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Princes of Gwynedd Guidebook
Princes of Gwynedd Guidebook Discover the legends of the mighty princes of Gwynedd in the awe-inspiring landscape of North Wales PRINCES OF GWYNEDD GUIDEBOOK Front Cover: Criccieth Castle2 © Princes of Gwynedd 2013 of © Princes © Cadw, Welsh Government (Crown Copyright) This page: Dolwyddelan Castle © Conwy County Borough Council PRINCES OF GWYNEDD GUIDEBOOK 3 Dolwyddelan Castle Inside this book Step into the dramatic, historic landscapes of Wales and discover the story of the princes of Gwynedd, Wales’ most successful medieval dynasty. These remarkable leaders were formidable warriors, shrewd politicians and generous patrons of literature and architecture. Their lives and times, spanning over 900 years, have shaped the country that we know today and left an enduring mark on the modern landscape. This guidebook will show you where to find striking castles, lost palaces and peaceful churches from the age of the princes. www.snowdoniaheritage.info/princes 4 THE PRINCES OF GWYNEDD TOUR © Sarah McCarthy © Sarah Castell y Bere The princes of Gwynedd, at a glance Here are some of our top recommendations: PRINCES OF GWYNEDD GUIDEBOOK 5 Why not start your journey at the ruins of Deganwy Castle? It is poised on the twin rocky hilltops overlooking the mouth of the River Conwy, where the powerful 6th-century ruler of Gwynedd, Maelgwn ‘the Tall’, once held court. For more information, see page 15 © Princes of Gwynedd of © Princes If it’s a photo opportunity you’re after, then Criccieth Castle, a much contested fortress located high on a headland above Tremadog Bay, is a must. For more information, see page 15 © Princes of Gwynedd of © Princes If you prefer a remote, more contemplative landscape, make your way to Cymer Abbey, the Cistercian monastery where monks bred fine horses for Llywelyn ap Iorwerth, known as Llywelyn ‘the Great’. -
Llywelyn the Last
LLYWELYN THE LAST KEY STAGE 3 Medieval Wales was a place of warring kings who often met violent deaths, sometimes at the hands of members of their own family! These struggles were usually over local power and influence. All these rulers thought of themselves as Welsh, but their main concern was usually their own small kingdom (and staying alive long enough to help it flourish). The fortunes of these different Welsh kingdoms had risen and fallen over time, but in the thirteenth century the land of Gwynedd in north-west Wales became particularly powerful under the leadership of Llywelyn Fawr (‘Llywelyn the Great’). A skilled military leader, he defeated many rival Welsh rulers and at his death controlled much of Wales. Gwynedd’s power would reach its height, however, under Llywelyn Fawr’s grandson, Llywelyn ap Gruffudd (‘Llywelyn the Last’). Llywelyn ap Gruffudd conquered several Welsh kingdoms, and soon claimed to be ruler over the whole of Wales, calling himself ‘Prince of Wales’. Many Welsh leaders swore loyalty to Llywelyn and recognised his authority, although even now some Welsh lords opposed him. The troubles experienced by a weakened English crown at this time saw Henry III sign the Treaty of Montgomery in 1267 which recognised Llywelyn’s title as Prince of Wales and ensured it would be passed on to his successors. ‘Wales’ now had a leader and a hereditary office he could occupy. Llywelyn had squeezed concessions out of Henry III who was a relatively ineffective English king, but the next king, Edward, was a different prospect. Edward I came to the throne in 1272. -
Bangor University DOCTOR of PHILOSOPHY Image and Reality In
Bangor University DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Image and Reality in Medieval Weaponry and Warfare: Wales c.1100 – c.1450 Colcough, Samantha Award date: 2015 Awarding institution: Bangor University Link to publication General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 24. Sep. 2021 BANGOR UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF HISTORY, WELSH HISTORY AND ARCHAEOLOGY Note: Some of the images in this digital version of the thesis have been removed due to Copyright restrictions Image and Reality in Medieval Weaponry and Warfare: Wales c.1100 – c.1450 Samantha Jane Colclough Note: Some of the images in this digital version of the thesis have been removed due to Copyright restrictions [i] Summary The established image of the art of war in medieval Wales is based on the analysis of historical documents, the majority of which have been written by foreign hands, most notably those associated with the English court. -
ANNIVERSARY CATALOGUE N E Y R 1967-2017 B 50 C Di an D Rif O Gyhoe
