The Genus Metaphycus Mercet (Hym.: Encyrtidae) of the Iranian Fauna with Description of a New Species
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Differences in the Sugar Composition of the Honeydew of Polyphagous
NOTE Eur. J. Entomol. 108: 705–709, 2011 http://www.eje.cz/scripts/viewabstract.php?abstract=1671 ISSN 1210-5759 (print), 1802-8829 (online) Differences in the sugar composition of the honeydew of polyphagous brown soft scale Coccus hesperidum (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea) feeding on various host plants KATARZYNA GOLAN 1 and AGNIESZKA NAJDA2 1Department of Entomology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, LeszczyĔskiego 7, 20-069 Lublin, Poland; e-mail: [email protected] 2 Department of Vegetable and Medicinal Plants, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, LeszczyĔskiego 58, 20-068 Lublin, Poland Key words. Coccoidea, Coccus hesperidum, brown scale insects, honeydew, host plants, soft scale, sugar composition Abstract. Plant chemical composition is an important determinant of host plant-insect interactions. For many insects sugars are the main factors determining the acceptability of a plant. This study investigated changes in plant chemical composition and differences in sugar composition of different host plants induced by the feeding of Coccus hesperidum L. (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoi- dea). Present in plant extracts and honeydew there were three monosaccharide sugars: glucose, fructose and arabinose, and one disaccharide – sucrose. Arabinose was only found in extracts of Ficus benjamina plants. The sugar content of the honeydew was greater than in the extracts of control plants and lower than that in the extracts of infested plants. The honeydew collected from C. hesperidum feeding on the three plant species differed significantly in sugar content. Extracts of coccid infested plants of the three species used in this study contained more sugar than the un-infested control plants. The results show that honeydew composition of scale insects differ and the differences reflect the chemical composition of the host plants. -
Saissetia Oleae (Bernard) 65-70% R.H
ENTOMOLOGIA HELLENICA Vol. 3, 1985 Duration of life-cycle of three parasitic hymenoptera on Saissetia oleαe (Bernard) growing on two different host plants. Macropodi M.V. The Olive Institute, Corfu https://doi.org/10.12681/eh.13923 Copyright © 2017 M.V. Macropodi To cite this article: Macropodi, M.V. (1985). Duration of life-cycle of three parasitic hymenoptera on Saissetia oleαe (Bernard) growing on two different host plants.. ENTOMOLOGIA HELLENICA, 3, 63-64. doi:https://doi.org/10.12681/eh.13923 http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 30/09/2021 15:36:41 | SHORT COMMUNICATION ENTOMOLOGIA HELLENICA 3 (1985): 63 - 64 the parasite was finally established. The above parasites can be successfully reared on 5. oleae developed both on potato sprouts and Nerium Duration of Life-Cycle of oleander (DeBach 1964, Blumberg and Swirski Three Parasitic Hymenoptera 1977, Viggiani 1978). The study was carried out at 23±1°C, on Saissetia oleae (Bernard) 65-70% R.H. and 12 hours of artificial light per Growing on Two Different day. For each species, 3 potato sprouts and Host Plants' three plants of Nerium oleander in pots infested with S.oleae were placed in each 60x30x40 cm cage. The host insects were oviposited in M.V. MACROPODI by adult parasites introduced into the cages and left there for two days. The number of emerg ing adult parasites in each cage was recorded The Olive Institute of Corfu daily (a total number of adults emerged per 49100 Corfu, Greece cage varied from 23 to 195) and the time taken for 50% emergence was calculated from the correlation equation by plotting the cumulative In this work the duration of the life-cycle of percentage of adults emerged against time. -
An Autoparasitoid Wasp, Inferior at Resource Exploitation, Outcompetes Primary Parasitoids by Using Competitor Females to Produce Males
