Century 1 © 1989 -2011 by Timothy Ministries Contemporary Events the Church

63 BC to AD 66 Israel ruled by Rome.

14 Augustus dies. 14-37 Tiberius Caesar.

22-220 Later Han Dynasty, China. 33 Death and resurrection of Je- 37-41 Gaius Caligula. sus Christ. 41-54 Claudius Caesar. 34 Conversion of Saul of Tarsus. 43 Rome conquers Southern Brit- 34-37 Paul in Damascus/Arabia. ain, London founded. 44 James son of Zebedee martyred. 47 Paul’s missionary journeys begin. 47 Birth of Plutarch. 48 Jews no longer majority of Chris- 50 Gothic kingdom set up on tian believers. Lower Vistoula. 49 Jews in Rome riot against Jewish 54-68 Nero. believers and are expelled from 64 Burning of city. Rome. 50 Jerusalem Council. 66-73 Jewish-Roman 50-66 Paul’s letters. War. Holy Land 56 Paul’s arrival and arrest in Jeru- Christians refuse salem (Acts 21). to join nationalist 59-60 Paul sailed to Roman imprison- movement. ment. Acts written. 69-79 Vespasian. 60 Matthew martyred. 70 Jerusalem destroyed. 63,64 1 & 2 Peter written. 73 Fall of Masada. 64 Nero persecutes Christians in 79-81 Titus. Rome, martyrdom of Peter. 79 Vesuvius erupts. 67 Paul beheaded in Rome, Linus 81-96 Domitian. becomes bishop of Rome. 90 Birkat ha- 80-90 Christians slandered and perse- Minim: ritual cuted in province of Asia (Rev 2.9; Jewish curse 3.9). against Chris- 88-97 Clement (ˈklĕ-mənt) bishop of tians and other Rome. “heretics.” 96 Persecution under Domitian. 96-8 Nerva. 98-117 Trajan. 100 Death of John & Clement of Rome, appearance of Elkesaites. Painting from Pompeii C - 1 Christian Centuries Time Line The Mustard Seed Story Century 2 A BC to AD Course By Timothy Ministries © 1989 -2011 Contemporary Events The Church

116-17 Jewish uprisings in Egypt, 111 Trajan’s letter to Pliny the Young- Cyrenaica, Mesopotamia, Cy- er. prus and Palestine. 115 Ignatius’ letters and mar- 117-38 Hadrian. tyrdom. 132-35 Bar Cochba Revolt; Jewish 115-120 Christian worship shifts al- followers of Jesus once again most exclusively from Sabbath refuse to join rebellion. to Sunday. 135 Epistle of Barnabas. 144 Elements of Gnostic philoso- 135 Jews expelled from Jerusalem. phy flood the Church. Marcion Separation of Christians from (ˈmär-shē-ŏn; -sĕ-ŏn) excommu- their Jewish heritage essen- nicated & soon begins sect. tially complete. 150 Marcionists reject the OT. Jus- 138-61 Antonius Pius. tin Martyr’s Apology. 155 Justin vs. Marcion. Polycarp Martyred. 160-165 “Plague of Galen”: Epidemic 160 Persecution in Rome, Gaul & sweeps Roman Empire killing Africa. Justin Martyr asserts 25-33% of the population. that Christians are “true spiritual Israel.” 161-80 Marcus Aurelius. 165 Justin Martyr beheaded in Rome. 170 Persecution under Marcus Aurelius. 175 Montanism begins in Phrygia. 177 Christians Martyred at Lyon; Irenaeus becomes Bishop. 185 Origen (ˈōr-ĭ-jĕn) born. 189 Recurrence of plague. Irenaeus’ (i-rĕ-ˈnā-əs) Against 193-211 Septimus Severus, Emperor of Heresies. Rome. 189-99 Victor I, bishop of Rome. 190 Adoptionist error appears. Irenaus martyred in persecution under Septimus Severus (sə-ˈvĭr-əs). * Superscript notations 199 Tertullian’s Apology. refer to publications in 200 “The Bishop of Rome gains the Books and Resources his predominant position List. as pope.”Grun, 1982

