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Myanmar Humanitarian Situation Report #6 (January-June 2019)

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Myanmar Humanitarian Situation Report #6 (January-June 2019) ©UNICEF/2019/ToeToeAung Myanmar Humanitarian Situation Report #6 (January-June 2019) SITUATION IN NUMBERS Highlights 19 July 2019 • Mid-way through 2019, UNICEF has provided hygiene kits or hygiene 460,788 items to nearly 306,000 people and provided sustained access to safe # of children in need of humanitarian water to over 105,000 people, and education support to over 24,000 assistance (HNO 2019) children between 3-17 years. Kachin: 71,150 Kayin: 4,475 • As of the end of June, UNICEF has provided treatment for severe Rakhine: 364,767 acute malnutrition to nearly 2,000 children between 6-59 months, Shan: 20,396 helped to vaccinate nearly 5,000 children 9-18 months against measles, and provided psychosocial support to nearly 32,500 people. 941,351 • While access to several areas of Rakhine state is gradually improving, # of people in need it is still not being granted to the full state. Despite this, UNICEF, (HNO 2019) UNHCR, UNFPA, and Malteser International, have successfully carried out needs identification missions to 19 new displacement sites in Buthidaung and Rathedaung Townships and delivered UNICEF Appeal 2019 humanitarian assistance in 17 sites reaching nearly 5,000 people. US$ 59 million • Despite the generous contribution of donors thus far, mid-way through the year UNICEF Myanmar remains with a funding gap of 66 percent (US$38.9 million), impacting the ability to fully reach children in need of life-saving and life-sustaining humanitarian assistance. UNICEF’s Response with Partners Funding Status 2019 UNICEF Cluster/Sector Carry- forward UNICEF Total Cluster/Sector Total amount: Target* Results** Target Results** $4.9m Funds Nutrition: # of children 6 to 59 Received: months admitted for SAM 10,401 1,945 5,202 1,945 $15.3m therapeutic care Health: # children/women with 2019 Funding 105,000 33,999 access to health care Requirement: WASH: # of people benefitting $59.1m 512,654 105,111 487,648 228,424 from safe drinking water Child Protection: # people with 287,160 34,442 267,596 50,700 access to MHPSS Funding Gap: $38.9m Education: # of children) accessing pre- primary or 105,409 21,836 95,062 43,539 primary learning opportunities * UNICEF targets are higher than cluster targets in some areas due to change in UNICEF methodology after HRP was completed. **Total Results reported are cumulative. ***With the exception of the nutrition sector which reports monthly, cluster/sector reporting is quarterly. Situation Overview & Humanitarian Needs Kachin and Shan States The humanitarian landscape in the northeast region remains characterized by the consequences of conflict, landmines and explosive remnants of war (ERWs); This year there have been 63 total documented landmine incidents and 99 total associated casualties across the country. One out of every four casualties of landmine incidents in Myanmar is a child. A total of 21 incidents have occurred in northern Shan State thus far in 2019, injuring 31 people of which 13 were children, and killing 12 people of whom six were children. Mine incidents across Shan State accounted for 32 percent of total incidents and 43 percent of total casualties in the country. Kachin State accounts for 24 percent of landmine-associated injuries and deaths and 24 percent of incidents countrywide in 2019. Concomitant with the ceasefire, there has been no reported displacement in Kachin State since November 2018. Instead, humanitarian agencies continue to receive requests from the Government to support small scale returns of existing IDPs. A 2019 survey of Kachin State IDPs, organized by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and its partners, has found that most IDPs have strong preferences to return home, with 65 percent of respondents reporting intent to return home if and when they leave the camps. The total number of displaced in the state has fluctuated but remains over 97,000 with people sheltering at 136 camps or camp-like settings; of these nearly 40,000 (41 percent) are in non-government-controlled areas. ©UNICEF/2019/RuslanaSirman UNICEF and other humanitarian actors continue to have difficulty accessing different population groups for assessment and response activities in Kachin State. OCHA estimates that during the first half of June, 36 percent of the affected people were not reached with services or reached with difficulties, especially in areas not under government control. Overall, humanitarian access appears to have deteriorated in the months coinciding with the ceasefire when compared to the last 24 months. Reportedly, in June, 50 households moved to Nan Sa Yang village in Kachin State. The total number of returnees remains small and movements are generally uncoordinated and often to places that are still considered unsafe due to landmine contamination or proximity to military establishments. Humanitarian agencies struggle to respond to such cases because they have not been involved in the returnee process and are unable to verify the principles guiding the returns. In December of 2018, the Myanmar