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Students' Tolerance Behavior in Religious-Based Primary School International Journal of Educational Research Review Students’ Tolerance Behavior in Religious-Based Primary School: Gender Perspective Wita Juwıta1*, Abdul Salim2, Winarno Winarno3 ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article History: Tolerance in the pluralism and multiculturalism is a demand. The diversity requires a unity through Received 06.04.2018 the acceptance and appreciation, furthers, it is a cooperative attitude that upholds the value of Received in revised form harmony. The aim of this research is to analyze and describe how the students’ tolerance behavior in Accepted 23.05.2018 a religious-based primary school in the gender perspective. The distinct attitude on the male and Available online 01.07.2018 female students in the daily basis heightens the fact of this case in tolerance also happened among them. Employing the qualitative method, this study implemented case study. The result shows that there is a distinct tolerance behavior to the male and female students in religious-based primary school. The male students tend to be more ignorant towards the differences; meanwhile; the female students are more sensitive towards the diversity in their environment. © 2018 IJERE. All rights reserved Keywords:1 Tolerance behavior, religious-based primary school, gender. INTRODUCTION Tolerance is a necessary element of intercultural communication; is the ability to understand the important thing not only in own, but in a different culture, to see value starts in the other, alien faith, to isolate the grounds that do not contradict the spiritual and moral values (Aubakirova, Ismagambetova, Karabayeva, Rysbekova, & Mirzabekova, 2016). Terminologically, tolerance is letting other people do according to their interest (Jamrah, 2015). Tolerance of individuals requires that each person’s viewpoint receives a courteous hearing, not that all views have equal worth, merit, or truth (Von Bergen & Collier, 2013). Tolerance is based on the diversity. The difference is absolute, everyone can not change it. Besides, the essence of tolerance is that it is the quality of the culture of every society and every citizen regardless of gender, age, profession or ethnicity (Aubakirova et al., 2016). Each person has various differences in physics, personalities and perspectives. There are two sides of impacts of diversity, which are negative and positive. The negative impact is the conflicts occurred from the inability to accept the differences or even from self- obtrude. In the other side, the positive impact shows that there is a more unique and more varied culture and identity of the country. Indonesia is a plural country with its archipelago area which has particular unique identity. The well- known motto of the Indonesian state is “Bhinneka Tunggal Ika”, which means “Unity in Diversity“. This word symbolizes the fact that this populous nation is spread across thousands of islands and consists of multi-ethnic groups with their own vernaculars, colourful cultures, religions and/or indigenous beliefs and live and spread on the thousands of islands (UNESCO, 1998). With its large geographical area and various socio-cultural, it demands every single civilian to apply the tolerance in daily life. The country who has unique multi-ethnic and multi-mental like Indonesia, faces its own dilemma, in one side it leads Indonesia being a multi-cultural nation-state, in another side it leads to some threats (Lestari, 2015). The importance of tolerance in pluralism and multiculturalism will have effect on the cooperation and harmony among the civilians. It is urgently required to introduce tolerance behavior to the children in early age (Safrilsyah, 2015). Moral education and character is used for strengthening human relationships within a framework of a broad organizational system that is state or government (Slamet, 2018). Indonesia consists of 34 provinces, each province has its own characteristics ranging from ethnicity, language, color and culture. Cultural characteristics of each region is different and therefore the culture of each region needs to be introduced as a local wisdom so that cultural identity can be understood by anyone. Every culture in Indonesia has similarities and differences. In general, Indonesia has a strong culture of 1 [email protected], orcid.org/0000-0003-0398-4474 Sebelas Maret University, Sebelas Maret University2, Sebelas Maret University3 51 www.ijere.com Juwita,W., Abdul Salim, Winarno Winarno (2018). Students’ tolerance behavior in religious-based primary school: Gender perspective. International Journal of Educational Research Review,3(3),51-58. cooperation among its citizens. The undermining of the culture of cooperation in Indonesia is limited to inter-regional cooperation. The existence of cultural differences between regions limits the implementation of the attitude of cooperation of Indonesian citizens. Education has important role to revert person’s behavior including the tolerance behavior implementation. Religion teaching becomes an effort in shaping and strengthening the characteristics (Mahmoudi, 2017). Therefore, Religious-based primary schools are able to be the alternative in shaping the positive characteristics on the students’ tolerance behavior due to both education and religion have high relevancy in shaping characteristics (Short, 1970). The difference in male and female characteristics in several aspects becomes one of this research backgrounds (Hyde, 2014). The male who tends to be more masc uline and female who is feminine have special characteristics in social interaction and individual life (Santrock, 2006). The conduct of this research contributes to many parties, especially parents in providing the best education and quality for their children. Religious-based primary schools can be an alternative in applying tolerance to students so that students have good social skills with the people around them. The lack of time allocation in religion subject in Indonesia has been a reason for estab lishment of religious-based school in Indonesia (Ministry of religion, 2007). The learning activities inside and outside the class are taught based on the religion they believe. Recent development in this research is on the latest way in analyzing the s tudents’ tolerance behavior conducted in religious-based primary school in gender perspective. The previous research discusses the religion role on the religion ethnic (Idris, Abdullah, Ahmda, & Mansor, 2016), others focuses on the more general aspects not on the tolerance behavior in primary school (Von Bergen & Collier, 2013). Situation of the Problem The fact happening today is that students in religion-based primary schools commit discriminatory actions against each other and sometimes show things that are not taught by their religion such as insulting, bullying, and mocking. Especially in male and female student. These acts reflect intolerance. So, what factors are the causes of intolerance attitude happened to students who attend religion-based primary school? Is the role of religion-based elementary school in teaching and applying the attitude of tolerance has not been optimal yet? or such deviations occur due to outside influences that becomes a tradition perpetuated by students? Aim of the Study The purpose of this study is to describe how the student’s tolerance attitude in primary schools in a gender perspective. Analyzing whether there is a difference between male and female students' tolerance stance and the causes and effects of such differences in tolerance. The novelty and uniqueness of this research is the existence of gender reviews in analyzing students' tolerance. Characteristic differences in male and female students are usually only analyzed in general and not in depth on a particular attitude, but in this study discussed in detail about the tolerance of male and female students METHOD This research was conducted by using a qualitative approach with case study method (Creswell, 2012). The population of this study is all religion-based primary schools in Bandung. While the samples used are Islamic and Christian religion-based primary schools. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling.Purposive sampling is a technique of sampling data sources with certain considerations (Yin, 2002). The reason for the use of purposive sampling technique is that the majority of the population of Indonesia is Islam adherents, following next is Christianity adherents. The instrument used in this study is the researcher himself, because in qualitative research the researcher acts as a human instrument that serves to establish the focus of research, to select informants as data sources, to collect data, to assess data quality, to analyze data, to interpret data and to make conclusions on the findings (Miles & Huberman, 1992). Data collection techniques used in this study are interview and observation. The reason of using interview and observation is that with both data collection techniques, the researcher can obtain deeper data sources from informants and resource persons with extensive information on the role of religious-based primary schools in applying tolerance. The type of interview used in this study is an unstructured interview 52 www.ijere.com Juwita,W., Abdul Salim, Winarno Winarno (2018). Students’ tolerance behavior in religious-based primary school: Gender perspective. International Journal of Educational Research Review,3(3),51-58. or better known as an open interview (Sugiyono, 2016). Open interviews were conducted because the researcher
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