TUTONG Agriculture Extension Unit 27 Dec 16
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Belait District
BELAIT DISTRICT His Majesty Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah Mu’izzaddin Waddaulah ibni Al-Marhum Sultan Haji Omar ‘Ali Saifuddien Sa’adul Khairi Waddien Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan of Brunei Darussalam ..................................................................................... Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia Paduka Seri Baginda Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah Mu’izzaddin Waddaulah ibni Al-Marhum Sultan Haji Omar ‘Ali Saifuddien Sa’adul Khairi Waddien Sultan dan Yang Di-Pertuan Negara Brunei Darussalam BELAIT DISTRICT Published by English News Division Information Department Prime Minister’s Office Brunei Darussalam BB3510 The contents, generally, are based on information available in Brunei Darussalam Newsletter and Brunei Today First Edition 1988 Second Edition 2011 Editoriol Advisory Board/Sidang Redaksi Dr. Haji Muhammad Hadi bin Muhammad Melayong (hadi.melayong@ information.gov.bn) Hajah Noorashidah binti Haji Aliomar ([email protected]) Editor/Penyunting Sastra Sarini Haji Julaini ([email protected]) Sub Editor/Penolong Penyunting Hajah Noorhijrah Haji Idris (noorhijrah.idris @information.gov.bn) Text & Translation/Teks & Terjemahan Hajah Apsah Haji Sahdan ([email protected]) Layout/Reka Letak Hajah Apsah Haji Sahdan Proof reader/Penyemak Hajah Norpisah Md. Salleh ([email protected]) Map of Brunei/Peta Brunei Haji Roslan bin Haji Md. Daud ([email protected]) Photos/Foto Photography & Audio Visual Division of Information Department / Bahagian Fotografi -
PMW Tutong District
English Section Listed below are the designated areas for the planned maintenance work as for December, 2018: No. Day & Date Time Location Work Description Affected Areas for Outages Saturday 8.00 am to 12.00 noon Kampong Bukit Udal, Mukim Tanjong Maya 1 Wayleave Clearing A part of Kampong Bukit Udal Tutong and surrounding areas. 1st Dec 2018 1.30 pm to 4.30 pm Tutong Saturday 8.00 am to 12.00 noon 2 Kampong Long Mayan, Mukim Ukong Tutong Wayleave Clearing A part of Kampong Long Mayan Tutong and surrounding areas. 1st Dec 2018 1.30 pm to 4.30 pm Jalan Sekolah Rendah Penapar, Mukim Tanjong Monday 8.00 am to 12.00 noon A part of Kampong Penapar, Jalan Sekolah Rendah Penapar and 3 Maya Tutong. Wayleave Clearing 3rd Dec 2018 1.30 pm to 4.30 pm surrounding area. Monday 8.00 am to 12.00 noon A part of Kampong Birau, Pertanian Birau Office and surrounding 4 Pertanian Birau, Mukim Kiudang Tutong. Wayleave Clearing 3rd Dec 2018 1.30 pm to 4.30 pm area. Monday Perumahan Baitul Mal Keriam, Mukim Keriam A whole of Perumahan Baitul Mal, a part of Kampong Keriam and 5 8.00 am to 4.30 pm Maintenance works for Distribution Transformer. 3rd Dec 2018 Tutong. surrounding area. Tuesday 8.00 am to 12.00 noon Kampong Serambangun, Mukim Tanjong Maya A whole Spg 333-37-39-16 Kampong Serambangun and 6 Wayleave Clearing 4th Dec 2018 1.30 pm to 4.30 pm Tutong. surrounding areas. Tuesday 8.00 am to 12.00 noon A part of Kampong Birau and Pertanian Birau Office and 7 Pertanian Birau, Mukim Kiudang Tutong. -
Linguistic and Semiotic Landscape of Tutong Town
