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The Sabbath and Jubilee Cycle

The Sabbath and Jubilee Cycle

Index

AATB, 41, 51, 62-63, 86, 261 AEO, 114, 116 Altar, 140a, 194, 202-203, 182 Ab. (Aboth), 12, 23, 255 AF, 325 Altars, 129, 140a, 193 Ab (Abu), 4, 12, 177, 179, 190, Africa, 87, 114, 117 Alurus, 313 239, 249, 252-253, 255, 302, African, 117 Aman-Nete-Yerike, 119 305, 307, 327, 329, 331, 336, Africanus, 89-90, 96, 99 Ambuscades, 205 339-340, 345, 349, 352, 354-356 Agricultural, 26 Amen Hotep Zagdur, 103 [Queen], 94-95, 101, 362 Agrippa, 298 Amen Asero, 103 ABC, 39-40, 43, 54, 65, 67, 79, 263 Agrippa [son of Herod Agrip- Amenardus or Amenirdis, (Ni- Abib (Nisan), 4, 6-8, 12, 17, 21-23, 26, pa], 177, 246, 255, 295, 302, cauto Kandake) [Queen], 101, 36-40, 42, 44-46, 48, 121, 125-127, 307-308 103, 111, 113, 118 132, 147a-b, 151a-b, 155a-b, 167, Agrippa, Herod, 282 Amenophis, 97 169, 171-173, 175, 178-179, 205, Agrippa, Marcus, 243, 255, 259, Amkaruna (Ekron), 144b, 145b 215, 224, 228, 231-233, 235-236, 304 , 96, 99 243-246, 267, 275, 285, 303, 308, Ahaua river, 161 Amm. Mar. (Ammianus Marcel- 321, 341-342, 344-345, 355, 357-359 Ahaz, 34-36, 126, 129, 151a-b linus), 76 Abdi-liti, 134b AHE, 86, 93-94, 363 Ammon (Noa Ammon, Thebes) Abodah Zarah (A.Zar.), 10, 22, Ahenobarbo or Ahenobarbus, [the Egyptian city], 109 177, 246 Domintius, 292, 298 Ammon [the country], 74, 123 Abomination, 194 AHI, 43, 51, 57, 61-62, 64-65, 81, Ammoni (Beth-Ammoni), 43 Abra, Handu Wuha, 103, 364 86, 91, 130 Amon (Amun), 119 , 74, 96 AHJP, 51, 57, 64, 86, 137a Amonortais (Amenirdis), 113 Abralyus Wiyankihi, 101, 103 AHOE, 51, 68, 85-86, 92-95, 98, Amon-Re>µ (Amun, Amon, ), Abshalom bar Khanin, 287 111, 113-114, 117-118 94, 361 Abu (Ab), 39, 41, 179, 183 Aiaru (Iyyar), 179 (Emori), 11 Academies, 9 AJ, 304, 329, 351 Amos, 6, 312, 344 Accession, 42, 90, 163, 166-168, AJC, 304 Amoz, 143a, 148a, 152a 234, 242, 288, 294, 364 Akiba, Rabbi, 224, 333, 347, 353 Amphora, 338 Accession-year [system or meth- , 39-40, 43, 54, 65 Amun (Amon), 106, 361-362 od], 163, 166-168, 209-210 Akkadian, 65, 74 Amurru, 129, 134b, Acerronius Proculus, Gnaeus, 289 Akkû, 134b Ananias, 25 Achaea, 309 Akra, 185-186, 195-197 Ananus, 25 Achilles, 62 Aksumay Ramissu, 103 Anatolius, 342-343 Acilius Aviola, 288, 290 Aksumay Warada Tsahay (Pi- ANET, 39-40, 52, 69, 88, 96, 108- Acilius, Manius, 299, 291 ankhi Alara), 93-94, 97, 101, 109, 112-113, 129, 138b, 182, Acquittal, 159 103, 106-107, 113 364 Acquitted, 165 Akzib, 134b ANETP, 52 Acrabetene, 310 Al Karak, 312 Angel, 32-33, 36-38, 155a-b Actisanes, 92 Alara, Piankhi (Aksumay Wara- Anlamani (‘Nkh--Ra), 119 Actium, 244-245, 272, 289 da Tsahay), 94-95, 97, 101, 103, Annalists, 65-66 Acts, 6, 33, 92 106-107, 113, 361 Annals, 61, 63, 77, 83-84, 131 Adadnirari, 42, 97 Albanians, 230 Antigonus, 177, 222, 230-231, Adados (Ben-Hadad), 98 Albright, William F., 51 235-236, 241-244, 251, 253-254, Adar (Addaru), 12, 172, 175, 179, Alcimus (Jakeimos), 202-203 267, 275 206, 226, 231, 236, 245, 250, Alcuin, 11 Anti-Jewish, 13 253, 267 Aleppo, 114 Antimony, 57, 137b Addaru (Adar), 42, 179, 263 Alexander [son of Aristobulus], Antioch, 184-186, 188-189, 196, Adiabene, 76, 174 250, 253, 315 200, 202, 241, 244, 254, 280- Administrators, 344 Alexander, son of Theodorous 282, 284-285 Adonai, 153a [an envoy of Hyrcanus], 207 Antiochia, 202 Adopt, 315 [son of Phil- Antiochus [various], 98 Adoptions, 94-95 ip], 24, 34, 170, 172, 193 Antiochus [adopted son of Anti- Adora, 313-314 , 172, 207, ochus IV], 182-183 Adrammelech (Sua, Shabako), 213-214 Antiochus of Commagene, 238 81, 110 Alexandra [Queen], 15, 24, 265- Antiochus (IV) Epiphanes, 24, Adummatu or Adumu, 73-74 266 172, 182-183, 185, 188-189, 193- Aegean Sea, 117 Alexandria, 233, 236, 279 195, 208 Aelia Capitolina, 323 Allieno, 298 Antiochus (V) Eupator, 169, 177, Aelius Hadrian, 13, 23, 288, 323- Alphabet, 321 181-190, 195-196, 198-203 327, 329-332, 335, 339, 347, Altakû or Altaku (Eltekeh), 44, Antiochus (VI), 210 354, 356 125, 130, 145b Antiochus (VII), 209-210

387 388 Index

Antipater [father of Herod], 250, Aristobulus the Great, 343 , 29, 33-35, 39, 41-42, 45, 274-275, 315 Aristocracy, 281 52-55, 57, 64-65, 68-71, 75-77, Antipater [son of Herod], 231 Ariston of Pella, 323, 325-326 79-81, 95, 97, 105, 116-117, 123- Antistius, 298 Ark of the covenant, 239 124, 127, 129, 131, 135a-136a, Antium, 291 Armament, 136 137a, 138a-139a, 140a, 141a- Antonia, 302 Armenian, 76 142a, 143a, 144a, 145b, 147a, Antonino or Antoninus, 299 Armies, 65, 78-79, 106, 194, 198- 148a, 150a-b, 152a, 153a-154a, Antonius, Gaius, 255, 259, 263- 199, 155a-156 264 Armor, 137b, 194 Assyrian, 8, 29-34, 36-38, 39, 41- Antony, Mark, 229-231, 234-235, Arpad, 129, 142a, 148a, 45, 51-53, 55-59, 61-71, 73, 76- 237-239, 241, 244, 253-254, 267, Arrian, 34 81, 84-85, 88-89, 91-92, 95-96, 274-275, 289 Arrow, 30, 65, 81, 127, 154a 106, 108-110, 112, 114, 116, Anysis, 92 Arrows, 56, 137b 120-132, 135a-b, 137a, 138a- Aorist, 183-184, 220 Arruntio, 298 139a, 141b-142a, 144b, 147a-b, AOT, 51, 86 Arruntius, Camillus, 292 148b, 154a, 155a, 358 APA, 236, 281 Artabanus, 164-165, 168 Assyrian-Mesopotamian, 78 Apellaios or Apellaeus, 175, 176, Arta-xerxes (I) Longimanus Assyrians, 29-30, 33, 35-39, 42- 179, 240, 293, 305 (Arthkhshastha, Xerxes), 8, 160- 44, 51-54, 56, 58, 64-66, 69-71, Apion, 279, 313 168, 190, 205, 211, 240, 348 74-76, 78, 80, 85, 88, 91-92, 95, , 87 Arta-xerxes (II) Mnemon, 160 106, 108-110, 118, 122, 126, Appuleius, 299 Artemisius (Artemisios), 179, 128-129, 131-132, 134a, 144b, Appuleius, Marcus, 245, 272 246, 295, 302-303, 305-307, 326 146a-b, 147b-148a, 154b Appuleius or Apuleius, Sextus, Artemis, 193-194 Astronomical schools, 342 289, 294, 298 Artemisios (Artemisius), 179 Asuru, 43, 135b Apr. (April), 4, 170, 228, 355 Arthkhshastha (Arta-), As-varus or Asverus, 325, 335, April, 6, 8, 12, 17, 21-22, 39-40, 160 367-368 46, 48, 163, 169, 175, 179, 187, Artificers, 147b Aswan (Syene), 109-110 189, 205, 211, 213-215, 232, Artillery, 200 Asylum, 164 242, 245-246, 254, 267, 273, Arvadi, 43, 134b ATB, 312 280, 284-285, 289, 292, 295, Arzani, 109 Athens, 231, 241 301-303, 305, 307, 311, 322, Arzawa, 116 Athribis, 88 326-327, 329, 337, 343-345, 357 AS, 29, 33, 39-45, 51-52, 57-58, Atonement, 3, 20-21, 247-249, 253 Aproniano, 299 64-65, 67, 71, 73-74, 77, 79, 81, Atserk, 98 Apuleius, Marcus, 245, 272, 84, 92, 134a-b, 137b, 138b Attic, 210, 234, 255-256, 259 Aqabah, Gulf of, 73, 312 Asa, 79, 103 Attic-Olympiad, 176, 256, 259 Aqueducts, 58 Asaph, 139a, 142a Auah, 142a, 148a Arab, 73-77, 147b, 263, 313 Asdudimmu, 41 Audynaios or Audyneus, 179, 256 ARAB, 134-135, 141, 161, 39-45, Asero, Amen, 103 Aug. (August), 4, 12, 39, 41, 162, 54, 58, 65, 68-69, 73-74, 76, 78, , 41-43, 56, 68, 95, 123, 177, 179, 190, 206, 239, 249, 88, 95-97, 108-109, 112, 116, 182, 144b 252-253, 256, 289, 302, 305, 123, 134a-b, 137b Ashdodi, 134b 307, 326-327, 329, 331, 335-336, Arabah, 312 Ashes, 202 339-340, 345, 349, 352, 355-356 Arabia, 73-76, 92, 116, 146b, 174, Ashkelon, 43, 57, 67, 69-70, 123- August, 13, 238, 260-261, 281, 235, 313 124, 135a-b, 144b, 313 289, 303, 325-327, 329-330, 347 Arabian, 74-76 Asia, 68, 70, 75, 79, 87, 114, 116- Augustus (Octavian) Caesar, Arabians, 75-76, 116, 146b 117, 123, 134a, 146b, 165, 169, 245, 260-261, 289-290, 293-294, Arabs, 73-77, 147b, 262-263, 275, 230-231, 245, 314 298, 301, 304 312, 315 Asia Minor, 109, 116-117, 134b, Auran, 199 Aracharis, 138a, 144a 164-165 Aurelius, M., 298 Aradii, 230-231, 253 Asiatic, 109, 116 AUSS, 51, 62-63, 66-67, 73, 75, 78, Arahsamnu (Marheshuan), 179, Asiatico or Asiaticus, 299 81, 86-87, 89, 107, 113, 127-128 182 Asiatics, 89 Aviola, Acilius, 288, 290, 299 Arak. or Arakin, 10, 15, 330 Asiaticus or Asiatico, 299 Awseya, Urda-Amen (Urda- Aram, 92, 129 Asinius, C., 298 mane), 101, 103 Aramaeans, 74 Asinius Gallus, 261 Awseyo Sera, 103 Aramaic, 57, 82, 85, 137a, 140a, Asinius Marcellus or Marcus Ayr Nakhash (‘Ir Nahash),\ 320 141a, 344 Asinius, 288, 290-291, 299 A.Zar. (Abodah Zarah), 10, 12, Ararat, 81 Asinius Pollio, Gaius, 234-235, 23, 177, 246 Arbailu, Nabuli of, 39 254 Azotus (Ashdod), 182, 193 Archelaus, 231-232 Aspelta (Aspurta), 103 Archers, 198 Asprenas or Asprenate, 298 , 129, 288, 304, 319, 340 Archetypal, 342 Aspurta, Zaware Nebret (Aspel- Baal, 129 Archive list, 93, 112-113, 363-364 ta), 103, 364 Babylon, 19, 42, 54, 67, 73, 75-76, Archives, 87, 93, 96, 105, 111-113, Assassin, 176 92, 117, 161-164, 168, 170, 174, 319 Assassinated, 284, 290, 309 178, 182, 194, 249 Arcturus, 239 Assassination, 176, 290, 350 Babylonia, 9, 24, 34, 40, 42, 54, ARE, 34, 85, 87, 89, 90-91, 93, 95- Assassins, 206 67, 73-76, 116-118, 128, 160, 96, 107-108, 116, 119, 363-364 Asses, 56, 136b 171, 315 ARI, 89 Assideans, 203 Babylonian, 10, 14-15, 20, 23-24, Aries, 341 Assur, 52, 76, 116, 134b, 145b 39-40, 43, 63, 65, 67, 73-76, 78- Aristobulus [father of Antigo- Assurbanipal, 69, 88, 108-109, 79, 81, 163-164, 167-169, 171- nus], 254, 263, 265-266, 315 112 173, 176-177, 182, 224, 313, Aristobulus (Antigonus) [son of Assur-dan, 97 332, 341, 358 Aristobulus], 235 Assur-nadin-shumi, 39, 54, 75 Babylonian Chronicle, 39-40 Aristobulus, Judas, 315 Assur-uballit, 76, 97 Babylonian-Jewish, 173 Index 389

Babylonians, 12, 44, 74, 76, 163, Bib., 7, 13, 181 Caesar, Titus (Tito), 34, 177, 208, 166, 171, 174 Biblical, 5, 32, 53, 77, 81, 121, 171, 245, 294, 299, 305-307, 309-310, Bacenor, 192 173 335, 339-340 Baggage, 78 BIFAO, 89 Caesare, 298-299 Bakers, 270 Bifurcated, 106-107 Caesarea, 294, 304, 309-310 Balbo, 298 Bifurcation, 108 Caesars, 288, 294, 298 Balsdon, 282 Biographer, 326 Caesiano, 298 Banaibarka, 43, 135b Birthday, 289 Caethego, 298 Bandit, 322 Bit-Dakkuri, 74 Cage, 59 Banditry, 282 Bithynia, 245 Caged bird, 44, 56, 66, 144b, 154a Banquet, 242 Bit Jibrin, 313 CAH, 41, 45, 54, 62, 68, 73, 85-86, Baraitha, 78 Bit-Yakin, 54 88-89, 92-93, 95-96, 107-108, Barbarians, 174, 229, 238 Bit-Zitti, 134b 110, 112, 182, 363-364 Barbarous, 186, 196 BJK, 13 Cake, 150a Bar Kochba Revolt, 7-9, 11-13, Black Sea, 262 Calendars, 171 15-17, 19, 22-23, 25-26, 302, Bloch, Heinrich, 265 Caligula Caesar, Gaius, 279-285, 319, 321-323, 325-326, 329, 331- Block, 70 289-290, 298 334, 336, 355-356- 357, 367 Blockaded, 44, 53, 56, 58, 71, 128 Calvinus, Ganeus Domitius, 234- Bar-Kokhba (Kochba), 340 Blockades, 58 235, 254 Bar Kochba, Simeon (Shimeon) Blockading, 124 Calvisius, C., 298 (Simeon ben Kosiba), 9, 11, 13- Blosser, Don, 220, 282 Cambridge Ancient History, 45 14, 16, 19, 23, 25, 317, 319, 321, Bocchoris (Bekenrinef), 93, 95, Cambyses (Kambyses), 103, 109, 323, 326-327, 329-337, 340, 344- 107, 112 363-364 345, 347-348, 350-356 Boedromion, 256 Camels, 56, 136b Barley, 238-239, 267, 280 Boil, 150a Camerino, 298 Barnea, Qadesh, 312 Booty, 52, 69, 135b, 138b, 193, 310 Camerinus, Quintus Sulpicius, 293 Barrett, C. K., 12 Bowl, 312 Camillus Arruntius, 292 Barton, George A., 51 Bowmen, 131, 145b Caninius Gallus, 243, 255, 259, 304 Barzabanes, 254 Bows, 126, 137b, 138b, 147b Capitals, 116 Barzaphranes, 235 Boxwood, 57, 137b Capito (Capitone), 299 BASOR, 51, 86, 89, 351 Bozrah, 312 Capitolina, Aelia, 323 Basso or Bassuss, 299 Breach, 243 Capitone (Capito), 299 Bastion, 79 Breached, 243, 251 Captain, 203, 339 Battalions, 70 Breaches, 56, 136b Captains, 136a, 196, 201 Battering-rams, 56, 135b Breasted, James Henry, 85, 94 Captive, 5-6 Battlecry, 198 Breastplates, 193, 199 Captives, 138b Battled, 130, 186, 188 Bright, John, 51, 57, 61, 63, 65, 86, 91 Captivity, 6, 14, 24, 122 Battlements, 199 Britain, 324 Carlsberg Glyptotek, Ny, 362 Battles, 40, 44, 137a, 182, 252, 324 , 52, 118 Carthage, 13 Bazu, 74 Bronze, 137b, 198 Carthaginian, 233 BC, 164, 166 Brumalia, 241 Cartouch, 118-119 Be-Adar, 179, 228, 257 Brundisium, 234 Casius, 314 Bede, 343-344 BS, 51, 53, 56-57, 62, 65, 70, 73, Cassander, 170 Beds, 137b, 223-224 75, 77, 81-82, 86, 121, 130, 153a Cassiodorus Senator, 213, 234, Beer-Sheba, 69 , 109 259-260, 294, 298 Beheaded, 244 Bubonic, 33 Cassius, L., 298 Beit Skaria (Bethzacharias), 186 Budapest, 184 Cassius Dio (Dio), 229, 245 Bekenrinef (Bocchoris), 93, 95, Budge, E. A. Wallis, 51, 68, 96, Cassius, Gaius, 233, 235, 274-275 107, 110, 112 116-117 Castor, 170 Beke-Re (Ta-Nuat-Amun), 119 Buduilu, 134b Catapults, 333 Bel, 40, 168 Bul (Marheshuan), 179 Cataract, 109-110 Belibni, 39-40, 43, 54, 67, 75 Butler, 52 Catiline, 263-264 Bellino Cylinder, 39-40 Byblos (Gubli), 43 Cattle, 3, 22, 56, 136b, 244 Ben-Hadad, 98 Byt [King of Lower ], 118- Cavalrymen, 78 Benjamin, 55, 135a 119 Cave, 308 Berea (Beroea), 188 Caves, 5, 287, 319, 345, 349-350 Berodach-Baladan (Merodach- Caecilius, 298 CAW, 39-40, 43, 54, 62, 75, 85-87, Baladan), 54 Caesar, Augustus (Octavian), 90-91, 107, 119, 163 Beroea (Berea), 188, 202 245, 260-261, 289-290, 293-294, CBN, 87, 93-94, 96-98, 103, 105- Berosus, 51, 53, 59, 62, 69-70, 75, 298, 301, 304 106, 108, 110, 112, 363 78, 80, 122, 134a, 146a, 155a Caesar, Claudius (Claudio), 288, CCL, 335 Beth-Ammoni (Ammoni), 134b 290-291, 299 CD, 213 Beth-Dagon, 43, 123, 135b Caesar, Domitian, 294, 364 CE, 261 Bether (Beth Thera), 336 Caesar, Drusus (Druso), 293, 298 Cedars, 153a Bethlehem, 287, 313, 319, 350 Caesar, Gaius Caligula, 279-285, Celestials, 35 Beth-Shean, 325 290, 298 Censorship, 65 Bethsura (Bethzura), 186 Caesar, Gaius Julius, 8, 213-214, Census, 261 Bethther (Beth Thera), 340, 349 260-261, 289 Centurions, 250 Beth Thera, 12, 323, 325, 327, 329, 331, Caesar, Germanicus (Germani- Cereals, 269, 280 335-337, 339-340, 349-350, 354, 356 co), 298 Ceres, festival of, 292 Beththor (Beth Thera), 339 Caesar, Nero (Nerone), 8, 286- Cestius Gallus, 302-303, 306 Bethzacharias (Beit Skaria), 186, 198 289, 291, 293-295, 299, 301-309, CGCP, 329 Bethzura (Khirbet et-Tubei-qah), 326, 350 CGD, 183 169, 174, 181-182, 185-187, 189, Caesar, Tiberius (Tiberio), 289- Chains, 68, 265 194, 196-198, 200 291, 297-298 Chairs, 57, 137b 390 Index