C - 2 The Mustard Christian Centuries Time Line Seed Story A BC to AD Course Century 3 © 1989 -2011 By Timothy Ministries Contemporary Events The Church 202 Perpetua & Felicitas martyred in Carthage. 205 Origen begins writing. 208 Silk Road closed for 1,000 207 Interested non-Christians be- years. Northern Wall across gin attending church services Scotland. during years without perse- 211-17 Caracalla. cution. Tertullian joins the 211-12 Geta. Montanists. 217-18 Macrinus. 218-22 Heliogabalus. 222-35 Alexander Severus. 246 Cyprian converted. 235-38 Maximus. 248-250 Origen’s Against Celsus. Ori- 238 Gordianus I gen calls Jews “most wicked 238 Gordianus II nation.” 238 Balbinus & Pupienis. 250 Origen writes, “Christians are 238-44 Gordianus III. the spiritual Israel.” 250-60 Novationists set up congre- 244-49 Philip the Arabian. gation in Rome. Persecution under Decius, “most violent 249-51 Decius. the church had yet faced.” 250 First Gothic invasion. 251 Cyprian, On the Unity of the 251-53 Gallus. Church. 251 Violent epidemic; at its height 251-356 Antony of Egypt, early Chris- 5,000 per day die in Rome. tian hermit. 253 Aemilianus. 254 Origen dies from effects of 253-60 Valerian. torture inflicted under Decius. 260-68 Gallienus. 255 Stephen, Bishop of Rome, 268-70 Claudius II. claims special authority 270-75 Aurelian. derived from Peter in dis- 275-76 Tacitus. pute with Cyprian. 276-82 Probus. 258 Cyprian martyred. Increas- 282-83 Carus. ing practice of veneration of 283-85 Carinus & martyrs. Numeria- 276 “Crucifixion of Mani.”Grun, 1982 nus. 286 10th and worst persecution 284-305 Diocle- begun under Diocletian. tian. 300 “Christianity introduced in 286-305 Maxim- Armenia. Bowling is consid- ian. ered part of religious ritual in German monasteries.”Ibid. 300-500 Donatist “reform party.” C - 3 Christian Centuries Time Line The Mustard Seed Story Century 4 A BC to AD Course By Timothy Ministries © 1989 -2011 Contemporary Events The Church 303 Edict of Diocletian called for surrender of church buildings 306-37 Constantine the Great. and copies of the Scriptures: 312 Constantine “converted.” last persecution of Chris- 313 Edict of Milan proclaimed tians in Rome. Distinction toleration for both Christian & between clergy and lay pagan subjects. people encouraged by use of 315 Bishops encourage believers to basilicas. Dowley, 1977, p. 151 seek the intercession of mar- 320 Arianism: Christ is wor- tyrs in times of need.Williams, 1989 shipped as less than God. 321 Constantine makes first day of 325 Council of Nicaea: Arian the week a holiday, naming it Christological Controversy “the venerable day of the Sun.” 326-27 Helena’s pilgrimage to the 330 Constantinople erected. Holy Land. Easter becomes 337 Constantine dies. week-long festival 339 Converting to Judaism be- 335 Decision of Nicaea reversed; comes criminal offense. Athanasius goes into exile. 360 Books begin to replace scrolls. 336 First mention of December 25 361-63 Julian the Apostate.Bainton, 1960 Christmas festival. 341 Ulfilas’ mission to the Goths. 366-84 Pope Damasus (ˈDăm-əh-səs) “first to refer consistently to church of Rome as the ‘Apos- tolic See’ and to address [other 363 Julian’s order to restore the bishops] as ‘sons’ rather than Jerusalem temple frustrated as ‘brothers’.”Ibid. by balls of fire. 367 Athanasius’ NT Canon.Curtis, 1991 374 First appearance of Asiatic 373 Death of Athanasius. Huns. 380 Ambrose defends bishop who 380 Decree of Theodosius estab- incited the burning of a syna- lishes Christianity as official gogue. religion of the Empire. 382-405 Jerome: Latin Vulgate. 386 “Hymn singing introduced by 385 Magnus Maximus executed Ambrose, Bishop of Milan.” Grun Priscillian for heresy. 391 Telemachus Almachius dies in 386-387 Chrysostum preaches “Homi- the arena. lies Against The Jews” in 393 Theodosius I outlaws paganism. Antioch. 395 Roman Empire divided perma- 387 Conversion of Augustine. nently. 395 Augustine sole Bishop of Hippo. 395-423 Honorius (ō-ˈnō-rē-əs), Western 398 Chrysostum (ˈkrĭs-əs-təm) Emperor. bishop of Constantinople. C - 4 The Mustard Christian Centuries Time Line Seed Story A BC to AD Course Century 5 © 1989 -2011 By Timothy Ministries Contemporary Events The Church

406 Vandals invade Gaul & cross to Africa. 409 Pelagian Controversy starts. 407 Roman armies withdraw from Britain to defend Rome. 411 St. Augustine’s City of God. Grun 410 Rome sacked by Alaric’s (al´a 420 Jerome dies in Bethlehem. rik) Goths: The Fall of Rome 430 Augustine of Hippo dies. & the beginning of the 431 Council of Ephesus (Christo- Dark Ages. “Beginnings of logical & Ecclesiastical contro- alchemy with the search for versies) condemns Nestorius. Philosopher’s Stone and 432 St. Patrick preaches in Ire- Elixir of Life as chief objects.” land. Grun 440-461 Leo the Great, Bishop of 433 Attila the Hun desolates Rome, “set out more clearly northern Asia & Europe. than any before him the 449 First Teuton tribes in- concept that the papacy vade Britain under Hengst was Peter’s own office.” (hen´gist) & Horsa: English 449 Ephesus II upholds Eutychian history begins, English lan- “absorption” ideas. guage comes to Britain. 452 Attila invades Italy, spares Rome. 455 Gaiserik (guy´ zuh rik), 453 Attila dies. sacks Rome. Pope Leo per- 470 “Flowering of Maya city civili- suades the Vandal king to zation in southern Mexico.” Grun spare church buildings. 476 Odoacer deposes Romulus Au- 484 Excommunication of Patri- gustulus; end of Western Ro- arch Acacius (a kay´shus) of man Empire, Rome no longer Constantinople leads to first capital except of church. schism between the Western 481 Clovis, King of the Franks, and Eastern Churches. Grun starts kingdom of France. 491 “The Armenian Church secedes from Byzantium and Rome.” Grun 492-496 Pope Gelasius (juh lay´shi us) 493-526 Theodoric (thee odd´ oh rik) the I sets papacy above secular Great, Ostrogoth (oss´ truh rule. Produces Missal: “book goth) King of Italy. of prayers, chants, and in- structions for the celebration 496 “Conversion” of Clovis. of Mass.” Grun 500 “Incense is introduced to Christian church service.” Grun

