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Establishing a Vineyard in Oregon a Quick-Start Resource Guide

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Establishing a Vineyard in Oregon a Quick-Start Resource Guide Archival copy. For current information, see the OSU Extension Catalog: https://catalog.extension.oregonstate.edu/em8973 EM 8973 • Revised September 2014 Establishing a Vineyard in Oregon A Quick-start Resource Guide Patty Skinkis When thinking of planting a vineyard, many questions come to mind: Is the land suitable for growing grapes? What types of soils are needed for successful wine grape production? How much does it cost to establish a vineyard and produce grapes? Decisions about location and design determine the success and sustainability of the vineyard business you imagine. This guide outlines the main factors to consider when you plan a vineyard and suggests resources to assist in planning. Step 1 Check out the website (below) to access publi- cations and other informational media related to Learn about viticulture and vineyard vineyard and winery production. The Viticulture establishment before planting and Enology sections of the website provide access to an up-to-date inventory of Extension publica- The most important step in deciding whether to tions and an archive of research reports from stud- establish a vineyard is to learn as much as possible ies conducted at OSU over more than 20 years. about viticulture and the business of growing grapes. You can also find information about educational This includes understanding vineyard design, estab- events on the website, including webinars, work- lishment, vine growth and development, and the basic shops, and short courses. Those new to the industry requirements of a vineyard business. Considerations are encouraged to attend online or in-person events include vine physiology, vineyard inputs, and crop hosted by the OWRI to learn more and engage with management. By having some understanding of wine others in the industry. grape production, you can avoid costly mistakes during the early years of production. http://owri.oregonstate.edu/ Some of the resources listed below were developed Oregon State University Extension Service specifically for Oregon and/or the Pacific Northwest. The OSU Extension Service provides educational They are especially good sources of information for programs, products, and information for commer- those new to growing grapes. cial grape growers and homeowners who may have a small-scale vineyard in mind. Most of the edu- Oregon State University—Oregon Wine Research Institute (OWRI) cational materials (reports, bulletins, videos, etc.) created by experts at OSU are available at no charge The Oregon Wine Research Institute at Oregon or for a nominal fee on the OSU Extension Service State University is a working group of faculty who website. conduct research, Extension, or teaching programs in viticulture and enology. The website provides http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog/ access to information produced by this team of Oregon Viticulture research and Extension faculty. This book offers information on many aspects of vineyard establishment and production in Oregon. Patty Skinkis, Extension viticulture specialist, Oregon State University. Archival copy. For current information, see the OSU Extension Catalog: https://catalog.extension.oregonstate.edu/em8973 It is a great local resource for new growers. The Status of the Oregon wine industry book is under limited publication at this time. Oregon Vineyard and Winery Report However, it may be available at OSU Extension This report is published by the National offices located within grape production regions Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS, U.S. across the state (see Table 1, page 7). Department of Agriculture). It provides historical http://osupress.oregonstate.edu/book/oregon-viticulture information on grape cultivars grown in Oregon, eViticulture.org from eXtension yields, prices for harvested fruit, and other produc- This website was developed by Extension faculty tion statistics. from across the nation’s land-grant universities. It http://www.nass.usda.gov/Statistics_by_State/Oregon/ is the most up-to-date and readily available source Publications/Vineyard_and_Winery/index.asp of viticulture information for new growers and The NASS reports are not available for all years. winemakers, vineyard and winery employees, and The Oregon Wine Board has collected produc- seasoned professionals. You can find information tion statistics in recent years; contact them for new that ranges from vineyard establishment to man- reports. agement, diagnostics, and more. Articles are con- tinually updated and new content created to serve http://oregonwine.org the needs of the commercial grape industry. Economics of vineyard establishment http://eViticulture.org It is important to consider the establishment and http://eXtension.org/grapes development costs associated with a vineyard. A Vineyard development consultants number of resources are available to help assess these While it is best to learn as much as possible about costs, and they are useful whether you are a new vineyard establishment and viticulture before grower or a farmer planning to expand your opera- starting your vineyard, it may also be beneficial tions to include grape production. to ask a vineyard consultant to guide you through AgTools™ the establishment process. There are consultants This online, self-serve program is one of the best throughout Oregon who specialize in vineyard open-source tools for assessing the economics of systems. Contact your local Extension office or the vineyard establishment. It was developed by a team OWRI for a list of local consultants. of economists and Extension faculty from Oregon State University and several other universities. The Step 2 program contains four different modules, includ- ing AgProfit™, AgFinance™, AgLease™, and AgPlan™ Develop a business plan and is available online at no charge. Use instruc- tions are available on the website complete with Like any agribusiness, establishing a vineyard to online training sessions and videos. produce grapes requires thoughtful pre-planning to http://www.agtools.org be successful. Often those who dream of a vineyard are unprepared for the costs required for establish- Enterprise budgets ment and annual maintenance. The cost of establish- OSU Extension faculty in Oregon developed ing and producing grapevines is higher than for other enterprise budgets for wine grapes in eastern and perennial crops due to the trellis system, the manual western Oregon. These budgets outline the antici- labor required, and the preference to maintain an aes- pated costs and returns of vineyard establishment thetic design, particularly if the vineyard is associated and production in two important grape-growing with a winery or agritourism. The resources below regions of the state. These budgets are available provide the basic information needed in the business online from the OSU Extension Service. planning process. http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog/ 2 Archival copy. For current information, see the OSU Extension Catalog: https://catalog.extension.oregonstate.edu/em8973 Northwest Grapes Cost-of-Production Calculators Step 3 These online calculators were developed by the Washington Wine Industry Foundation and the Determine site suitability USDA’s Risk Management Agency for vineyards in the Pacific Northwest. It is a menu-driven site that Whether you already own land that you plan to assists the user in developing an enterprise budget develop or are searching for the perfect site, you must for wine or juice grapes using conventional or determine whether the site is suitable for grapes. organic farming methods. Climate, topography, and soils play the important roles in determining whether a site is suitable for http://www.nwgrapecalculators.org/ a viable vineyard. For information on conditions Financing suitable for grape growing in Oregon, see Oregon Viticulture, Chapter 3 (pages 44–50) and other It is important that prospective vineyard owners resources listed under Step 1 in this publication. investigate whether financing is available before making a commitment to buy or lease land to estab- Climatic factors lish a vineyard. Not all types of grapes (cultivars) grow or pro- OSU Extension Service Small Farms Program duce quality fruit in a given location. The goal is to This website provides information regarding be able to grow healthy grapevines and ripen fruit financial assistance and start-up funding resources consistently each year. Cultivars differ in their winter for new farmers. hardiness, season length, and heat requirements, so http://smallfarms.oregonstate.edu/ it is important to know the climate data for the area. You will need data on minimum winter temperatures, Marketing and location seasonal temperatures, growing degree-days, and It is important to locate your vineyard in an area frost-free days to determine which grape cultivars can where you can produce a consistent crop of high- be grown on your site or whether you can grow grapes quality grapes. However, an equally important at all. factor is proximity to a viable market. You want to Growing degree-days (GDD) locate your vineyard in an area that facilitates sale An important climatic factor is seasonal accumula- of your fruit to wineries or marketing your wine to tion of growing degree-days (GDD). GDDs are a mea- consumers. sure of heat accumulated during the growing season. Specified vineyard production regions in the They are calculated using the average daily tempera- United States are known as American Viticultural ture for each day, with a daily minimum threshold Areas (AVA). Some wineries may wish
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