Chaldaea, 74, 134a, 146a Commoner, 199 Crown, 195, 203, 237, 242-243, Chaldaean, 53, 59, 74-75, 77, 122 Commonwealth, 197 251, 309, 316, 362 Chaldaeans, 74, 117 Consort, 89 Crowned, 119, 228, 237, 289, 361- Champions, 146b Conspiracy, 25, 42, 110, 263-264 362 Charioteers, 131, 145b Conspirators, 264 Crucified, 295 Chariotry, 43 Consul, 213-214, 229, 234-236, Csizmazia, Placid, 183-184, 219, Chariots, 70, 78-79, 131, 137b, 238, 243-245, 254-255, 259-264, 365 140a, 145b, 153a, 195 272, 275, 288-289, 294, 298, Cubits, 202 Charon of Lampsacus, 164 302-303 Cucumbers, 223-224 Cherubim, 170 Consular, 294, 306-307 Cultivate, 316 Chieftain, 94, 361 Consulate, 291-293 Cultivated, 188, 309, 311, 358 Child, 89, 202 Consulship, 8, 229-230, 237, 243, Cultivation, 13 Child-king, 89 255, 259, 288-290, 292-293, 299, Cup-bearer, 29-30, 52, 138a, 162, Childlessness, 149a 302-304 164, 168 Childs, Brevard S., 51, 129 Consulships, 302 Currency, 77-78 Christ (Messiah), 24, 363 Contradict, 221 Curse, 145b Christian, 63, 294, 325 Contradicted, 220 Curtius, 34 Christians, 325 Contradicting, 121 Cylinder, Bellino, 39-40 1 Chron. (1 Chronicles), 30, 73, Contradiction, 15, 77, 121, 131, Cylinder, Rassam, 137b, 138b 109, 114 163, 219-220, 227, 266, 349, Cyprus, 57, 76, 134b 2 Chron. (2 Chronicles), 19, 24, 365, 367 Cyrrhestica, 230 29-30, 32-35, 41, 44, 52, 54, 59, Contradictions, 61-62, 121 Cyrus, 117 69, 79-80, 92-94, 97, 103, 116, Contradictory, 222 Cyzicus, 245 122, 124, 129 Contradicts, 23, 219 Chronicle, Babylonian, 39-40 Contrary, 17, 25, 63-64, 86, 181, Daesius (Daisios), 179, 303, 305 Chronicle, Old, 93 264, 273, 321, 348, 352 Daggers, 141 Chroniclers, 65, 67 Copper, 137b Dagon, 176, 206-207, 209-211, 357 2 Chronicles, 51, 59, 63, 82, 122 Copy, 287, 365 Daisios (Daesius), 179 Chronicon, Eusebius, 165, 170, 324 Copying, 84, 335 Dallas, 183-184, 219-220, 365 Chronographer, 9 Copyists, 84 Damascus, 116, 263 Chronographers, 19, 210 2 Cor. (2 Corinthians), 31 Damascus Document, 225 Chronographical, 14, 16, 336 Co-regencies, 90-91 Danby, Herbert, 22, 223 Chronography, 333 Co-regency, 89-91, 95-96, 113, Dan. (Daniel), 24, 116 Chronomessianism, 334 118-119, 364 Daniel, 10, 13, 17, 24, 330-333, Cicero, Marcus Tullius, 255, 259, Co-regent, 93, 164-167 335-336, 356 263-264 Co-religionists, 207 Daphne, 241 Cilicia, 230-231, 253 Corn, 238-239, 280, 310, 341 Darius, 11, 312, 331, 363 CIOT, 40-41, 45, 51-53, 59, 69, 124 Corn-crop, 238-239 Darts, 136a, 200 Circumcised, 314 Cornelius, 299 Daughters, 57, 135b, 137b Circumcision, 116, 314-315 Cornelius, Cossus, 298 , 149a, 150a-b, 155a, 35, 55 Citadel, 185, 196, 323, 325 Cornelius, Ser., 298 David, city of, 136a City gate, 56, 144b, 154a Cornelius Scipio, Lucius, 261 David, star of, 333 City gates, 56, 79, 124, 128, 148b Cornfields, 280 DB, 38, 52, 83, 239, 312, 344 City-state, 123 Cornlands, 280 DCDH, 160, 165, 170, 324-326 City-states, 41, 43, 116, 123 Coronation, 237 Dead Sea (Lake Sodom), 116, CKIJ, 25 Corpses, 37, 155a-b 311-314 Claudio or Claudius Caesar, Corvino, 299 Dead Sea Scrolls, 225 Tito, 288, 290-291, 299 Cossus Cornelius, 298 Death-warrant, 283 Claudius, Appius, 229-230, 238, Costobarus, 315 Debt, 5, 21, 159 , Herod’s wife, 315-316 Cotta, 298 Debtors, 20 Cleopatra, Ptolemy’s wife, 203 Cotylas, 207 Debts, 20 Clitarchus, 164 Couches, 57, 77, 137b Dec. (December), 4, 39, 42, 81, CM, 90, 362 Counterattack, 69, 125, 130 162, 175-176, 179, 182, 189, Coalition, 57 Counterattacks, 80 226, 236, 240, 243, 249, 252- Coast, 43, 69, 116, 123, 135a-b, Countless, 44, 58-59, 67, 71, 79, 253, 255-257, 262-263, 266-267, 203, 233 125, 137b, 145b 271, 282, 291-292, 305, 311, Coastal, 41, 69, 116, 123, 135b Court, 149a, 160-161 345, 357-358 Coat, 192 Courtiers, 361 December, 164-165, 176, 189, 236, Coat-of-mail, 78 Covenant, 201, 239 240, 256, 261-262, 272, 284-285, Coats, 192, 198 Covenants, 202 293, 327, 363 Cobus the Treran, 117 Coward, 128 DECJ, 160 Cocceius Nerva, 230 Cowardice, 139a Decreed, 213, 339 Co-conspirators, 57 CP, 329 Decrees, 23, 213 Coele-Syria, 275 Craftsmen, 280 Deed, 106, 344-345, 349-350, 352- Coin, 323, 350 Crassus (Grasso), 299 354 Coinage, 270, 340 Crassus, Canidius, 230 Deeds, 34, 109, 345, 347, 352 Cointypes, 340 Crassus, M. (Grasso), 298 Delegates, 279 Col. (Colossians), 24 Crescent, 341-342 Delta, 59, 71, 97 Colossal statue, 279 Crispinus or Crispo, 299 Demetrius the Chronographer, 12 Colossus, 114 Crop, 31, 37, 154b, 187, 238-239, Demetrius Poliorcetes, 170, 177 Combat, 248 270, 280, 285, 321, 358 Demetrius (I) Soter, 188, 203 Comma, 89 Crops, 17, 31, 36-37, 45, 154b, Denars, 288 Commagene, 230, 238 187, 209, 221, 224-227, 239, Deport, 31, 124, 138a Commander, 200 246, 269-273, 275, 280, 283, Deportation, 52, 114, 124, 128 Commanders, 80, 139a, 155a 285, 311, 316, 358-359 Deported, 57, 123 Index 391

Deporting, 44 Ebony, 57, 137b Elulæus (Luli), 135 Depths, 234-235 Ecclesiastical History, 325 Eluli (Luli), 44 Der, 65 Ecclesiasticus, 151b (Elul), 182 Desolate, 14, 78, 324 Eclipse, 231, 236, 261 Elymais (), 193 Despondency, 182, 194 Eden, 148a Emori, 11, 92 Despondent, 182 Edom, 41, 73-74, 88, 114, 116, Emperors, 288, 303-304, 324, 350 Deut. (Deuteronomy), 6, 22, 159, 123, 311-313 Empires, 39, 68, 76, 78 169, 311-312, 341 Edomi (Edomites), 43, 313 En-gedi, 345, 347-348, 352-354 Deuteronomy, 23, 159 Edomite, 73, 134b, 221, 311-313, Engine, 200 DGRA, 233 315-316 Engines, 56, 80, 196, 198, 200, 251 Diadem, 195, 203, 361 Edomites (Edomi), 41, 116, 311- English, 5, 11, 24, 66, 81, 97, 220 Diadems, 362 313, 315-316 1 Enoch, 342-343 Diadochi [the successors], 170 Education, 195 Envoy, 59, 207 Dinon, 164 Edwards, 92-93 Envoys, 53, 137a, 142a Dio, Cassius, 13-14, 70, 213, 229- Effigy, 295, 307 EP, 85, 87-89, 91-97, 108, 111, 231, 235, 238, 241, 244-245, Egypt, 12, 21, 30, 33-34, 37, 41-43, 113, 116, 364 247-248, 253-254, 261, 263-264, 52, 56, 59, 62, 64, 67-71, 74-76, Ephesus, 207 272, 275, 284, 289-294, 298-299, 78-80, 85-99, 103-114, 116, 118- Ephorus, 164 306, 309, 322-324, 347, 356 121, 123, 125-126, 128-132, Epiphanes, Antiochus (IV), 24, Diodorus, 92-93, 109-110, 164- 134a, 139a, 140a, 144a, 145b- 172, 182-183, 185, 188-189, 193- 165, 170, 182, 209, 314 146b, 147b, 153a-b, 155a, 170, 195, 208 Dios [a deity], 279, 323 172, 202, 232-233, 235-236, 270, Eponymy, 39 Dios or Dius [month], 21, 170- 294-295, 299, 313, 315, 323, Equinoctial sign, 343 171, 175, 179, 255-256, 301, 341, 347, 361-364 Equinox, 8, 19, 233, 240, 341-344 303-306 Egyptian, 29-30, 33, 44, 59, 67-71, Eras, 22, 352, 354, 356 Diospolis (Thebes), 109 75-76, 79-80, 85, 87-90, 92-98, Erda-Amen Awseya (Urda- Disease, 253, 324 107, 109-111, 114, 116-120, 122- mane), 96, 101, 103 Disk, 225 123, 125-126, 128-132, 135b, , 69, 73-74, 81, 88, Dispersion, 13 138a-b, 147b, 172 108-109, 112, 116 Districts, 42, 45, 54, 67, 74, 109, Egyptianized, 98 Esau (Edom), 192, 311 313-315, 347, 354 , 29, 33, 42, 44-45, 52, Eschatological, 6 Ditch, 126 55, 58-59, 68-71, 79, 92, 94, 98, Eschatology, 5 Divine, 15, 21-22, 26, 222, 350 109-111, 117, 122, 125-126, 130- Escorted, 106 DLBA, 66 131, 138a, 139a, 144a, 146b- 1 Esdras, 160-163, 168, 240, 312 Dok, 205 148a, 341, 343 ESJ, 12 Dolabella, 207 Egyptologist, 111, 116 Eskikatir, Gasiyo, 103 Domintius Ahenobarbus (Ahen- Egyptologists, 93, 113-114, 118 Essence, 83, 150b, 154b obarbo), 292 EJ, 249-250 Esther, 109, 169, 172, 249-250, Domitian, Caesar, 294, 368 Ekron (Amkaruna), 30, 43-44, 56- 253 Domitius Calvinus, Gnaeus, 234 57, 67-68, 70, 79-80, 122, 124-125, Eterarchos (Tirhakah), 85 Door, 14, 79, 361 128, 130-132, 135a-b, 144b, 145b Ethanim (Tishri), 179 Doors, 137a, 163 El, 5 Ethbaal (Tuba’lu), 134b Dora, 209 Elam, 54, 65, 67, 74, 182 Ethiopia, 30, 44, 59, 62, 68, 85, 88, Doris, 315 Elamite, 42, 65, 67 90, 92, 94, 96, 98, 103, 108-110, Dositheus, 192 Elamites, 74 112, 114, 120, 147a, 363 Downpour, 209, 233 El-Arish, 34, 68, 109 Ethiopian, 29-30, 33, 44, 62, 67, DQFJ, 265 Eldamari, 76 69-71, 75, 79, 85-88, 92-98, 103, DR, 15, 225 Elder, 106 105-108, 110-114, 116-118, 120, Drachmas, 193 Elders, 143a, 160-162, 197 125-126, 130-131, 135b, 138a, Drought, 209, 269 Eleazar [Simeon Bar Kochba’s 363-364 Droughts, 269 brother], 22, 199, 351 Ethiopians, 29, 33, 42, 44, 52, 55, Drown, 241 Eleazar, Rabbi, 22 58-59, 68, 71, 79, 92, 103, 105, Druso or Drusus Caesar, 293, 298 Eleazar Savaran, 199 109, 111, 114, 116, 125, 138a, DTJD, 287-288, 294, 319, 322, Elected, 234, 242, 260-262, 264, 144a 345, 349, 351 307, 311 Ethnarch, 207, 213 Dumah, 73 Election, 264, 292 ETL, 114, 117 Dumat, 73 Elections, 263-264 Et-Tubeiqah, Khirbet, 186 Dumat al-Ghandal, 73 , 137b, 198-199, 57 Eunuchs, 29, 52, 138a Dunham, Dows, 94 Elephant-rider, 199 Eupator, Antiochus (V), 169, Dur-Kurigalzu,ˆ 42 Elephants, 195-199 177, 181-190, 195-196, 198-203 Duzu (Tammuz), 179 El-Hasa, Wadi (Zered river), 312 Euphrates, 41, 74, 76, 78, 114, Dynasties, 5, 98-99 Eliakias or Eliakim, 86, 139a, 160, 174, 230, 254, 279 Dynasts, 92, 132 140a, 142a, 143a Europe, 78, 117 Dynasty stacking, 363 El-Jawf, 73 Eusebius, 14, 90, 93, 95-96, 98, 99, Dystros or Dystrus, 175, 179, 305 Ellipi, 40-42 107, 160, 165, 170, 209-210, El-Medieh (Modin), 185 290, 292-295, 301, 307, 312, Earthquake, 244 Eloah, 5, 81, 142a 322-326, 329, 331, 336-337, 339, Earthworks, 30, 56, 58, 80, 124- Eloahi, 5, 81, 137a, 140a, 142a, 342-343, 345, 348, 362 125, 144b, 147a, 154a, 196, 208, 143a, 148a, 149a, 151a, 152a, Eusebius Chronicon, 165, 170, 324 250-252 153a, 159 Eutrop. (Eutropius), 238 Eastern, 42, 92, 97-98, 116, 209, Eloahim, 5, 37, 81, 143a, 151a, Execute, 196, 279 230, 279, 314 152a, 155b, 159, 163 Executed, 25, 185, 188, 236, 279, Easternmost, 70 El-Qantara (Tzru), 34 292, 326, 351, 356 Eastward, 69, 124, 362 Elul (Ululu), 22, 162, 173, 179, Execution, 114, 185, 231 EBD, 38, 73 206, 239, 252, 255, 302, 335 Exemption, 15, 205, 314 392 Index