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Biblioteca Digital do IPB Ecological Entomology (2020), DOI: 10.1111/een.12846 An autoparasitoid wasp, inferior at resource exploitation, outcompetes primary parasitoids by using competitor females to produce males ROSALINA MARRAO,1 ENRIC FRAGO,2 JOSÉ A. PEREIRA1 and ALEJANDRO TENA3 1CIMO/Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal, 2Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations, CIRAD, UMR CBGP, F-34398 Montpellier, France and 3Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, IVIA, Spain Abstract. 1. Autoparasitoids are intraguild consumers that attack and kill heterospe- cific and conspecific parasitoids as well as immature stages of hemipteran hosts,such as aphids, whiteflies and soft scales. Field experiments assessing the importance of interspecific competition between autoparasitoids and primary parasitoids, as well its impact on herbivore suppression, are scarcely found in the ecological literature. 2. Using field data from 40 olive orchards, this study examined the mechanisms that regulate: (i) the interspecific competition between primary parasitoids of the genus Metaphycus and the autoparasitoid Coccophagus lycimnia; and (ii) the density of their shared herbivore host, the soft scale Saissetia oleae. 3. Metaphycus parasitoids used smaller hosts than C. lycimnia, yet did not outcompete C. lycimnia. On the other hand, C. lycimnia preferred to use Metaphycus females as secondary hosts for producing males rather than their own females. This preference might explain why the autoparasitoid negatively affected the density of the primary parasitoids. 4. Parasitism by the autoparasitoid C. lycimnia at the beginning of the season was the sole variable positively related to host mortality throughout the season, showing its greater effect on herbivore suppression. -
Black Scale Saissetia Oleae (Olivier, 1791)
EENY620 Black Scale Saissetia oleae (Olivier 1791) (Insecta: Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae)1 Morgan A. Byron, Jennifer L. Gillett-Kaufman, and Sandra A. Allan2 Introduction Synonymy The black scale, Saissetia oleae (Olivier 1791) (Hemiptera: Coccus oleae Olivier (1791) (ITIS 2014) Coccidae) is an important pest of citrus and olive trees. Originally from South Africa, this scale is now distributed Distribution worldwide. In Florida, black scale is found on citrus (Citrus Black scale has a cosmopolitan distribution, with records in spp.), cultivated olive (Olea europaea L.), avocado (Persea Europe, Asia, Africa, Australasia, the Pacific Islands, and in americana Mill.), and many popular landscape plants. the Americas (CABI 1954). It is likely that black scale, like many invasive pests, was imported to the United States on infested nursery plants. Based on their small size and the unique life history of scale Biology insects, these insects are difficult to detect and control. Female black scales deposit eggs from April to September and, like other species in the genus Saissetia, protect them beneath the body until they hatch. Each female can lay from a few hundred to over 2,500 eggs (Tena et al. 2007). Incubation time for the eggs varies due to temperature, with eggs laid in the summer hatching in 16 days and eggs in the winter taking up to six weeks to hatch. Black scale typically has one or two generations per year, but three generations have been observed in certain regions. Reproduction is largely parthenogenetic (a type of asexual reproduction where eggs develop without fertilization), although males Figure 1. Adult female black scales, Saissetia oleae (Olivier) on have been reported. -
COCCUS HESPERIDUM ) INFESTING Holly on VANCOUVER ISLAND
THE SOFT SCALE (COCCUS HESPERIDUM ) INFESTING HOllY ON VANCOUVER ISLAND ( A Preliminary Report ) Tile :,,,ft ;.;cale ( Coccus hesperidum ( L. )) ha,; iJec\J111e \ery pre\- alent o n holly tre es in many part:; PI' the :,() uthe rn Yanc(lu\-e r I sland d istrict durin'g t h e past :-e,;r. It \\' <1" Ilrst noticed in the I'ic inity of Victor ia, B.C., during Febru ary, ] 93 :::: ; s pecimens \\'ere iUr\\'arcled t( I the D ivision of Entolllolog-y at Otta\\'a. and \\-e re s ub seCj ue ntly deter mined Ill- 1)1'. Tlarold :\ I(l rrisun o i \\'ashin~n\ln. D.C. ,-\ d clitional IlOlh' trees \\ -~ re e:'-: alllineci during the c (; urse of the 1 0:],'1 season \yhen w'e o bsen'ed the soft scale spreaciing Yer,\- r apid ly, .\ black fung-us ( pre)]) ably Meliola camelliae Catt. \\'ith w hi c h thi:, scale is as,;ociated ) \\-as fO llnd to be present \\'here\'er the scale inie,;tatiun s occurrecl. Speci men s \\'Cre fo und a s far n o rth a s Duncan, The e:'tahli slllllent I Ii the ""it scale and t h e :' o ut,\-- lll uld fungus (I n hull), in I\riti,;h Columhia is it seri, IUS menace to the [>1'Ociuction and e:'-: pll rtatio n of ho lly f()r th e Ch r istmas season. Plant quarantine,; re o;t ricting the free 111(J\ elllent (I f the :'i cale-infested 11CJIh', foc u ,;,; ed t h e attention of t h e cOlll111e rc ial grll \\'er:, upo n th is pC'st ;lnd created an immediate n eecl fo r inf' lrlllati( ln u po n its life hahits and c() ntr,']. -
