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Home , Llywelyn ap Gruffudd

Lesson plan: Overview of Edwardian Conquest

Lesson objective: · More Revolts: Why do you think the Welsh revolted in Learners to demonstrate an 1294 -5? understanding of the Edwardian conquest of . Answers:

Focus: Slow Conquest 1. The English controlled the South History, Literacy and East of Wales. 2. The three reasons: 1. Wales had lots of small Task – Read and Understand: kingdoms, so the English Hand out iPads with the iBook could only conquer ‘Conquest of Wales’. Alternatively small areas at a time. handout copies of the PDF. The task is 2. The Welsh used guerrilla to read through the book and answer warfare. the questions on each page. To make 3. The Welsh had mountainous lands to hide in. the task easier assign small groups of 3. A tactic using lots of small attacks students with pages to read; instead of one big battle. answering only the questions for these

pages. The titles of each page are Llywelyn’s Kingdom given for each group of questions. 1. .

Go through the answers as a class. If Run-up to War students have been assigned pages to 1. Llywelyn would not pay homage read, ask the whole class to fill in all of to Edward I. the answers when going through it as 2. The 2 reasons: a class. The answers to the questions 1. Edward had provided are below. sanctuary for Edward’s brother Dafydd ap Plenary: Gruffudd and the Welsh lord Gruffudd ap Gwenwynwyn. As a class discuss the questions posed 2. Edward had abducted in the iBook: Llywelyn’s fiancée Eleanor de · Death of Llywelyn: How would Montfort. the people of Wales feel about the death of Llywelyn? Invasion Begins · Edward’s Celebration: How do 1. Edward’s plan was to attack on you think the Welsh felt about three sides: the north east, centre and south. Edward’s celebrations? 2. Dafydd ap Gruffudd. · Boroughs: How do you think 3. Gruffudd ap Gwenwynwyn. felt about being

moved from their land?

Edward Invades Statute of Wales 1. 9,000. 1. The statue replaced Welsh 2. Edward sent 2,000 foot soldiers to criminal law with English criminal take . law. 3. The treaty reduced Llywelyn from 2. The Justice of North Wales. Prince of Wales to Prince of 3. Counties. . Castles of Edward I Wales Revolts 1. The 2 functions: 1. Dafydd ap Gruffudd. 1. A military function to house 2. They saw that the attacks on the soldiers. English had been successful. 2. To scare the Welsh into 3. Edward’s goal was to conquer all submission. of Wales. Boroughs Death of Llywelyn 1. Two reasons the Welsh resented 1. The Battle of Orewin Bridge. boroughs: 2. The 2 stories: 1. English immigrants were 1. Llywelyn was killed by a given special privileges. knight called Stephen de 2. Welsh people could not live Frankton. He only in the boroughs. discovered that it was Llywelyn after he had killed More Revolts him. 1. Two reasons: 2. Llywleyn was lured into a 1. He was disappointed he trap by the English and had not been rewarded chased into a wood better for his support where he was killed. of Edward in the conquest 3. Llywelyn’s head was sent to the of Wales. to be put on 2. He was fed up of the Justice display above the gates. of South Wales interfering with his rule. Wales Conquered 2. The three lords: 1. Dafydd was captured and 1. Madog ap Llywelyn in the sentenced to death. north. 2. Morgan ap Maredudd in Edward’s Celebration . 1. Edward travelled across Wales to 3. Maelgwn ap Rhys in the celebrate his victory. South West. 2. Edward wanted to celebrate his victory and show he had completely conquered all of Wales. 3. His son Edward of Caernarvon.

Conquest

Slow Conquest

1. What parts of Wales did the English control before the Edwardian conquest? ______

2. List three reasons it was difficult to conquer all of Wales?

1.______

2.______

3.______

3. What is guerrilla warfare? ______

Llywelyn’s Kingdom

1. What was Llywelyn ap Gruffudd officially recognised as in 1267? ______

Conquest

Run-up to War

1. Why did Edward I refuse to recognise Llywelyn as Prince of Wales? ______

2. What 2 reasons did Llywelyn have for not paying homage to Edward I?

1.______

2.______

Invasion Begins

1. What was Edward’s plan to attack Llywelyn? ______

2. Who helped the English attack north Wales? ______

3. Who helped the English attach central Wales? ______

Conquest

Edward Invades

1. How many soldiers in Edward’s army were Welsh? ______

2. How did Edward surround Llywelyn? ______

3. What did the Treaty of Aberconway do? ______

Wales Revolts

1. Who started the revolt? ______

2. Why did more Welsh leaders join the revolt? ______

3. What was Edward’s goal in 1282? ______

Conquest

Death of Llywelyn

1. What was the name of the battle on 11th December 1282? ______

2. What 2 stories are there about Llywelyn’s death?

1.______

2.______

3. What happened to Llywelyn’s head? ______

Wales Conquered

1. What happened to Dafydd ap Gruffudd on 21st June 1282? ______

Conquest

Edward’s Celebration

1. What did Edward do between September and December 1282? ______

2. Why did Edward hold celebrations? ______

3. Who did Edward make Prince of Wales in 1301? ______

Statute of Wales

1. What did the Statute of Wales change? ______

2. Who replaced the Welsh Princes in North Wales? ______

3. What new system was introduced to Wales? ______

Conquest

Castles of Edward I

1. What 2 functions did castles have?

1.______

2.______

Boroughs

1. List 2 reasons why Welsh people resented boroughs?

1.______

2.______

Conquest

More Revolts

1. List 2 reasons why rebelled?

1.______

2.______

2. Who were the 3 lords who led the revolt of 1294-5 and where were they from?

1.______

2.______

3.______

L esson plan: Divide and Conquer

Lesson objective:

Learners to understand how Wales was conquered using divisive methods.