C - 5 Christian Centuries Time Line The Mustard Seed Story Century 6 A BC to AD Course By Timothy Ministries © 1989 -2011 Contemporary Events The Church 519 “End of the first schism” be- 510 Clovis founds Paris. tween Eastern and Western church. Grun 526 Justinian temporarily recon- 526 “Benedict of Nursia organized quers Italy. western monasticism.” Hutchinson 532 “Building of St. Sophia Basili- 529 Benedict founds monastery of ca, Constantinople, begun.” Grun Monte Cassino. 533 Justinian’s Code of Roman 540 “Cassiodorus founds the great Law issued in Constantinople. Monastery of Vivarium.” Grun 537 “Arthur, king of the Brit- 543 Justinian condemns the writ- ons, killed in the Battle of ings of Origen. Camlan; semilegendary.” Grun 550 “Wales converted to Christian- ity by St. David.” Grun “Church bells being used in 543 “Disastrous earthquakes shake France.” Grun the entire world.” Grun 551 Council of Constantinople 550 “Beginnings of chess game in (anti-Nestorian), fifth ecu- India.” Grun menical council. 563 Picts (Scotland) receive Chris- tianity through St. Columba who also teaches the already professing Scots. 568 Arian Lombards arrive in 573 Gregory appointed prefect of Italy. Rome. 570 Birth of Mohammed. 587 Visigoths in Spain being converted to Christianity. Grun 589 Visigoths abandon Arianism. Third Council of Toledo adds “Filioque” to Nicene Creed. “Lombards converted to Roman Catholicism.” Grun 590-604 Pope Gregory the Great. 596 Gregory sends St. Augustine 590 The plague in Rome. to the English whose chiefs 594 “End of the plague which began adopt Christianity. in 542 and halved the popula- 600 Pope Gregory strives for tion of Europe.” Grun peaceful conversion of the Jews, introduces picture books for illiterates to replace the Bible, and writes a manual on the duties of the clergy. Grun C - 6 The Mustard Christian Centuries Time Line Seed Story A BC to AD Course Century 7 © 1989 -2011 By Timothy Ministries Contemporary Events The Church

613-17 Persians conquer Syria, Pales- 601 “Augustine founds See of Can- tine, Egypt and most of West- terbury.” Hutchinson ern Asia. 607 Boniface III 615 “‘Burning water’ (petroleum) 610 “First record of the use of epis- used in Japan.” Grun copal rings.” Grun 622 The Hegira of Mohammed 622 Monothelite controversy. (his flight to Medina); Moham- 628 “Emperor Heraclius wins back medan calendar begins. the Cross of Christ that the 632 “Mohammed dies. Medina be- Persians carried off.” Grun comes the seat of the first Ca- 633 Churches of Jerusalem, liph, Abu Bekr, who succeeds Antioch and Alexandria his son-in-law Mohammed. lost to Mohammedans. “Buddhism becomes state reli- 636 “Southern Irish Church submits gion in Tibet.” Grun to Roman Catholicism.” Grun 634 Omar conquers Syria, thus 640 Christianity introduced into founding the Mohammedan China. empire. 653 Conversion of Constantine 639 “The Arabs attack Armenia.” Grun Silvanus. 641 “Founding of Fustat (Cairo).” 660 Lombards abandon Arianism. Grun 664 Synod of Whitby confirms Ro- 642 The whole Persian empire won manization of British Christi- by the Mohammedans in the anity. battle of Nehavend. 672-735 Bede the Venerable, together 650 “Caliph Othman puts Moham- with Caedmon (kad´mun), med’s teachings (Qur’an) into originates English literature. 114 chapters.” Grun 680 Sixth Council of Constan- 673 First siege of Constantinople tinople condemns the Mono- by the Mohammedans (who thelites. were defeated). Caliph Abd 692 “The Quinisext Council at el Malik Ben Merwan builds Constantinople, not recognized the Dome of the Rock on the by Rome, settles the Biblical Temple Mount in Jerusalem. canon of the Eastern Church.” Masoretic notation began. Grun 700 Arabs conquer Algiers—Chris- 697 Northern Irish church submits tianity in N. Africa to Roman Catholicism. almost extermi- 700 “The Psalms translated into nated. Anglo-Saxon. Easter eggs come into use among Chris- tians.” Grun

709 Mohammedans complete conquest of North Africa & attack Europe from the Gibraltar 716 Winfred (Boniface) begins his Strait. missionary travels. 711 Mohammedans conquer 718 “Winfred (Boniface) began mis- Spain at battle of Guadalete. sion to Germany.” Hutchinson 715 Charles Martel becomes lead- 725 Boniface fells the Donar oak, er of the Franks and extends thus destroying the old Ger- their power through Germany. manic heathen beliefs. Grun 717-18 2nd major attack of Moham- 726 Iconoclastic Controversy medans on Constantinople. begins. 732 Charles Martel stops the Eu- ropean advance of the Moham- 731 Venerable Bede, Ecclesiastical medans at the Battle of Tours History of the English Nation. (Poitiers). 750 “St. Vitus’ dance epidemics in Germany. Beds become popular in France and Germany.” Grun 754 Pepin invades Italy to help 751 Pepin, son of Charles Martel, Pope Stephen against the made king of the Franks and Lombards. extends their kingdom. St. Boniface murdered. 762 Baghdad made the Moham- 756 The Pope’s earthly kingdom medan capital by Sultan Al begins under Pepin’s protec- Mansur. Mohammedan schools tion. become the world’s centers of learning, especially Cordova, Spain. 768 Charlemagne, son of Pepin, becomes king of the Franks. 774-805 Charlemagne conquers Lom- 787 Seventh Council of Nicaea bardy for the Pope, and soon regulates image worship. brings Saxon and German tribes under his rule. 797 Charlemagne condemns im- 790 Golden age of Baghdad. age worship at the Synod of 800 Charlemagne crowned Frankfurt. at Rome as “Emperor of the West,” begins 800 Pope Leo III separates from the a new empire and Eastern Empire and becomes Teutonic civilization. supreme bishop of the West. C - 8 The Mustard Christian Centuries Time Line Seed Story A BC to AD Course Century 9 © 1989 -2011 By Timothy Ministries Contemporary Events The Church 801 Charlemagne founds schools. 813 “The Synod of Mainz decrees 808 Northmen begin piratic raids four days public Christmas on the new empire. celebrations.” Grun 814 Death of Charlemagne and confusion of his empire. 832 “Persecution of the image 829 Seven, small British kingdoms worshipers in the Eastern Em- form “Heptarchy” under Eg- pire.” Grun bert, King of Wessex. 840 “Paschasius Radbertus, Abbot of 843 Treaty of Verdun divides Corbey, father of the doctrine of Charlemagne’s empire into transubstantiation.” Grun three parts, separating 843 Iconoclastic Controversy ends. France, Germany & Lorraine. 843 The Feudal System develops in Europe. 858-67 “Pope Nicholas I.” Hutchinson 844 Kenneth unites Scotland un- 858-67 Photius, Patriarch of Constan- der his rule. tinople. 845 Northmen plunder Hamburg 860 “The False Decretals forged to and Paris. defend the rights of diocesan 846 Mohammedans, now called bishops against their metropoli- Saracens, besiege Rome with tans and to claim early author- their navy. ity for papal supremacy.” Grun 860 Danish kingdom united by 862 Rostislav, ruler of Moravia, Gorm. asks the Byzantine Emperor 861 “Iceland discovered by North- to send missionaries to his men.” Grun country. Grun 863 Cyril and Methodius, the “Apostles of the Slavs,” start their work in Moravia and in- vent the Cyrillic alphabet. Grun 872 Norway united as a kingdom 864 Prince Boris I of Bulgaria ac- Grun under Harold Haarfagr (hôr´fä cepts Christianity. ger = fair-haired). 869 8th Council of Constantinople. 878-86 Photius “greatest scholar of 890 King Alfred reorganizes Eng- his age.” land and begins her navy. 879 The pope and the patriarch of Constantinople excommuni- cate each other. 880 Benedictines found monastery, Monserrat, in Catalonia.