HOMOPTERA:COCCOIDEA) TÜRLERİ VE DOĞAL DÜŞMANLARI İLE ZARARLI PHENACOCCUS Aceris (SİGNORET)’İN BİYO-EKOLOJİSİ ÜZERİNDE ARAŞTIRMALAR
ANKARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ FEN BİLİMLERİ ENSTİTÜSÜ DOKTORA TEZİ ANKARA’DA PSEUDOCOCCIDAE (HOMOPTERA:COCCOIDEA) TÜRLERİ VE DOĞAL DÜŞMANLARI İLE ZARARLI PHENACOCCUS aceris (SİGNORET)’İN BİYO-EKOLOJİSİ ÜZERİNDE ARAŞTIRMALAR Mehmet Bora KAYDAN BİTKİ KORUMA ANABİLİM DALI ANKARA 2004 Her hakkı saklıdır 1. GİRİŞ Şehirlerdeki yeşil alanlar havadaki zehirli atıkların doğal filtresi olarak görev yapmalarının yanı sıra yaşama alanlarımızın güzel görünümü açısından da son derece önemlidir. Bu yüzden özellikle son yıllarda şehirlerde yeşillendirme çalışmaları artış göstermektedir. Şehir ekosistemlerinde süs bitkilerinin üretimi ve kullanımı, özellikle kuzey yarım kürede genel bir artış göstermekte ve gelişmiş ülkelerde şehirlerde kişi başına düşen yeşil alanın yedi m2 olması istenmektedir. Dünyadaki bu gelişmelere paralel olarak Ankara’da da yeşillendirme çalışmalarına büyük önem verilmektedir. Ankara’da kişi başına düşen yeşil alan miktarı 6.5 m2 civarındadır (Bozkurt 1992). Şehir ekosistemlerinde en büyük sorun, çevre kirliliğine ilaveten düzensiz ve bilinçsiz ilaçlamalardan dolayı doğal dengenin bozulması ve bu dengenin önemli halkalarından biri olan faydalı faunanın yok olması veya çok azalması nedeni ile zararlı fauna popülasyonunun artmasıdır. Coccoidea üst familyasının da içerisinde bulunduğu emici böceklerde bu durum daha da önemli bir boyut kazanmaktadır (Kozerveskaya, 1986). Özellikle süs bitkilerinin şehir ekosistemlerinde fizyolojik stres altında olmaları ve yeşil aksamlarının hava kirliliğinden dolayı yüksek miktarda kimyasal maddeye maruz kalmalarından dolayı coccoid enfeksiyonlarının artışına neden olmaktadır. Bu nedenle ormanlar gibi dengenin çok fazla bozulmadığı alanlarda bulunan ve nadiren ekonomik olarak önemli olan bu türler, şehir ekosistemlerinde önemli zararlılar olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Aynı sorunlar çok yoğun ve sistematik ilaçlamanın yapıldığı seralarda da görülmektedir. Artan zararlı popülasyonu nedeni ile bu tip zararlıların vermiş oldukları zararlar artmakta, ekonomik kayıplara neden olmaktadır. -
Coccidology. the Study of Scale Insects (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea)
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria (E-Journal) Revista Corpoica – Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria (2008) 9(2), 55-61 RevIEW ARTICLE Coccidology. The study of scale insects (Hemiptera: Takumasa Kondo1, Penny J. Gullan2, Douglas J. Williams3 Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea) Coccidología. El estudio de insectos ABSTRACT escama (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: A brief introduction to the science of coccidology, and a synopsis of the history, Coccoidea) advances and challenges in this field of study are discussed. The changes in coccidology since the publication of the Systema Naturae by Carolus Linnaeus 250 years ago are RESUMEN Se presenta una breve introducción a la briefly reviewed. The economic importance, the phylogenetic relationships and the ciencia de la coccidología y se discute una application of DNA barcoding to scale insect identification are also considered in the sinopsis de la historia, avances y desafíos de discussion section. este campo de estudio. Se hace una breve revisión de los cambios de la coccidología Keywords: Scale, insects, coccidae, DNA, history. desde la publicación de Systema Naturae por Carolus Linnaeus hace 250 años. También se discuten la importancia económica, las INTRODUCTION Sternorrhyncha (Gullan & Martin, 2003). relaciones filogenéticas y la aplicación de These insects are usually less than 5 mm códigos de barras del ADN en la identificación occidology is the branch of in length. Their taxonomy is based mainly de insectos escama. C entomology that deals with the study of on the microscopic cuticular features of hemipterous insects of the superfamily Palabras clave: insectos, escama, coccidae, the adult female. -
