Questions 1. 2. Each solution listed below has been tested with A household substance most likely to be strongly one or more indicators, and the colour is given. basic is For each, state if it is acidic, neutral or basic. A. vinegar. B. soap. Solution A: Phenolphthalein is clear. C. sugar. Methyl orange is red. D. milk. 3. a) What is meant by an “acid-base indicator”? Solution B: Phenolphthalein is pink. Methyl orange is yellow. b) Identify an everyday use of an indicator. Solution C: Phenolphthalein is clear. Methyl orange is yellow. Solution D: Bromothymol blue is blue. c) Describe how you could prepare a simple Methyl orange is yellow. indicator from a named natural substance. Solution E: Phenolphthalein is clear. Litmus is pink. Chem Mod.6 “Acid-Base Reactions” Worksheets page 1 Usage & copying is permitted according copyright © 2005-18 KEEP IT SIMPLE SCIENCE to the SITE LICENCE CONDITIONS only www.keepitsimplescience.com.au KISS Resources for NSW Syllabuses & Australian Curriculum ® Worksheet 2 Practice Questions keep it simple science Acid-Base Reactions Student Name.......................................... 1. Acid-Alkali Reactions 4. Acid-Metal Reactions a) Name the salt formed in a reaction between: Write a balanced ionic equation (including states) i) hydrochloric acid & calcium hydroxide for each reaction. a) Nitric acid reacting with zinc metal. ii) sulfuric acid & magnesium hydroxide iii) nitric acid & barium hydroxide b) Write a balanced equation for the reaction of: b) Calcium metal plus sulfuric acid i) hydrochloric acid and lithium hydroxide ii) sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide c) Hydrochloric acid plus magnesium metal. iii) nitric acid and magnesium hydroxide d) Lead metal plus nitric acid. 2. Reactions of Basic Oxides Write a balanced equation for the reaction of: a) sulfuric acid & iron(II) oxide e) (Revision) Assuming all the acids above have the same b) hydrochloric acid & magnesium oxide concentration, all metals the same surface area, all reactions at the same temperture, etc., which of the reactions above is likely to proceed most vigorously, and why? c) nitric acid & copper(II) oxide 3. Reactions of Acidic Oxides a) carbon dioxide reacts with calcium hydroxide to form water and calcium carbonate. (This is the 5. Acid-Carbonate Reactions “limewater” reaction) Write a balanced equation for Write a balanced “molecular-style” equation the reaction. (including states) for each reaction. a) nitric acid + copper(II) carbonate b) P2O5 is an acidic oxide. It reacts with water to form phosphoric acid, H3PO4. Write the balanced equation. b) sulfuric acid + potassium carbonate c) Sulfur trioxide reacts with water to form a strong acid. Write a balanced equation, and name the acid. c) sodium carbonate + hydrochloric acid Chem Mod.6 “Acid-Base Reactions” Worksheets page 2 Usage & copying is permitted according copyright © 2005-18 KEEP IT SIMPLE SCIENCE to the SITE LICENCE CONDITIONS only www.keepitsimplescience.com.au KISS Resources for NSW Syllabuses & Australian Curriculum ® Worksheet 3 Practice Problems keep it simple science Reaction of Acids & Bases With Water Student Name.......................................... For each substance below, write an equation e) sulfide ion, S2- (base) describing its monoprotic reaction with water, according to Bronsted-Lowry Theory. (In brackets is a description of how the substance behaves in each case) f) cyanide ion, CN- (base) For each equation, identify the conjugate acid/base of the named species. a) methanoic acid, HCOOH (acid) g) hydrogen sulfide, H2S (acid) b) ammonia, NH (base) - 3 h) nitrite ion, NO2 (base) c) hydrogen phosphate ion, HPO 2-, (acid) + 4 i) ammonium ion, NH4 (acid) d) hydrogen phosphate ion, HPO 2-, (base) - 4 j) hydrogen sulfite ion, HSO3 (acid) Worksheet 4 Practice Questions Acid Ionisation & pH Student Name.......................................... 1. Write a balanced equation for the reaction of each acid + 2. Calculating pH from [H3O ] with water. (Assume complete ionisation in