Spiritual; Native Land Occupancy and Use; Relations Between Natives and Whites; Physical Functioning; Psychological Functioning; and Methodology and Review Papers
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The Olmec, Toltec, and Aztec
Mesoamerican Ancient Civilizations The Olmec, Toltec, and Aztec Olmecs of Teotihuacán -“The People of the Land of Rubber…” -Large stone heads -Art found throughout Mesoamerica Olmec Civilization Origin and Impact n The Olmec civilization was thought to have originated around 1500 BCE. Within the next three centuries of their arrival, the people built their capital at Teotihuacán n This ancient civilization was believed by some historians to be the Mother-culture and base of Mesoamerica. “The city may well be the basic civilization out of which developed such high art centers as those of Maya, Zapotecs, Toltecs, and Totonacs.” – Stirling Cultural Practices n The Olmec people would bind wooden planks to the heads of infants to create longer and flatter skulls. n A game was played with a rubber ball where any part of the body could be used except for hands. Religion and Art n The Olmecs believed that celestial phenomena such as the phases of the moon affected daily life. n They worshipped jaguars, were-jaguars, and sometimes snakes. n Artistic figurines and toys were found, consisting of a jaguar with a tube joining its front and back feet, with clay disks forming an early model of the wheel. n Large carved heads were found that were made from the Olmecs. Olmec Advancements n The Olmecs were the first of the Mesoamerican societies, and the first to cultivate corn. n They built pyramid type structures n The Olmecs were the first of the Mesoamerican civilizations to create a form of the wheel, though it was only used for toys. -
Olmec Mirrors: an Example of Archaeological American Mirrors
1 Olmec mirrors: an example of archaeological American mirrors José J. Lunazzi Universidade Estadual de Campinas - Instituto de Física 13083-970 - Campinas - SP - Brazil [email protected] ABSTRACT Archaeological mirrors from the Olmec civilization are described according to bibliographic references and to personal observations and photographs. CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 2. APPEARANCE OF THE MIRRORS 3. HOW TO FIND THEM 4. THEIR SIGNIFICANCE IN THE CULTURAL CONTEXT OF THE OLMECS 5. TYPES OF MIRRORS 6. ON THE QUALITY OF REFRACTIVE ELEMENTS 7. CONCLUSIONS 8. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 9. REFERENCES 2 1. INTRODUCTION This report was not intended to give all the available information on the subject, but just a simple description that may be valuable for improving the knowledge that the optical community may have on it. The author believes to have consulted most of the available scientific bibliography as it can be traced through cross-referencing from the most recent papers. Olmec mirrors are the most ancient archaeological mirrors from Mexico and constitute a very good example of ancient American mirrors. The oldest mirrors found in America are from the Incas, made about 800 years before the Olmecs, dated from findings in archaeological sites in Peru. How this technology would have been extended to the north, appearing within the Olmecs, later within the Teotihuacan civilization, a few centuries before the Spanish colonization, is an interesting matter. Mirrors are important also within the Aztec civilization, that appeared in the proximity of the Olmec and Teotihuacan domains at about the time of their extintion. The extension of the geographic area where these mirrors were employed seems to us not entirely well-known. -
Lifeways of Montana's First People
