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European Perspectives APRIL 2020, VOLUME 11, NUMBER 1 (19) EUROPEAN PERSPECTIVES INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL ON EUROPEAN PERSPECTIVES EUROPEAN PERSPECTIVES International Scientific Journal on European Perspectives EDITOR: Milan Jazbec ASSISTANT EDITOR: Nataša Šuštar B. EDITORIAL BOARD Matej Accetto (Católica Global School of Law, Portugal) • Dennis Blease (University of Cranfield, UK• Vlatko Cvrtila (University of Zagreb, Croatia) • Vladimir Prebilič (University of Ljubljana, Slovenia) • Albert Rakipi (Albanian Institute for International Studies, Albania) • Erwin Schmidl (University of Vienna, Austria) • Vasilka Sancin (University of Ljubljana, Slovenia) • Uroš Svete (University of Ljubljana, Slovenia) • Katja Zajc Kejžar (University of Ljubljana, Slovenia) • Jernej Zupančič (University of Ljubljana, Slovenia) • Mitja Žagar (Institute for Ethnic Studies, Slovenia) • Jelica Štefanović Štambuk (University of Belgrade, Serbia) EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD Murat Bilhan (Istanbul Kultur University, Turkey) • Erhard Busek (Institute for the Danube Region and Central Europe, Austria) • Mustafa Cerić (University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina) • Victor Jackovich (Jackovich International, USA) • Jacques Rupnik (Centre for International Studies and Research, France) • Goran Svila- nović (RCC, Bosnia and Herzegovina) • Savo Kentera (Centre for International Relations, Montenegro) EDITORIAL OFFICE ADDRESS European Perspectives is a peer-reviewed international scientific journal, published twice a year (in April and October) by International Institute for Middle East and Balkan Studies – IFIMES. Views expressed in contribu- tions are those of authors and do not represent views of their respected institutions, unless specified otherwise. IFIMES has Special Consultative Status with the Economic and Social Council ECOSOC/UN since 2018. International Institute for Middle East and Balkan Studies - IFIMES, Vošnjakova ulica 1, P.O.Box 2795, SI-1001 LJUBLJANA, Slovenia, E-mail: [email protected], www.ifimes.org More information about the journal on website: www.europeanperspectives.org Manuscriptis should be forwarded to the Assistant Editor by email on [email protected]. Indexed in: International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS) ISNN 1855-7694 EUROPEAN PERSPECTIVES INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL ON EUROPEAN PERSPECTIVES VOLUME 11 NUMBER 1 (19) APRIL 2020 Published by International Institute for Middle-East and Balkan studies - IFIMES. IFIMES has Special Consultative Status with the Economic and Social Council ECOSOC/UN since 2018. contents EUROPEAN PERSPECTIVES INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL ON EUROPEAN PERSPECTIVES VOLUME 11 NUMBER 1 (19), APRIL 2020 Letter from the Editor 5 GUEST VIEW Pandemics on the Rise 9 Milan Jazbec ARTICLES Diplomacy and Intelligence Services: Reflection 17 on small states Dancho Markovski Responsibility of the United Nations for peacekeeping 41 operations: recent developments in dual attribution Petra Kocen Immigration as a Key Factor in the United Kingdom’s 69 Decision to Withdraw from the European Union Viona Rashica Slovenian Gambling Industry: From Land Based to a Need 89 of Stronger Internationalization Aljoša Komljenović The Vienna Conventions on Diplomatic and on Consular 115 Relations: A Philosophy of the Preambles Milan Jazbec 25 Years after the Dayton Peace Agreement – Way Ahead 141 Zijad Bećirović BOOK REVIEWS Stop Genocide and Holocaust Denial; Conference 171 Proceedings IV International Conference Petra Kocen From WWI to WWW. Geopolitics 100 Years Later 175 Anis H. Bajrektarević Styliani Papadimitriou General Submission guidelines 179 Letter from the Editor Recently, this journal stepped into the second decade of its existence. From the twentieth anniversary of the end of the Cold War to the world highly dominated by social media, in particular tweet. Hopefully, Descartes is not turning around in the place where he rests. A rather charming perspective of a partially mysterious year 2020 (numbers like 22022020 or 02022020 appear on the calendar and in real life only few times in a millennium – we witnessed both of them and some others as well) was exceedingly brutal swept away with the outburst of the C–19 pandemics. It has been a global shock for the human race. Also Brexit is still political mantra, and diplomats remain to be part of the information gathering machinery. Hence, these are also topics we contemplate on the following pages. The first article focuses on a relation between diplomacy and intelligence services. An everlasting dilemma that is still far from being solved, what goes even more for small states. The respected author, being himself a career diplomat, dwells on organizational, policy and substantial questions