41 Southeast Asia: A Multidisciplinary Journal. Volume 20, Issue 2: 41-56 Noor Azam Visualising Change: Linguistic and Semiotic Landscape of Tutong Town Noor Azam Haji-Othman Universiti Brunei Darussalam Abstract This article explores the concept of ‘linguistic landscape’ (Landry & Bourhis, 1997) and applies it to the Tutong Town Centre, which was depicted briefly in the film Gema Dari Menara (1968). Due to the cursory and grainy depiction on screen, a study of the present linguistic landscape of the town featured in the film is far more practical than a detailed comparison of the linguistic landscape of Tutong town then and now. In essence the film has provided a geographical scope for linguistic/ semiotic analysis presented in this paper. The study of signs ‘in a given geographical location’ (Ben Rafael et al, 2006: 14), using the distributive count approach, lends itself to a greater understanding of the ethnolinguistic vitality and sociolinguistic interactions of the language groups living in what can be described as a multilingual and multiracial small town. Such evidence of language use in the public sphere results from an interplay of various factors within the town’s societal context, that could be related to Scollon & Scollons’ (2003:2) idea of ‘the social meaning of material placement of sign and discourses'. This study challenges the notion of ethnic languages’ 'disappearance' from public sphere, and instead raises questions about their ‘initiation’ into public use. The study also concludes that the supposed multilinguality of the Tutong Town population is not represented in the linguistic landscape. Introduction At 1:01:21 of Gema Dari Menara (1968), Tutong is mentioned for the first time by Hassan, when he tells Azman (the main protagonist), that he has a set of posters to drop off at Tutong mosque on their way back from Kuala Belait to Bandar Seri Begawan. -
Buku Poskod Edisi Ke 2 (Kemaskini 26122018).Pdf
Berikut adalah contoh menulis alamat pada bahgian hadapan sampul surat:- RAJAH PERTAMA PENGGUNAAN MUKA HADAPAN SAMPUL SURAT 74 MM 40 MM Ruangan untuk kegunaan pengirim Ruangan untuk alamat penerima Ruangan 20 MM untuk kegunaan Pejabat Pos 20 MM 140 MM Lebar Panjang Ukuran minimum 90 mm 140 mm Ukuran maksimum 144 mm 264 mm Bagi surat yang dikirim melalui pos, alamat pengirim hendaklah ditulis pada bahagian penutup belakang sampul surat. Ini membolehkan surat berkenaan dapat dikembalikan kepada pengirim sekiranya surat tersebut tidak dapat diserahkan kepada si penerima seperti yang dikehendaki. Disamping itu. ianya juga menolong penerima mengenal pasti alamat dan poskod awda yang betul. Dengan cara ini penerima akan dapat membalas surat awda dengan alamat dan poskod yang betul. Berikut adalah contoh menulis alamat pengirim pada bahagian penutup sampul surat:- RAJAH DUA Jabatan Perkhidmatan Pos berhasrat memberi perkhidmatan yang efesien kepada awda. Oleh itu, kerjasama awda sangat-sangat diperlukan. Adalah menjadi tugas awda mempastikan ketepatan maklumat-maklumat alamat dan poskod awda kerana ianya merupakan kunci bagi kecepatan penyerahan surat awda GARIS PANDU SKIM POSKOD NEGARA BRUNEI DARUSSALAM Y Z 0 0 0 0 Kod Daerah Kod Mukim Kod Kampong / Kod Pejabat Kawasan Penyerahan Contoh: Y Menunjukan Kod Daerah Z Menunjukan Kod Mukim 00 Menunjukan Kod Kampong/Kawasan 00 Menunjukan Kod Pejabat Penyerahan KOD DAERAH BIL Daerah KOD 1. Daerah Brunei Muara B 2. Daerah Belait K 3. Daerah Tutong T 4. Daerah Temburong P POSKOD BAGI KEMENTERIAN- KEMENTERIAN -
Senarai Syarikat-Syarikat Pembekal Yang Berdaftar Di Kementerian Pembangunan