Exile, 14, 23-24, 29, 52, 135a, Fleet, 164 Gardthausen, T., 253 138b, 163, 315, 341 Florus, 295 Garments, 124, 137b, 142a, 143a Exiled, 52, 78, 170, 312 Foot, 56, 136b, 192, 198, 311 Garrison, 183, 185, 187, 189, 195- Exiles, 25, 163, 171, 178 Footmen, 195-196 196, 200-201, 302 Exod. (Exodus), 3, 19, 21-22, 33, Footsoldiers, 79, 196 Garrisoned, 185 37, 169, 175, 232, 239, 341, 344 Forefathers, 214 Garrisons, 134b Exodus [from Egypt], 14, 21, 23, Foreigners, 23, 221, 316, 323 Gasiyo Eskikatir, 103 171, 312, 343 Forest, 153a, 310 Gate, 56, 70, 136a, 144b, 159-160, Expeditionary, 91, 125, 241 Foretelling, 30, 124, 143a 225 Expeditions, 41-42, 44, 106, 117, Foretold, 6, 38, 54, 126, 144a, 332 Gatekeepers, 163 210, 334 Forewarning, 324 Gates, 56, 58, 79, 124, 128, 148a- Expositor, 261 Fortification, 189 b, 154a, 159, 251 Exterminate, 324 Fortifications, 41, 124, 192 Gateway, 109, 125 Extra, 84, 179, 226, 234, 290, 331 Fortress, 176, 192, 206-207, 210, Gath, 41, 43 Extra-Biblical, 61 234, 241, 310, 313, 327, 339, Gaul, 283 Extremists, 25 354, 356 Gauthier, M. Henri, 93, 98 Ezek. (Ezekiel), 6, 19, 109-110, Fortress-city, 124-125 Gaza, 34, 41, 43, 56, 68-69, 114, 116, 122, 249 Fragment, 345, 348 116, 144b, 170-171, 313, 315 Ezra, 11, 15, 24, 34, 84, 92, 159- Fragmentary, 95 Gedaliah or Gedalyah, 249 164, 167-168, 171, 240, 331 Fragmented, 345-346 GEL, 34, 187, 207, 233, 238-241, Fragments, 319 250, 280, 311 F1 Inscription, 134a-135b, France, 117 GEL (1968), 183-184 136b, 137b, 138b, 139b, 140b, Freedom, 25, 58, 205, 334, 337- Gellius, Lucius, 230 141b, 142b, 143b, 144b, 145b, 146b 338, 340, 345, 350-356 Gemara, 6 F2 Bull Inscription, 57, 134b, French, 220 Gemino, 298 135b, 136b, 137b Friday, 12, 344 Gempaten, 88, 91, 106, 361 Faction, 279, 350-351 Friend, 182 Gems, 57, 137b Factional, 310 Friendly, 30, 365 Gen. (Genesis), 34, 73, 96, 109, Factions, 12 Friendship, 165, 201, 214 311-313 Faesulae, 264 Frighten, 152a Gen. Apoc. (Genesis Apoccry- Families, 78, 172, 312 Front, 71, 78, 128, 198, 251, 279 phon), 109 Famine, 15, 140a, 187, 200, 219, Frontier, Egyptian, 69 Generals, 73, 170, 172, 194, 324 226, 253, 323-324, 340, 358 Fruit, 22, 30-31, 141b, 154a-b, Gennesaret, Lake (Sea of Gali- Famines, 358 187, 214, 239 lee), 241 Famous, 98, 164, 167, 312, 314, 324 Fruits, 31-32, 141b, 187, 239, 269- Geographer, 314 Fanaticism, 227 270, 280, 283 Geographical, 75, 114, 122, 314 Farama, Tell (Pelusium), 70 Fruit-time, 239 Geography, 109 Farms, 141b Fuller’s field, 144 Geonic, 9 Feast of Ingathering, 239, 281 Fullerton, Kemper, 51, 53, 61-62, Geonim, 9 Feast of Unleavened Bread, 232, 70, 75, 77, 81, 121, 153a Geopolitical, 33 342 Funeral, 232 Gerizim, 303 Feast of Weeks, 16, 238, 248, 274 Fusius, C., 298 German, 184, 220 Feasts, 22, 223, 241, 274, 316 Germanico or Germanicus Cae- Feb. (February), 12, 40, 42, 44, Gaius Antionius, 255, 259, 263-264 sar (Caesare), 298 175-176, 179, 188, 205, 227-228, Gaius Asinius Pollio, 234-235, 254 Gerrhenians, 201 236, 245, 250, 253, 263, 267, Gaius Caligula Caesar, 279-285, Geryis (Grys), 320 289, 305, 319, 321-322, 328, 289-290, 298 Getulico or Getulicus, 298 334, 354-357 Gaius Cassius, 233, 235, 274-275 Gezer calendar, 266 February, 154b, 188, 234, 237, Gaius Julius Caesar, 8, 213-214, GHE, 116 244, 246, 284, 290, 310, 328, 260-261, 289 Gibborim, 333 354, 356 Gaius Laelius, 261 Gibraltar and Jebel Musa (Pillars Feinan (Punon), 312 Gaius Marcius, 261 of Hercules), 117 Feldman, L. H., 265, 289 Gaius Pontius Nigrinus, 289 Gihon (Nile), 109 Fellow-councilors, 280 Gaius Poppaeus Sabinus, 293 Gi-im-tu or Gimtu, 41 Female, 3, 56-57, 94, 101, 129, Gaius Sosius (Sossius), 230-231, Gioras, Simon ben (Simon bar 136b, 137b 237, 246-247, 250-251, 253-257, Gioras), 305, 309-311, 350-351 Fence, 12, 23, 26, 223-224, 227 266-267 Gitt. (Gittin), 22 Fence-buildings, 365 Galba, 298 Gitta (Gath), 43 Festival, 173, 207, 232, 239-240, Galba, Servius Sulpicius, 291- Gittaim, 41 253, 274-275, 290, 292, 342, 344 293, 307, 309-311, 350 Gittha, 313 Festivals, 21, 175, 222, 274, 353 Galienus, 298 GJV, 9, 265 Fetters, 43, 145b Galilean, 241 Glyptotek, Ny Carlsberg, 362 FH, 229 Galilee, 222, 237, 241-242, 257, Gnaeus Acerronius Proculus, 289 Fieldmice, 147b 280-281, 284 Gnaeus Domitius Calvinus, 234, Figs, 150a Galilee, Sea of (Lake Gennesa- 235, 254 Finegan, Jack, 66, 170, 173-175, ret), 241 Gnaeus Lentulus, 292 177, 234, 260 Gallius, 299 God, 5, 81, 279, 361 Fire, 152a, 193, 198-200, 202, 239, Gallo (Gallus), 299 Goddesses, 129 242, 245, 280, 324, 339 Gallus, 298 Godley, A. D., 76, 116 First Revolt, 8, 16, 22, 25, 208, Gallus, Asinius, 261 Gods, 94, 129, 135b, 362 242, 294, 302, 304, 307-308-309, Gallus, Caninius, 243, 255, 259, 304 Gog, 122 316, 321, 326, 335, 340, 350, 352 Gallus, Cestius, 302-303, 306 Gold, 57, 77, 137a-b, 193-194, Firstborn, 37 Gambuli, 74 198-199, 203, 251, 270 Flacco or Flaccus, Norbanus (E. Gamez, Juan, 183, 220 Golden, 39, 71 Norbanus), 293, 298 Gardiner, Alan, 89, 91, 111, 116 Goldstein, Jonathan A., 183 Index 393

Goodwin, William Watson, 184 HBC, 39-40, 45, 154b, 163, 170- Holiday, 3 Gophna, 200 171, 173, 175, 177, 190, 213, Honey, 141a-b Gorgias, 182, 192 227, 231, 233-234, 260, 262, Honor, Leo, 42, 51, 61, 69, 82-83 Gorpiaeus or Gorpiaios, 179, 267, 280, 282, 294, 298, 341 Horn, ram’s (Jubil), 3, 19-20 245, 302, 305, 335 HBD, 73 Horn, Siegfried, 51, 67, 81 Gourds, 223-224 HDCL, 233 Hornet, 98 Govern, 93, 97, 120, 124, 294 HE, 51, 62, 68, 85-86, 93, 96, 116- Horse-cemetery, 111 Governors, 57, 125, 138b, 144b, 145b 117 Horseman, 192 Governorship, 230 Headquarters, 53, 242 Horsemen, 70, 79, 140a, 192, 195- Gozan, 148a Heathen, 195, 205 196, 198-199 Grains, 282, 284-285 Hebs. (Hebrews), 6 Horses, 43, 56, 68, 95, 131, 136b, Grapes, 3, 198, 338 Hebrews, 5, 20-21, 109, 160 140a, 141a, 145b Grasso, 299 Hebron, 182, 186, 192, 310, 313 Horus, 89, 98, 361-362 Grasso (M. Crassus), 298 He-hag [the feast], 274 Hosea, 6, 110 Graves, 192 Heir, 114, 126, 167, 195, 232 Hotep Zagdur, Amen, 103 Grecian, 195 Heirs, 120 Hour, 289-290 Great assembly, 351, 353-354 HEL, 3, 10, 23, 159, 327 Hours, 34-36, 54, 56, 126, 147a-b, Grecians, 193 Heliopolis, 203 150b, 151b, 344 Greece, 78, 167, 245, 310 Hellenize, 24, 172 House of Israel, 315 Greek, 5, 21, 23, 34, 75-76, 110, Hellespont, 78 House of Judah, 31, 154a-b 117, 160, 164-165, 169-170, 172- Helmets, 198 Houses, 93-94, 242 175, 178, 181, 183-185, 187, Hena, 142a, 148a Howdah, 199 189-190, 205, 209, 219-220, 223, Hephaestus, 146b, 147b HP, 98 233, 240-241, 247, 254, 256, Heracleides, 164 HPM, 51, 70, 85, 153a 260, 274, 279-280, 301, 311, 365 Heracles, 117 HUCA, 6, 9, 15-16, 19, 25, 37, Greeks, 23, 34, 85, 160, 164, 169- Herbs, 153a 173, 181, 220, 222, 224, 282, 170, 185, 247, 313 Herod Agrippa, 177, 282 287-288, 319, 321-322, 329, 332- Greek-speaking, 302 Herod the Great, 4, 6, 8-10, 14, 334, 347, 349 Green or Greening, 341 24-25, 177-178, 217, 219-223, Hucksters, 147b Gregorian, 6, 8, 357 225-239, 241-257, 259, 262, 264- Humban-nikash, 65 Gregory of Nyssa, 103 267, 269-275, 282, 304, 308, Hung, 57, 145b Grys (Geryis), 319 315-316, 331, 348, 357-358, 365 Hungarian, 184 GSH, 116 Herodion or Herodium, 310, Hungary, 184 Guardian, 89 313, 319, 347, 354 Hunna, Rabbi, 10 Guardianship, 182 , 30, 32-33, 59, 62, 69- Husbandman, 22 Gubli (Gebali, Byblos), 43, 134b 70, 75-78, 80, 88, 92, 95, 99, Hyperberetaeus or Hyperbere- Gulf of Aqabah, 73, 312 107-108, 110-112, 114, 116, 122, taios, 22-23, 170, 175, 179, 302, 305 Gulf, Persian, 73 131, 146b, 147b, 148b, 363-364 Hypocoristic, 93 Gurgum, 58 Heroo (Ismailia), 69 Hyrcanus [son of Alexander], Herzfeld, 188 207, 213-214, 235, 254, 265-266, HA, 108-109 Heshuan (Marheshuan), 179 316 Hachaliah, 166 Hezekiah, 8, 29-46, 51-59, 62-63, Hyrcanus, John, 15, 24, 176, 205- Hadad, 98 66-67, 70, 77, 80, 82-83, 85-87, 207, 209-211, 314-315, 357 Hadrian, Aelius, 13, 23, 288, 323- 110, 120-130, 132, 135a, 137a, 327, 329-332, 335, 339, 347, 138a-139a, 140a, 142a, 148a-b, IAC, 51, 129, 139a 354, 356 151b-152a, 153a, 154a, 156, Iadi’, 74 Haggai, 15, 24, 171 162, 164, 190, 205, 211, 214, Iadnana (Cyprus), 134b Halakha, 224 220, 222, 273, 308, 334 Iamani, 41, 68, 95 Halakoth, 6, 12, 15 Hezekiyah (Hezekiah), 82, 137a, Iasubigallai, 42 Hallel, 37, 155b 141b, 150b, 151b, 155b Iberia, 117 Halulê, 65, 79 Hezekiyahu (Hezekiah), 82, 84, Iberians, 230 Hamath, 142a, 148a 135a-136a, 137a-138a, 139a, Ides, 213, 261, 288, 290, 293 Hanani, 163 140a, 141a, 142a, 143a, 144b, Idolatrous, 241 Handu Wuha Abra, 103, 364 145b, 148a-149a, 150a, 151a- Idols, 192 Hanin|| (Khanin), 287 152a, 153a, 156 Idrimi, 129 Hanged, 202 Hezekiyahia (Hezekiah), 137b Idumaea (Edom), 182, 192, 198, Hanyon, 103 HH, 76, 116 235, 309-311, 313-316, 358 Hanyon, Kashta, 101, 103 HI, 41, 43, 51, 86 Idumaean, 314-316 Hararatum, 40 Hiero. Codices (Hieronymi Co- Idumaeans, 192, 309-310, 312- Harem, 57, 137b dices), 164 316, 358 Haremhab, 114 High-priesthood, 206 IEJ, 22, 295, 302, 304, 308, 321- Harmakhet, 113 High-priestly office, 206 322, 327, 329, 333, 337, 340- Harran, 76, 148a High sabbath, 16, 247-248, 253 341, 344-345, 348-351, 353 Harsiataw, Saifay, 103 Highway, 69-70, 79, 116, 139a, Ienysus, 116 Harvests, 334 312 Illnesses, 269 Ha-Shanah, Rosh (R.Sh.), 15, 20, Hilkiah, 139a, 140a, 142a Illumination, 343 25, 171, 173, 178, 222-224 Hillel, School of, 22, 223-224 Illumine, 342 Hasmonaean, 24, 176-177, 188, 211 Hillel ben Geryis (Grys), 319-320 Illumined, 342 Hasmonaeans (Maccabees), 177 Hirimma, 40 ILT, 5 Haterius, D., 298 , 92 Image, 146b, 279-281, 284, [Queen], 89 HJP, 9, 209-210, 231, 233-234, 236, Images, 193 Hatti (Khatti), 129 238, 247, 253, 316, 326, 332-333, Imperator, 207, 214, 327 Hatti-land (Khatti-land), 109 336-337, 339, 345, 347, 367 Imperial, 295, 307 Hawk, 98, 362 Hoard, 323 Imposts, 56, 144b Hazael, 73-74 Hoed, 224 Imprisoned, 57, 124, 206 394 Index