of dealing with the researched topic. It is up to each country to choose the approach, though basic principles are known and should be taken into account. Sensitive. Our second contribution discusses the UN peace keeping operations with a reference to dual attribution. The ambitious author looks at the aspects of the UN’s responsibility in the current practice and the way how it is being shared. Some cases have already been filed at national courts of troop-contributing States to further outline this issue. There is a question if current circumstances would make it possible for each side to accept its own part. Focal. The third contemplation brings our attention to Brexit having in mind immigration as one of key determinants of the voters’ decision to withdraw from the EU. The knowledgeable author uncovers that the question of controlling immigration paves the way for the social structure of citizenship and its management. Obviously Eurosceptic 7 views prevailed. This journal continues to pay attention to this challenging act of the United Kingdom. Analitical. The fourth discussion deals with the strategic orientation of the Slovene gambling industry that faces, although not being an exact part of its strategy, the need for going more strongly international. The expert author brings to the point that gambling industry, in particular in the time of C – 19 pandemics, has definitely become an on line area. In a certain way more outspoken internationalization has been a part of gambling tradition in Slovenia. Insightful. The fifth paper dwells on the philosophy of the Preambles of the Vienna Conventions on Diplomatic Relations and on Consular Relations. It’s their uniqueness, ethics, formality and flexibility that have been determining their main messages for the past sixty years. Encrypted. The sixth piece of exanimation contemplates the Dayton Peace Accords 25 years after its adoption. The Agreement brought peace to the country, but also affected significantly its functionality. An overture to our October issue that brings a section on Dayton. Remember. Our first book review elaborates on conclusions of the “Stop Genocide and Holocaust Denial” Conference that took place in Sarajevo in June 2019, and the second one speaks about a collection of papers with a unique, innovative style. Plus, the current Guest View contemplates the major crisis that happened in the recorded human history – the pandemics of the C – 19 virus, an unprecedented standstill, unimaginable only a while ago. Not only a careful reader will notice our bellow intonation: Slovenia is preparing for its second Presidency of the EU Council, having in mind the Congress of Ljubljana that took place two centuries ago. Diplomacy is null without tradition. See you in autumn. Ljubljana, April 2020 M. J. From the Congress of Ljubljana 1821 to the Presidency of the EU Council 2021 8 guest view Pandemics on the Rise Milan Jazbec EUROPEAN PERSPECTIVES − INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL ON EUROPEAN PERSPECTIVES VOLUME 11, NUMBER 1 (19), PP 9-14, APRIL 2020 Pandemics on the Rise Milan Jazbec1 The beginning of the third decade of the still new millennium that the year 2020 brought around looked optimistic, enthusiastic and full of expectations. Relatively speaking, issues seemed to be well in order, if this is a phrase that one could ever afford to use it while commenting and discussing international affairs. We did take this comfort, though. As it became obvious not less than two months later, things went horribly wrong. That horribly that it was, at least from the beginning, not possible to believe. Not only to believe, but also to comprehend and to accept them in their plain truth. As days passed by, the dimensions of the new corona virus (C – 19) that spread around the globe from China, where it was noticed for the first time, were accelerated with an immense speed. The initial surprise, the scale of speed as well as the scale of intensifying spread of the virus, resulted in rather slow reactions of governments and even slower accommodation of populations being neither prepared nor willing to believe. First information about the virus came out into public in late December of 2019, while in mid-February of 2020 first measures pointing towards semi lock down started to take place. Already in the first week of March state borders across Europe were closing down. In the beginning of April lock down became phrase of the day and it still is now. Within less than a quarter of the year the whole world was brought to a slow down. One could guess that from the Moon it would have looked like a complete stop of the Earth. For the first time in recorded human history, life on the globe practically stopped, with immense consequences on each field of human activity. 1 Dr. Milan Jazbec is professor of diplomacy at the NOVA University
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