Hyperparasitoids As New Targets in Biological Control in a Global Change Context Kévin Tougeron, a Tena
Hyperparasitoids as new targets in biological control in a global change context Kévin Tougeron, A Tena To cite this version: Kévin Tougeron, A Tena. Hyperparasitoids as new targets in biological control in a global change context. Biological Control, Elsevier, 2019, 130, pp.164-171. 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2018.09.003. hal- 01929186 HAL Id: hal-01929186 https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01929186 Submitted on 21 Nov 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Hyperparasitoids as new targets in biological control in a global change context Authors and affiliations: The authors contributed equally to this work. Tougeron K.1, 2 & Tena A.3 1 The University of Wisconsin – La Crosse, Department of Biology, La Crosse, Wisconsin, United States of America, 1725 State street, 54601 2 Univ Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO (Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution) - UMR 6553, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35000 Rennes, France.) 3 Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Unidad Asociada de Entomología UJI-IVIA, Moncada, València 46113, Spain. Corresponding author: [email protected] Cite as: Tougeron K. & Tena A. Hyperparasitoids as new targets in biological control in a global change context. -
Insects That Feed on Trees and Shrubs
INSECTS THAT FEED ON COLORADO TREES AND SHRUBS1 Whitney Cranshaw David Leatherman Boris Kondratieff Bulletin 506A TABLE OF CONTENTS DEFOLIATORS .................................................... 8 Leaf Feeding Caterpillars .............................................. 8 Cecropia Moth ................................................ 8 Polyphemus Moth ............................................. 9 Nevada Buck Moth ............................................. 9 Pandora Moth ............................................... 10 Io Moth .................................................... 10 Fall Webworm ............................................... 11 Tiger Moth ................................................. 12 American Dagger Moth ......................................... 13 Redhumped Caterpillar ......................................... 13 Achemon Sphinx ............................................. 14 Table 1. Common sphinx moths of Colorado .......................... 14 Douglas-fir Tussock Moth ....................................... 15 1. Whitney Cranshaw, Colorado State University Cooperative Extension etnomologist and associate professor, entomology; David Leatherman, entomologist, Colorado State Forest Service; Boris Kondratieff, associate professor, entomology. 8/93. ©Colorado State University Cooperative Extension. 1994. For more information, contact your county Cooperative Extension office. Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work, Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, -
Insect Pest List by Host Tree and Reported Country
Insect pest list by host tree and reported country Scientific name Acalolepta cervina Hope, 1831 Teak canker grub|Eng Cerambycidae Coleoptera Hosting tree Genera Species Family Tree species common name Reported Country Tectona grandis Verbenaceae Teak-Jati Thailand Scientific name Amblypelta cocophaga Fruit spotting bug|eng Coconut Coreidae Hemiptera nutfall bug|Eng, Chinche del Hosting tree Genera Species Family Tree species common name Reported Country Agathis macrophylla Araucariaceae Kauri Solomon Islands Eucalyptus deglupta Myrtaceae Kamarere-Bagras Solomon Islands Scientific name Anoplophora glabripennis Motschulsky Asian longhorn beetle (ALB)|eng Cerambycidae Coleoptera Hosting tree Genera Species Family Tree species common name Reported Country Paraserianthes falcataria Leguminosae Sengon-Albizia-Falcata-Molucca albizia- China Moluccac sau-Jeungjing-Sengon-Batai-Mara- Falcata Populus spp. Salicaceae Poplar China Salix spp. Salicaceae Salix spp. China 05 November 2007 Page 1 of 35 Scientific name Aonidiella orientalis Newstead, Oriental scale|eng Diaspididae Homoptera 1894 Hosting tree Genera Species Family Tree species common name Reported Country Lovoa swynnertonii Meliaceae East African walnut Cameroon Azadirachta indica Meliaceae Melia indica-Neem Nigeria Scientific name Apethymus abdominalis Lepeletier, Tenthredinidae Hymenoptera 1823 Hosting tree Genera Species Family Tree species common name Reported Country Other Coniferous Other Coniferous Romania Scientific name Apriona germari Hope 1831 Long-horned beetle|eng Cerambycidae -