Army or Tatmadaw declared a uniliteral ceasefire with ethnic armed organizations (EAOs) lasting in five military operation areas including northern Shan and Kachin States. The ceasefire has been extended twice and is now effective until 31 August. Though incidence of fighting has dropped significantly, particularly in Kachin State, there has been fighting between the EAOs, and in some cases with the military in the first six months of the year. Rakhine State Displacement due to ongoing conflict between the Tatmadaw and Arakan Army (AA) has gradually reduced in northern townships of Buthidaung and Rathedaung townships, peaking in April at almost 17,000 IDPs; number have reduced to 5,572 as of end of June 2019. Population movements remain fluid however, with frequent reports of new arrivals and returns depending on clashes. Fighting between the AA and Tatmadaw continues in Paletwa township of Chin state, which is geographically contiguous with Rakhine State; where more than 3,000 people are displaced. The Rakhine State Government has indicated that it is planning to transfer some of the newly displaced to “relocation sites” across the state. While details have not been officially confirmed, it is understood that nine sites across five townships have been identified for relocation and that construction activities at some of these sites are underway. Potential issues of concern include security and physical safety, distance from places of origin, inter-communal considerations, housing, land and property rights and encampment policy. UNICEF and the Maungdaw Inter-Agency Group (MIAG) partners have met to formulate joint positions for a common and principled approach to possible relocation of displaced persons and circulate a draft paper on key considerations. Humanitarian access not related to the new displacements remains severely restricted for UNICEF and most humanitarian agencies across northern townships of Rakhine State, yet marginal improvements have been observed in June as compared to the last six months. UNICEF national staff received travel authorization (TA) approvals to carry out programme visits to nine Village Tracts in Maungdaw and Buthidaung townships in June. It is the first time UNICEF has obtained any regular programming TA approvals outside of towns since November 2018. For international UNICEF staff however, only missions to carry out needs identification and distributions to newly displaced populations have been approved outside of urban towns. UNICEF’s activities in IDP camps in central Rakhine State continue and are largely not impacted by the fighting. However, development activities have been slowed or stalled and some activities have been moved to new locations where fighting makes accessibility impossible. An indefinite Government-ordered internet blockage as of June 2019 across eight townships in Rakhine State and Paletwa township in Chin state, threatens to further limit access and reporting capabilities in coming months and is impacting an estimated one million people. In central Rakhine State, partners are generally able to access Sittwe township to use internet services, however the blockage is affecting the ability of UNICEF © UNICEF/2019/MaungMaungOo staff and partners to quickly share information except through telephone calls. Kayin State Fighting broke out in Kayin State on 21 June between the Tatmadaw/Border Guard Force (BGF) and the Democratic Karen Buddhist Army (DKBA) near Me Zaing Mountain in Hpa-An township. The skirmish resulted in over 100 displaced civilians, including local villagers and monks. BGF informed the media that a ceasefire was agreed to on 22 June between Tatmadaw/BGF and DKBA and was marked by a reconciliation ceremony in Myaing Gyi Ngu area, however it is unknown whether all parties agreed to the ceasefire. Landmine incidents continue to plague the region. The most recent mine incident occurred on 24 June in Hpa-pun township Kayin State, when two villagers were injured. This incident comes on the back of a mine explosion just days earlier in Thandaungyi township, in which three people sustained injuries and one died at the scene. While these cases have been documented, it is suspected that many more cases occur and are not reported for fear of reprisals by authorities or armed groups, particularly in cases where victims of landmines could potentially seek damages. UNICEF continues to monitor these situations closely. Where possible, assistance is provided by the government and members of the mine action group in Kayin State. UNICEF, as co-chair of the Mine Risk Working Group (MRWG), has called on all parties to conflict and other stakeholders to scale up efforts to protect children and their families from the devastating impact of landmines. Humanitarian Leadership and Coordination • UNICEF is leading the WASH Cluster and leads the Nutrition in Emergencies Sector and Child Protection sub-sector and is co-leading the Education in Emergencies Sector at both that national and sub-national levels in Rakhine and Kachin States. UNICEF, through these roles, participates in the Inter-Cluster Coordination Group (ICCG) in Yangon and relevant sub-national level coordination groups.
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