911 France makes peace with the 904 “With Pope Sergius III begins Norse raiders by giving them the era of pornocracy, the Normandy. The Huns invade darkest period in the history Europe, almost destroying of the papacy; his mistress Germany. Marozia becomes the mother 933 Emperor Henry of Germany of Pope John XI.” Grun crushes the Huns at Merse- 909 Abbey of Cluny founded. burg. 917 “Bulgarian Church separates 935 “Harold Bluetooth, first Chris- from Rome and Constantino- tian king of Denmark.” Grun ple.” Grun 950 Printing from moveable blocks 921 “The Bohemians embrace used in China. Christianity.” Grun 950 The cloth manufacturers of 927 Odo, Abbot of Cluny estab- Flanders earn wealth & fame. lishes code of discipline for 955 The Huns driven back from Benedictines. Germany, establish them- 942 “Christianization of Hungary selves in Hungary. begins.” Grun 962 Otto the Great reestablishes the empire as a German one. 965 “St. Dunstan enforces celibacy 983 Greenland discovered and for English clerics.” Grun settled by Norsemen. 966 “The Poles under Mieczyslav I 987 Hugh Capet reunites France converted to Christianity.” Grun and founds its long line of kings-by-inheritance. 988 Vladmir of Kiev marries Anne, sister of the Emperor Basil II, converts and introduces the Eastern (Greek) Christianity into his dominion. Grun 997 Venice becomes inde- 990 “Poland submits to the Holy pendent of Eastern See.” Grun Empire and begins 993 “First canonization of saints.” mighty career of naval Grun conquest in Eastern 1000 Widespread belief that the Mediterranean. world would end caused 1000 Leif (layv) Ericson much misery, lack of crops, discovers America. and social changes. Chinese perfect “Christianity reaches Iceland

their invention of and Greenland.” Grun Hungary gunpowder. Christianized.