SENARAI SYARIKAT-SYARIKAT PEMBEKAL YANG BERDAFTAR DI KEMENTERIAN PEMBANGUNAN Tarikh Tarikh No Nama Syarikat Kategori Telefon Faksimili Berdaftar Mansuh 1 A.G.R (B) SDN BHD P05 2334678, 2335478 02 Jun 2021 22 Jun 2024 2334278 Unit 7 & 8 1st Floor Block A.hassanin Complex Unit 7 & 8 1st Floor Block A.hassanin Complex Simpang 42, Simpang 42, Email : Kampong Delima Satu Kampong Delima Satu [email protected] Jalan Muara B B 4713 Jalan Muara B B 4713 Negara Brunei Darussalam Negara Brunei Darussalam NoSiriSijil SP/0056/2021 2 ADININ HARDWARE SENDIRIAN BERHAD P04 3333065, 3335698 26 Apr 2021 25 Apr 2024 8730882 P. O. Box 181 No B6 Block 3 Komplek Perindustrian Pekan Kuala Belait Belait Email : Negara Brunei Darussalam Jalan Setia Diraja [email protected] Kuala Belait K A 3131 Negara Brunei Darussalam NoSiriSijil SP/0072/2021 3 ADVANTECH SOLUTIONS SDN BHD P01, P02, P05 8737939 11 Feb 2020 03 Jan 2023 No 18 Simpang 74 Jalan 64 No 18 Simpang 74 Jalan 64 Email : Kampong Perpindahan Lambak Kanan Kampong Perpindahan Lambak Kanan [email protected] Berakas B C 3115 Berakas B C 3115 Negara Brunei Darussalam Negara Brunei Darussalam NoSiriSijil SP/0014/2020 4 ADY UTAMA ENTERPRISE P01, P05, P06, P07 8757757 2420982 26 Dec 2018 25 Dec 2021 A2 Bangunan Haji Daud P.o.box 410 Email : Jalan Gadong Be 3919 Sengkurong Bg 1183 [email protected] Bandar Seri Begawan Negara Brunei Darussalam Negara Brunei Darussalam NoSiriSijil SP/0007/2019 5 AEC SDN BHD P01, P05, P09 2449431, 2449134 16 May 2019 15 May 2022 2449133 P.o.box 2666 Lot 47, Beribi Industrial Complex Bandar Seri Begawan, Bs 8675 Kg Beribi Email : Negara Brunei Darussalam Gadong, Be1118 [email protected] Negara Brunei Darussalam NoSiriSijil SP/0053/2019 Muka surat..1 SENARAI SYARIKAT-SYARIKAT PEMBEKAL YANG BERDAFTAR DI KEMENTERIAN PEMBANGUNAN Tarikh Tarikh No Nama Syarikat Kategori Telefon Faksimili Berdaftar Mansuh 6 AES ENGINEERING SDN BHD P05 2453426, 2453425 29 Aug 2019 28 Aug 2022 2453648, P. -
PMW Tutong District
English Section Listed below are the designated areas for the planned maintenance work as for November and December, 2018: No. Day & Date Time Location Work Description Affected Areas for Outages Monday 1 8.00 am to 4.30 pm Earth Satelite Telisai, Mukim Telisai Tutong Maintenance works for Distribution Transformer. Earth SateliteTelisai Building and surrounding area. 19th Nov 2018 Wednesday 2 8.00 am to 4.30 pm Earth Satelite Telisai, Mukim Telisai Tutong Maintenance works for Distribution Transformer. Earth SateliteTelisai Building and surrounding area. 21st Nov 2018 Thursday 3 8.00 am to 4.30 pm Penanjong Kem, Mukim Pekan Tutong Maintenance works for Distribution Transformer. Station Transformer Main Intake Lorong 105 Penanjong Kem 22nd Nov 2018 Saturday 8.00 am to 12.00 noon Kampong Kuala Ungar and Rambai, Mukim 4 Wayleave Clearing A part of Kampong Kuala Ungar Rambai and surrounding area. 24th Nov 2018 1.30 pm to 4.30 pm Rambai Tutong. Saturday 8.00 am to 12.00 noon Spg 509 Jln Kecil Nong Janang, Kampong Bukit 5 Wayleave Clearing Whole Spg 509 Jln Kecil Nong Janang and surrounding area. 24th Nov 2018 1.30 pm to 4.30 pm Udal, Mukim Tanjong Maya, Tutong. Monday 8.00 am to 12.00 noon Jln Kecil Bukit Kukob, Kampong Bukit Udal, 6 Wayleave Clearing A whole area Jln Kecil Bukit Kukob and surrounding areas. 26th Nov 2018 1.30 pm to 4.30 pm Mukim Tanjong Maya Tutong. Monday 8.00 am to 12.00 noon Jln Kampong Sebakit Atas Bangunggus, Mukim A whole of Kampong Sebakit Atas Bangunggus, Spg 49 Kampong 7 Wayleave Clearing 26th Nov 2018 1.30 pm to 4.30 pm Tanjong Maya Tutong Sebakit Atas and surrounding area. -
Copy of Copy of PMW Tutong District (Press Release) Memo21