Incense, 146 Iyyar (Aiaru), 179, 242, 246, 254, Joppa, 43, 123-124, 135b, 214, 237 Indebtedness, 286, 287, 294-295, 308 267, 280, 295, 302-308, 326-327, Jordan, 11, 275, 314, 325 Independence, 64, 340, 352-353, 329, 341, 344-345, 348, 355 Jos. (Josephus), 11, 15-16, 19-21, 356 24-25, 29-30, 32-36, 41, 43-45, Indian, 198 Jacob, 25, 311 52-59, 69-70, 74-75, 77-80, 84, Infantry, 195 Jakeimos (Alcimus), 202 85-86, 94, 96, 98, 103, 109-111, Infected, 34 James (Jacob) [the brother of Ya- 123-125, 127-128, 130-132, 159- Ingathering, 239, 280-281 hushua], 25 162, 164, 167, 170, 172, 174- Inheritance, 21, 94, 196, 313 Jamnites, 192 177, 182-189, 195, 198-201, 205- Inscription, 39-40, 42, 52, 57, 66, Jan. (January), 4, 39-40, 42, 44, 209, 213-215, 219-220, 222, 224- 74, 89-91, 95, 97, 114, 116, 118- 81, 176, 179, 188, 205, 227-229, 227, 231-235, 238-246, 248-255, 119, 135b, 136b, 137b, 138b, 236, 241, 244-245, 249, 253-254, 257, 259, 261-266, 269-275, 279- 139b, 140b, 141b, 142b, 143b, 256-257, 259, 262, 264, 267, 285, 289-293, 295, 301-303, 305- 144b, 145b, 146b, 148b, 337, 351 275, 284-285, 288, 311, 319, 308, 309-316, 326, 331, 335, Inscriptions, 43, 64-66, 73, 78, 84, 321, 334, 354-358 339, 341, 347, 358, 363 87-88, 90-92, 96, 99, 106, 108- Jannaeus, Alexander, 172 Jose (Yose) ben Khalaphta, Rab- 109, 111-113, 116-117, 127, 131- January, 183, 185, 207, 234, 237, bi, 6, 9-11, 17, 36, 151b, 332-333 132, 135a, 347, 350, 361 244, 256, 259-263, 284, 290-292, Joseph, 238-239, 241 Inspired, 24, 152a, 350, 353 294, 301-304, 306-308, 310 Josephus, 7, 9, 11-12, 17, 20-26, Instigator, 323 Japha, 303 29, 31-35, 43-44, 51-52, 55-56, Instrument, 126, 202 Jasher, 11 58-59, 62-63, 69-70, 74-75, 77- Instruments, 200, 205 JBL, 129 79, 85-86, 91, 94, 109-110, 117, Insurgents, 340, 349 JCS, 39, 41, 68, 95 122, 125-126, 128, 130-131, Insurrection, 164, 332 JCST, 323, 337 135a-b, 138a, 141a, 144a, 146b, Intercalary, 179, 257, 260-261 JEA, 93-96, 111, 113 147b, 148b, 152b, 160-163, 167- Intercalation, 260 Jebel Musa and Gibraltar (Pillars 168, 169, 171-172, 174-179, 181- Intercalations, 260 of Hercules), 117 184, 186-190, 205-211, 213-214, Intermarriage, 93, 95 Jehoash (Yahuash), 97 219-222, 224-227, 229, 231-245, Intermarried, 94, 97 Jehoiakim (Yahuyaqim), 240 247-248, 250, 252-257, 259-260, International highway, 69 Jehoram (Yahuram), 97 262, 265-267, 269-275, 282, 284, Interpolations, 367 Jehudah (Yahudah, Judah), Rab- 289-290, 293-295, 301-304, 306- Interposing, 367 bi, 16 308, 309-313, 315, 341, 347, Intrigues, 68-69, 264 Jer. (Jeremiah), 6, 58, 83, 109, 240, 357-358, 365 Invade, 43, 67, 70, 130, 182, 185- 249, 312, 339, 358 Josh. (Joshua) [book], 30, 41, 92, 186, 326 Jeremiah, 240 109, 114, 312-313 Invaders, 127 Jericho, 172, 205-206, 222, 238- Joshua (Yahushua) the son of Invading, 71, 135b 239, 242, 246, 257, 262-263 Nun, 11, 24, 313, 359 Iran, 40 Jerome, 160, 165, 170, 209, 291, Jotapata, 303, 306 Iraq, 76, 139a 312, 324-326, 335-336 Journey, 34, 89, 106, 110, 147a, ‘Ir Nahash\ (Ayr Nakhash) 319 Jerusalem, 5-9, 12-17, 21, 23, 25, 162, 236, 281, 363 Iron, 43, 137b, 145b, 350 29-34, 36-38, 43-45, 51-59, 62- JQR, 21, 176, 188, 229, 234, 256, Irrigate, 239 64, 66-67, 70-71, 78-81, 85, 114, 311, 327 Irrigated, 224 116, 122, 124-128, 130-132, JRS, 282, 284 Irrigation, 344 135a-136a, 137a-139a, 140a, JTEH, 51, 57, 63, 73, 75, 82, 85, 92 Isaak, 96, 312 142a, 144a-b, 145b, 146b-148a, Jub. (Jubilees), 5, 11, 21, 36, 207, Isa. (Isaiah), 29-36, 41, 44, 52, 54- 152a, 153a, 154a-156, 160-164, 232 56, 59, 62, 69-70, 80-83, 85-86, 166-167, 169, 172, 174, 177, Jubil, 20 109-110, 116, 123-125, 128, 130- 181-190,193-196, 200-201, 203, Jubilee, 3, 5-8, 11, 13-17, 19-24, 132, 141b, 144b, 312, 344 208-210, 213-214, 219-222, 225- 26, 29, 31-32, 36, 38-39, 42, 46, Isaiah, 30-32, 36-38, 45, 51, 53, 56, 232, 236-237, 242-255, 257, 259, 48, 51, 61, 73, 85, 105, 120, 121, 59, 61-63, 78, 81-83, 85-86, 122, 262-267, 272-273, 275, 279, 283, 127, 132, 162, 167-169, 173, 124, 127, 141b, 143a, 147b- 294-295, 302, 305-311, 313, 315- 220-221, 223, 334, 355-359 148a, 149a, 150a-152a,154b 316, 323, 325, 327, 329-331, Jubilee-cycle, 16 Isana, 39, 242, 257 334-340, 345, 347, 349, 351-354, Jubilees, 5, 11-12, 15, 20, 207 Ishmael, 73-74, 313 356-359, 365 Jubilee-year, 16 Isis, 93 Jesus (Yahushua), 24 Judaea, 8-9, 11-12, 14, 19, 23-25, Island, 92, 134b, 233 Jew, 163, 167, 172, 198, 241, 301, 34, 116, 162-163, 166, 169, 171- Isles, 196 315 172, 177, 181-190, 193-195, 197- Ismailia (Heroo), 69 Jewels, 57, 77, 137b 198, 200, 208-209, 215, 221-222, Israel, 3, 6, 11, 15, 37, 41, 52, 78, Jewess, 315 230, 232-235, 237, 239-244, 246, 97, 110, 114, 123, 129, 151a, Jewry, 9 249-250, 261, 263, 271, 274-275, 152a, 153a, 155b, 159, 161, 163, Jezer, Tell [Gezer], 266 279-280, 282, 288, 294-295, 301- 196, 203, 205, 311-313, 315, Jibrin, Bit, 313 302, 304, 306-308, 310, 313-316, 319-322, 327, 333-334, 337-338, JNES, 21, 88, 166 322-324, 326-328, 336-337, 345, 340-341, 344-345, 348-354, 358 Joachos,µ 139a 347-356, 358 Italian, 220 Joah, 86, 139a, 140a, 142a, Judaeans, 171, 205, 247, 294-295, Italico, 299 Joash (Yahuash), 97 307, 312, 315, 327 Italicus, 299 Job, 109 Judah, 6, 8, 10, 14, 17, 24, 29-34, Italy, 221, 230-231, 233-234, 244, John [book of], 274 37-39, 41-44, 46, 51-60, 62-64, 264, 306 1 John, 31, 274 66-71, 73-76, 78-79, 81-82, 84- Ithobalus (Tuba’lu, Ethbaal), 134b John [a Jewish citizen] 208 88, 91, 97-98, 103, 116, 118, Ituraean, 315 John of Gischala, 350 120-125, 128-129, 132, 134a- Ituraeans, 315 Jonathan, 172, 205 135b, 137a, 138a, 140a, 148a, Iuliano (Julianus), 298 Jonathan ben Uzziel, 31, 154a-b, 156, 159, 162, 190, 240, Ivory, 57, 77, 137b Jonathan, Targum, 31, 34, 82, 86, 91 249, 312-316, 358 Index 395

Judah (Jehudah, Yahudah), Rab- Khitti-land (Khatti-land), 109 Lawgiver, 341 bi, 10, 14, 16, 17 Khorite, 311-312 Lebanon, 153a, 241 Judah-Palestia, 59 Khu-Re‘ Nefertem (Tirhakah), Leclant, Jean, 89 Judaism, 8, 315-316 62, 85-88, 94, 96, 98, 101, 105- Legate, 279-280 Judan, Rabbi, 37, 155b 106, 111-112, 114, 116, 119-120 Legend, 333, 337, 351 Judas [an interpreter of the Kingdoms, 92, 97, 152a, 196 Legendary, 62, 86, 121 laws], 232 King-list, Seleucid, 182, 195 Legion, 241 Judas [son of Simon], 172, 205-206 King-list A, Babylon, 75 Legions, 241, 246, 257, 263, 306, 324 Judas Maccabaeus (Judah Mac- 1 Kings, 14, 19, 83, 92-94, 98, 103 Lehmann, M. R., 332 cabee), 177, 182-187, 189-190, 2 Kings, 24, 29-36, 41, 43-44, 51- Lentulo, 298, 299 192-193, 195-201, 203 59, 62-63, 69-70, 77-78, 80-84, Lentulus, Gnaeus, 292 (Judaea), 350 85-86, 92, 97-98, 109-110, 116, Lepidus, Marcus, 235 Judg. (Judges), 239, 312 122-125, 128-132, 137a, 141b, Lethekh, 320 Judge, 192, 235, 330 144b, 147b, 150b, 151b, 154b- Letters, 15, 83, 126, 151a, 152a, Judged, 17, 65, 79, 90, 301, 325 155a, 249, 315, 339, 358 162, 184, 220, 282, 365 Judges, 92, 114 II Kings or II K, 64, 67, 82 Lev. (Leviticus), 6, 16, 19-21, 31, 37, Judgment, 21, 81, 159, 196, 202 4 Kings, 86, 109 175, 232, 247, 249, 315, 344, 353 Jul. (July), 4, 355 Kipkipi (?), 112 Levite, 159 Julian [month-names, year, cal- Kislimu (Khisleu), 179, 195, 182- Levites, 159, 161, 163 endar, etc.], 4, 6, 8, 48, 190, 183 Leviticus, 3, 5, 19, 23, 26, 173, 223 228, 240, 261-263, 355 Kiss, 58 Lewin, V., 253 Julian reckoning, 261-262, 264 Kissed, 134b Liberty, 3, 6, 20-21, 223 Julianus, 299 Kissing, 58 Libnah, 30, 33, 44, 53, 125, 130, Julianus (Iuliano), 298 Kitchen, Kenneth A., 86, 89-91, 135b, 138a-b, 144a Julius Caesar, Gaius, 8, 213, 260- 96, 105-106, 113 Libone, 298 261, 289 Kochba, Simeon Bar (Simeon Libya, 70, 117 Julius Severus, 324 ben Kosiba), 7-9, 11-17, 19, 22- Licinius, Lucius, 264 July, 12, 39, 41, 170, 176-177, 179, 23, 25-26, 302, 317, 319, 321- Lieutenants, 250 190, 209-210, 234, 239, 249-250, 323, 325-327, 329-337, 340, 344- Limmu, 39-40 252-257, 259-261, 266, 280, 291, 345, 347-348, 350-357, 367 Limmu-chronicle, 39 293-294, 302-303, 305-307, 309, Kochebas (Kochba), 321-322 Linen, 137b 327, 329, 331, 336, 339-340, Kokhba or Kokhbah (Kochba), Livia, 290 345, 349, 352, 356, 358 321, 337, 340, 350-351 Livy, 260-261 June, 41, 164, 168, 170, 179, 182, Kor, 213 LJ, 35-36 223, 235, 238-239, 246, 249, Kors, 320 Locusts, 310 252-256, 259, 266, 271, 273, Kosba’ or Kosibah (Kosiba), 320, Lofty-of-Diadems, 89, 361 275, 280-281, 291, 293-295, 303, 321 Longimanus, Arta-xerxes I, 160 305-306, 309, 358 Kosiba, Simeon ben (Simeon Bar Longino or Longinus, 298 Junius Silanus, 264 Kochba), 25, 320-321, 327, 333, Longo, 299 Jupiter, 13, 323 341, 344-345, 348, 352-353, 368 Loos (Lous), 179 Justin, 209-210 Koziba or Kozibah (Kosiba), 321, Lots, 313 326, 367-368 Lous (Loos), 179, 302, 305, 307, Kadutis, 114, 116 Kronus (Saturn), 247-248 339 Kalends, 284, 289-293 Kselios (Khisleu), 240 (Muzri), 68-71, 88, Kambyses (Cambyses), 363 Kurru, 111 92-93, 95, 97, 107-108, 110-113, Kammusu-nadbi, 134b Kush, 30, 44, 62, 68, 80, 84, 85-86, 116, 118-119, 131, 145b, 361- Kana, 242 88, 90-98, 101, 104, 105-114, 362 Kanaan, 11, 14-15, 359 116-120, 121, 126, 130-131, Lower Kush, 363 Kanaani, 11, 92, 312 147a-b, 363-364 LR, 93, 96, 98, 107, 364 Kanael, Baruch, 322, 329, 337, Kushim (Kushites), 79 Lubim (Libyans), 79 340, 349-351, 353 Kushite, 8, 67-68, 71, 79, 85, 87, Lucian, 85 Kandake [Queen], 92, 96-98, 101, 89-92, 94-99, 105-107, 109-110, Lucianic recensions [version of 103, 106, 113 112-113, 116, 118-121, 123, 125- LXX], 110 Karak, Al, 312 127, 130-132, 138b Lucius Cornelius Scipio, 261 Karnak, 114 Kushites, 69, 88, 103, 109, 125, Lucius Gellius, 230 Kashta, 92-98, 101, 103, 106-107, 130 Lucius Licinius, 264 113, 120 Lucius Plancus, 235 , 40-42 Lachish (La-ki-su), 29-30, 33, 44, Luckenbill, Daniel David, 41-42, Kawa, 88 51-53, 69-70, 77, 82, 124-125, 51, 64-65 Kebra Nagast, 92, 94, 98, 103, 116 130, 135b, 137a, 138a-b, 144a Luke, 274 Kent, Roland G., 260 Lacuna, 73, 182 Lulav, 338 Keslon, 287-288 Lady, 96 Luli (Eluli, Elulaeus), 43-44, 57, KETA, 114, 117 Laelius, Gaius, 261 123,134b Khalaphta, Jose (Yose) ben, Rab- La-ki-su (Lachish), 138b Luminary, 322 bi, 6, 9-11, 17, 36, 151b, 332-333 Lamb, 36 Lunar, 175, 341-342, 344 Khanin (Hanin),|| 287 Lambs, 37, 155b Lusius Quietus, 326, 367-368 Khasleu (Khisleu), 172, 175-176, 182 Laming Macadam, M. F., 89 LXX (Septuagint), 31, 85-86, 109- Khatti (Hatti), 116, 129, 134b Lamps, 199 110, 148a, 160, 240 Khatti-Arami, 74 Lampsacus, 164 Lydda, 185 Khatti-land, 43, 109, 134b Lances, 137b Lyre, 338 Khirbet et Tubeiqah (Bethzura), 186 Land-taxes, 13 Khisleu (Khasleu, Kislimu), 162, LAP, 62-63, 66, 86 Macadam, M. F. Laming, 85, 89- 166, 172, 175-176, 179, 226, 236, Latin, 220, 240, 247, 365 90, 94, 105 240, 252, 255, 257, 265-267, 282, Latins, 85 1 Macc. (1 Maccabees), 15, 172, 284-285, 311, 345 Laurium, 233 176, 182-189, 205-206, 208, 358 396 Index