1016 Norsemen, now Normans, be- 1011 “‘Handkerchief of St. Veronica’ gin conquest of Sicily. kept in special altar in Rome.” Grun 1021 Genoa and Pisa drive Sara- 1012 German heretics first perse- cens out of Corsica and Sar- cuted. Grun dinia, and become sea-lords of 1022 Synod of Pavia demands celi- the western Mediterranean. bacy of higher clergy. Grun “St. Vitus’ dance (chorea) epidemics in Europe.” Grun 1024 Mohammedans invade India. 1041 Feudal barons accept the 1050 “Time value given to musical “truce of God.” notes.” Grun 1045 German Emperor & Pope Leo 1055 First victories of Seljuk Turks IX check papal scandals. who gradually won mastery of 1054 The Great East-West the Mohammedan world. Schism: Greek Catholic 1066 Battle of Hastings: Wm. of Church rejects Rome’s su- Normandy conquers England. premacy. 1059 Formal adoption of papal se- 1074 Seljuk Turks capture lection by vote of Cardinals. Syria and Jerusa- 1062 “Berengar of Tours opposes lem. transubstantiation.” Grun 1084 The Emperor storms Rome and expels Pope Gregory; the Normans plunder 1074 Christian pilgrims barred Rome. from Jerusalem. 1094 El Cid, Rodrigo Diaz, takes “Excommunication of married Valencia from the Moors. priests.” Grun “First record of gondolas in 1077 German Emperor Henry IV Venice.” Grun goes barefoot to Pope Gregory 1099 Crusaders under Godfrey at Canossa; “The Pope masters of Bouillon (boo yôn´) cap- the Emperor.” ture Jerusalem, set up kingdom in Jerusalem. 1093 Anselm, Archbishop of Canter- 1100 Baldwin of Boulogne (bôld´win bury. of boo-lon´) King of Jerusa- 1095 Peter the Hermit preaches lem. Crusaders depart from crusade to reopen Jerusalem Lombardy, Nevers, Bavaria & to Christians. Council of Aquitaine. The changed Latin Clermont: Urban II autho- of Paris becomes the language rizes 1st Crusade. of France; that of Castile be- 1098 “Cistercian Reform.” Hutchinson comes Spanish. Gothic archi- tecture appears. C - 11 Christian Centuries Time Line The Mustard Seed Story Century 12 A BC to AD Course By Timothy Ministries © 1989 -2011 Contemporary Events The Church 1101 Fatimid counter-crusade. 1102 Defeat of Baldwin I at Ram- 1108 Accession in France of Louis leh; massacre of Franks. VI (Le Gros). He subdues rob- 1104 Baldwin I conquers Acre; ber barons around Paris by 24 defeat of Franks at battle of years of continuous warfare. Harran. 1110 Counter-crusade by Mawdud, 1109 Franks capture Tripoli. Atabeg of Mosul; massacres in 1115 Matilda, Princess of Tuscany, Armenia. willed her domains to Rome. 1119 Peter Abelard taught his St. Bernard founds Abbey school of philosophy in Paris. of Clairvaux. Norman crusaders massacred. 1118 Baldwin I dies. Order of the 1122 Concordat of Worms; end of Temple founded. war of investitures. 1123 Venetian Crusade. Lateran I 1124 Franks & Venetians take Tyre suppresses simony & marriage from Mohammedans. Vene- of priests. tians win trade of the East. 1130 Anacletus (an a clay´ tus) II, 1144 Turks destroy the Crusaders’ antipope. states in Palestine. 1138 “Pretended Messiah appears in 1149 Normans besiege Constan- France and Persia.” Grun tinople. 1143 Rome rebels against the Pope, 1150 University of Paris founded, death of Innocent II. Oxford soon after. 1170 Assassination of Thomas 1162 Barbarossa destroys Milan. Becket in England. Pope de- fines rules for canonization of 1173 “First authenticated influenza saints. epidemics.” Grun 1173 “Peter Waldo began Waldensian movement.” Curtis 1180 Maimonides (my mon´ i deez), 1182-1226 St. Francis of Assisi. greatest of Jewish physicians, 1184 Waldenses excommunicated. serves Saladin. 1187 Frankish army annihilated 1188 Genghis Khan (jeng´gis kän) by Saladin at Horns of unifies Mongolia. Hattin; Saladin takes Pal- 1192 Richard Coeur-de-Lion taken estine. prisoner in Germany. 1198 Roman church under Inno- 1193 Saladin dies. cent III reaches its greatest power over the kingdoms 1200 U. of Cambridge founded. of Europe. Jewish cabalistic philosophy 1199 Preaching of a new Crusade to develops in southern Europe. reconquer Jerusalem. C - 12 The Mustard Christian Centuries Time Line Seed Story A BC to AD Course Century 13 © 1989 -2011 By Timothy Ministries Contemporary Events The Church