English Section Listed below are the designated areas for the planned maintenance work as for September, 2018: No. Day & Date Time Location Work Description Affected Areas for Outages Monday Kampong Lubuk Pulau, A part of Kampong Lubuk Pulau and surrounding 1 8.30 am to 03.30 pm Maintenance works for Distribution Transformer. 10th Sept 2018 MukimTanjong Maya , Tutong. areas. Monday 8.00 am to 11.30 am Kampong Pengkalan Piasau and Kampong A part of Kampong Pangkalan Piasau , Kampong 2 Wayleave clearing for overhead lines 10th Sept 2018 2.00pm to 4.30 pm Ukong, Mukim Ukong Ukong and surrounding areas. Wednesday Kampong Benutan, A part of Kampong Benutan and surrounding 3 8.30 am to 03.30 pm Replacement of Distribution Transformer 12th Sept 2018 Mukim Rambai, Tutong. areas. Wednesday Mahad Islamic college, Mahad Islamic college, Tutong and surrounding 4 8.30 am to 03.30 pm Maintenance works for Distribution Transformer. 12th Sept 2018 Mukim Pekan Tutong. areas Wednesday 8.00 am to 11.30 am Kampong Pengkalan Piasau and Kampong A part of Kampong Pangkalan Piasau , Kampong 5 Wayleave clearing for overhead lines 12th Sept 2018 2.00pm to 4.30 pm Ukong, Mukim Ukong Ukong and surrounding areas. Thursday Kampong Bekiau, 6 8.30 am to 03.30 pm Maintenance works for Distribution Transformer. A part of Kampong Bekiau and surrounding area. 13th Sept 2018 Mukim Kiudang,Tutong. Thursday 8.00 am to 11.30 am Kampong Pengkalan Piasau and Kampong A part of Kampong Pangkalan Piasau , Kampong 7 Wayleave clearing for overhead lines 13th Sept 2018 2.00pm to 4.30 pm Ukong, Mukim Ukong Ukong and surrounding areas. -
Laporan Akhir Kemaskini Banci Penduduk Dan Perumahan 2016
L A P O R A N A K H I R K P E O M LAPORAN AKHIR KEMASKINI BANCI P A U S L PENDUDUK DAN PERUMAHAN K A T I I N O Population and Housing Census Update Final Report I N B A A N N D C H I O P 2016 U E S N I N D G U C D E U N S K U D S A U N P D P A T E E R U F I N M A A L H R A E P N O R ( K T B ( K P B P P ) P 2 ) JABATAN PERANGKAAN DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS 0 2 JABATAN PERANCANGAN DAN KEMAJUAN EKONOMI (JPKE) DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMIC PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT (DEPD) 0 1 KEMENTERIAN KEWANGAN DAN EKONOMI MINISTRY OF FINANCE AND ECONOMY 1 6 NEGARA BRUNEI DARUSSALAM BRUNEI DARUSSALAM 6 Kata Pengantar Kerajaan Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia Paduka Seri Baginda Sultan dan Yang Di-Pertuan Negara Brunei Darussalam melalui Jabatan Perancangan dan Kemajuan Ekonomi (JPKE) telah mengendalikan Kemaskini Banci Penduduk dan Perumahan (KBPP) 2016 bermula dari bulan Mei hingga September 2016. Laporan Kemaskini Banci Penduduk dan Perumahan (KBPP) 2016 ini memaparkan data akhir mengenai bilangan dan ciri-ciri utama demografi penduduk, isirumah dan unit perumahan di Negara Brunei Darussalam pada tahun 2016. Oleh itu data ini menggantikan data dalam Laporan Awal KBPP 2016 yang telah dikeluarkan pada Oktober 2017. Saya berharap penerbitan ini akan dapat memenuhi keperluan pelbagai pengguna di negara ini bagi maksud perancangan, penyelidikan, penyediaan dasar dan sebagai bahan rujukan awam. -
(Siga) Brunei Darussalam, 26 – 29 April 2019