H g o a i n w ANNIVERSARY CATALOGUE n e y r 1967-2017 b 50 c di an d rif o gyhoe Books for Wales www.ylolfa.com celebrating 50! Welcome to our 50th Anniversary Catalogue! Following the great party we had in Aberystwyth in May, with two top Welsh bands, it’s still hard to believe we’ve now hit middle age, especially as we’ve always flaunted our roots in the youthful protest of the fun-loving, anti- establishment Sixties! But if we’ve managed to build a such as Nigel Owens and Carwyn James, biographies successful company over the of leading Welsh footballers and also books inspired years, hopefully true to those by Wales’ recent foray into the European Cup. There ideals, how can we complain? are books about Welsh history – national and local Y Lolfa literally means – creative fiction, poetry, ‘The Lounge’ but also ‘Fun- humour and biographies of place’, Lol being the satirical general interest. We now magazine we got involved publish a wide choice for with back in the Sixties. We Welsh learners, and a range were the unofficial printers to of Welsh-interest books for the activist Welsh Language tourists. Society and as publishers we However, please note that aimed at a mix of the political this catalogue includes and popular. Our earliest best- books published in the last seller – selling over 250,000 three years only, with just a Our warehouse in Talybont, with its mural copies – was the humorous few from our backlist. For a by local artist, Ruth Jên Welsh is Fun, and we then full list of titles, authors, and gradually expanded into all sorts of books of Welsh other information, please go interest, in both languages. -
Llywelyn the Great FOLLOW the FOLLOW FOOTSTEPS Medieval Wales Was Divided Into Independent Kingdoms Ruled by Princes
Heroes and Heroines of Wales Llywelyn the Great FOLLOW THE FOLLOW FOOTSTEPS Medieval Wales was divided into independent kingdoms ruled by princes. Each vied to gain power over the other, whilst also defending themselves from Anglo-Norman lords and the English king. Our story is centred on Gwynedd in north-west Wales, the most remote and mountainous of the Welsh kingdoms. Llywelyn the Great The powerful prince who united Wales Llywelyn ap Iorwerth, known as ‘Llywelyn the Great’ was one of the most famous and powerful of the Princes of Gwynedd. He was a brave warrior, but also a shrewd diplomat. By the time of his death, Llywelyn had united most of native Wales under his rule. uring his reign, Llywelyn built a chain of imposing castles Dto defend the borders of Gwynedd and the heartland of ‘Llywelyn the Great’, one of the Snowdonia. Many of the ruins can still be seen today. He was also most powerful Welsh princes a generous patron of the church and the poets. Making peace with England Llywelyn became ruler of Gwynedd around 1200, and one of his first moves was to make a treaty with King John of England. This was the first written agreement between an English king and a Welsh ruler. Llywelyn swore loyalty to the king, and in return was allowed to keep the territory he had gained in Wales. The alliance with England was strengthened in 1205 when Llywelyn married Joan, the daughter of King John. King John of England Back to battle The peace between the two countries lasted for about ten years. -
Ty'n Llan Gwyddelwern, Corwen LL21 9DL
Ty'n llan Gwyddelwern, Corwen LL21 9DL Revised History Researched and written by Gill. Jones & Ann Morgan 2018 incorporating the original research and notes by Janice Dale & Margaret Dunn May 2012 HOUSE HISTORY RESEARCH Written in the language chosen by the volunteers and researchers & including information so far discovered PLEASE NOTE ALL THE HOUSES IN THIS PROJECT ARE PRIVATE AND THERE IS NO ADMISSION TO ANY OF THE PROPERTIES ©Discovering Old Welsh Houses [North West Wales Dendrochronology Project] ©Discovering Old Welsh Houses Group Rhif Elusen Gofrestredig: Registered charity No: 1131782 Contents page 1. Building Description 2 2. Early Background History 4 3. 16th Century 8 4. 17th Century 9 5. 18th Century 11 6. 19th Century 20 7. 20th Century 24 8. 21st Century 27 Appendix 1 The descendants of Madog ap Maredudd 1 28 Appendix 2 The Royal House of Cunedda Wledig 29 Appendix 3 The Ancestors of Gruffydd ap Einion 31 Appendix 4 The descendants of Madog ap Maredudd 2 33 Appendix 5 The descendants of Madog ap Maredudd 3 34 Appendix 6 The Pedigree of Iorwerth Saeth Marchog 35 Appendix 7 The Family of Maerdy in Gwyddelwern 36 Appendix 8 The Salusbury Family of Rûg 38 Appendix 9 The Lloyds of Llys Fassi & Gelli Cynan 39 Appendix 10 the Meyrick Family of Ucheldref 40 Appendix 11 The Inventory of John Williams 1739 41 1 Ty'n Llan, Gwyddelwern Building Description NPRN: 409865 Map reference: SJ04NE Grid reference: SJ07604673 Site Description1:A cruck-framed hall-house converted to a storeyed house of regional , lobby-entry type. There are two principal phases: The earliest a late-medieval hallhouse of ‘gentry’ type, i.e. -
Forthcoming MHS Events