1202-05 War between England and 1202 Joachim of Flora dies. France: English kings lose 1203 4th Crusade; Crusaders decide their Norman lands and so to attack Constantinople. cease to be vassals of France. 1204 Crusaders win Constan- 1212 Spaniards win victory over the tinople. Moors in Spain. 1206 Francis of Assisi Re- 1215 Genghis Khan conquers north- nounces Wealth. ern China, makes Peking 1208 A crusade begun against the his capital. Magna Charta Albigenses (al bi jen´seize). signed in England. 1209 Franciscan Order founded. 1224 Mongols invade and gradually 1212 The Children’s Crusade. conquer Russia. 1215 Fourth Lateran Council. 1229 Frederick II gains Jerusalem 1220 Dominican Order founded. by treaty with Sultan. 1227-1274 Thomas Aquinas (a kwhy ´nas). 1230 “Leprosy imported to Europe 1229 Rome under Gregory IX for- by the Crusaders.” Grun bids laity to read the Bible. 1231 Teutonic Order of Knights began 1231 Founding of the Inqui- conquest of heathen Prussia. sition. 1236 Spaniards capture Cordoba. 1233 “The ‘Great Hallelujah’ peni- tential movement in N. Italy. The pope entrusts the Domini- 1258 “Mongols take Baghdad and cans with the Inquisition.” Grun overthrow caliphate.” Grun 1238 Inquisition of Aragon founded. 1261 Eastern Emperor, Michael 1244 Turks capture Jerusalem. Paleologus, expels Crusader 1252 “The Inquisition begins to use kings from Constantinople instruments of torture.” Grun and reestablishes his empire. 1254 Paris School of Theology (Sor- 1265 England’s first regular par- bonne) founded. Grun liament. 1256 Order of Augustine Hermits 1277 Marco Polo visits China. Church founded. imprisons Roger Bacon, Eng- 1259 First appearance of the Flagel- land’s first great scientist. lants in Perugia. 1278 “278 Jews hanged in London for 1256 Second Children’s Crusade. clipping coin; Christians guilty 1260 Apocalyptic year of Joachim of of same offense, fined.” Grun Flora. 1284 “The ‘Pied Piper of Hamelin.’” Grun 1265-1321 Dante. 1288 Turks conquer Asia Minor. 1270 The Last Crusade abandoned after death of leader, Louis IX. 1291 End of Frankish states in the 1273 Thomas Aquinas finishes East: Fall of Acre, Tyre, Sidon Summa Theologica. & Beirut. C - 13 Christian Centuries Time Line The Mustard Seed Story Century 14 A BC to AD Course By Timothy Ministries © 1989 -2011 Contemporary Events The Church 1302 The compass introduced into 1302 “Papal bull Unam sanctam pro- Europe by way of Naples. nounces highest papal claim to 1305 William Wallace defeated; supremacy.” Grun Scotland yielded to Edward I of England. 1307 Osmanli Turks defeat the Seljuks and plan European 1309 The Pope removed from Rome conquests. to Avignon in France. 1310 The Crusader “Knights of St. 1310 The Crusader “Knights of St. John” set up a state on the Isle John” set up a state on the Isle of Rhodes. of Rhodes. 1314 Scotland regains independence. 1321 Dante Alighieri completes 1316 France establishes “Salic Law” Divine Comedy; dies. barring women from the throne. 1322 “The pope forbids the use of 1330 Greek Emperor loses Asiatic counterpoint in church music.” possessions to Osmanli Turks. Grun 1332 “Bubonic plague originates in India.” Grun 1335 Florence becomes the center of the Renaissance. 1338 England begins 100 year war with France. 1341 Art and literature flourish 1341 A copy of the Bible cost the throughout Italy. equivalent of about $2,000. 1346 Black Death spreads over Europe. Gunpowder begins to revolutionize warfare. 1349 Black Death kills a third of 1349 Greatest outbreak of flagel- population of Europe; Jews lation. blamed. “Persecution of the Jews in Germany.” Grun 1377 Return of the Popes from Avi- 1361 “Black Death reappears in gnon to Rome. England.” Grun 1377-1417 The Great Schism: two Hutchinson 1368 China drives out the Mongols popes at once. and founds Ming dynasty. 1378 Catherine of Siena goes to Rome Curtis 1373 Eastern Emperor consents to to heal Great Schism. become vassal of the Turks. 1380 Birth of Thomas a Kempis. 1374 “Dancing Mania” takes Europe. 1382 Wycliffe (wik´lif) translates 1381 English Peasant’s Revolt. the Bible into English. 1400 Early Renaissance. Swindlers 1390 “Wycliffe’s writings reach Bohe- Grun take over alchemy. Grun mia.” C - 14 The Mustard Christian Centuries Time Line Seed Story A BC to AD Course Century 15 © 1989 -2011 By Timothy Ministries Contemporary Events The Church 1401 The earliest modern bank established in Barcelona. 1410 Teutonic Knights, crusading 1417 First known Gypsies wandering against northeastern pagans, Europe, probably having fled In- defeated by the Poles at Tan- dia during Tartar conquest. nenberg. 1425 The Van Eycks of the Nether- 1414 Council of Constance. lands begin painting with oils. 1415 Council of Constance 1431 Joan of Arc joins army at burns John Huss of Bohemia Blois, executed by the English. and denounces his followers as 1440 Moveable type invented by heretics. Koster, Gutenburg, and others. 1419 Terrible Hussite Wars begin in 1453 Turkish Sultan captures Bohemia. Constantinople and ends the 1438 The Emperor of the East sub- Eastern Roman Empire. mits to the Roman Church to 1456 Turks capture Athens. get help against the Turks. 1465 “First printed music.” Grun 1453 Turks convert St. Sophia Ba- 1469 Spanish kingdoms unite under silica, Constantinople, into a Ferdinand and Isabella. mosque. 1480 “Leonardo da Vinci invents 1456 Gutenberg produces first parachute.” Grun printed Bible. 1492 Columbus sails into history. 1479 The “Holy Inquisition” estab- 1495 “Syphilis epidemic spreads lished by Ferdinand & Isabella from beleaguered Naples all at Seville in Spain, against over Europe through French heresy among Maranos, sup- soldiers.” Grun posedly converted Jews. 1496 Michelangelo begins his great 1492 “By order of...Torquemada, paintings in Rome. Romano Spanish Jews are given three Pane, a monk who accom- months to accept Christianity panied Columbus, first Euro- or leave the country.” Grun pean to describe the tobacco plant. 1497 Voyages of Cabot give England a claim on America. Portuguese 1498 Savonarola executed by burn- 91 trading ships under Vasco da ing at Florence. Gama reach India. Amerigo Vespucci’s voyages. 1500 Cabral discovers Brazil for Por- tugal.

C - 15 Christian Centuries Time Line The Mustard Seed Story Century 16 A BC to AD Course By Timothy Ministries © 1989 -2011 Contemporary Events The Church 1508 Raphael began his great 1501 “Burning of books against the paintings at Rome. authority of the Church or- 1509 “Earthquake destroys Con- dered by papal bull.” Grun stantinople.” Europeans begin 1514 “The House of Fugger (foogér) their slave trade. Grun secures right to sell papal in- 1513 Balboa discovers the Pacific. dulgences in Germany.” Grun 1514 Turks crush Persians at Chal- 1516 Erasmus; 1st printed Gk. NT. diran, establish permanent rule 1517 Luther sparks the Protestant over the Muslim world. Reformation by announcing 1519 Leonardo da Vinci dies. his 95 theses against Rome. 1519-22 Magellan’s ships make first 1519 Zwingli begins Swiss reform. circumnavigation of the world. 1520 Anabaptist movement begins 1520 “Chocolate brought from in Germany under Münzer. Mexico to Spain.” Grun 1521 English King Henry VIII 1521 Cortes conquers Mexico. writes a religious work 1523 “First marine-insurance poli- against Luther. Diet of Worms cies issued in Florence.” Grun imprisons Luther. 1528 “Severe outbreaks of the plague 1524 Anabaptist uprising & the in England.” Grun “Peasants War” in Germany. 1530 Copernicus (ko pûrńi kus) 1525 Tyndale’s English NT. first published his proofs that 1534 Henry VIII breaks from Earth is a planet of the Sun. Rome; heads Church of Eng- 1531 “The ‘great comet’ (later Hal- land. Munster “theocracy.” ley’s (haléase)) arouses a 1536-59 Calvin publishes Institutes. wave of superstition.” Grun 1540 Loyola founds Jesuit order. 1533 Pizarro conquers Peru. “Henry 1542 The Inquisition revived. VIII secretly marries Anne 1545-63 Council of Trent. Boleyn.” Grun 1546 Luther dies. 1547 John Knox begins preaching 1557 European influenza epidemic. reformed doctrine in Scotland. Grun 1553 “Servetus burned at Geneva.” 1563 “General outbreak of plague Hutchinson in Europe kills over 20,000 1555 Foxe’s Book of Martyrs. people in London.” Grun 1562 “Massacre of Vassy; first War of Religion begins.” Grun 1583 “First known life insurance in 1564 Tridentine Index published. England.” Grun 1572 “St. Bartholomew’s Day Massa- 1589 “Forks used for first time at cre in France.” Hutchinson John Knox French court.” Grun dies. 1596 “First water closets, designed 1574 “First auto-da-fé in Mexico.” Grun by Sir John Harington.” Grun 1600 Sweden persecutes Catholics. Grun C - 16 The Mustard Christian Centuries Time Line Seed Story A BC to AD Course Century 17 © 1989 -2011 By Timothy Ministries Contemporary Events The Church