2 Macc. (2 Maccabees), 172, 182- Marcus Lepidus, 235 Mesopotamians, 76 188 Marcus Tullius Cicero, 255, 259, Messala , 298-299 Maccabaeus, Judas (Judah Mac- 263-264 Messala, Marcus Valerius, 292 cabee), 177, 182-187, 189-190, Marcus Valerius Messala, 292 Messalla (Messala), 299 192-193, 195-201, 203 Marcus-Wacholder, 6, 171 Messiah, 6, 10-12, 14, 24-25, 31, Maccabean, 7, 169, 172-174, 177, Mardocheus, 172 122, 316, 330-334, 340-342, 344, 190, 211 Marheshuan (Heshuan, Arah- 347-349, 351, 353-354, 356 Maccabee, Judah (Judas Macca- samnu), 21, 175, 179, 209, 236, Messianic, 12-13, 25, 331-333, baeus), 177, 182-187, 189-190, 239-240, 252, 257, 265, 270, 273, 350-351, 353-354 192-193, 195-201, 203 302-305, 307-308, 345, 348, 352 Metunu of Isana, 39 Maccabees [books of], 171, 173- Mariamme, 257, 315-316 MGH, 213, 234, 260, 294 174, 176, 178 Mariette-Bey, Auguste, 114 MGWJ, 253 1 Maccabees, 173-174, 178, 181, Mario (Macrinus), 299 MH, 114, 320 183-184, 187, 189, 192-203, 205- Marisa, 182, 192, 313-314 Miamun Piankhi (Usimare Pi- 206, 209-210 Mark, 24, 31, 274, 344 ankhi), 92, 101 2 Maccabees, 169, 172, 181-186, Mark Antony, 229-231, 234-235, Mic. (Micah), 312 189-190, 192-203 237-239, 241, 244, 253-254, 267, Mice, 33, 126, 147b Maccabees (Hasmonaeans), 177 274-275, 289 Mid-April, 292 Macedon, 193 Market-town, 337 Mid-August, 284 Macedonia, 170, 275 Mars, 260 Mid-December, 293 Macedonian-Olympiad, 176 Masada, 222, 235, 237 Mid. ‘Ek. Rab. Midrash ‘Ekhah Macedonian-Olympian, 176 Massacre, 354 Rabbah), 333 Macedonians, 21, 175, 206 Massoretic, 70, 153a Mid-Feb. or Mid-February, 123, Machaeras, 313 Matt. (Matthew), 24, 31, 274 236, 237, 242-243, 250, 310 Macrinus (Mario), 299 Mattathias [son of John], 172, Midiani, 92 Macrobius, 260-261 205-206 Mid-January, 175, 284, 292 Madys, 117 Mattathias [son of Simon], 172, Mid-March, 210, 236 Magdolus, 116 205-206, Mid-Marheshuan, 240 Magistrates, 242, 280 Matthias [an interpreter of the Mid-November, 236, 239, 252 Magnates, 280 laws], 232 Mid-October, 264 Magog, 122 May, 40, 223, 242, 246, 252, 254, Mid. Rab. or Midrash Rabbah, Mahalliba, 134b 256, 267, 271, 273, 280, 284, 37, 155b Mail, 198 292, 295, 302-307, 326-327, 329, Mid-spring, 239 Maimonides, Moses, 9 335, 344 Mid-summer, 238-239, 246, 337 Makeda (Queen of Saba [She- Mazar-Maisler, 41 Mid-winter, 237, 242 ba]), 92-94, 98, 103 MBA, 312 Migrated, 312 Malichus, 235, 275 McCurdy, James F., 51 Migrations, 78 Malik-rammu, 134b MDA, 87-88, 93 Milik, J. T., 288, 294, 319, 322 Manasseh, 315 , 40-41 Milikowsky, Chaim Joseph, 332, Manetho, 85, 87-93, 95-97, 107- Media, 200, 188 335, 367 108, 110, 112, 119, 164 Mediaeval Jewish Chronicles, 335 Million, 79, 123 Manius Acilius, 291, 299 Median, 74 Millo, 136a Manlius, 264 Medinet-Habu, 114 Mines, 56, 136a, 233, 251, 323 Manni, 58 Mediterranean, 42, 117, 314 Minhimmu (Menahem), 134b Manuscript, 345 Megalopolis, 194 Mint, 340 Manuscripts, 240, 326, 331, 335, Megalopolitan, 194 Minted, 337, 340 337, 368 Megasthenes, 117 MIO, 93 Maple, 137b Megiddo, 116 Misery, 56, 144b, 154a, 194, 225, Marcellinus, Marcello, or Mar- Meg. (Megillah), 10 322 cellus (Marcus), Asinius, 288, Meg. Taan. or Megillath Taanith, Mishnah, 6, 12-13, 17, 22-25, 171, 290, 299 21, 188, 201 173, 223, 301, 304, 327, 339 March, 33-34, 40, 71, 74, 78, 80, Meinhold, 61 , 129 130, 135b, 146b, 181, 186, 189, Melchizedek, 5 Mithridates, 262-264 207-208, 241-242, , 309-311 Melek Kush (king of Kush), 86, 91 Mitinti, 56, 134b, 144b March [month], 4, 6, 8, 12, 17, 21, Meluhh… a… () [Kush Mizraim (Egypt) [Upper and 39, 42, 46, 48, 154b, 163, 169, of the Assyrians], 68, 92, 95, Lower], 109-110 175, 179, 187, 189, 205, 211, 108, 110, 131-132, 145b Mizri (Muzri, Lower Egypt), 227-228, 231-232, 234, 236-237, Memphis, 69, 88, 95, 108, 362 108, 110 242-243, 245-246, 250, 253-254, Memra, 150b, 154b MJC, 326, 334-335 257, 259-263, 267, 271, 273, Menahem, 134b Mnemon, Arta-xerxes II, 160 284-285, 289-290, 301, 303-305, Menander, 58 MNHK, 25, 163 310, 322, 327, 337, 341, 355 Menanu, 65 Moab, 41, 74, 88, 123, 312 Marched, 34, 40, 43, 54-55, 80, Mendenhall, George E., 129 Moabi or Moabites, 41, 43, 134b 107, 125, 135a, 183, 188, 197- Menelaus, 188, 202 Modii, 214 199, 206, 222, 237-238, 242-243, Menelik, 94, 103, 107 Modin (El-Medieh), 185-186, 197 254, 263, 275, 280, 284, 310, 362 Mercenaries, 185, 196, 203 Monarch, 62, 65, 86-88, 90, 92, Marcius, Gaius, 261 Mercenary, 57, 137b, 172, 222 95, 105-106, 109, 111-112, 120, Marcus, Ralph, 7, 19, 110, 167, Merodach-Baladan (Berodach- 130-131, 138a, 160, 162, 165, 185-187, 214-215, 219-220, 225- Baladan), 42, 54 168, 182, 199, 289, 348, 363-364 226, 240, 253, 255, 259, 265, Meroe or Meroë (Saba, Sheba), Monarchs, 58, 66, 95, 98, 244 274-275 92, 94, 363-364 Monday, 353 Marcus Agrippa, 243, 255, 259, 304 Merowe Museum, 361 Month-name, 6, 172, 240, 348 Marcus Appuleius, 245, 272 Mesopotamia, 74, 76, 78, 116- Month-names, 8, 175, 179, 256, Marcus Asinius or Asinius Mar- 117, 326 304 cellus, 288, 290, 291, 299 Mesopotamian, 76 Monument, 114, 361 Index 397

Monuments, 90, 93 Neferke-Ra (Shabako), 119 Note of Indebtedness, 286- 287, Moon, 3, 8, 20, 160, 231, 303, 306, Nefertem-Khure (Khu-Re‘ Tirha- 294-295, 308 341-344 kah), 85 Noth, Martin, 51, 86 Moonlight, 341 Nefertem Tirhakah, Khu-Re‘, 62, Nov. (November), 21, 44, 162, Mortgage, 287-288 64, 85-91, 94-96, 98, 101, 105- 175-176, 179, 182, 209, 226, Moses, 3, 15, 21-22, 159-160, 175, 106, 108-114, 116, 118-121, 130, 233, 236, 239-240, 252, 255, 249, 312, 314, 341 361-362, 364 257, 263, 266, 270, 273, 282, Mound, 154a Negeb, 69 293, 301-308, 311, 345, 349, 352 Mounds, 56, 79, 127, 144b, 154a Negotiations, 230 November, 41, 154b, 176, 178, Mouse, 148b Neh. (Nehemiah), 15, 24, 116, 210, 233-234, 236, 240-241, 255- MTCE, 5 159-160, 162-164, 166 256, 259, 261-262, 285, 304, MTS, 188 Nehemiah, 11, 15, 24, 159-160, 306, 308 Mulberries, 198 162-164, 166-168, 171 NSR, 337, 340 Mules, 56, 136b Nekao, 88, 95, 99, 107, 116 Nuat-Meawn (Ta-Nuat-Amun), Mur 24E, 319 Nepos, Cornelius, 165 96, 101, 103, 364 Murabba‘at, 287, 294-295, 308, Nero, 8, 286-289, 291, 293-295, , 30, 69, 85, 88-89, 91, 93- 319, 322, 334, 345, 349-350 299, 301-309, 326, 350 94, 106, 108, 111-112, 361-363 Murcus, 274-275 Nerone (Nero), 299 Nubian, 64, 93-94, 111-112 Murder, 81, 205-206, 275, 291 Nerva, 298-299 Num. (Numbers), 19, 232, 247, Museum, 52, 118, 361 Nerva, Cocceius, 230 249, 312, 353 Musicians, 57, 137b Nervilanus or Nerviliano, 299 Numbers, 333 Muzri (Lower Egypt), 68, 92, 95, Neubauer, Adolf, 334-335 Nun, Yahushua the son of, 11, 108-110, 131, 145b Ni (Noa, Thebes), 69, 108 313, 359 Muzur (Muzri, Mizri, Lower Nicator, Seleucus, 170, 205 Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, 362 Egypt), 108-109 Nicauta (Amenirdis) [Queen], Nyssa, Gregory of, 103 Myriads, 279 101, 103, 96-97, 106, 113 Myths, 83 Niddah, 332 Oars, 233 Nigrino or Nigrinus, Gaius Pon- Oath, 58, 129, 145b, 201 Nabataea (Nabatene), 313 tius, 289, 298 Oaths, 129, 201 Nabataean, 263, 312 Nile (Yaur, Gihon), 70, 109 Oct. (October), 4, 6, 9, 17, 19, 21- Nabataeans, 263, 312-313, 315 Nile Level texts, 90, 107, 119 23, 44, 169, 171, 173, 175-176, Nabatene (Nabataea), 74 Nîmedu-throne (standing-chair), 178-179, 181, 189, 207, 209, Nabocodroser (Nebuchadnez- 52, 138b 215, 224, 227, 236, 239, 241, zar), 117 Nimrud Letter, 139a 249, 252, 264-266, 270, 273, Nabuli of Arbailu, 39 Nineveh or Ninos, 32, 39, 52, 57, 281, 285, 290-291, 301-305, 307- Nabushezibanni, 88 64-65, 68, 76-78, 80-81, 124, 308, 322, 330, 337, 345, 349, Nabu-shumishkun, 54 127, 137b, 138b, 156 352-353, 357, 365 Nagash, Tsawi Terhak Warada Nisan (Abib, Nisânu), 4, 6-7, 12, Octavia [Nero’s wife], 291 (Tirhakah Piankhi, Snefer-Ra 15-17, 21-23, 25-26, 39, 42, 162- Octavian, Caesar (Augustus), Piankhi), 87, 96-97, 101, 103, 164, 166, 168-169, 171-179, 182, 245, 260-261, 289-290, 293-294, 105 185, 187-190, 205, 207, 210-211, 298, 301, 304 Nagast, Kebra, 92, 94, 98, 103, 213-215, 219, 222-225, 227-228, October, 41, 169, 173-174, 211, 116 231, 235-238, 242- 247, 254, 226, 252, 262-264, 274-275, 284- Nah. (Nahum), 109 257, 259, 262, 264, 266-267, 285, 288-291, 293-295, 301-303, Naharaina or Naharin, 116, 117 269, 272-273, 275, 279, 285, 308, 325, 329 Nahash,\ ‘Ir (Ayr Nakhash) 319 301-304, 307-309, 316, 321-322, Odollam, 192 Nain, 310 325-330, 332, 334, 337, 341-342, Offering, 29, 37, 131, 156, 193 Nakhash, Ayr (‘Ir Nahash)\ 320 344-345, 353-358 Offerings, 193, 331 Napata, 93-94, 107-108, 111-112, Nisânu or Nisanu (Nisan), 39-40, Officer, 29, 230 120 170-172, 179, 341 Officers, 52, 55, 80, 138a, 144a, Naphtali, 114 Nisroch, 81 155a, 196, 201, Nasi or Nasia, 327, 333, 338, 341, NIV, 31 Officials, 86, 124, 351 344-345, 347-348, 351-354, 356 ‘Nkh-ka-Ra (Anlamani), 119 Old Chronicle, 93 Nastossanan, Nastesenen, or Noa (Ni, Thebes), 109 Olive, 141a-b Nastesen (Ramhay Nastossa- Noah, M. M., 11 Olympiad, 165, 170, 175, 209- nan), 103, 363-364 Nobles, 43, 57, 125, 128, 144b, 210, 234, 236, 247, 255-256, Navy, 117, 203 145b, 165 259, 262, 301-304 NB, 68 , 106, 203, 361 Olympiads, 175, 262 NBD, 19, 30, 32, 45, 73, 160, 312 Nonaccession-year, 167, 177, 209, Olympian, 176, 178, 256 Nebaioth, 313 364 Olympic, 176 Nebi Yunis Inscription, 57, 134b, Non-Assyrian, 51, 121 Omen, 21, 199 135b, 136b, 137b Noniano or Nonianus, 298 Onias, 202 Nebret Aspurta, Zaware (Aspel- Non-Pharisee, 15 Onomastica, 312 ta), 103 Norbanus, Gaius, 229-230, 238, OOGA, 25 Nebuchadnezzar (Nabocodros- 293 Oracle, 88, 143a er), 43, 58, 117, 128, 249, 263, Norbanus Flaccus (E. Norbanus, Orchards, 280 339, 358 Flacco), 293, 298 Ordained, 159, 172, 198, 249, Nebuzaradan, 339 North, 69, 74, 76, 88, 90-91, 95, 341-342 Necao (Nekao, Neco), 88, 99 106, 114, 116-117, 123-124, Ordinance, 16, 225 Nechepsos, 99 135b, 312-313, 361-363 Ordinances, 13, 23, 323, 334 Neco or Necos (Nekao), 88 North, Robert, 7, 13, 181, Orfito or Orfitus, 299 Nefer-Atmu-Khu-Ra (Khu-Re‘ Tir- Northern, 68-69, 87, 95, 111, 114, Orient, 343 hakah) , 85 117, 230, 323 Ornaments, 270 Nefer-ib-Re (Aman-Nete-Yer- Nose, 154a Orontes, 114, 116 ike), 119 NOT, 45, 51, 65, 86, 131 Orroei, 76 398 Index

Osorkon (Silkanni), 68, 95 Peritios or Peritus, 179 Piankhi, Snefer-Ra, 87, 93-97, 99, Ostracized, 164 Persia, 11, 78, 92, 103, 164-165, 101, 105-107, 111-113, 118, 120, Otho, 292-293, 299, 307, 309-311, 167, 182, 188, 193-194, 200, 126 350 210, 312, 331, 363 Piankhi, Tirhakah (Snefer-Ra Pi- Othone, 299 Persian, 8, 73, 76, 78, 109, 160, ankhi), 101, 103, 118-120 OTP, 15 162, 164-168, 182, 363 Piankhi, Usimare or Miamun, Outposts, 324, 334 Persians, 34, 78, 117, 166, 364 (Abralyus Wiyankihi, Piankhi Overlord, 41-42, 58 Persico or Persicus, 298 II), 92-97, 101, 103, 106-107, Overlords, 43 Persist, 61 120 Overstriking, 340 Persists, 83 Piankhis, 93 Overstruck, 340 Person, 83, 88, 111, 118, 288, 320, Piankhy (Piankhi), 92 Overthrew, 41 333 Piankihi (III) [Piankhi], Tomad- Overthrown, 44, 327, 331 Personal, 52, 78, 83, 122, 128, 344 yon, 103 Ovid, 238, 260-261 Personally, 70, 77, 80, 131, 165 Piankihi (IV) [Piankhi], 103, 364 Personnel, 33 Pillars, 137a, 145b Pacorus, 235, 237-238, 254 Persons, 24, 281 Pillars of Hercules (Gibraltar Padi, 43-44, 56-57, 59, 122, 124- Perspective, 122, 174, 256, 353 and Jebel Musa), 117 125, 135a, 144b, 145b, 146b Persuade, 124, 142a, 233 Pillya, 129 Pagan, 13, 21, 62, 129, 160, 162, Persuaded, 55, 137a Pir‘u (Pharaoh), 68, 95 240, 247-248, 279, 339, 356 Persuades, 142a Piso or Pisone, L., 298 Paganalia, 241 Persuading, 141a, 202 Piso or Pisone, 299 Pagans, 21, 23, 247-248 Pertains, 343, 352 Pius (Peto), 299 Palace, 52, 137b-138a, 163, 166, Pervades, 66 Piyankihi (Piankhi), 93 203, 270 Perverted, 24 Plague, 30, 32-34, 44, 59, 70, 78, Palaces, 302 Pes. (Pesahim), 36, 155a 80, 84-85, 126-127, 132, 147a-b, Palaeo-Hebrew, 321, 359 Pestilence, 33 148b, 155a, 269, 340 Palatini, Ludi, 290 Pestilential, 80, 155a Plancus, Lucius, 235 Palestia (Palestine), 34, 41, 43-44, 1 Pet. (1 Peter), 24, 31 Planned, 42, 67, 183 68-71, 116, 122-125, 131, 134a- Peto, 299 Plautianus or Plautino, 298 b, 182 Petra, 262-263, 312-313 Pleiades, 209, 233, 236, 240 Palestim (Philistines), 41-43, 57, Petraea, Arabia, 116 Pliny, 70, 76, 92, 233, 240, 314 69, 79, 116, 122-123, 125, 130, Petrie, William M. Flinders, 51, Plough, 214, 339 135a-b 85, 93, 98, 111, 114, 116, 118 Ploughed, 223-224, 327, 339 Palestim road, 69 Petronius, 279-285 Ploughing, 224-225, 339 Palestina (Palestia), 314 PHAI, 51, 55, 66 Plunder, 130, 239 Palestine (Palestia), 15, 42, 45, 73, Pharaoh, 34, 41, 52, 62, 68, 85-87, Plundered, 135b, 138b, 144b 75-76, 81, 91, 114, 116, 221, 89-92, 95, 97-98, 105, 107, 110- Plundering, 220, 226, 251, 266- 237, 243, 262, 266, 281, 294- 112, 114, 116, 119-121, 123, 125, 267 295, 299, 309, 311-312, 314, 130-132, 139a, 361-362, 364 Plutarch, 93, 164-165, 231, 238, 325-326 , 95, 97, 111-112, 120 241, 244 Palestine-Syria, 117 Pharaohship, 107, 110, 112, 120 Pneumonic plague, 126 Palestinian, 33, 75, 329, 336 Pharisaic, 6, 224 Poliorcetes, Demetrius, 170 Palestinian Talmud, 329, 336 Pharisee, 24 Pollio, Gaius Asinius, 234-235, Palu, 95 Pharisees, 15, 24, 36, 224-225, 254 Pamphylia, 233, 235 246, 359 Pollione, 298 Panemos or Panemus, 179, 303, 306 Pharnaces, 263 Polybius, 194, 233 Pankhy (Piankhi), 111 Philadelphia, 207 Pompey, 208, 247-248, 250, 255, Pappus, 242, 257 Philip [father of Alexander the 257, 259, 261-267 Papyri or Papyrus, 294, 319, 347 Great], 193 Pompeius, Sextus, 289, 294, 298 Parker, Richard A., 93 Philip [the regent], 182, 188-189, Pomponius, L., 298 Parrot, André, 51, 65 194-195, 200-202 Pomponius, Secundus, 299 Parsangs, 34 Philip [the Tetrarch], 282 Pontius Nigrinus, Gaius, 289 Parthia, 174, 254 Philistia (Palestia), 41, 43, 123 Pontus, 117, 262-263 Parthian, 230, 235 Philistine (Palestim), 42-43, 64, Poppaeus Sabinus, Gaius, 293 Parthians, 174, 210, 230, 233, 235, 123 Porphyry, 209-210 237-238 Philistines (Palestim), 193 Port, 233, 280 Parties, 129 Philo, 20-22, 109, 224, 232, 238- Post-exile, 7-8, 12, 15, 157, 171, Partisans, 251, 263 239, 279-284, 301, 341-342, 357 178, 249, 313 Pascha, Paschal, or Passover, 16, Philopator, Seleucus (IV), 182 Postexilian, 12 21, 36-38, 42, 45, 122, 127, 147a- Phocaeian navy, 117 Post-Gemara, 6 b, 154b-155b, 224, 231-232, 236, Phoenician, 43, 122-123, 134b, Post-Halakoth, 12, 15 248, 274, 337, 341-344, 353 280 Post-Herod, 8, 277 Patursu (Upper Egypt), 109 Phoenicians, 34, 135b Post-Jerusalem, 43 Paullinus, 299 Phoenician-Syrian, 74 Post-sabbath, 10, 17 Paulo, 299 -Palestine, 43 Post-Talmudic, 6, 249, 253 Pella, 325 PHP, 98, 238 Pray, 30, 37-38, 143a, 155b, 193 Pella, Ariston of, 323, 326 Physicians, 148a Prayed, 30, 126, 146b, 149a, Pelusium (Tell Farama), 30, 32-34, Pi (Py), 92 151b-152a, 161 44, 59, 69-70, 76, 79-80, 109, Piankhi (Py), 87, 92-99, 101, 103, Prayers, 35, 152b 125-128, 131, 146b-148a, 156 105-107, 111-113, 118-120, 126, Praying, 34, 36, 54, 160 Peninsula, Sinai, 314 364 Precinct, 251 Pentateuch, 249 Piankhi [various], 92-95, 98 Precincts, 251 Pentecost, 182, 192, 223-224, 235, Piankhi Alara (Aksumay Wara- Pre-exile, 8, 29 246, 254, 274-275, 353 da Tsahay), 94-95, 97, 101, 103, Prefecture, 76 Peraea, 325 106-107, 113, 361 Pre-Julian, 263 Index 399