Lifeways of Montana’s First People User Guide Provided by The Montana Historical Society Education Office (406) 444-4789 www.montanahistoricalsociety.org Funded by a Grant from the E.L. Wiegand Foundation ©2002 The Montana Historical Society Lifeways of Montana’s First People Table of Contents I. Introduction Inventory . .2 Footlocker Use—Some Advice for Instructors . .7 Evaluation Form . .8 MHS Educational Resources . .10 Primary Sources and How to Use Them . .14 Standards and Skills for Lifeways of Montana’s First People . .21 II. Background Information Historical Narrative for Fourth Grade . .23 Historical Narrative for Instructors . .27 Outline for Classroom Presentation . .31 Amazing Montanans—Biographies . .33 Vocabulary List . .41 III. Lessons Lesson 1: The Staff of Life: Buffalo (Apstani), Blackfeet . .43 Lesson 2: Kinship System and Clothing Styles, Crow . .48 Lesson 3: Horse Power, Nez Perce . .50 Lesson 4: Seasons of the People, Salish . .64 Lesson 5: A Valuable Trade, Shoshone . .75 IV. Resources and Reference Materials Worksheets and Independent Work . .82 Bibliography . .87 — 1 — Lifeways of Montana’s First People Inventory Borrower: ___________________________________________ Booking Period: ____________________ The borrower is responsible for the safe use of the footlocker and all its contents during the designated booking period. Replacement and/or repair for any lost items and/or damage (other than normal wear and tear) to the footlocker and its contents while in the borrower’s care will be charged to the borrower’s school. Please have an adult complete the footlocker inventory checklist below, both when you receive the footlocker and when you repack it for shipping, to ensure that all of the contents are intact. -
First Civilizations Cities, States, and Unequal Societies 3500 B.C.E.–500 B.C.E
c h a p t e r t h r e e First Civilizations Cities, States, and Unequal Societies 3500 B.C.E.–500 B.C.E. “Over 100 miles of wilderness, deep exploration into pristine lands, the solitude of backcountry camping, 4-4 trails, and ancient American Indian rock art and ruins. You can’t find a better way to escape civilization!”1 So goes an advertisement for a vacation in Utah’s Canyonlands National Park, one of thousands of similar attempts to lure apparently constrained, beleaguered, and “civilized” city-dwellers into the spacious freedom of the wild and the imagined simplicity of earlier times. This urge to “escape from civilization” has long been a central feature in modern life. It is a major theme in Mark Twain’s famous novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, in which the restless and rebellious Huck resists all efforts to “civilize” him by fleeing to the freedom of life on the river. It is a large part of the “cowboy” image in American culture, and it permeates environmentalist efforts to protect the remaining wilderness areas of the country. Nor has this impulse been limited to modern societies and the Western world. The ancient Chinese teachers of Daoism likewise urged their followers to abandon the structured and demanding world of urban and civilized life and to immerse themselves in the eternal patterns of the natural order. It is a strange paradox that we count the creation of civilization among the major achievements of humankind and yet people within these civilizations have often sought to escape the constraints, artificiality, hierarchies, and other discontents of city living. -
Kiowa County Press Electronic Edition
The Kiowa County September 13, 2019 Volume 132, Number 37 132 Years and Counting! 75¢ Rack Price PRESSFREE online at KiowaCountyPress.net PERIODICAL A2 PEOPLE & PLACES ber 26, October 10 - Open About the Front Page to the public UPCOMING EVENTS 9:00am - Commission- ers will recess 12 - 1 for MAIL TO KIOWACOUNTYPRESS GMAIL COM lunch - 4 day notice is pre- E @ . ferred for posted agenda Eads Drivers License DD- Ranch Bronc Riding Fri ject to background check. 214 or Active Military ID Sept 13 following rodeo & Contact Rob Morlan 719- must be presented at time races at the Kiowa County 688-5928; Jimmy Brown of renewal for Military In- Fairgrounds. 719-892-0032 or Lane signia to be placed on you Gooden 719-688-0924 for license Dusty Plains Car, Truck & more information. Proceeds Bike Show. Contact Bon- to Operation Christmas County Line Rivals will be nie Morgan – PO Box 853- Child & Missionary Projects holding their first Chili Eads, CO 81036 or 719- Cookoff Sat. October 12 688-0746 Eads Drivers License Sept- 11:00am-2:00pm @ Eads Even the birds - watching 17-18-24-25 preparations from the top of Mini Bulls & Bulls Sat Sept Football Field. Vote for the 14 @7pm Live Music with Kiowa County Commis- BEST CHILI. More informa- the horse starting gates - tion shelbygoodrich74@ can’t wait for the annual Rhett Uhland @ 8pm Kiowa sioners Meeting Septem- County Fairgrounds gmail.com or 719-980- 2846 Kiowa County Fair and Rodeo to begin. Kiowa County Fair & Ro- deo September 11-15, BIRTHDAYS September 22 Photo: Chris Sorensen Eads Praise Community • Raelynn Engstrom Church consignment auc- September 16 • Mark Imel • Jason Briggs KiowaCountyPress.net tion September 28. -