ISSUE 35 NOVEMBER 2018 CHARITY No. 1171392 Editor: Hugh Wood, 38 Charlton Rise, Ludlow SY8 1ND; 01584 876901; [email protected] IN THIS ISSUE Forthcoming Events News Items Changes to subscription arrangements Proposed change to the constitution End of the Wigmore Church Project Wedding costumes for Roger & Joan? New Members Report MHS Visit to medieval London and the National Archives Articles Introducing the Mortimers 7 Edmund Mortimer (d.1331) and Roger Mortimer, 2nd Earl of March - Hugh Wood The Mortimers in Maelienydd: Cefnllys Castle and Abbey Cwm Hir Part of a page from the Wigmore Chronicle in Chicago The chronicle will feature in our next event on 16th February - Philip Hume in Hereford Forthcoming MHS Events Saturday 16th February 2019 - On the Record: Writing the Mortimer Family into History Medieval chronicle writing - College Hall, Hereford - see next page for details and booking Saturday 16th March 2019 - The Medieval Castle and Borough of Richards Castle AGM at 10.00; talk by Philip Hume at 11.00 - Richards Castle Village Hall -see later page for details Saturday 18th May 2019 - The Mortimers to 1330: from Wigmore to ruler of England Our Spring Conference at Leominster Priory Saturday 29th June 2019 - The Mortimer Inheritance: Key to the Yorkist Crown Joint conference with Richard III Society at Ludlow Assembly Rooms and St Laurence's Church This will be a popular event - Booking opens 1st December 2018 - see our website Wednesday 4th September 2019 - Members' Visit to Wigmore Castle and Wigmore Abbey Saturday 5th October 2019 - The Ludlow Castle Heraldic Roll: A Window into Tudor Times Saturday 30th November 2019 - Lordship and Enduring Influence: the Mortimers in Medieval Ireland Ticket Prices: members £9; non-members £13 For more information and booking click here If you are interested but don't have a computer ring Hugh on 01584 876901 News Items Membership and subscriptions - some important changes Subscription rates These have remained unchanged since the Society was formed nearly ten years ago. -
Arthurian Personal Names in Medieval Welsh Poetry
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Aberystwyth Research Portal ʹͲͳͷ Summary The aim of this work is to provide an extensive survey of the Arthurian personal names in the works of Beirdd y Tywysogion (the Poets of the Princes) and Beirdd yr Uchelwyr (the Poets of the Nobility) from c.1100 to c.1525. This work explores how the images of Arthur and other Arthurian characters (Gwenhwyfar, Llachau, Uthr, Eigr, Cai, Bedwyr, Gwalchmai, Melwas, Medrawd, Peredur, Owain, Luned, Geraint, Enid, and finally, Twrch Trwyth) depicted mainly in medieval Welsh prose tales are reflected in the works of poets during that period, traces their developments and changes over time, and, occasionally, has a peep into reminiscences of possible Arthurian tales that are now lost to us, so that readers will see the interaction between the two aspects of middle Welsh literary tradition. Table of Contents Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................... 3 Bibliographical Abbreviations and Short Titles ....................................................... 4 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 9 Chapter 1: Possible Sources in Welsh and Latin for the References to Arthur in Medieval Welsh Poetry .............................................................................................. 17 1.1. Arthur in the White Book of Rhydderch and the -
Edward I and Wales
Edward I and Wales R.R. Davies Conquest and foreign domination are the themes of this volume. They are probably the most traumatic experiences that any country can undergo. Medieval Wales is no exception. The impact of the final Edwardian conquest of Wales 1277–83 was, it is true, greatly reduced by the fact that much of eastern and southern Wales had already been conquered in a piecemeal fashion over two centuries; the inhabitants of those districts had thereby had ample opportunity to come to terms with Anglo-Norman rule over many generations. Even in the rest of Wales the prospect of foreign conquest had loomed dangerously close on several occasions in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. Nevertheless the shattering impact of the events of 1277–83 on north and west Wales and on what we may call the Welsh national psyche can hardly be denied. ‘Is it the end of the world?’ (Oes derfyn byd?), wondered one poet in a mood of suicidal despair; ‘Ah God, that the sea would drown the land!’ (Och hyd atat-ti, Dduw, na ddaw mor dros dir!) yearned another. The native Welsh chronicler was more prosaic, but the telegraphic brevity of his comment could not conceal his sense of utter cataclysm: ‘And then all Wales was cast to the ground’ (Ac yna y bwriwyd boll Gymru i’r llawr). It is not difficult to understand this hysterical response. Within the space of five years the three great Welsh princely dynasties of Gwynedd, Deheubarth and northern Powys were either virtually extinguished or peremptorily dispossessed or, at best, their surviving members were reduced to the status of distressed gentlefolk. -