1601 Shakespeare’s Hamlet opens. 1608 John Smyth baptizes first 1603-25 King James I in England. Baptists. 1605 Cervantes first issued his Don 1611 The King James Bible. Quixote in Spain. 1620 Pilgrims settle Plymouth. 1607 1st permanent English colony 1629-40 “Great Puritan migration.” planted at Jamestown, VA. Hutchinson 1609 “Tea from China shipped for 1633 Inquisition punishes Galileo. first time to Europe by Dutch 1634 Catholics settle Maryland. East India Company.” Grun 1636 Harvard founded. “Welsh Puri- 1610 The telescope invented in Hol- tan, Roger Williams, banished land, used by Galileo in Italy. from Massachusetts; establishes 1619 Negro slaves first imported Providence, RI; proclaims com- into Virginia. plete religious freedom.” Grun 1622 First newspaper, a weekly, estab- 1640-60 Puritans dominate England. lished in England. Rembrandt’s 1642 The Puritan Revolution breaks Return of the Prodigal Son. into open war in England. 1630 Boston founded by Puritans. 1643-49 “Westminster Assembly.”91 1632 Rembrandt’s 1st great paint- 1648 Quakers begin preaching in ing. England. “Calvinists acknowl- 1643 “Coffee drinking becomes edged by Lutherans as coreli- popular in Paris.” Grun gionists. Sabbatai Zevi, self- 1164 Dutch surrender New York. proclaimed Messiah, founds a 1665 The Great Plague of London Jewish sect.” Grun kills 68,596. Grun 1650 Ussher dates creation: 4004 BC. 1668 Isaac Newton begins discov- 1653 “James Naylor, English Quak- eries and inventions in Eng- er, recognized by some as the land. new Messiah.” Grun 1670 “First minute hands on watch- 1660 Restoration of Stuarts and es.” Grun Episcopacy. 1676 “Legal protection of Sabbath 1665 “Five-Mile Act puts restrictions observance in England.” Grun on Nonconformist ministers.” Grun 1677 “Ice cream becomes popu- 1671 “First Bible edition in Arabic, lar dessert in Paris.” Grun printed in Rome.” Grun 1682 Philadelphia founded by Penn. 1675 Spener plants seeds of Pietism. 1689 Wars begin between British 1678 Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress. colonists and the French and 1682 “58,000 French Huguenots Indians of Canada. forced to convert.” Grun 1692 Salem witchcraft madness. 1689 “Act of Toleration.” Hutchinson 1698 “Tax on beards in Russia.” Grun 1691 “Christian Faith Society for 1700 “The commode becomes a popu- West Indies founded.” Grun lar piece of furniture.” Grun 1700-60 Count von Zinzendorf. C - 17 Christian Centuries Time Line The Mustard Seed Story Century 18 A BC to AD Course By Timothy Ministries © 1989 -2011 Contemporary Events The Church 1711-76 David Hume. 1703-58 Jonathan Edwards. 1721 Peter the Great proclaimed 1703-91 John Wesley. Czar of all the Russians. “J. S. 1707 Isaac Watts: “Hymns and Bach: ‘The Brandenburg Con- Spiritual Songs.” certos.’” Grun 1708-88 Charles Wesley. 1726 Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels pub- 1714-70 George Whitefield. lished in England. 1719 “Jesuits expelled from Russia.” 1733 Georgia, last of the thirteen Grun British colonies, settled at 1724-1804 Immanuel Kant. Savannah. 1725 Bach composed the first mas- 1734 Trial of Zenger in New York; terworks of modern music. legal struggle for Freedom of 1725 The Moravians form. the Press. 1732 “The Moravian Brethren 1752 Franklin begins his discov- start missionary work.” Grun eries in electricity. 1736-40 “Great Awakening” in 1755 French and Indians defeat America. Braddock in Virginia. 1738 Wesley begins Methodism. 1759 Wolfe conquers Canada for 1741 Edwards: “Sinners in the Britain. Hands of an Angry God.” 1765 Stamp Act of Britain; Patrick 1753 George Berkeley dies. Henry’s famous speech. 1761-1834 William Carey. 1768 Cook’s voyages of discovery 1780 Raikes invents Sunday School. begin, extending Britain’s 1783 “Charles Simeon begins evan- dominion over the Pacific Is- gelical movement at Cam- lands. bridge.” Grun 1769 Watt’s steam engine patented. 1786 “Virginia Act for establishing 1773 The “Boston Tea Party.” religious freedom.” Hutchinson 1774 First Continental Congress. “Mennonites from Central Eu- 1776 Declaration of Independence. rope settle in Canada.” Grun 1778 Voltaire dies. 1791 First Amendment: separation of 1787 U.S. Constitutional Convention. church and state in U. S. 1789 Storming of Bastille marks new 1792 Baptist Missionary Society impetus of French Revolution. founded. 1793 French “Reign of Terror.” Whit- 1793 Carey sails to India. ney invents cotton gin. 1795 London Missionary Society 1795 Napoleon ends the French founded. Revolution by using cannon against a mob. 1799 Church Missionary Society 1800 Ireland united to Great Britain. founded. Washington D. C. becomes U.S. 1800 “Church of United Brethren in capital. Christ founded in the U. S.” Grun C - 18 The Mustard Christian Centuries Time Line Seed Story A BC to AD Course Century 19 © 1989 -2011 By Timothy Ministries Contemporary Events The Church 1803 U.S. purchased Louisiana from 1804 “British and Foreign Bible So- Napoleon. ciety founded in London.” Grun 1804 Lewis and Clark. 1805-98 George Müller. 1807 Slave trade abolished through- 1807 “U.S. Evangelical Association out British Empire. founded...” Grun 1812 U.S. declares war on Britain. 1812 Judsons sail for India. 1819 Spain sells Florida to U.S. 1816 A. B. S. founded. 1821 “Champollion deciphers Egyp- 1813 Methodist Missionary Society tian hieroglyphics using Ro- founded. setta Stone.” Grun 1813-55 Søren Kierkegaard. 1825 Fierce anti-Masonic uproar in 1814 “Pope Pius VII…restores the New York. Inquisition.” Grun 1833 Slavery abolished in the Brit- ish Empire. 1827 John Darby begins Plymouth 1836 The Alamo. Brethren. 1839 Daguerre makes photography 1830 Mormonism begins. Finney’s practical; civilization flooded urban revivals start. with photographs. 1832-1905 James Hudson Taylor. 1844 Morse: 1st electric telegraph. 1833 Oxford Movement begins. 1845 Texas admitted to U.S. 1834 Inquisition abolished in Spain. 1847 Marx: Communist Manifesto. 1837-99 D. L. Moody. 1848 Mexico cedes California to U.S. 1844-1918 Julius Wellhausen. Gold discovered in California. 1847 Mormons settle in Utah. 1856-1939 Sigmund Freud 1848 “Spiritualism popular in U.S.” Grun 1859 Darwin: Origin of the Species. 1859-1952 John Dewey. 1854 Pope proclaims the “dogma” of 1861 Fort Sumpter. the “Immaculate Conception.” 1865 Lincoln assassinated; slavery 1858 Mary reputed to have ap- abolished in U.S. peared at Lourdes, France. 1867 Alaska purchased from Rus- Philip Schaff: History of the sia. Christian Church. 1867 Karl Marx: Der Kapital. 1860 “Massacre of the Druses”: 3,000 Christians slain in Damascus. 1876 Bell makes phone practical. 1865 China Inland Mission found- 1877 Edison invents Phonograph. ed. Salvation Army founded. 1897 Hawaii annexed to U.S. 1866 Christian Science started un- 1898 The Curies discover radium. der Mary B. Eddy. 1900 Boxer Rebellion in China 1869-70 Vatican I, Papal infallibil- against Europeans. ity promulgated. 1871 Jehovah’s Witnesses founded.