Pre-Mishnah, 26 Qadesh [region], 114, 116 Recension, 83, 110 Pre-Mohammedan, 9 Qadesh [cities called], 114, 116 Recensions, 110 Prenomen, 68 Qadesh Barnea, 312 Recorder, 139a, 142a Pre-sabbath, 246, 266 Qebkh-Khor, 362 Rectors, 9 Pre-Seder Olam, 319 Qedesh (Qadesh), 116 Red (Edom), 311 Priesthood, 24-25, 177, 202, 245, 1QIsa.a, (Qumran Isaiah Scroll) Red Sea, 74 302 148a Red soup, 312 Priestly, 24, 112, 174 Qitos (Lusius Quietus), 367 Redemption, 21, 319, 321-322, Prince, 91, 319-320, 327, 333, 338, 1QM (War Scroll), 207, 221 327, 334, 337-338, 340-341, 344- 341, 345 11Q Melchizedek, 5 345, 348-356, 358 Princes, 78, 92, 131, 145b, 201 Quartered, 244, 279, 310 Re’e (Sib’e), 68, 110 Prism, Taylor, 124, 134b, 135b, Queen, 15, 24, 73, 89, 92-94, 96- Reform, 260-261, 326 136b, 137b, 138b, 139b, 140b, 98, 103, 106, 113, 233 Reformation, 260 141b, 142b, 143b, 144b, 145b, Queen of Saba (Makeda, Sheba), Reformations, 260, 263 146b 92-94, 98, 103 Reformed, 261 Prison, 124, 198 Queens, 92, 98 Reforms, 261 Pritchard, James B., 182 Quietus (Qitos), Lusius, 326, 335, Refuge, 134b, 230, 235, 253 Proconsuls, 13 367-368 Regent, 182, 188, 195 Proculo or Proculus, Gnaeus Quinquereme, 233 Regier, Delbert, 45, 63, 67 Acerronius, 289, 298 Quinqueremes, 233 Regulo, 299 Procurator, 295 Quintus Sulpicius Camerinus, Reinforcements, 80, 241, 254 Procuratorship, 295 293 Reisner, Von G. A., 93-94 Profane, 224 Quivers, 147b Religion, 196, 202, 309, 314, 316, Profaning, 129 Qumran, 5, 15, 148a 358 Prohibiting, 26 Qumran Isaiah Scroll, 148a Religions, 161-162 Prohibition, 172 Religious, 9, 12, 17, 24, 62, 111, Prohibitions, 26 Raba’ or Rabah, 319-320 162, 260, 314, 316, 323, 332, 351 Promise, 54, 123, 138a, 275 Rabbah, Seder Olam, 37, 329, Remission, 5, 159 Promised, 31, 129, 137a, 263, 280, 331, 334, 336 Remnant, 6, 31, 143a, 154a-b, 199 330-331 Rabbah, Lamentations, 329, 335- Remnants, 349 Promised Land, 6, 312, 314, 359 336 Renegade, 183, 203 Promises, 54 Rabbah, Yannai, 13, Renegades, 186, 195-196 Promising, 55 Rabbinic, 9, 13, 24, 223, 274, 334, Reneged, 44, 124, 127, 130 Propaganda, 64, 71, 122 336, 365 Rennel, James, 116 Prophecies, 61-62 Rabbinical, 10, 13, 15, 17, 285, Rental, 319, 321, 328, 330, 332, Prophesied, 81, 356 330-331, 333, 347 334, 356 Prophetic, 5, 21, 36, 122, 334 Rabshakeh (Rapsakes),µ 29, 44, Rented, 319-321 Prophets, 6, 15, 24, 83, 171 52-53, 55, 70, 80, 82, 122, 124- Rent-term, 213-215 Province, 42, 76, 88, 97, 113, 125, 129-131, 135b, 138a-139a, Repose, 3, 40 135b, 200, 230, 310, 326 140a, 141a, 142a, 143a, 144a Representative, 95, 122, 124 Provinces, 68 Raid, 74, 184-185 Representatives, 128, 279 Prune, 3 Raiders, 251 Republic, 260 Ps. (Psalm), 109 Raids, 221, 251, 324 Resurrection, 21, 193 Psalms, 192 Rain, 42, 161, 233, 361 Retekhu-Qabet, 362 Psammethichus (Psamtik I), 88, Rained, 282 Rev. (Revelation), 21, 69, 79, 88, 95, 99, 117 Rainfall, 240, 361 122 Psamtik (I), 87-89, 95-96, 99, 107- Rains, 209, 239 Revelation, 35 108 Rainy, 240 Revenue, 270, 282, 285 Psamtik (II), 364 Ramesses, 97, 114 Revolt-coins, 333 PSBA, 118 Ramhay Nastossanan, 103 Revolts, 57, 68, 336, 357 , 98 Ramifications, 114, 269, 285, 349 Revolution, 232 Ptolemais, 201-202, 221, 241, 280- Ramissu, Aksumay, 103 Rey, C. F., 87, 93 284 Ram’s horn, 3, 19-20 Rezeph, 148a Ptolemies, 98, 172 Ramses (Ramesses), 114 RG, 117 Ptolemy [various], 98 Raphia, Rapihu, or Rapikhu, 68, RHCD, 247 Ptolemy [the son-in-law of Si- 109 Rhesa, 237, 313 mon], 176, 205-207, 209-211, Rapsakesµ (Rabshakeh), 52-53, 55, Rhine river, 283 314 138a, 139a, 140a, 144a, 155a Rhinocorura, 34 Ptolemy, Claudius, 70, 76, 314 Rascals, 25 Rhodes, 233-236 Ptolemy (I) Soter, 170 Rassam Cylinder, 39-40, 137b, Rhodocus, 198 Ptolemy (VI) Philometor, 70, 76, 138b Ribbo, 78 98, 170, 176, 202, 205-207, 209- Ratner, B., 37 Riders, 140a, 141a 211, 314 Rats, 33 Ringleader, 43, 57-58, 123 Publicola or Publicula, 298-299 Re’e, 68, 110 Riots, 302 Publius Silius, 245, 272 Realm, 118, 149a, 156, 167, 195, Ripe, 280 Pulpit, 159 203, 238, 271 Ripening, 239 Pumbeditha, 9 Realms, 92, 108 Rites, 280, 323 Punon (Feinan), 312 Rebekkah, 96 Ritual, 219, 223-225 Purim, 250 Rebel, 33, 52, 57, 59, 123, 327 Ritualistic, 227 PW, 363 Rebelled, 33, 57, 125, 129, 139a, 145b Rituals, 19, 223 Py (Piankhi), 92-93, 101 Rebellion, 25, 107, 322, 329 River, 34, 58, 68, 70, 74, 76, 109, Py-ankhi (Piankhi), 93 Rebellions, 69 160-161, 230, 279, 312, 314 Pye (Py), 92 Rebellious, 39, 44, 123-124, 138a Rivers of Egypt, 70, 153a Pylon, 114 Rebels, 57-58, 241, 306, 323, 329, Roads, 69, 106 Pyramids, 111 337, 339-340 Roadway, 69 400 Index

Roadways, 69 Sail, 233-235 Seder Olam (S.O.), 9-10, 17, 23, Robe, 172, 195 Sailed, 221, 235, 245, 310 34, 36-37, 55-56, 59, 62, 148b, Rodents, 126 Sailing, 233, 309 151b, 154b, 325-326, 329, 331- Rolfe, J. C., 288 Sais, 88, 96, 99, 107 337, 345, 348, 367 Roman, 6, 8, 13, 21, 34, 165, 177, Salamis, 164 Sedition, 312, 315 208, 213-214, 222, 229-230, 232- Sallust, 263-264 Seditious, 203 234, 236-237, 240-246, 250-254, Salmani, 76 Seed, 22, 135b, 269, 281 257, 259-261, 263, 266-267, 273, Salt, 13 Seeds, 271 279, 288-289, 294, 301-304, 307, Salvation, 21, 143a Seed-time, 282 309-310, 321, 323, 325-327, 333- 1 Sam. (1 Samuel), 92, 239 Seir, 311-312 334, 337, 340, 350, 353, 358 2 Sam. (2 Samuel), 33, 41, 92 Seiri, 312 Romans, 8, 10, 13, 24, 177-178, Samaria, 15, 58, 116, 134b, 142a, Sel. (Seleucid), 48-49, 182, 213-214, 221-222, 230-231, 233, 193, 242, 250, 253, 257, 314- Seleucian, 181 236-238, 243-247, 250-252, 260, 315, 358 Seleucid, 8, 15, 22-23, 25, 48, 98, 263, 273, 303, 309, 316, 321, Samaritans, 78, 315 169-178, 181-182, 184-192, 195- 323-324, 327, 339-340, 347, 350, Samos, 245 196, 203, 205, 209-211, 214, 352-354, 356 Samosata, 230, 237-238, 241 223, 301, 303, 325, 358-359 Rome, 22, 177, 188, 203, 228-229, Samson, 239 Seleucids, 98 233-236, 237, 241-243, 250, 255, 1 Samuel, 239 Seleucus (I) Nicator, 170, 177, 205 261, 264-265, 279, 281, 284-285, Sanacherib (), 146b Seleucus (IV) Philopator, 182, 203 294-295, 305, 307, 309, 311, Sanctified, 248 Semitic, 96 316, 326-327, 357 Sanctuary, 194-196, 200, 5, 187, Senacheirimos (Sennacherib), Rosh ha-Shanah (R.Sh.), 15, 20, 279 134a, 135a, 137a, 139a, 144a, 25, 171, 173, 178, 222-224 Sand, 74 146a-b, 148a, 155a Rowton, 96 Sandhill, 361 Senate, 213-215, 234, 243, 246, Royalty, 137b Sandu-stones, 57, 77, 137b 289, 294, 324 R.Sh. (Rosh ha-Shanah), 12, 15, Sanh. (Sanhedrin), 78 Senator, Cassiodorus, 213, 234, 20, 22, 171, 173, 223-224, 301 Sanherib (Sennacherib), 53, 59 259-260, 294, 298 Rubellius, C., 298 Saracus (Tirhakah), 85 Sennacherib (Sanacherib, Sanhe- Rufo, 298-299 Sardis, 116 rib, Senacheirimos), 8, 29-38, Rufus, 299, 322 Sargon, 39, 41-42, 54, 58, 65, 68- 39-46, 51-59, 61-71, 73-82, 84- Rukibti, 135b 69, 76, 95, 109, 123 87, 89, 91-92, 98, 105-106, 110- Rulers, 96, 99, 254, 302 Satrap, 170, 235 112, 114, 116-120-128, 130-133, Rulership, 89, 93, 96, 107, 118 Satrapy, 314 135a-136a, 138a-139a, 144a, Rumor, 30 Saturday, 247, 344 146b-148b, 151a-152a, 153a- Saturn (Kronus), 247-248 154a, 155b-156, 167, 190 Sa Ra [Son of Ra], 118-119 Saturnalia, 241 Sentius, 299 Saba (Meroe, Shaba, Sheba), 92- Saturnino or Saturninus, 299 Sepharvaim, 142a, 148a 94, 98, 103, 363 Savaran (Eleazar), 199 Sepher Yashar, 11 Sabaka (Shabako), 103 Scarab, 118 Sepphoris, 237 Sabbath, 4, 3-17, 19-26, 29, 31-32, Schlesinger, Alfred C., 260 Sept. (September), 4, 6, 9, 17, 19, 36-39, 42, 45-46, 48, 51, 61, 64, Scholarly, 6 22-23, 162, 169, 175, 179, 181, 73, 85, 105, 120-121, 127, 132, Scholars, 6, 14, 32, 83, 167, 169, 189, 206-207, 209, 227, 239-241, 154b, 159-160, 162-164, 167- 171, 173, 253, 335 249, 252, 256, 264-266, 272-273, 169, 171, 173-176, 178, 181, 183, Schrader, Eberhard, 51, 53, 59 281, 285, 289, 293, 302, 305, 186-190, 192, 200, 205-211, 213- Schürer, Emil, 9, 236, 265, 332, 308, 322, 330, 335, 337, 353, 357 215, 219-229, 237, 246-249, 253, 335-336, 367 September, 41, 238, 244-245, 283, 257, 259, 266-267, 269-275, 279, Scipio, Lucius Cornelius, 261 289, 293 285, 287-288, 301, 308-309, 311, Scipione, 299 September-October, 173 315-316, 319, 321-322, 325, 327- Scourged, 244, 295 Septennate, 10 330, 332-334, 336-337, 341, 344- Scribal, 17, 86, 210, 234, 236, 240, Septennially, 207 345, 347-349, 352, 354-359, 365 289, 352 Septennium, 335 Sabbath-Jubilee, 46 Scribes, 24-25, 66, 71, 86, 108-110, Septuagint (LXX), 110 Sabbathon, 3 122 Sera (Zerah), 103 Sabbaths, 3, 5, 11, 19, 31, 207, Scribonius, L., 298 Serbonia [lake], 314 214, 247-248, 274, 358 Scroll, Qumran Isaiah, 148a Serbonian, Lake, 314 Sabbatic, 32 Scroll, War, 207, 221 Serpents, 362 Sabbatical, 10, 16, 181, 215, 219, Scrolls, Dead Sea, 225 Servius Galva, 292, 299 225-226, 251, 311, 319, 332, 334 Scythian, 117 Sesostris, 117 Sabbatism, 3, 5 Seacoast, 314 Seten [King of Upper Egypt], Sabino, 298 Seal, 59, 97, 121, 127-128, 342 118-119 Sabinus, Gaius Poppaeus, 293 Seal-ring, 195 Sethos, 80, 125, 146b Sackcloth, 124, 143a Seals, 68 Severus, Julius, 324 Sacred name, 83, 247, 359 Seaports, 116 Sextus, 229 Sacrifice, 36, 201, 281-282, 341, Seasons, 239-240, 252 Sextus Apuleius (Appuleius), 343, 354 Sebaste, 304 289, 294, 298 Sacrifices, 143a, 156, 161, 206, Sebat (Shebat), 205 Sextus Pompeius, 289, 294, 298 331 SEC, 3, 5, 20, 34, 52, 83, 110, 159, Shaba (Saba, Sheba, Meroe), 93 Sacrificing, 195 238, 311, 327, 341 (Shabako), 68 Sacrilege, 13, 202 Second Revolt, 17, 25, 321-322, Shabako, 68, 87-88, 90-93, 95-97, Sacrilegiously, 194 324, 326, 329-332, 334-338, 345, 99, 101, 103, 106-108, 110-114, Sadducees, 15, 24 348, 350-354, 356 118-120, 123, 125, 132, 364 Sage, Evan T., 261 Sects, 316 Shabatu (Shebat), 40, 42, 179 Sages, 333, 351 Secular, 5, 62 Shadow [sun’s], 34, 36, 126, Saifay Harsiataw, 103 Secundus, Pomponius, 299 150a-151b Index 401