Transactions of the Shropshire Archaeological and Historical Society
ISSN 0143-5175 Shropshire History and Archaeology Transactions of the Shropshire Archaeological and Historical Society (incorporating the Shropshire Parish Register Society) VOLUME LXXXVII edited by D. T. W. Price SHREWSBURY 2012 (ISSUED IN 2014) © Shropshire Archaeological and Historical Society 2014 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of the Shropshire Archaeological and Historical Society. Produced and printed by 4word Ltd., Bristol COUNCIL AND OFFICERS 1 APRIL 2014 President SIR NEIL COSSONS, O.B.E., M.A., F.S.A. Vice-Presidents ERNIE JENKS MADGE MORAN, F.S.A. M. UNA REES, B.A., PH.D. B. S. TRINDER, M.A., PH.D., F.S.A. Elected Members NIGEL BAKER, B.A., PH.D., F.S.A., M.I.F.A. MARY F. MCKENZIE, M.A., M.AR.AD. NEIL CLARKE, B.A. MARTIN SPEIGHT, B.A., PH.D. ROBERT CROMARTY, B.A. ROGER WHITE, B.A., PH.D., M.I.F.A. HUGH HANNAFORD, M.I.F.A. ANDYWIGLEY, B.SC., M.A., PH.D., F.S.A., P.C.H.E. W. F. HODGES Chairman JAMES LawsON, M.A., Westcott Farm, Habberley, Shrewsbury SY5 0SQ Hon. Secretary and Hon. Publications Secretary G. C. BAUGH, M.A., F.S.A., Glebe House, Vicarage Road, Shrewsbury SY3 9EZ Hon. Treasurer FRANCESCA BUMPUS, M.A., PH.D., 9 Alexandra Avenue, Meole Brace, Shrewsbury SY3 9HT Hon. Membership Secretary PENNY WARD, M.A., M.I.F.A., 1 Crewe Street, Shrewsbury SY3 9QF Hon. -
From Footnotes to Narrative
1 INTRODUCTION LANGUISHING IN THE FOOTNOTES: WOMEN AND WELSH MEDIEVAL HISTORIOGRAPHY The era known as the high Middle Ages, in particular the thirteenth century, was an epochal period for Wales. While the high Middle Ages was a period of cultural transformation in all of western Europe, in Wales it was also a time of great upheaval and complete change, which was to have a greater impact on Welsh society than was experienced by most other medieval societies. In fact, for some, the effects of this upheaval and change in Wales may be described as catastrophic. The thirteenth century has been called the ‘age of the Welsh Princes’. Under the leadership of the rulers of the house of Gwynedd, the Welsh achieved some measure of independence from their English overlords during this century. For a time the native Welsh princes were able to mitigate their characteristic unrelenting internal conflict and factionalism and unite against their Anglo-Norman oppressors.1 Fundamental changes which were to have an overwhelming effect on Wales took place in England during this period. For example, the end of the twelfth and beginning of the thirteenth centuries saw the gradual introduction of the English common law into England, much of which is still in use to this day. The ascension to the English throne in 1272 of Edward I, who unlike his two predecessors was a strong king, was another factor in this upheaval and change which took place in Wales. 1 K. Stokes, The Myth of Wales: Constructions of Ethnicity 1100-1300 (Monash: Monash Publications in History: 27, 1999), p.15. -
The Archaeology of Castle Slighting in the Middle Ages
The Archaeology of Castle Slighting in the Middle Ages Submitted by Richard Nevell, to the University of Exeter as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Archaeology in October 2017. This thesis is available for Library use on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. I certify that all material in this thesis which is not my own work has been identified and that no material has previously been submitted and approved for the award of a degree by this or any other University. Signature: ……………………………………………………………………………… Abstract Medieval castle slighting is the phenomenon in which a high-status fortification is demolished in a time of conflict. At its heart are issues about symbolism, the role of castles in medieval society, and the politics of power. Although examples can be found throughout the Middle Ages (1066–1500) in England, Wales and Scotland there has been no systematic study of the archaeology of castle slighting. Understanding castle slighting enhances our view of medieval society and how it responded to power struggles. This study interrogates the archaeological record to establish the nature of castle slighting: establishing how prevalent it was chronologically and geographically; which parts of castles were most likely to be slighted and why this is significant; the effects on the immediate landscape; and the wider role of destruction in medieval society. The contribution of archaeology is especially important as contemporary records give little information about this phenomenon. Using information recovered from excavation and survey allows this thesis to challenge existing narratives about slighting, especially with reference to the civil war between Stephen and Matilda (1139–1154) and the view that slighting was primarily to prevent an enemy from using a fortification.