Outline of United States Federal Indian Law and Policy
Outline of United States federal Indian law and policy The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to United States federal Indian law and policy: Federal Indian policy – establishes the relationship between the United States Government and the Indian Tribes within its borders. The Constitution gives the federal government primary responsibility for dealing with tribes. Law and U.S. public policy related to Native Americans have evolved continuously since the founding of the United States. David R. Wrone argues that the failure of the treaty system was because of the inability of an individualistic, democratic society to recognize group rights or the value of an organic, corporatist culture represented by the tribes.[1] U.S. Supreme Court cases List of United States Supreme Court cases involving Indian tribes Citizenship Adoption Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians v. Holyfield, 490 U.S. 30 (1989) Adoptive Couple v. Baby Girl, 530 U.S. _ (2013) Tribal Ex parte Joins, 191 U.S. 93 (1903) Santa Clara Pueblo v. Martinez, 436 U.S. 49 (1978) Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians v. Holyfield, 490 U.S. 30 (1989) South Dakota v. Bourland, 508 U.S. 679 (1993) Civil rights Oliphant v. Suquamish Indian Tribe, 435 U.S. 191 (1978) United States v. Wheeler, 435 U.S. 313 (1978) Congressional authority Ex parte Joins, 191 U.S. 93 (1903) White Mountain Apache Tribe v. Bracker, 448 U.S. 136 (1980) California v. Cabazon Band of Mission Indians, 480 U.S. 202 (1987) South Dakota v. Bourland, 508 U.S. 679 (1993) United States v. -
Oxnard Course Outline
Course ID: ANTH R113 Curriculum Committee Approval Date: 09/27/2017 Catalog Start Date: Fall 2018 COURSE OUTLINE OXNARD COLLEGE I. Course Identification and Justification: A. Proposed course id: ANTH R113 Banner title: Ancient Civ of the Americas Full title: Ancient Civilizations of the Americas Previous course id: ANTH R113 Banner title: Ancient Civ of the Americas Full title: Ancient Civilizations of the Americas B. Reason(s) course is offered: This course introduces students to the ancient civilizations of the Americas. It fulfills lower division anthropology requirements at the UC and CSU campuses, is part of the anthropology AA-T, and is on the local, IGETC and CSU GE lists. It also satisfies the ethnic studies requirements at most schools and is accepted as part of the core curriculum for anthropology majors at most colleges and universities. C. Reason(s) for current outline revision: 5 Year Update and course description D. C-ID: 1. C-ID Descriptor: 2. C-ID Status: Not Applicable E. Co-listed as: Current: None Previous: II. Catalog Information: A. Units: Current: 3.00 Previous: 3.00 B. Course Hours: 1. In-Class Contact Hours: Lecture: 52.5 Activity: 0 Lab: 0 2. Total In-Class Contact Hours: 52.5 3. Total Outside-of-Class Hours: 105 4. Total Student Learning Hours: 157.5 C. Prerequisites, Corequisites, Advisories, and Limitations on Enrollment: 1. Prerequisites Current: Previous: 2. Corequisites Current: Previous: 3. Advisories: Current: Previous: 4. Limitations on Enrollment: Current: Previous: D. Catalog description: Current: This course introduces students to the early civilizations of North America, South America, and Mesoamerica. -
Fort Manuel: Its Historical Significance