Shalmaneser, 44-45, 58, 78, 97 Simeon Bar Kochba or Simeon Standing-chair (Nîmedu-throne), Shammai, School of, 22, 223 ben Kosiba (Bar Kochba), 11, 52, 138b Shamshi-Adad, 97 25, 319-321, 327, 338, 341, 344- Star, 322, 333 Shamsimuruni, 43, 134b 345, 347-348, 353-354 Statilius, Sisenna, 298 Sharezer, 81 Simon [father of John Hyrca- Station, 343 Sharru-lu-dâri, 135b nus], 172, 176, 178, 205-206, Stationed, 53, 196, 200, 250-251 Shasu (Edomi), 114, 116 209-210 Statue, 95, 114, 147b, 279-283 Shaua-ko (Shabako), 110 Simon [father of Mariamme], Statues, 279 Sheaf, 37 172, 176, 178, 205-206, 209-210, Statutes, 5 Sheba (Saba), 92-93 305, 309-311, 315-316, 350 Stele, 87, 90, 361-362 Shebat (Shabatu), 22, 40, 42, 44, Simon ben (bar) Gioras, 305, 309- Stephinates, 99 172, 176, 179, 188, 201, 205- 311, 350-350, 358 Steps, 34-36, 38, 54, 56, 126, 150a- 206, 228, 236, 267, 319, 321- Simons, 114 151b, 240, 251 322, 328, 334-335, 351, 354-357 Simple, 12, 26, 78, 248, 294, 344 Steward, 139a Shebi. or Shebiith, 223-224, 246 Simplification, 6 Stone, 34-35, 147b, 151b, 152a (Sebiconem), 87-91, 93- Simultaneously, 123 Stones, 137b, 200, 333 97, 99, 101, 106-108, 110-111, Sin, 21, 31, 57, 129, 145b, 146b, 193 Storms, 233, 236 113-114, 119-120, 361-362 Sinagar (Babylonia), 116 Stormy, 281 Shebna, 86, 139a, 140a, 142a, 143a Sinai, 3, 69, 314 Strabo, 70, 73, 76, 85, 117, 247- Sheep, 56, 136b, 138b Singers, 137b, 163 248, 312-315, 363 Shema’, 37, 155b Sinned, 31, 145b Stronghold, 76, 198, 201, 206 Shemitah [year of rest, sabbath Sins, 193, 202, 250 Sua (Shabako), 110 year], 9, 23, 159, 173, 220, 287- Sin-sarra-ishkun, 39 Subanaios,µ 139a 288, 320-321, 332 SIP, 40, 42, 51, 61-62, 67, 69, 75, Subkings, 43, 109 Shield, 56, 154a 82-83, 86, 128, 130 Subterranean, 323 Shields, 136a, 137b, 138b, 147b, Sirius, 239 Suetonius, 284, 288-293, 299 193, 198-199 Sisenna Statilius, 298 Sukkim, 79 Shihor river, 109 Siwan (Simânu), 172, 179, 252, Sulla, 298-299 Shimeon (Simeon), 319 254, 256, 303 Sulpicius, 298 Ship, 233 Skaria, Beit, (Bethzacharias), 186 Sulpicius Camerinus, Quintus, Shipbuilders, 233 Smerdis, 363 293 Ships, 233 Smith, George, 108 Summers, two, 306 Shipwreck, 236 Smith, George Adam, 51, 57, 85 Summertime, 231, 273 Shipwrecked, 233, 235 Smith, William, 239 Sunday, 257, 353 Shishak, 79 SMT, 183-184 Sundial, 34-35, 38, 126 SHJ, 11 Snefer-Ra Piankhi, 87, 93-97, 99, 101, Sunrise, 38 Shortage, 201 105-107, 111-113, 118, 120, 126 Sunset, 38, 344 Shrine, 146b Snow, 42, 209, 237 Sura, academies of, 9 Shrines, 112 SNY, 5, 81, 83 Surnamed, 199, 205, 207 Shrubs, 250 S.O. (Seder Olam), 23, 36-37, 54, or Susan (Shushan), 164 Shur road, 69 56, 209, 240, 326, 332 Swear, 129, 279 Shushan (Susa), 164, 166 Sodom, Lake of (Dead Sea), 313 Switched, 122 Sib’e (Re’e), 68, 110 Solar, 260-261, 343 Sword, 65, 81, 144a, 145b Sick, 54, 148a, 166, 194 , 10, 93-94, 103, 116, 324 Swordsmen, 78 Sickness, 35, 80, 126, 155a Solstice, 239-240, 252 Swore, 201 Sidetes, Antiochus, 209 Song of the celestials, 35 Sworn, 55, 129, 137a, 200-201 Sidka, 57, 135a-b SORC, 326, 332-333, 335, 367 Swya or Swyah (Tzyah), 287 Sidon, 43, 57, 67, 69, 123, 134b, Soshenk, 97 Syene (Aswan), 109-110 214, 245, 280 Sosius or Sossius, Gaius, 230- Sylvanus, 299 Sidoni, 43, 134b 231, 237, 246-247, 250-251, 253- Syncellus, 87, 209 Siege-engine, 200 257, 266-267 Syntax, 184 Siege-engines, 196, 198 Sot. or Sotah, 12, 23 Syria (Aram), 74, 76, 78, 88, 92, Siege-force, 125 Soter, Ptolemy (I), 170 97-98, 114, 116, 129, 134a-b, Sign, 30-31, 34-36, 38, 45, 54, 56, Sothis, 97 170, 172, 182, 185-186, 188-190, 126-127, 150a-151b, 154a-b, Soup, 312 201-203, 205, 209, 230-231, 235, 239, 311, 342-343 Sovereignty, 114, 134b, 293 237-238, 241, 243-245, 253, 257, Signet, 195 Sowing, 13, 17, 26, 31, 224, 266- 262-263, 271-272, 275, 279-282, SIJ, 45, 63, 67 267, 272, 285 284, 295, 306, 310, 314, 323, Silano or Silanus, 299 Spain, 117 347, 356 Silano or Silanus, Ap., , 298 Spanish, 220 Syria-Judaea, 74 Silanus, Junius, 264 Spartianus, Aelius, 325-326 Syria-Judah, 67, 71 Sileos (Khisleu), 240 Spear, 65 Syrian (Arami), 146, 79, 116, Silius, P., 298 Spears, 137b 140a, 172, 174, 183, 185-186, Silius, Publius, 245, 272 Spirit, 15, 128, 144a 205-206, 209, 230, 275 Silkanni (Osorkon), 68, 95 Spoil, 56, 125, 135b, 136b, 138b, Syrian-Greek, 172, 182 Silla, 298 145b, 193 Syrian-Greeks, 172 Silli-bel, 56, 144b Spoiled, 124, 144b, 193, 196 Syrian-Judaean, 78 Silo, 237, 320 Spoiling, 128 Syrians (Arami), 116, 172, 271, 275 Silvanus, 299 Spoils, 43, 69, 77, 123, 194, 310 Syria-Palestine, 75, 109, 116 Silver, 57, 77, 137a-b, 193-194, SPP, 256 Syria-Phoenicia, 43 270, 287-288 Springs, 136a Taan. (Taanith), 10, 327, 329, 333, Silvius, 299 Springtime, 46, 342 336, 339 Simânu (Siwan), 179 Stades, 198 Tabernacles, 21, 23, 45, 159-160, Simeon [tribe of], 313-314 Staff, 139a 162-163, 168, 172, 175, 209, Simeon, Rabbi, 22, 223 Stairs, 35, 151b 239, 248, 274, 281, 305, 337, 353 402 Index

Tabiry, 95 Terhak (Tirhakah), 85, 87, 96, 103 Tithe, 22, 320 Tablets, 68 Terrain, 33, 263 Tithes, 25, 214 Tacitus, 248, 279, 289-292, 294, Territories, 76, 315, 347 Title-name, 52 299, 306, 311 Terror, 37, 65, 134b, 155b, 311 Tito, 298-299 Tadmor, Hayim, 51, 64, 86 Terrors, 134b Titus (Tito) Caesar, 34, 177, 208, Taharka,| Taharka, or Tertullian, 261 245, 294, 299, 305-307, 309-310, (Tirhakah), 85, 116 Tesher [the desert], 114 335, 339-340 Taherq (Tirhakah), 85 Tetradrachms, 333 Titus Vinius (Vinio), 292, 299 Talmud, 171, 329, 336 Tetrarchy, 282 TK, 85-86, 88-91, 94-95, 105-108, Talmudic, 6, 9-11, 14, 16-17, 19- Texas, 183-184, 220 111, 113, 116, 119, 288, 361-362 24, 26, 35-36, 45-46, 48-49, 55, Thackery, H. St. J., 291 Tnephachthus (Tefnakhte), 93 122, 177, 211, 223, 225, 227, Tharaka (Tirhakah), 85 TNTB, 12 246, 285, 331-333, 335-336, 358 Tharata, 138a, 144a Tomadyon Piankihi (III), 103 Talmudist, 9 Tharsikenµ (Tirhakah), 85, 110, Tomb, 324 Talmudists, 10, 12, 16, 19 147a Toparchies, 347 Tamit (Egypt), 114 Tharthak (Tirhakah), 85 Toparchy, 354 Tammuz (Duzu), 179, 228, 239, Thebaid, 113 Torah [the Law], 15, 23-24, 31, 249, 252-255, 257, 266, 280, Theban, 94, 113 159-161, 169, 315, 321 303, 306, 358 Thebes, 69, 92-93, 95, 107-113, Torture, 207 Tamnah, 44, 125, 132, 145b 118, 361-362 Tortured, 206 Tandamane (Ta-Nuat-Amun), 96 Thekoue, 313 Tower, 195-197, 202 Tannaim, 332 Theodorous [father of Alexan- Towers, 29, 33, 136a, 192, 198, Ta-Nuat-Amun (Nuat-Meawn), der, the envoy], 207 250 96, 99, 101, 103, 113, 119, 364 Theologians, 20 Town, 135b, 200, 349 (Ta)-Nuat-Meawn (Ta-Nuat- Theology, 220 Towns, 79, 192, 242 Amun), 96, 101, 103, 364 Theon, 325 Trachala, 299 Tanut-Amen (Ta-Nuat-Amun), 96 Theophilus, 289-293, 309 Traders, 147b Tarakos (Tirhakah), 85 Thor, Beth (Beth Thera), 327 , 326 Targ. Jon. (Targum Jonathan), Thousands, 280-281, 283-284, Trans-Jordan, 43, 74, 116, 123, 31, 35, 85-86, 131, 141b, 147b, 322, 325, 354 134a-b, 315 150b, 151b, 154b THP, 19 Transmitter, 332-333 Targum, 34, 36, 82, 86, 91, 155a Thrace, 117 Transmitters, 90-91, 95, 110, 119 Targums, 31 Thracia, 192 TRC, 10 Tartan (Turtan, Turtanuµ ), 41, 52, Thucydides, 164-166 Treason, 57 138a Thursday, 257, 344-345 Treasure, 137b Tashritu (Tishri), 179 Tiberias, 281, 284, 303 Treasures, 57, 77, 137a-b Tauro or Taurus, 298-299 Tiberio or Tiberius Caesar, 289- Treasuries, 55, 137a Tawasya, 103 291, 297, 298 Treasury, 320 Taylor Prism, 124, 134b-135-b, Tiberius (Tito) Claudius, 299 Treaties, 129 136b, 137b, 138b, 139b, 140b, Tiglath-pilneser [various], 97 Tree, 31, 141a, 154b 141b, 142b, 143b, 144b, 145b, 146b Tiglath-pilneser III, 39 Tree-planted, 223-224 TC, 129 Tigris river, 34, 42, 76 Trees, 22, 80, 141b, 153a, 214, Tearko or Tearkos (Tirhakah), Timsah, Lake, 69 223, 250 85, 117 TIP, 85-86, 88-90, 93-96, 105-107, Treran, 117 Tebet or Tebethos (Tebeth), 240, 112-113, 118, 364 Trial, 165 256-257 Tirhak (Tirhakah), 85, 147b Tributary, 43, 123 Tebeth (Tebetu), 81, 172, 179, Tirhakah, 8, 30, 33, 44, 51, 62-64, Tribute, 29, 33, 39-44, 51-53, 55- 227-228, 236, 249, 253, 256-257, 80, 84-91, 94-99, 101, 103, 105- 59, 63, 67-68, 77, 82, 95, 122, 259, 262, 264-267, 273, 357-358 114, 116-121, 125-126, 130-132, 124-125, 127-128, 130, 134b, Tebetu (Tebeth), 39, 42, 179 147a-148a, 361, 363-364 135b, 137a-b, 138b, 144b, 146b, Technactis (Tefnakhte, Tne- Tirhakah (Terhak) Warada Na- 205, 213-215, 262-263, 282, 285 phachthus), 93 gash, Tsawi (Tirhakah Piank- Tripolis, 188-189, 203 Teeth, 57, 137b hi, Snefer-Ra Piankhi), 87, 96- Trireme, 233-235 Tefnakhte, 93, 107 97, 99, 101, 103, 105-108, 110- Triremes, 233 Tekoa, 347 114, 116-118, 120, 126, 130, Trumpet, 20-21, 223 Telassar, 148a 363-364 Trumpets, 20-21, 198 Telescoped, 62, 64 Tirhakah, Khu-Re‘ Nefertem, 62, Tryphon, 209-210 Telesino or Telesinus, 299 64, 85-91, 94-96, 98, 101, 105- Tsach (Ab), 179 Telhunu [Queen], 73-74 106, 108-114, 116, 118-121, 130, Tsahay, Aksumay Warada (Pi- Tell Farama (Pelusium), 70 361-362, 364 ankhi Alara), 93-94, 97, 101, 103 Temple, 4, 6, 9-17, 21, 24, 30, 34- Tirhakah Piankhi (Snefer Ra Pi- Tsawi Terhak (Tirhakah) Wara- 38, 48, 81, 88-90, 106, 126, 137a, ankhi, Tsawi Terhak Warada da Nagash (Tirhakah Piankhi, 146b, 147b, 152a-b, 160-161, Nagash), 101, 103, 118-120 Snefer-Ra Piankhi), 87, 96-97, 163, 172, 175, 177, 182-183, 185, Tirhakahs, 87, 108, 117 99, 101, 103, 105-108, 110-114, 187, 190, 193-195, 197, 200-201, Tirhaq or Tirhaqah (Tirhakah), 116-118, 120, 126, 130, 363-364 203, 232, 245, 249-251, 279-284, 85 TSCJ, 9-11, 14, 16, 177, 181, 190, 305, 307, 321, 323, 325, 330-333, Tishri (Tashritu), 4, 6, 9, 12, 16- 322, 330 338-339, 361-362, 367-368 17, 19-23, 25-26, 45-46, 169- Tuba’lu (Ethbaal, Ithobalus), Temples, 10, 112 171, 173, 175, 178-179, 181, 134b Temple-slaves, 163 189, 207, 209, 211, 215, 219, Tullius Cicero, Marcus, 255, 259, Tenancy, 320-321, 328 222-227, 239-241, 249, 252-253, 263-264 Tenant, 3, 319-320 264-267, 272-273, 281, 285, 301- Tunip, 114 Tent, 197 302, 305, 308, 311, 316, 321- Tunnels, 56, 136b Tents, 200 322, 329-330, 332, 337, 349, Turpilianus or Turpillino, 299 Tepa, 114 352-353, 355, 357-358 Turtan (Tartan, Turtanuµ ), 29, 41 Index 403