SCHEDULE OF ACTIVITIES (TENTATIVE) FOR 31st SSEAYP INTERNATIONAL GENERAL ASSEMBLY (SIGA) BRUNEI DARUSSALAM, 26 – 29 APRIL 2019 DATE TIME AGENDA VENUE REMARKS *Arrival and Check in *COP meeting (Members are advised to arrive before 1200 noon at Hotel pick-up according to Brunei International Airport / flight information Until 1800 Centrepoint Hotel Hotel) *Participants are advised to arrive before 1600h at Brunei International Airport Jame Asr’ Hassanil Bus will be provided for 1200 - 1330 Friday prayer Bolkiah Mosque Muslim participants DAY 1 General briefing for all Secretariat Room, 1330 – 1630 Friday participants Centrepoint Hotel Will be conducted hourly 26/04/2019 Rizqun International Room TBC 1400 – 1700 COP meeting Hotel Buses will be provided Bandar Seri (If interested, please specify 1430 – 1700 City Tour / free time Begawan on registration form) 1730 Return to hotel Welcoming Dinner *Speech by Chairperson GOH –TBC *Speech by Guest of Honour *SSEAYP International Rizqun International Attire: National Costume Awards Hotel (B1) 1900 – 2100 * Gift Exchange * Dinner Gift 1 *Photo Session by Contingents 2100 Return to hotel / Free time Hotel DATE TIME AGENDA VENUE REMARKS DAY 2 0815 – 1000 Rizqun International Draft 10/SIGA 2019 Saturday SSEAYP International Hotel, Attire: Casual Smart (C1) 27/04/2019 General Assembly Bandar Seri *Speech by Council of Begawan. Country report Presidents representative (5 minutes per country) *Report by SSEAYP International *Country reports 1000 -1015 Coffee break 1015 – 1200 Forum “Bridging the Gap” 1200 – 1300 Lunch 1330 – 1700 Social Contribution Activities Free Attire (Flat shoes) Pusat Bahagia, Jalan Kebangsaan Interaction with students with special needs.. 1700 Return to hotel /free time DATE TIME AGENDA VENUE REMARKS -Syarikat Lakaba Gift 2 or souveniers for the Jaya, Kampong company proprietors. -
Protected Areas and Protected Places O 1.Fm
PROTECTED AREAS AND PROTECTED PLACES ACT (CHAPTER 147) PROTECTED PLACES (CONSOLIDATION) ORDER GN 621/1990 GN 192/1997 GN 415/1998 GN 3/1999 Amended by GN 545/2012 S 25/2005 S 64/2005 S 71/2006 S 72/2006 S 73/2006 S 74/2006 S 76/2006 S 99/2006 S 49/2007 S 50/2007 S 92/2008 S 49/2009 S 47/2010 S 61/2010 S 64/2010 S 76/2010 Amended by GN 490/2012 S 24/2011 S 53/2011 S 83/2011 S 83/2012 S79/2013 S 55/2015 REVISED EDITION 2017 B.L.R.O. 1/2017 LAWS OF BRUNEI Protected Areas and Protected Places CAP. 147, O 1 1 [Subsidiary] SUBSIDIARY LEGISLATION PROTECTED PLACES (CONSOLIDATION) ORDER ARRANGEMENT OF PARAGRAPHS Paragraph 1. Citation 2. Declaration of protected places 3. Authority SCHEDULE — PROTECTED PLACES __________________________________ B.L.R.O. 1/2017 LAWS OF BRUNEI Protected Areas and Protected Places CAP. 147, O 1 3 [Subsidiary] SUBSIDIARY LEGISLATION Order made under section 5(1) PROTECTED PLACES (CONSOLIDATION) ORDER Citation 1. This Order may be cited as the Protected Places (Consolidation) Order. Declaration of protected places 2. The places or premises specified in the first column of the Schedule which are more particularly described in the plans specified in the second column thereof deposited in the office of the Surveyor-General are hereby declared to be protected places for the purposes of the Act. Authority 3. The authorities specified in the third column of the Schedule are from whom permission to enter those respective places or premises is to be received. -
Opening Remarks Yang Berhormat Dato Seri Setia Awang Haji Ali Bin Apong Minister of Primary Resources and Tourism Promotion Of