Copyright © 1976 by the South Dakota State Historical Society. All Rights Reserved. Fort Manuel: Its Historical Significance I RViNG W. ANDERSON The Fort Manuel historic site lies on the west bank of the Missouri River seventy miles south of Bismarck, North Dakota, in the present state of South Dakota. Facts about the site are vague in the minds of the general public as httle has been published about this historical post. When synthesized, how- ever, the total record concerning Fort Manuel reveals that it has dual historical significance.' Established in 1812 by famous Missouri Fur Company trader, Manuel Lisa, Fort Manuel was among the first in the chain of fortified posts that ushered in the fur trading era of the upper Missouri. Although it existed for only a brief period. Fort Manuel claims historical impor- tance, first, because of its involvement in international warfare. On 5 March 1813 it was attacked by Indians and eventually destroyed, apparently upon British instigation arising out of hostilities of the War of 1812. It was reported that fifteen of Manuel Lisa's engages were massacred at the time of the Indian attack. Fort Manuel's second, and perhaps more significant, histori- cal feature lies in its distinction as the place \yhere Sacagawea, the legendary woman member of the Lewis and Clark Expedi- tion, died on 20 December 1812.^ Although records of the period of her death are conclusive as to her identity, a turn of the century theory, which purported that she died in Wyoming 1. When all historical facts are considered. Fort Manuel deserves designation as a Registered National Historic Place, as such identification would properly mark its role in the documented history of the trans-Mississippi West. -
Aberdeen, S.Dak.: Bakeries In, 282–300; Churches In, 256N3, 287
Copyright © 2019 South Dakota State Historical Society. All Rights Reserved. INDEX Aberdeen, S.Dak.: bakeries in, 282–300; churches Fall of Lillian Frances Smith: revd., 324, 326 in, 256n3, 287; historic district in, 283n3; hospital Amerikan Suomalainen, 267 in, 23; immigration to, 257, 259, 283–84; railroads Anarchy U.S.A. (film), 188 in, 282–83; schools in, 9, 23; and WWI, 1–31 Anderson, Timothy G.: book by, revd., 80, 82 Aberdeen American- News, 291, 293, 296, 297–98, Anderson, William: blog post by, 75–77 300 Anglo- Ashanti Campaign, 105n36 Aberdeen Daily American, 3–4, 20, 21, 290 Anishinaabe Indians, 183 Aberdeen Daily News, 289, 292 Anti- communism, 188, 193 Aberdeen Democrat, 288 Apache Indians, 87 African Gold Coast, 105n36 Appeal to Reason, 238–39 Agrarianism, 223, 236–37, 243 Arapaho Indians, 87 Agriculture, 201; farm size and income, 228, 234; Arikara Indians, 200n1, 201–15, 219 grasshopper plagues, 74, 220, 224, 243, 246; and Army- Navy Nurses Act of 1947, 8n12 Great Depression, 220–48; Laura Ingalls Wilder Artesian, S.Dak., 235 and, 59–60, 70–72; and WWI, 222 Arviso, Vivian, 178 Agriculture Adjustment Act of 1933, 240 Ascension Presbyterian Church (Peever), 306–7 Aid to Dependent Children, 241 Ashley, William Henry, 213 Akwesasne Notes, 187, 192 Ashley Island, 202, 211 Alcantara (Franciscan nun), 316 Assimilation, 147, 177 Alcoholism, 181, 196. See also Prohibition Assiniboine River, 200n1 Alexander, Benjamin: book by, revd., 329 Assiniboin Indians, 116n48 Alexander I, 284 Associated Press, 38, 39 Allen, Eustace A., 27 Augur, Christopher C., 160 Almlie, Elizabeth J., 301 Augustana Swedish Lutheran Church, 255, 272–76, Alway, R. -
Prairie Fare: Diet Tips for 2019 Eagle Woman an to Personally Select a Delegation of Thirteen by Julie Garden-Robinson, Percent)
Page 6 -- Tioga Tribune Public Notices Wednesday, January 2, 2019 Playground gift Church Notes Assembly of God - Tioga 5:30 p.m. Confirmation; 7:15 Bethel Baptist Powers Lake Phone: 664-2604 p.m. Youth Group; Thurs: 8 p.m. Pastor Mike Fraunfelter Pastor Daryn Pederson AA meeting Phone: 464-5652 Sun: 9:30 a.m. Sunday School; Sun: 10 a.m. Sunday School 10:30 a.m. Worship Catholic Churches ;Sun:11:00 a.m. Worship Father Corey Nelson First Baptist Church - Tioga Parish Hall: 664-3531 Lake Assembly of God Pastor James Booth Phone: 664-3573 Church: 664-2445 Powers Lake Wed: 6:30 p.m. Awana Clubs; Pastor Jerry Dvorscak Sun: 9:45 a.m. Sunday School, 11 St. Michael’s - Ray Phone: 464-5612 a.m. Worship Sat: Odd Months 7 p.m.; Sun: Sun: 9:30 a.m. Sunday School; Even Months 10:30 a.m.; Wed: 10:30 a.m. Worship First Lutheran Church - Tioga Daily Mass 9 a.m. Office: 664-2824 McGregor-White Earth 10 a.m. Coffee at First; 10:30 St. James - Powers Lake Lutheran a.m. First worship Sun: Odd months 10:30 a.m. Pastoral Intern Mike Olson Sat: Even months 7 p.m. Phone: 546-4121 Trinity Lutheran Church - Tioga Sun: 9 a.m. Zion worship; Fel- Office: 664-2824 St. Thomas - Tioga lowship following; 11 a.m First Sun. 9 a.m. Trinity Worship Sat: 5:00 p.m. Mass; Sun: 8:30 worship a.m. Mass; Daily Mass: Tues. Grace Lutheran Wildrose 6:30 p.m.; Thurs.: 9 a.m.; Wed: 2 Holy Cross Lutheran Church Mon: 1 p.m. -