C - 19 Christian Centuries Time Line The Mustard Seed Story Century 20 A BC to AD Course By Timothy Ministries © 1989 -2011 Contemporary Events The Church 1905 Einstein: Special Theory of 1901 American Standard Version Relativity. Bible. Tolstoi excommunicated 1914 World War I begins. by Russian Church. 1916 “Pancho” Villa raids Colum- 1902 Religious struggle of Catholic bus, NM. schools against the French 1917 October Revolution, Russia. radical government. 1921 Ku Klux Klan violence 1906 Azuza Street revival launches throughout southern U.S. Pentecostalism. 1925 Baird transmits recognizable 1908 Federal Council of Churches of human features by television. Christ in America. 1929 U.S. Stock Exchange collapse. 1910 Modern Ecumenical Move- 1940 World War II in Europe. ment begins in Edinburgh. 1941 Japanese bomb Pearl Harbor. 1944 Aimee Semple McPherson dies. 1945 U.S. drops atomic bombs on 1948 World Council of Churches, Hiroshima and Nagasaki. R. Amsterdam. Graziano, Boxer of the Year. 1950 “Pope Pius XI proclaims the 1948 United Nations’ Universal De- dogma of the bodily assump- laration of Human Rights made tion of the Virgin Mary.” Grun freedom from slavery an inter- National Council of the nationally recognized human Churches of Christ. right. 1952 The Revised Standard Version. Birth of modern Israel. 1960 Charismatic Renewal begins. 1950 North Korean forces invade Women admitted to ministry South Korea, capture Seoul. of Swedish Lutheran Church. 1963 Kennedy assassinated. 1971 “‘Jesus Movement’ becomes a 1964 The Beatles: “I Want to Hold much publicized element of Your Hand.” religion in America.”Grun, 1982 1965 Race riots in Watts dis- 1974 “Four U.S. Episcopal bish- trict of Los Angeles. ops defy church law and or- 1967 Six-Day War: Israelis win dain 11 women as priests.”Ibid. Old City of Jerusalem. 1976 “The Episcopal Church 1969 Neil Armstrong on the approves the ordination of moon. women to be priests and bish- 1973 Vietnam cease-fire signed. ops. U. S. Lutherans split over 1974 Richard Nixon resigns. interpretation of Bible and 1976 Israeli rescue of hostages at synod administration.”Ibid. Entebbe Airport, Uganda. 1978 Karol Wojtyla elected as pope 1978 Begin and Sadat sign frame- John Paul II: first non-Italian work for Mideast peace. to be elected pope in 456 years 1991 Collapse of U.S.S.R. and first Pole.

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