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Scale Insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) Associated with Avocado Crop, Persea Americana Mill University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Insecta Mundi Florida 2016 Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia Takumasa Kondo Corporacin Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (CORPOICA), [email protected] Jazmín Adriana Muñoz Universidad del Valle, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi Part of the Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons, and the Entomology Commons Kondo, Takumasa and Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana, "Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia" (2016). Insecta Mundi. 973. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi/973 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Florida at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Insecta Mundi by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. INSECTA MUNDI A Journal of World Insect Systematics 0465 Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia Takumasa Kondo Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (CORPOICA) Centro de Investigación Palmira Calle 23, Carrera 37, Continuo al Penal Palmira, Valle, Colombia Jazmín Adriana Muñoz Universidad del Valle Departamento de Biología Cali, Colombia Date of Issue: January 22, 2016 CENTER FOR SYSTEMATIC ENTOMOLOGY, INC., Gainesville, FL Takumasa Kondo and Jazmín Adriana Muñoz Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia Insecta Mundi 0465: 1–24 ZooBank Registered: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:D87176BB-292D-4A7C-B106-EEC015A66561 Published in 2016 by Center for Systematic Entomology, Inc. P. O. Box 141874 Gainesville, FL 32614-1874 USA http://centerforsystematicentomology.org/ Insecta Mundi is a journal primarily devoted to insect systematics, but articles can be published on any non-marine arthropod. Topics considered for publication include systematics, taxonomy, nomenclature, checklists, faunal works, and natural history. Insecta Mundi will not consider works in the applied sciences (i.e. medical entomology, pest control research, etc.), and no longer publishes book reviews or editorials. Insecta Mundi publishes original research or discoveries in an inexpensive and timely manner, distributing them free via open access on the internet on the date of publication. Insecta Mundi is referenced or abstracted by several sources including the Zoological Record, CAB Ab- stracts, etc. Insecta Mundi is published irregularly throughout the year, with completed manuscripts assigned an individual number. Manuscripts must be peer reviewed prior to submission, after which they are reviewed by the editorial board to ensure quality. One author of each submitted manuscript must be a current member of the Center for Systematic Entomology. Chief Editor: Paul E. Skelley, e-mail: [email protected] Assistant Editor: David Plotkin, e-mail: [email protected] Head Layout Editor: Eugenio H. Nearns Editorial Board: J. H. Frank, M. J. Paulsen, Michael C. Thomas Review Editors: Listed on the Insecta Mundi webpage Manuscript Preparation Guidelines and Submission Requirements available on the Insecta Mundi web- page at: http://centerforsystematicentomology.org/insectamundi/ Printed copies (ISSN 0749-6737) annually deposited in libraries: CSIRO, Canberra, ACT, Australia Museu de Zoologia, São Paulo, Brazil Agriculture and Agrifood Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada The Natural History Museum, London, UK Muzeum i Instytut Zoologii PAN, Warsaw, Poland National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA, USA Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Gainesville, FL, USA Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russia Electronic copies (Online ISSN 1942-1354, CDROM ISSN 1942-1362) in PDF format: Printed CD or DVD mailed to all members at end of year. Archived digitally by Portico. Florida Virtual Campus: http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/insectamundi University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Digital Commons: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi/ Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hebis:30:3-135240 Copyright held by the author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Com- mons, Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Layout Editor for this article: Eugenio H. Nearns 0465: 1–24 2016 Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia Takumasa Kondo Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (CORPOICA) Centro de Investigación Palmira Calle 23, Carrera 37, Continuo al Penal Palmira, Valle, Colombia Jazmín Adriana Muñoz Universidad del Valle Departamento de Biología Cali, Colombia [email protected] Abstract. Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) of avocado, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) were collected in the State of Valle del Cauca, Colombia. The study was conducted for one year, during October 2008–October 2009. As a result of this study, 34 scale insect species in seven families (Coccidae, Diaspididae, Kerriidae, Margarodidae, Monophlebidae, Pseudococcidae and Putoidae) were collected. Together with previous records, the number of scale insects collected on avocado in Colombia increased to 44 species and to 137 species worldwide. Species commonly collected on avocado in Colombia include Hemiberlesia cyanophylli (Signoret), Pseudoparlatoria parlatorioides (Comstock) (Diaspididae), Ceroplastes rubens Maskell, Coccus hesperidum L., Protopulvinaria pyriformis (Cock- erell), Pulvinaria psidii Maskell, Saissetia neglecta De Lotto (Coccidae) and Ferrisia williamsi Kaydan and Gullan (Pseudococcidae). Twenty-two scale insect species are new records on avocado for Colombia of which nine species are new records worldwide, namely, Lindingaspis rossi (Maskell), Pseudischnaspis bowreyi (Cockerell) (Diaspididae), Pulvinaria psidii Maskell, Saissetia neglecta De Lotto (Coccidae), Ferrisia kondoi Kaydan and Gullan, Pseudo- coccus jackbeardsleyi Gimpel and Miller, Ps. landoi (Balachowsky) (Pseudococcidae), Eurhizococcus colombianus Jakubski (Margarodidae) and Austrotachardiella colombiana Kondo and Gullan (Kerriidae). Key words. Coccidae, Diaspididae, Kerriidae, Margarodidae, Monophlebidae, Pseudococcidae, Putoidae. Resumen. Se realizó un muestreo de insectos escama (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) del aguacate en el Departamento del Valle del Cauca, Colombia, entre el periodo octubre 2008–octubre 2009. En total se colectaron 34 especies de insectos escama distribuidos en siete familias (i.e., Coccidae, Diaspididae, Kerriidae, Margarodidae, Monophlebi- dae, Pseudococcidae y Putoidae). Los resultados de este estudio, junto con registros bibliográfi cos, el número de insectos escama colectados sobre el aguacate en Colombia, elevan a 44 especies de estos insectos en el país y a 137 a nivel mundial. Las especies comunmente colectadas sobre el aguacate en el Valle del Cauca, Colombia, incluyen: Hemiberlesia cyanophylli (Signoret), Pseudoparlatoria parlatorioides (Comstock) (Diaspididae), Ceroplastes ru- bens Maskell, Coccus hesperidum L., Protopulvinaria pyriformis (Cockerell), Pulvinaria psidii Maskell, Saissetia neglecta De Lotto (Coccidae) y Ferrisia williamsi Kaydan y Gullan (Pseudococcidae). Como nuevos registros de insectos escama del aguacate se listan 22 especies para Colombia y nueve especies a nivel mundial, i.e., Lindin- gaspis rossi (Maskell), Pseudischnaspis bowreyi (Cockerell) (Diaspididae), Pulvinaria psidii Maskell, Saissetia neglecta De Lotto (Coccidae), Ferrisia kondoi Kaydan y Gullan, Pseudococcus jackbeardsleyi Gimpel y Miller, Ps. landoi (Balachowsky) (Pseudococcidae), Eurhizococcus colombianus Jakubski (Margarodidae) y Austrotachardiella colombiana Kondo y Gullan (Kerriidae). Palabras clave. Coccidae, Diaspididae, Kerriidae, Margarodidae, Monophlebidae, Pseudococcidae, Putoidae. Introduction Scale insects are sap-sucking hemipterous insects that include all members of the superfamily Coc- coidea (Hemiptera) (Kondo et al. 2008a). They occur in all zoogeographical regions of the world. Scale insects are closely related to aphids (Aphidoidea), whitefl ies (Aleyrodoidea) and psyllids (Psylloidea), and together constitute the suborder Sternorrhyncha (Gullan and Martin 2003). These insects are usually less than 5 mm in length and their taxonomy is based primarily on the morphological charac- 2 • INSECTA MUNDI 0465, January 2016 KONDO AND MUÑOZ teristics of the cuticle of the adult female. The adult female is paedomorphic, maturing sexually in a juvenile form, while the adult male (when present), after passing through a prepupal and
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