each case, Each of the following values is the hydronium ion even though some may be weak acids) concentration of a solution, in molL-1. For each, calculate the pH, and state if the solution is acidic or basic. Monoprotic acids a) HCl a) 0.0675 b) 0.000840 c) 2.50 d) 2.50x10-12 e) 3.5 x 10-3 f) 1.50 x 10-8 b) HBr (hydrobromic) 3. Calculating pH from Acid Concentration c) HCOOH (methanoic) Calculate the pH of each solution, taking into account that some acids may be diprotic or triprotic. (assume total ionisation) d) HCN (hydrocyanic) a) 0.250 molL-1 HCl -1 Diprotic acids b) 0.0750 molL H2SO4. e) H SO -4 -1 2 4 c) 7.50x10 molL H2SO4. -3 -1 d) 4.50x10 molL H3PO4. -1 f) H2CO3 (carbonic) e) 6.00 molL H2SO4. + Triprotic acids 4. Calculating [H3O ] from pH. + g) H3PO4 (phosphoric) Find the [H3O ] in each solution. a) pH = 5.30 b) pH = 11.5 h) C6H8O7 (citric) c) pH = -0.40 d) pH = 4.85 e) pH = 8.50 f) pH = 0 Chem Mod.6 “Acid-Base Reactions” Worksheets page 3 Usage & copying is permitted according copyright © 2005-18 KEEP IT SIMPLE SCIENCE to the SITE LICENCE CONDITIONS only www.keepitsimplescience.com.au KISS Resources for NSW Syllabuses & Australian Curriculum ® Worksheet 5 Test-Style Questions keep it simple science Student Name.......................................... O-H Longer Response Questions Multiple Choice Answer on reverse if insufficient space. 1. H The diagram shows a molecule of C 6. the weak acid, methanoic acid. A certain diprotic acid can be represented by the O formula “H A”. (“A” is not the correct symbol) When dissolved in water, one of the bonds in 2 the molecule may ionise, resulting in acid behaviour. a) Write a balanced equation for the complete ionisation of H2A when added to water. The bond most likely to ionise is the Label each species in the equation as acid or base. A. H-C bond B. C=O bond C. O-H bond D. C-O bond 2. If an undissociated molecule of an acid is represented by “H-A”, and the ionised acid by b) If H A is a strong acid, calculate the pH of a + - 2 separate “H ” and “A ” symbols, which diagram solution with concentration [H A] = 0.0250 molL-1. could show a dilute solution of a strong acid? 2 A. B. C. D. - + A H-A H H-A H+ A- A- H+ H-A + A- + H H H+ - H-A A + H-A A- H c) In fact, when this exact concentration solution H+ A- was tested, it was found to have a pH = 2.50. H-A A- H+ H-A What do you conclude from this? 3. In a solution of pH=10, the concentration of hydronium ions is: 7. -1 10 -1 A. 10 molL . B. 10 molL . A certain solution has a pH = 9.5 C. 10-10 molL-1. D. 1 molL-1. a) What is the value of the pOH? 4. If you had 4 solutions of different acids Hydrochloric Nitric b) Find the concentration of: Ethanoic Sulfuric i) hydronium ions. all with exactly the same molar concentration of acid, which two only would you expect to have the same pH? ii) hydroxide ions A. sulfuric and ethanoic B. hydrochloric and nitric C. nitric and sulfuric D. ethanoic and hydrochloric c) The solution contains a single, pure compound dissolved in water at a concentration of 0.002molL-1. 5. A student describes this solution as “a weak In the following equation... solution of a strong base”. The student has made at - - least 2 errors in this description. NO2 (aq) + H2O(l) HNO2(aq) + OH (aq) Give a more accurate description. Justify three parts of your description. ...it is true to say that: A. H2O is a B-L acid. - B. the conjugate base of NO2 is HNO2 - C. the species NO2 is amphiprotic D. HNO2 is a diprotic acid. Chem Mod.6 “Acid-Base Reactions” Worksheets page 4 Usage & copying is permitted according copyright © 2005-18 KEEP IT SIMPLE SCIENCE to the SITE LICENCE CONDITIONS only www.keepitsimplescience.com.au KISS Resources for NSW Syllabuses & Australian Curriculum ® Worksheet 6 Amphiprotic Ions, Acidic & Basic Salts keep it simple science Practice Problems Student Name.............................. 1. Amphiprotic Substances 2. Acidic and Basic Salts Each of the substances below is amphiprotic. Each of the following
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