Focus:

History, PE, Numeracy

Task 1:

The purpose of this activity is to demonstrate to the students how the English conquered Wales by

conquering small sections at a time. As Task 2:

the English conquered lands some Borough Dice Game Welsh lords and princes would pledge The purpose of this activity is to show allegiance to the English and help the students that the English them fight the remaining Welsh. For anglicised Wales by bringing in English more information on the conquest see immigrants to the boroughs the ‘Conquest of Wales’ iBook or PDF. surrounding castles. These immigrants

would be given an unfair advantage This activity should take place in the over the native Welsh as they were playground or the school hall. Choose given economic privileges. For further 3 students. These students represent information and images see the page the three English armies that attacked on Boroughs in the ‘Edwardian Wales in 1277. The rest of the class Conquest of Wales’ iBook or PDF. represent the Welsh. The English army

stand in the middle of the How to play: Split the class into groups playground/hall. The rest of the of 4 – 8. Each group will play their own students stand at one end. The Welsh game. Every student in the group will armies run from one end to the other. take it in turn to roll the dice. If they The English armies run from side to have an even number their character side in the middle and tag anyone they will be a Welsh person living outside catch. Once a student is tagged they the borough. If they roll an odd have to join the English army. The number their character will be an remaining Welsh soldiers run back English immigrant living inside the across and the English armies try and borough. Now they have their tag them again. This is repeated until characters they take it in turn to roll all have been tagged. the dice. Those whose character is an

English immigrant get double the points for every roll. The first person in the group to 50 wins the game.

Plenary:

Discuss as a group the following questions.

Conquest: · How do you think the Welsh felt when other Welsh lords and princes joined the English?

Boroughs · If you were Welsh in the game, how did it feel to play against the English players? · If you were English in the game, how did it feel to earn double the points? · Was it fair to give the English extra points? · How do you think Welsh people felt when they weren’t allowed to live in the boroughs?

Lesson plan: Battle Castle

Lesson objective: can stick their counters to the board to make sure they don’t move during Learners to understand the use of play. castles as a means of controlling the population. The aim of the game is to destroy all the opponent’s counters. For every Focus: miss mark that box in the upper map with an X. For every hit mark the box History, Geography, Art with a tick. When a castle has destroyed the player should say

Starter questions: ‘you’ve destroyed my castle’. The winner is the first to destroy all the · Why did Edward I build castles opponent’s pieces. in Wales? · Q: What was the most Task 2: common reason for castles being captured: A) losing in a The second task is to work out where battle, B) being destroyed by Edward I built his castles in Wales. The catapults and trebuchets or C) students have a blank map of Wales. the defending side running out The land in green shows the land ruled of food and water? by Llywelyn ap Gruffudd in 1267. The A: C striped land shows the land ruled by the English. There are 17 castles to Ta·sk 1 : place on the map. The student’s task is to mark with an X the 17 squares Make Battle Castle where they think Edward would have Print out the Battle Castle task sheets built a castle. The students should for each student. If possible print the think about where would be the best sheet onto card, if not ask the place to build a castle to control students to stick the sheets on to card. Llywelyn’s land. The first task is to draw castles in the boxes on page 2, then cut the boxes Below is the answer sheet. Read out out to use them as counters for the the letter and number for each castle. game. The student’s then fold page Include every square that castle sits in. one along the black line in the centre. Students receive one point for every This will create the board and allow correctly placed castle. Ask the the students to hide their counters. students how many points they have scored from 17 – 0. Play Battle Castle Split the class into pairs, Battle Castle Plenary: is a 2 player game. The students place their counters on the bottom board. Discuss the following questions as a Part of the counter should be placed class: on a square with land in it. They · Why did Edward build most of should make sure their opponents the castles in North Wales? can’t see their counters. The students

Task 2 Answers:

Draw castles in the boxes and cut them out to use as counters

ﻮ ╫ÇĂℓ Lesson plan: Reporting Llywelyn’s Death

Lesson objective: Examples: - A letter could be written by an Learners to understand the story of English lord reporting the news Llywelyn ap Gruffudd’s death and how of Llywelyn’s death or this story would be viewed from congratulating King Edward on different perspectives. defeating Llywelyn. - A poem could be written for a Focus: Welsh audience to describe how their heroic leader died in History, Literacy battle. - A neutral point of view could be from a person who is Starter questions: neither English nor Welsh · How do you think the Welsh reporting the events to would feel about the death of someone from another Llywelyn? country. · How do you think the English would feel about the death of The students should use the Llywelyn? appropriate language and images for · How do you think people from their perspective. other countries would feel about the death of Llywelyn? To hear an actual letter written to King Edward about the death of Llywelyn Task: visit peoplescollection.wales and search Llywelyn death. Here you can Use the iBook or PDF of the ‘Conquest listen to English and Welsh of Wales’ to find out about the events translations of the letter along with leading to Llywelyn’s death and the the original Anglo-Norman. aftermath. For extra information place sources around the classroom to Plenary: ensure the students have plenty of ways to investigate: Ask for volunteers to read out their · Historical books letter or poem to the class. · Encyclopedia and/or fact books · Access to the internet

Handout the ‘Reporting Llywelyn’s Death’ task sheet. The student’s task is to write a letter or poem reporting Llywelyn’s death. The letter or poem can be addressed to a Welsh, English or neutral audience.

______