OPENING REMARKS YANG BERHORMAT DATO SERI SETIA AWANG HAJI ALI BIN APONG MINISTER OF PRIMARY RESOURCES AND TOURISM PROMOTION OF THE TUTONG TOUR PACKAGE TUTONG TOWN JETTY 23rd August 2017 1 بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم الحمدهلل رب العالمين، وبه نستعين على أمور الدنيا والدين، والصﻻة والسﻻم على أشرف اﻷنبياء والمرسلين، سيدنا محمد وعلى آله وصحبه أجمعي Yang Berhormat State Legislative Councils Members; Your Excellencies Ambassadors and High Commissioners; Permanent Secretaries; Brunei Tourism Board Members; District Officers; Penghulu and Head of Villages; Distinguished Guests; Ladies and Gentlemen. السﻻم عليكم ورحمة هللا وبركاته Salam Sejahtera & a Very Good Morning Distinguished Guests, Ladies and Gentlemen, 1. It gives me great pleasure to be here this morning to officiate the promotion of the “Tutong Destination Package”. 2 2. Today, we are here to continue our promotional efforts on showcasing exciting tour packages of Tutong to further attract more tourists into the country. Tutong has always been a popular destination known for its quaint town centre, its nature attractions, diverse culture, friendly community and of course it’s food! 3. Being in the town here today I already see a few popular spots, such as KK Koya and Mei Fang restaurant. People come from all districts to queue as early as 6.00 am to buy the rojak and wrapped glutinous rice (pulut panggang). Other than food, we also have Tasek Merimbun here, which has been declared as one of ASEAN National Heritage sites since 1984 and Brunei’s largest blackwater lake with an area of 220 hectares, refreshing waterfall at Wasai Bedanu Recreational Park, Batu Mapan Recreational Park and beautiful beach at Pantai Seri Kenangan - set on a spit of land, with the South China Sea on one side and Sungai Tutong on the other, and arguably one of the best spot for sunset in Brunei. -
Baseline Study on Chemical Composition of Brunei
BASELINE STUDY ON CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF BRUNEI DARUSSALAM RIVERS A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy by HAJI MUHAMMAD MAJDI PEHIN DATO HAJI ABDUL AZIZ INSTITUTE FOR THE ENVIRONMENT Brunel University *** May 2005 DEDICATED TO MY LOVING PARENTS, BELOVED WIFE AND MY SON, MI3'AZ ABDUL AZIZ *** CONTENTS PAGE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ABSTRACT CHAPTER 1 THE IMPORTANCE OF WATER IN BRUNEI DARUSSALAM 01 1.1 INTRODUCTION 01 ................................................................................................... 1.1.1 The Importance of Rivers to Brunei Darussalam 01 1.1.2 Water Demand 02 1.1.3 Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 03 1.2 SAMPLING PROTOCOL (STANDARD).................. 06 ........................................ 1.2.1 Protocols for water sample collection, transport and storage 07 1.2.2 Offshore Sampling 08 1.2.3 Bridge Sampling 09 1.2.4 pH Meters 09 1.2.5 Electrical Conductivity Meters 10 13 REFERENCES 11 ........ .............................................. CHAPTER 2 DESCRIPTION OF BRUNEI DARUSSALAM...............................................................12 2.1 INTRODUCTION 12 .................................................................................................... 2.1.1 Climate 12 2.1.2 Activities and Sourcesthat pollute the Brunei Rivers 18 2.1.3 Location and Hydrology of River Systemsin Brunei Darussalam 19 2.1.4 Lakes and Dams 26 2.1.5 Water withdrawal 26 2.1.6 Irrigation and Drainage Development 27 2.1.7 Trends in Water ResourcesManagement 27 2.2 SITUATION IN BRUNEI DARUSSALAM 29 2.2.1 Characteristicsof Brunei River 30 2.2.2 International Hydrological Programme 31 2.2.3 Existing Data 31 2.2.4 Water Level 31 2.2.5 Basins 32 2.3 MANGROVE SWAMPS OF BRUNEI DARUSSALAM AND THE TIDAL TREE 36 ........................................................................................................... 2.4 REFERENCES 38 ---".............................