Olmecs: Where the Sidewalk Begins Jeffrey Benson Western Oregon University
Western Oregon University Digital Commons@WOU Student Theses, Papers and Projects (History) Department of History 2005 Olmecs: Where the Sidewalk Begins Jeffrey Benson Western Oregon University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.wou.edu/his Part of the Latin American History Commons Recommended Citation Benson, Jeffrey, "Olmecs: Where the Sidewalk Begins" (2005). Student Theses, Papers and Projects (History). 126. https://digitalcommons.wou.edu/his/126 This Paper is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of History at Digital Commons@WOU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Student Theses, Papers and Projects (History) by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons@WOU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Olmecs: Where the Sidewalk Begins By Jeffrey Benson Western Oregon University An In Depth Look at the Olmec Controversy Mother Culture or Sister Culture 1 The discovery of the Olmecs has caused archeologists, scientists, historians and scholars from various fields to reevaluate the research of the Olmecs on account of the highly discussed and argued areas of debate that surround the people known as the Olmecs. Given that the Olmecs have only been studied in a more thorough manner for only about a half a century, today we have been able to study this group with more overall gathered information of Mesoamerica and we have been able to take a more technological approach to studying the Olmecs. The studies of the Olmecs reveals much information about who these people were, what kind of a civilization they had, but more importantly the studies reveal a linkage between the Olmecs as a mother culture to later established civilizations including the Mayas, Teotihuacan and other various city- states of Mesoamerica. -
NARRATIVES of NOTHING in TWENTIETH-CENTURY LITERATURE by MEGHAN CHRISTINE VICKS B.A., Middlebury College, 2003 M.A., University of Colorado, 2007
NARRATIVES OF NOTHING IN TWENTIETH-CENTURY LITERATURE by MEGHAN CHRISTINE VICKS B.A., Middlebury College, 2003 M.A., University of Colorado, 2007 A thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Colorado in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Comparative Literature 2011 This thesis entitled: Narratives of Nothing in Twentieth-Century Literature written by Meghan Christine Vicks has been approved for the Department of Comparative Literature _________________________________________________ Mark Leiderman _________________________________________________ Jeremy Green _________________________________________________ Rimgaila Salys _________________________________________________ Davide Stimilli _________________________________________________ Eric White November 11, 2011 The final copy of this thesis has been examined by the signatories, and we find that both the content and the form meet acceptable presentation standards of scholarly work in the above mentioned disciple. iii Vicks, Meghan Christine (Ph.D., Comparative Literature) Narratives of Nothing in Twentieth-Century Literature Thesis directed by Associate Professor Mark Leiderman (Lipovetsky) This study begins with the observation that much of twentieth-century art, literature, and philosophy exhibits a concern with nothing itself. Both Martin Heidegger and Jean Paul Sartre, for example, perceive that nothing is part-and-parcel of (man’s) being. The present study adopts a similar position concerning nothing and its essential relationship to being, but adds a third element: that of writing narrative. This relationship between nothing and narrative is, I argue, established in the writings of Friedrich Nietzsche, Mikhail Bakhtin, Jacques Derrida, and Julia Kristeva. As Heidegger and Sartre position nothing as essential to the creation of being, so Nietzsche, Bakhtin, Derrida, and Kristeva figure nothing as essential to the production of narrative.