Turtanuµ (Tartan, Turtan), 29, 41, Vicious, 172 Withdraw, 137a, 206 52, 68, 91, 110 Victuals, 187, 200-201 Withdrew, 147b-148a, 188, 201, Tushamilk (Psamtik I), 88 Village, 242 206, 251, 293 Tusks, 137b Villages, 76, 324 Wives, 78, 161-162, 240, 280-281, Tuthmosis [various], 97 Vine, 3, 20, 141a-b 315-316 Tuthmosis (III), 34, 89 Vines, 141b Wiyankihi (Piankhi), Abralyus Tyrant, 207 Vineyard, 3 (Usimare Piankhi), 93, 101, 103 Tyre, 43-44, 58, 116, 123, 129, Vineyards, 30-31, 141a-b, 154a-b Wolves, 324 134b, 245 Vinicio or Vinicius, 298-299 Women, 77, 106, 137b, 159-160, Tyrians, 58 Vinio or Vinius, Titus, 292, 299 221, 322 Tzru (El-Qantara), 34 Visellius, L., 298 Wood, 152a Tzyah (Swya, Swyah), 287 Vitellio or Vitellius, 299 Wool, 137b Vitello or Vitellius, 298 Woolen, 137b U-du-um-ma-ai (Edom), 73 Vogue, 333 Workable, 211 UH, 92, 117 Voted, 234 Worship, 13, 21-22, 26, 129, 148a, Ullusunu, 58 Vow, 59 222 Ululu (Elul), 179 Vowel-consonants, 83 Worshiped, 248 Unarmed, 147b, 200 Vowels, 83 Worshiping, 81 Uncultivated, 200, 187, 190 Voyage, 236, 281, 283 Wounded, 79, 242 Underground, 251 Wreath, 338 Under-officers, 324 Wacholder, Ben Zion, 7, 9, 19, Wuha Abra, Handu, 103, 364 Unger, Georg, 51, 90, 253, 256 25-26, 169, 171, 173, 181, 220, Unleavened Bread, 232, 274, 342- 222, 224, 282, 287-288, 319, Xanthicus or Xanthikos, 21, 175, 343 321-322, 329, 332, 334, 349-350 179, 305, 341 Unplanted, 357 Waddell, W. G., 93, 97 Xenophon, 34 Unproductive, 269 Wadi el-Arish, 68, 109 Xerxes the Great, 78, 117, 164- Unshaded, 223 Wadi el-Hasa, 312 165, 167-168 Unshadowed, 223 Wadi Murabba’at, 287, 294-295, Xerxes (Arta-xerxes I), 160-161, Unsown, 187, 200, 282 319, 322, 308 167 Upper Egypt, 68-69, 92-93, 95, Walled, 44, 56-57, 70, 125, 134b, 108-110, 116, 118, 131, 145b 135b Yadin, Y., 345 Upper Kush, 363 Warada Tsahay, Aksumay (Pi- Yahanan, Rabbi, 332 Urbi, 57, 137a-b ankhi Alara), 87, 93-94, 96-98, Yahu or Yahu Yahweh, 83 Urdamanie (Urdamane), 96 101, 103, 105 Yahuash (Joash, Jehoash), 97 Urdamane (Erda-Amen Aw- Ward, John, 118-119 Yahudah (Yehudah) ben Rabah seya), 88, 95-96, 99, 101, 103, Warfare, 229 (Raba’), 320 108, 113, 120, 364 Warred, 263 Yahudahi (Judahites), 41, 135b, 145b Uru-milki, 134b Warring, 144a, 192, 207 Yahudan (Yehudan), 288 Ushû, 43, 123, 134b-135a Warrior, 146b Yahukhah, 83 Usimare or Miamun Piankhi Warriors, 78-79, 147b, 333 Yahukhanan, 83 (Abralyus Wiyankihi, Piankhi War Scroll, 207, 221 Yahukhanan (Yehohanan),\ Zach- II), 92-97, 101, 103, 106-107, 120 Warship, 233 ariah bar, 287-288 Usurpation, 168 Water, 29, 58, 136a, 159, 209, 239 Yahukhanna (Yehohanna),\ 288 Usurped, 120 Waters, 136a, 141a-b, 153a Yahunatan (Yehonatan) bar Ya- Usurper, 164-165 Wealth, 138a, 182, 193 hukhanna, 288 Uzziel, Jonathan ben, 31 Wealthy, 44, 59 Yahuram (Jehoram), 97 Weapon, 134b Yahuseph (Yehosef) bar Yahu- Valerius Messala, Marcus, 292, Weapons, 126, 134b, 147b, 323 dan, 288 298 Weather, 41, 233, 236, 251-252, Yahushua (Joshua, Jesus), son of Valley, 312 263, 284 Nun, 11, 24, 313, 359 Valleys, 199 Weather-bound, 283-284 Yahushua (Joshua) [son of Yahu- Valor, 139a, 155a, 193, 356 Weber, Otto, 65 zadaq], 15, 24, 359 Varro, Marcus Terentius, 234, Wedding, 250, 255 Yahushua (Jesus, Joshua) the 259-260, 298 Wednesday, 257, 345 messiah, 24-25, 359 Vassal, 64, 129, 172 Wellhausen, Julius, 51, 55, 66 Yahuyaqim (Jehoiakim), 240 Vassals, 42-43, 129, 213 West, 11, 41-42, 45, 64, 68-69, 74- Yahuzadaq (Jozadak, Jehozadak, Vegetables, 22, 224 75, 78, 114, 117, 127, 134b, 312, Josedech), 24 Vegetation, 310-311 314 Yahuzakar, 83 Ventidius, 237-238, 241 Western, 42, 53, 57, 67-68, 76, 79, Yahweh, 3, 5-6, 13, 15, 20-21, 24, Venustus, 299 87, 95, 114, 116, 123, 230, 312, 30-38, 53-55, 57, 67, 70, 77, 83, Verannio or Verannius, 299 314 124, 126, 128-129, 137a, 140a, Vernal equinox, 19, 341-344 WHAB, 312 141a, 142a, 143a, 148a, 149a, Vespasian or Vespasianus, 245, Wheat, 238-239, 280, 320-321 150a-153a, 154a-156, 159, 171, 293-294, 297-299, 305-307, 309- Whiston, William, 32, 35, 187, 186, 192, 197, 202, 206-207, 310, 325-326, 335-336, 350, 367- 219, 233, 265 221, 239, 244, 247-248, 251, 368 White field, 223-224 269, 279, 283, 323, 342, 344, 359 Vitellius, Aulus, 292-294, 307, Wife, 95-96, 113, 118-119, 135b, Yahwehists, 15, 24 311, 350 203, 206, 311, 349, 363 Yannai (Rabbah), 13 Vitellius or Vitellio, 298-299 Wilderness, 14 Yashar, 11, 109, 311-312 Vessel, 233 Winckler, H., 75 Yaur (Nile), 109 Vessels, 137b, 187, 194, 200, 309 Winds, 281 Year-name, 39 Vestino, 299 Wine, 141a-b, 162, 166, 239 Yebamot, 332 Vetere, 298-299 Winter-storm, 233-235, 239-242 Yehohanan\ (Yahukhanan), 287-288 Vetus, 299 Wintertime, 170 Yehohanna\ (Yahukhanna), 288 Viceroy, 111 Wintry, 160, 233, 240 Yehonatan (Yahunatan), 288 404 Index

Yehosef (Yahuseph), 288 Yehudah (Yahudah) ben Raba’ (Rabah), 320 Yehudan (Yahudan), 288 Yoke, 56, 135b, 137b, 205 Yom. (Yoma), 10 Yose (Jose) ben Khalaphta, Rab- bi, 6, 9-10, 17, 36, 151b, 332-333 Young, 88, 91, 185, 195-197, 341 Youth, 88-89, 91, 361-362 Youthful, 89-90 Youths, 361 Yoyotte, Jean, 89 Yunis Inscrption, Nebi, 57, 134b, 135b, 136b, 137b

Zachariah bar Yahukhanan, 287- 288 Zagdur, Amen Hotep, 103 Zaribtu, 134b ZAS, 87-88, 93 Zaware Nebret Aspurta (Aspel- ta), 103 Zealots, 25, 310-311, 316, 358 Zech. (Zechariah), 116, 172, 205, 249 Zechariah, 15, 24, 171, 249 Zedekiah, 358 Zeitlin, Solomon, 176, 188, 255- 256, 311 Zenon, 207 Zeph. (Zephaniah), 109 Zerah (Sera), 79, 103 Zered river (Wadi el-Hasa), 312 Zeus, 279, 323, 339 Zion, 5, 31, 153a, 154a-b, 200-201, 350-351, 353, 358 Ziu (Iyyar), 179 Zobah, 92 Zodiac, 342 Zodiacal, 343 Zom Gedalyah [the Fast of Ged- aliah], 249 Zonaras, 291 Zuckermann, D., 8, 9, 16, 181, 187, 322, 332 Zuckermann-Schürer, 6, 26, 171 Zuzim, 344 Index for Words from Ancient Languages

Index of Latin \π“ (epi), “upon, against, into” δι‡ τ˜£βδοµον Áτοςε <ναι (by rea- Names & Terms 183 son of it being the seventh Áρχοµαι (erchomai), to “come or year), 187 Decembris (tenth month, Decem- go,” 183 \ν ú교 τοž θŽρους (in the height ber), 260 ¾ρχετο (erchetoµ ), “coming,” 183, of heat, summer), 238 Dies Imperii (Imperial days), 301, 184 \νειστ}κει γˆρτ—τε, (which came 303, 325, 327, 330 Θαρακˆ (Tharaka), 85 around at that time), 220 Egiptiorum (Egypt), 90 Θαρθ‡κ (Tharthak), 85 Áτει δ τρ’τ~ τς Βασιλε’ας κα “ Ethiopia (Kush), 90 Θαρσ’κην (Tharsiken), 85 πρ˜ςµησ“ντο”æσοις, (Year Februarius, (month of expiation, θŽρους (therous), “wheat, sum- three of the reign and forward February), 261 mer), 238 months the same), 265 Fugit (fugitive), 289 καρποž (karpou), “stored pro- θŽρους ú교 χειµ™να (a winter- Januarius (belonging to Janus, duce,” 187 storm at the height of sum- January), 260 κατˆ ταžτ', (kata taut), “about, mer), 239 Ludi Palatini (games of Palatini), around, nearby,” 225 κα“úκουœσας úπŽστρεψ ε (and 290 µετ—πωρον, (metoporon), “late au- hearing, turned aside), 148a Martio, Martius (March), 260 µετˆ τρ’την =µŽραν tumn,” 239 (within the Novembris (ninth month, No- ¥πQρας (oporas), “the part of the third day after), 34 vember), 260 Ðτι σ‡ββατον Òντ_ γ_ year between the rising of Siri- (because it Octobris (eight month, October), us and of Arcturus, the end of was a sabbath of the land), 187 260, 262 τ|ν úκµ|ντοž χειµ™νος summer, fruit-time,” 239 , (the Perpetuus (perpetual), 289 ¥ρµ‡ω (ormaho), “to make a height of a winter-storm), 233 Persas (Persia), 165 τρισ“ γοžνµησ“ πολιορκηθŽντες start,” 184 , Quintilis, Quinctiles (fifth month, παραγενŽσθαι (paragenesthai), (yet, three months of siege), July), 260-261 aorist infinitive of παρ- 264 Sebiconem (Shebitku), 90 τρ’τ~ γˆρµην“ τςπολιορκ’αν αγ’γνοµαι, 183-184, 186, 189, , Septembris (seventh month, Sep- 195 (because of three months of tember), 260 παραγ’γνοµαι (paragignomai), “to the siege), 264 Sextilis (sixth month, August), be at hand,” 183 260, 261 περικαθεζ﵎νης (perikathezo- Index of Hebrew and ), “to sit all round,” “to Aramaic Names & Terms Index of Latin Statements blockade,” or siege, 250 la (el), “a mighty one,” 5 λεµ’ους hic ab Ethiopia duxit exercitium πο (polemious), “war,” 250 hla (eloah), “a divine being,” 5 πρ“ν atque Sebiconem occidit ipseque (prin), “before,” 184 yhla (eloahi), “divine beings,” 5 σαββατικ˜ν regnavit Egiptiorum” (he led (sabbatikon), “sab- µyhla (eloahim), “collective the army from Ethiopia to bath,” 214 σαββατισµ—ς noun, divine beings,” 5 here and thus killed Shebitku (sabbatismos), “a atsçjtra (Arthkhshastha), i.e. sabbatism,” 5 and he himself ruled [over] “Arta-xerxes,” 160 Egypt), 90 σ‡ββατον (sabbaton), “a keeping tlag (galeth), “redemption,” Themistocles in Persas fugit (The- of sabbath, a sabbath rest,” 5 319, 338 mistocles was a fugitive in ΣηγQρ (Segor), 110 ˆwtbg Persia), 165 σ’του (sitou), “grain (wheat, bar- (G-b-t-u-n; Gibtun), 41 hyldg (G-d-l-y-h; Gedalyah), 83 ley),” 280 whyldg Index of Greek Σω‡ (Soa), 110 (G-d-l-y-h-u; Gedalyahu), Names & Terms ΣQαν (Soan),110 83 Σωβ‡ gjh (he-hag), “the feast,” 274 úκµ|ν (Soba), 110 (akmen), “the highest τρεπ﵎νου (trepo-menou), “turn syrg ˆb llh (Hillel ben Geryis), point of anything,” 233 úργ˜ν towards a thing,” 240 320 (argon), “not working the ϕθιν—πωρον, (phthinoporon), “hav- sydwrh (Herodis, Herodium), 319- ground,” 207 ing lost fruitfulness, late au- 320 °βδοµατικ˜ν (hebdomatikon), tumn,” 239 hyrkz (Z-k-r-y-h; Zachariyah), 83 “seventh, sabbatical,” 219, 225 χειµ™νος χειµ™να £βδοµον (kheimonos) ˆnjwhy rb hyrkz (Zachariah bar , (ebdomon), “seventh,” 219 χειµ™νι \νεργ˜ν (kheimona), (kheimoni) Yahukhanan), 287-288 (energon), “cultivated, “winter-storm,” 233, 240-242 whyrkz productive, active,” 311 (Z-k-r-y-h-u; Zachariyahu), \ξQρµησεν 83 (exormesen;), “set Index of Greek Phrases out),” 184 hyqzj (H-z-q-y-h| ; Hezekiyah), 82- °ορτς (heortes), °ορτ_ (heorte), úλλˆ δι‡ τ˜ ε<ναι τ˜£βδοµον Áτος 83 °ορτ| (heorte), °ορτ}ν (heorten), (because it was the seventh whyqzj (H-z-q-y-h-u| ; Hezekiyahu), “feast, festival,” 274 year), 187 82-83

405 406 Index for Words from Ancient Languages hy (Y-h, Yahu), 83 µlçwry twrjl or why (Y-h-u, Yahu), 83 mls∑ry t∑rKl (For the abr ˆb hdwhy (Yahudah ben Ra- Freedom of Jerusalem), 338 bah), 320 larçy rjlbç or hwhy or larsy rKlbs (Year 2 of the hwhy, (Y-h-u-h, Yahweh), 83, 359 Freedom of Israel), 338 anjwhy rb ˆtnwhy (Yahunatan bar h[jmw µynç çlç (three years Yahukhanna), 288 and one half), 334 ˆdwhy rb πswhy (Yahuseph bar larçy ayçn ˆw[mç Yahudan), 288 or larsy aysn nWOms wy (Y-u, Yahu) , 83 (Simeon, lbwy (Jubil; Jubilee), “the blast of a Nasia [Prince] of Israel), 338 horn,” 20 larçy tlagl tja tnç rkzwy or (Yahu-zakar), 83 larsytlagltKatns (Year 1 ajwy (Yahu-khah), 83 ˆnjwy of the redemption of Israel), (Yahu-khanan), 83 338 µlçwry or mls∑ry Index of Egyptian and (Jerusalem), 337-338 Ethiopian Titles & Names larçy or (byt), “King of Lower Egypt,” larsy or 118 lasy (Israel), 319-320, 338 (Piankhi), 93 ˆyrwk (korin), “kors,” 320 ˆwlsk (Keslon), 287 (Piankhi), 118 ˚tl (lethekh), 320 yaxwm (muzai), “outgoing,” 10 çwk ˚lm (melek Kush), “the king (Py), 92 of Kush,” 91 ≈qm (maqats), “in the last part,” (sa Ra), “Son of Ra,” 118 23 (seten),“King of Upper Egypt,” aysn or 118 ayçn (Nasia, Nasi), “prince,” 319- 320, 327 (Taharqa), 85, 118 rsq ˆwrn (Nero Caesar), 287 ayçn or aysn (Nasia, Nasi), “prince,” 327, 333, 338, 341 hyntn (N-th-n-y-h; Nethan-yah),, 83 whyntn (N-th-n-y-h-u; Nethan- yahu), 83 µlw[ rds (Seder Olam), 326 aws (Sua, So), i.e. “Shabako,” 110 çjn ry[ (Ayr Nakhash), 320 hyqdx (Z-d-q-y-h; Zedeki-yah), 83 whyqdx (Z-d-q-y-h-u; Zedeki- yahu), 83 fbç (Shebat), 319 tbç (sabbath), 3 ˆwtbç (sabbathon), 3 hfmç (shemitah), 159, 287, 320 ˆw[mç or nWOms (Simeon), 338 abswk ˆb ˆw[mç (Simeon ben Ko- siba, Simeon bar Kochba), 319- 320 qhrt (Tirhak; Tirhaq), 85 hqhrt (Tirhakah; Tirhaqah), 85

Index of Hebrew and Aramaic Phrases h[jmw µynç yb (two years and one half), 334 Index for Maps

Adummatu, 115 Lake Van, 115 Akkad, 115 Libnah, 60 Akkû, 60 Lower Egypt (Muzri), 60, 104 Aleppo, 115 Lower Kush, 104 Ammon, 60 Media, 115 Arabia, 115 Medinet-Habu, 104 Aram, 60 Mediterranean Sea, 60, 104, 115 Arish, 60 Memphis, 60, 104, 115 Arvad (island), 60 Meroe (Saba), 104 Arzawa, 115 Middle Egypt, 104 Ashdod, 60 Moab, 60 Ashkelon, 60 [Muzri] (Assyrian definition for Assur, 115 Lower Egypt), 104 Assyria, 115 Muzri (Lower Egypt), 60, 104, Babylon, 115 115 Babylonia, 115 Naharin, 115 Banaibarka, 60 Napata, 104 Beer-Sheba, 60 Nile (Yaur, Gihon) river, 60, 104, Berytus, 60 115 Beth-Dagon, 60 Nineveh, 115 Bitter Lakes, 60 Orontes river, 115 Bit-Yakin, 115 Palestia, 60 Black Sea, 115 Palestim Road, 60 Byblos (Gubili), 60 [Patursu] (the Assyrian defini- Cat. (Catract 1- 5), 104 tion for the northern half of Chaldaea, 115 Upper Egypt, i.e. Middle Cyprus, 60, 115 Egypt), 104 Damascus, 60, 115 Pelusium, 60, 104, 115 Edom, 60 Persian Gulf, 115 Ekron, 60 Phoenicia, 60 Elam, 115 Qadesh, 115 Elephantine, 104 Qadesh (on the Orontes), 115 Ellipi, 115 Rapihu, 60 Eltekeh, 60 Red Sea (Suph Sea), 60, 104, 115 Euphrates river, 115 Saba (Meroe), 104 Gath, 60 Sais, 104 Gaza, 60 Salt Sea (Dead Sea), 60 Gihon (Nile) river, 104 Shasu, 115 Gubli (Byblos), 60 Shihor river, 60 Hamath, 115 Shur Road, 60 Harran, 115 Sidon, 60, 115 Hattusas, 115 Sinai Peninsula, 60 Hebron, 60 Suph Sea (Red Sea), 104 Hermopolis, 104 Syene, 104 Heroo (Ismalilia), 60, 115 Thebes, 104 Iadnana (Cyprus), 60 Tigris river, 115 Jerusalem, 60, 115 Timnah, 60 Joppa, 60 Tunip, 115 Jordan river, 60 Tyre (island), 60, 115 Judah, 60, 104 Tzru (El-Qantara), 60 Kassites, 115 Upper Egypt, 104 Kawa, 104 Upper Kush, 104 Khartum, 104 , 60 Khatti, 115 Ushû, 60 Kur river, 115 Wadi el-Arish, 60, 104 [Kush] (Assyrian definition for Yaur (Nile) river, 104 the southern half of Upper Egypt), 104 Lachish, 60 Lake Urmia, 115

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