Mites and Insects Affecting Tree Establishment
Mites and Insects Affecting Tree Establishment Kris E. Tollerup, UC Area Advisor, Kearney Agricultural Research and Extension Center Arthropod Pests on Pistachio • Arthropod pest management during orchard establishment – Considering the immediate, or within-season needs to prevent economic damage. Principles of IPM Principles of IPM Using Pesticides • Disclaimer: Labels often change and reflect the law how pesticide can be legally applied. The following information in this presentation is for the purpose of general education only and does not constitute an endorsement or recommendation for use. Arthropod Pests on Pistachio • Species that can affect establishment of trees – Hemipterans, soft scale and aphids 1. Brown soft, Coccus hesperidum. 2. Black scale, Saissetia oleae. 3. Frosted scale, Parthenolecanium pruinosum. 4. European fruit, lecanium, P. corni. 5. Cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Arthropod Pests on Pistachio Black scale • Damage – Produce large amount of honeydew in spring • Provides substrate for black sooty mold. • Can result in reduction of photosynthesis. • Large populations can reduce shoot growth. Arthropod Pests on Pistachio Metaphycus luteolus Black scale • Management – Biological: usually keep populations under economic levels. Rhyzobius sp. – Chemical: narrow range oil, insect growth regulators are effective. Arthropod Pests on Pistachio False chinch bug • Damage – Feeding on young trees can cause trees to wilt and die. – Feeding on older trees can result in severe leaf- drop. Arthropod Pests on Pistachio False chinch bug • Management – Cultural: mow ground cover before bloom in spring. – Chemical: primarily broad- spectrum insecticides • Apply morning or early evening. • More effective if trunk guards removed. Arthropod Pests on Pistachio Adult darkling beetle Darkling beetles • Damage – Feeds on 3 to 4 week-old Kerman bud of newly- grafted trees. -
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Biota Neotropica 20(4): e20201045, 2020 www.scielo.br/bn ISSN 1676-0611 (online edition) Article Anatomy of male and female reproductive organs of stink bugs pests (Pentatomidae: Heteroptera) from soybean and rice crops Vinícius Albano Araújo1* , Tito Bacca2 & Lucimar Gomes Dias3,4 1Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade, Macaé, RJ, Brasil. 2Universidad del Tolima, Facultad de Ingeniería Agronómica, Ibagué, Tolima, Colombia. 3Universidad de Caldas, Caldas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Colombia. 4Universidad de Caldas, Grupo de investigación Bionat, Caldas, Colombia. *Corresponding author: Vinícius Albano Araújo, e-mail: [email protected] ARAÚJO, V., BACCA, T., DIAS, L. Anatomy of male and female reproductive organs of stink bugs pests (Pentatomidae: Heteroptera) from soybean and rice crops. Biota Neotropica 20(4): e20201045. https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-BN-2020-1045 Abstract: Pentatomidae comprises a diverse group of stink bugs widely distributed in the Neotropical region. Many species are phytophagous and cause injuries to plants, and can thus be defined as agricultural pests. In this study, the anatomy of the female and male reproductive tracts of three important agricultural pests in Colombia is described: Piezodorus guildinii Westwood, 1837 and Chinavia ubica Rolston 1983, found on soybeans, and Oebalus insularis Stål, 1872, found in rice crops. For that, light microscopy techniques were used. The anatomy of the reproductive tract of sexually mature males of the three species studied consisted of a pair of testes, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, ejaculatory bulb, an ejaculatory duct that opens into an aedeagus, and paired accessory glands.